Pressure vessel device with self-locking quick-opening mechanism

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of pressure vessel technology, specifically to a pressure vessel device with a self-locking quick-opening mechanism. It includes a tank body, a cover frame, and an outer cover. The outer cover can be raised, lowered, and rotated relative to the tank body. The tank body is connected to an electromagnetic pressure relief valve and has locking plates arranged in an array on its top. The cover frame is rotatably connected to the outer cover and a one-way pawl. Torsion springs are provided at the rotatable connections between the cover frame, the outer cover, and the one-way pawl. The outer cover has a toothed ring, and locking strips are arranged in an array on its lower ring edge. It also includes an inner cover, with a main sealing ring installed on its bottom surface. A main cylinder is located at the axis of the outer cover, and the bottom end of the main cylinder is connected to a pressure-conducting pipe slidably connected to the inner cover. A main piston is slidably connected inside the main cylinder. The beneficial effects of this invention are: through the deep linkage between the internal pressure of the tank and the hydraulic interlocking mechanism, adaptive enhancement of locking force and sealing performance is achieved, solving the problem that traditional mechanisms rely solely on mechanical contact to transmit locking force without linkage with the internal pressure of the tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pressure vessel technology, specifically to a pressure vessel device with a self-locking quick-opening mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] As pressure-bearing equipment, the safety and reliability of the quick-opening mechanism of a pressure vessel are core requirements in industrial applications, especially in scenarios with frequent opening and closing operations. The quick-opening mechanism must simultaneously meet the dual requirements of rapid operation and high-pressure sealing. In existing technologies, traditional quick-opening mechanisms generally have the following technical problems: Traditional quick-opening mechanisms mostly use circumferentially distributed claws or locking rings to achieve radial locking, transmitting locking force only through mechanical contact without linkage with the pressure inside the tank. When the pressure inside the tank rises suddenly or vibration occurs, the locking surface is prone to slight displacement, leading to a decrease in locking force. After long-term use, fatigue loosening may occur. Existing technology does not have independent anti-reverse and anti-misoperation interlocks. Once the main locking structure fails, there is no backup locking mechanism, which may cause the outer cover to pop open instantly, causing an explosion or media splashing accident. At the same time, the locking action of existing pressure vessels depends on external power or manual operation, which is unrelated to the pressure state inside the tank. For example, when the residual pressure inside the tank is not completely released, if the opening mechanism is operated by mistake, the cover may fly off due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside. Such accidents are common in industrial practice. Based on this, the present invention provides a pressure vessel device with a self-locking quick-opening mechanism to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention addresses the technical problems existing in the prior art by providing a pressure vessel device with a self-locking quick-opening mechanism. This solves the problem that traditional quick-opening mechanisms often use circumferentially distributed claws or locking rings to achieve radial locking, which only transmits locking force through mechanical contact and does not form a linkage with the pressure inside the tank. When the pressure inside the tank rises suddenly or vibration occurs, the locking surface is prone to slight displacement, resulting in attenuation of the locking force. After long-term use, fatigue and loosening may occur.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a pressure vessel device with a self-locking quick-opening mechanism includes a tank body, a cover frame and an outer cover. The outer cover can be raised, lowered and rotated relative to the tank body. The tank body is connected to an electromagnetic pressure relief valve and has a locking plate arrayed on the top. The cover frame is rotatably connected to the outer cover and a one-way pawl. A torsion spring is provided at the rotatable connection between the cover frame, the outer cover and the one-way pawl. A toothed ring is provided on the outer cover. A locking strip is arrayed on the lower ring edge of the outer cover. It also includes an inner cover, with a main sealing ring installed on the bottom surface of the inner cover, a main cylinder at the axis of the outer cover, a pressure guide pipe connected to the bottom of the main cylinder and slidably connected to the inner cover, a main piston slidably connected inside the main cylinder, a main spring between the two, and four hydraulic interlocking mechanisms connected to the main cylinder. The hydraulic interlocking mechanism includes a secondary cylinder and a piston cylinder mounted on the outer cover. A secondary piston is slidably connected inside the secondary cylinder. A main oil circuit connects the secondary cylinder and the main cylinder. A sealing rod is installed at the bottom of the secondary piston. The bottom of the sealing rod is fixedly connected to the inner cover. A T-shaped locking pin is slidably connected inside the piston cylinder. A secondary spring is sleeved on the T-shaped locking pin. A secondary oil circuit connects the piston cylinder and the main oil circuit. A countersunk locking hole adapted to the T-shaped locking pin is opened on the tank body. It also includes a brake cylinder that communicates with the inner cavity of the tank. A brake piston is slidably connected inside the brake cylinder, and a return spring is provided between the two. An interlocking toothed plate that meshes with the gear ring is installed on the brake piston.

[0005] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it also includes a lifting frame. Two symmetrically arranged hydraulic cylinders are installed on the tank body. The piston ends of the two hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to the lifting frame. A rotary motor is installed on the lifting frame. The output shaft end of the rotary motor is fixedly connected to the cover frame by bolts. A guide arc groove is provided on the cover frame. A positioning rod that is slidably connected to the guide arc groove is installed on the lifting frame.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it further includes a pressure relief cylinder installed on the outer cover. A transmission screw is rotatably connected inside the pressure relief cylinder via a bearing. A pressure relief piston is drivenly connected to the transmission screw. The tail end of the pressure relief cylinder is connected to a pressure regulating pipeline. The other end of the pressure regulating pipeline is connected to a main oil circuit. A handwheel is installed at the tail end of the transmission screw.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the outer cover is equipped with two symmetrically arranged handles, the cover frame is provided with a limiting groove, the outer cover is fixedly installed with a limiting rod that is slidably connected to the limiting groove, the one-way pawl is equipped with a pawl paddle, the top of the can body is provided with a ring locking groove, and the locking plate is installed on the upper ring edge of the ring locking groove.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the locking plate and the locking strip are both fan-shaped structures, the arc length of the locking plate and the locking strip are adapted, each locking strip has a raised limiting platform at its tail, and the axes of the T-shaped locking pin and the countersunk locking hole are perpendicular to the axis of the tank body.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a countersunk sealing ring groove is provided on the tank body at a position corresponding to the inner side of the ring locking groove. The countersunk sealing ring groove is adapted to and connected to the main sealing ring. The main sealing ring is made of fluororubber. The height of the main sealing ring is 0.4 to 0.6 times the vertical distance between the ring locking groove and the countersunk sealing ring groove. A sealing sub-ring is installed on the outer periphery of the inner cover.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the tail end of the brake cylinder is connected to a pressure conduit, the pressure conduit is fixedly connected to the outer cover, a pressure gauge is installed on the pressure conduit, and a corrugated metal section is provided on the pressure conduit. The tail end of the pressure conduit is connected to a through pipe, the through pipe is slidably connected to the inner cover and communicates with the inner cavity of the tank.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the area of ​​the auxiliary piston is 1.4 to 1.7 times that of the main piston, and a guide rod is installed on the top surface of the main piston, the guide rod being slidably connected to the main cylinder.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention achieves adaptive enhancement of locking force and sealing performance through deep linkage between the internal pressure of the tank and the hydraulic interlocking mechanism. It solves the problem that traditional mechanisms rely solely on mechanical contact to transmit locking force without linkage with the internal pressure of the tank. When the internal pressure of the tank increases, the medium enters the main cylinder through the pressure guide pipe, pushing the main piston to compress the main spring. The hydraulic oil drives the auxiliary cylinder and piston cylinder synchronously through the main oil circuit. On one hand, the auxiliary piston presses down on the inner cover through the sealing rod, making the main sealing ring and the countersunk sealing ring groove fit tightly. The higher the pressure, the tighter the fit. On the other hand, the T-shaped locking pin is inserted into the countersunk locking hole under hydraulic action to form an axial rigid lock. The area of ​​the auxiliary piston is 1.4-1.7 times that of the main piston. Through the hydraulic amplification effect, it ensures that the locking force and sealing force dynamically increase with the pressure, avoiding the attenuation of locking force caused by vibration or pressure fluctuations in traditional mechanisms. It achieves the synergistic effect of higher pressure, stronger lock, and tighter seal, improving reliability compared to traditional mechanical locking structures.

[0014] 2. To address the safety hazards of traditional mechanisms lacking independent anti-reverse and anti-accidental opening interlocks, this invention designs a triple interlocking system of mechanical, hydraulic, and pressure interlocks, forming multi-dimensional failure protection. The first layer is the mechanical locking of the one-way pawl and the gear ring. The preload of the torsion spring ensures that the pawl is always engaged with the gear ring, preventing the outer cover from rotating in the opposite direction. The second layer is the pressure linkage locking of the brake cylinder and the interlocking gear plate. The pressure inside the tank drives the brake piston through the pressure conduit, causing the interlocking gear plate to engage with the gear ring, achieving locking as soon as pressure is applied. The third layer is the axial hydraulic locking of the T-shaped locking pin and the countersunk locking hole, forming a spatial cross-locking with the circumferential locking plate structure. The three mechanisms work independently yet synergistically. Even if a single mechanism fails, the remaining mechanisms can still ensure safety, reducing the risk of accidental opening compared to the traditional single pawl structure.

[0015] 3. This invention achieves pressure-adaptive optimization of sealing performance through a dual design of a main sealing ring and a secondary sealing ring, combined with dynamic compression driven by hydraulics. The main sealing ring is made of fluororubber and its height is 0.4-0.6 times the vertical distance between the ring locking groove and the countersunk sealing ring groove. When the pressure inside the tank increases, the inner cover moves down under the action of the sealing pressure rod, and the main sealing ring is compressed to fill the sealing gap, forming the first high-pressure seal. The secondary sealing ring on the outer periphery of the inner cover fits tightly with the inner wall of the tank, forming the second redundant seal. This structure breaks through the limitations of traditional fixed seals by linking pressure, displacement, and sealing force. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a pressure vessel device with a self-locking quick-opening mechanism. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the partial structure at point A in the middle; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the outer cover and countersunk lock hole; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point B; Figure 5 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point C in the middle; Figure 7 for Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point D; Figure 8 for Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point E; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the outer cover and the drive screw; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the gear ring and pressure guide tube. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic pressure relief valve. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the brake cylinder and interlocking gear plate.

[0017] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Tank body; 2. Cover bracket; 3. Outer cover; 4. Electromagnetic pressure relief valve; 5. Ring lock groove; 6. Locking plate; 7. One-way pawl; 8. Torsion spring; 9. Gear ring; 10. Locking strip; 11. Raised limiting platform; 12. Inner cover; 13. Main sealing ring; 14. Main cylinder; 15. Pressure guide pipe; 16. Main piston; 17. Main spring; 18. Auxiliary cylinder; 19. Piston cylinder; 20. Auxiliary piston; 21. Main oil passage; 22. Sealing rod; 23. T-shaped locking pin; 24. Auxiliary spring 25. Auxiliary oil passage; 26. Countersunk lock hole; 27. Brake cylinder; 28. Brake piston; 29. ​​Return spring; 30. Interlocking tooth plate; 31. Lifting frame; 32. Hydraulic cylinder; 33. Rotary motor; 34. Guide arc groove; 35. Pressure relief cylinder; 36. Transmission screw; 37. Pressure relief piston; 38. Pressure regulating pipeline; 39. Handle; 40. Limiting groove; 41. Countersunk sealing ring groove; 42. Sealing secondary ring; 43. Pressure conduit; 44. Through pipe; 45. Guide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0019] The present invention provides the following preferred embodiments, such as Figure 1-12 As shown, a pressure vessel device with a self-locking quick-opening mechanism includes a tank body 1, a cover frame 2 and an outer cover 3. The cover frame 2 can be raised, lowered and rotated relative to the tank body 1. Two symmetrically arranged handles 39 are installed on the outer cover 3. A limit groove 40 is opened on the cover frame 2. A limit rod that is slidably connected to the limit groove 40 is fixedly installed on the outer cover 3. It also includes a lifting frame 31, and two symmetrically arranged hydraulic cylinders 32 are installed on the tank body 1. The piston ends of the two hydraulic cylinders 32 are fixedly connected to the lifting frame 31. A rotary motor 33 is installed on the lifting frame 31. The output shaft end of the rotary motor 33 is fixedly connected to the cover frame 2 by bolts. A guide arc groove 34 is opened on the cover frame 2. A positioning rod that is slidably connected to the guide arc groove 34 is installed on the lifting frame 31. This structure enables precise linkage between the lifting and rotating of the outer cover 3; When it is necessary to open or close the outer cover 3, the two symmetrical hydraulic cylinders 32 synchronously drive the lifting frame 31 to move vertically, causing the cover frame 2 and the outer cover 3 to move away from or closer to the tank body 1, thereby realizing the rapid separation or contact between the outer cover 3 and the tank body 1. When the outer cover 3 needs to be rotated to lock or unlock, the rotary motor 33 on the lifting frame 31 drives the cover frame 2 to rotate. At this time, the positioning rod on the cover frame 2 slides along the guide arc groove 34 of the lifting frame 31 to precisely limit the rotation angle of the outer cover 3. In manual operation scenarios, the symmetrical handles 39 of the outer cover 3 can assist manual rotation, while the limiting rod of the outer cover 3 slides along the limiting groove 40 of the cover frame 2, further limiting the rotation angle of the outer cover 3 on the cover frame 2. Tank 1 is connected to electromagnetic pressure relief valve 4 and has a lock plate 6 arrayed on the top; The top of the tank body 1 is provided with a ring lock groove 5, and the locking plate 6 is installed on the upper ring edge of the ring lock groove 5; The cover frame 2 is rotatably connected to the outer cover 3 and the one-way pawl 7. The rotatable connection between the cover frame 2 and the outer cover 3 and the one-way pawl 7 is provided with a torsion spring 8. The cover frame 2 and the one-way pawl 7 are rotatably connected by a rotating pin, and the torsion spring 8 on the one-way pawl 7 is sleeved on the rotating pin. One end of each of the two torsion springs 8 abuts against the cover frame 2, and the other end abuts against the outer cover 3 and the one-way pawl 7 respectively; The one-way pawl 7 is equipped with a pawl paddle; The outer cover 3 is provided with a toothed ring 9, and the lower ring edge of the outer cover 3 is equipped with a series of retaining strips 10. Each retaining strip 10 has a raised limiting platform 11 at its tail. Both the locking plate 6 and the locking strip 10 are fan-shaped structures, and the arc lengths of the locking plate 6 and the locking strip 10 are matched. This structure establishes a dual mechanical locking mechanism between the outer cover 3 and the tank body 1; When the outer cover 3 rotates in the locking direction, the locking strip 10 is first sent into the ring lock groove 5. As the outer cover 3 rotates, the fan-shaped locking strip 10 on the lower ring edge of the outer cover 3 is gradually inserted between the ring lock groove 5 of the tank body 1 and the fan-shaped locking plate 6 on its upper ring edge. When the protruding limiting platform 11 at the tail of the fan-shaped locking strip 10 meets the fan-shaped locking plate 6, the outer cover 3 rotates into place and enters the locking position. In this state, the outer cover 3 has been rotated at an angle relative to the cover frame 2, and the torsion spring 8 on the outer cover 3 is in an energy storage state; At the same time, under the action of pre-tightening force, the torsion spring 8 connected to the cover frame 2 and the one-way pawl 7 pushes the one-way pawl 7 to engage with the toothed ring 9 of the outer cover 3, preventing the outer cover 3 from rotating in the opposite direction and forming a one-way lock to avoid unexpected unlocking. When it is necessary to unlock the outer cover 3, the electromagnetic pressure relief valve 4 is first controlled by the central control system used in conjunction with the tank body 1 to restore the pressure inside the tank body 1 to normal pressure. Then, the pawl on the one-way pawl 7 is manually moved to disengage the one-way pawl 7 from the toothed ring 9 and release the one-way lock. Under the action of the torsion spring 8 on it, the outer cover 3 can automatically rotate in the opposite direction. Furthermore, by setting the limiting groove 40, it can be ensured that after the outer cover 3 automatically reverses, the fan-shaped locking plate 6 and the fan-shaped locking strip 10 are misaligned. The matching structure of the fan-shaped locking plate 6 and the fan-shaped locking strip 10 realizes the circumferential rigid locking of the outer cover 3 and the tank body 1. Combined with the one-way pawl 7 and the one-way locking of the toothed ring 9, a double anti-loosening mechanism is formed, which solves the problem that the traditional single locking structure is prone to loosening due to vibration or pressure fluctuation. The torsion spring 8 automatically provides the one-way pawl 7 engagement preload without the need for an additional power source, while the pawl paddle simplifies the unlocking operation, balancing locking reliability and operational flexibility.

[0020] It also includes an inner cover 12, on the bottom surface of which a main sealing ring 13 is installed, and on the outer periphery of which a secondary sealing ring 42 is installed. Both the main sealing ring 13 and the secondary sealing ring 42 are made of fluororubber. A countersunk sealing ring groove 41 is provided on the tank body 1 at the position corresponding to the inner side of the ring lock groove 5. The countersunk sealing ring groove 41 is adapted to be connected to the main sealing ring 13. In a preferred embodiment, the height of the main sealing ring 13 is 0.5 times the vertical distance between the ring locking groove 5 and the countersunk sealing ring groove 41; This structure achieves an adaptive double seal for the pressure vessel. Its working process is as follows: when the outer cover 3 drives the inner cover 12 to fit against the tank body 1, the main sealing ring 13 on the bottom surface of the inner cover 12 is embedded in the countersunk sealing ring groove 41 of the tank body 1, thus initially forming a seal. When the pressure inside tank 1 increases, the inner cover 12 moves downward under the pressure of the medium inside tank 1, further compressing the main sealing ring 13. Because the height of the main sealing ring 13 is 0.5 times the vertical distance between the ring locking groove 5 and the countersunk sealing ring groove 41, sufficient compression margin is reserved. The higher the pressure, the greater the compression of the main sealing ring 13, and the tighter the sealing surface fits. At the same time, the sealing sub-ring 42 on the outer periphery of the inner cover 12 fits tightly against the inner wall of the tank body 1, forming a second sealing line of defense; The main sealing ring 13 and the secondary sealing ring 42, made of fluororubber, can withstand the possible strong corrosive and high-temperature media in the tank 1, and avoid aging and failure of the sealing components. The height design of the main sealing ring 13 enables pressure-adaptive sealing. The higher the pressure, the stronger the sealing performance, which solves the problem of the sealing performance of traditional sealing rings decreasing due to pressure changes. The dual-seal structure significantly improves sealing reliability, while the fluororubber material broadens the equipment's applicability to various media, extends the service life of the seals, and meets the stringent sealing requirements of pressure vessels.

[0021] A main cylinder 14 is provided at the axis of the outer cover 3. The bottom end of the main cylinder 14 is connected to a pressure guide pipe 15 that is slidably connected to the inner cover 12. The pressure guide pipe 15 is slidably connected to the inner cover 12 and is connected to the inner cavity of the tank body 1 when the outer cover 3 is closed in the tank body 1. A main piston 16 is slidably connected inside the main cylinder 14, and a main spring 17 is provided between the two. A guide rod 45 is installed on the top surface of the main piston 16, and the guide rod 45 is slidably connected to the main cylinder 14. The main spring 17 is located on the upper part of the main piston 16, and the main spring 17 is sleeved on the guide rod 45; The main cylinder 14 is circumferentially connected with four hydraulic interlocking mechanisms; The hydraulic interlocking mechanism includes a secondary cylinder 18 and a piston cylinder 19 installed on the outer cover 3. A secondary piston 20 is slidably connected inside the secondary cylinder 18. A main oil passage 21 connects the secondary cylinder 18 and the main cylinder 14. A sealing rod 22 is installed at the bottom end of the secondary piston 20. The bottom end of the sealing rod 22 passes through the secondary cylinder 18 and is fixedly connected to the inner cover 12. A T-shaped locking pin 23 is slidably connected inside the piston cylinder 19. A secondary spring 24 is sleeved on the T-shaped locking pin 23. A secondary oil passage 25 connects the piston cylinder 19 and the main oil passage 21. A countersunk locking hole 26 adapted to the T-shaped locking pin 23 is opened on the tank body 1. The axes of the T-shaped locking pin 23 and the countersunk locking hole 26 are both perpendicular to the axis of the tank body 1; In a preferred embodiment, the area of ​​the secondary piston 20 is 1.5 times the area of ​​the main piston 16; This structure utilizes the internal pressure of tank 1 to achieve a linkage between locking and enhanced sealing, without the need for external power; When the pressure inside the tank 1 increases, the medium inside the tank 1 enters the bottom of the main cylinder 14 through the pressure guide pipe 15, pushing the main piston 16 to move upward along the axis and compressing the main spring 17. The hydraulic oil in the main cylinder 14 is simultaneously transported to the auxiliary cylinder 18 and the auxiliary oil passage 25 through the main oil passage 21. The hydraulic oil in the auxiliary cylinder 18 pushes the auxiliary piston 20 downward, which in turn drives the inner cover 12 to be pressed down further through the sealing rod 22. At the same time, the hydraulic oil in the auxiliary oil circuit 25 enters the piston cylinder 19, pushing the T-shaped locking pin 23 to extend radially and insert into the countersunk locking hole 26 of the tank body 1, thereby achieving axial locking between the outer cover 3 and the tank body 1. When the pressure inside the tank 1 is emptied, the main spring 17 releases its elastic potential energy, pushes the main piston 16 to return downward, the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic circuit flows back, and the auxiliary spring 24 in the piston cylinder 19 pulls the T-shaped locking pin 23 to return, disengage from the countersunk locking hole 26, and release the axial lock. By using the self-driven design of the internal pressure of tank 1, external power components such as hydraulic pumps are eliminated, achieving the dual goals of energy saving and structural simplification. The area of ​​the auxiliary piston 20 is 1.5 times that of the main piston 16, which can amplify the hydraulic thrust and ensure that the T-shaped locking pin 23 is reliably locked and effectively pressed down with the inner cover 12; The guide rod 45 on the top surface of the main piston 16 prevents the main piston 16 from rotating, ensuring smooth hydraulic transmission. This solves the problems of traditional interlocking mechanisms requiring additional power and insufficient locking force, thus improving the reliability and stability of the mechanism. It also includes a brake cylinder 27 that communicates with the inner cavity of the tank body 1. A brake piston 28 is slidably connected inside the brake cylinder 27, and a return spring 29 is provided between the two. An interlocking toothed plate 30 that meshes with the toothed ring 9 is installed on the brake piston 28.

[0022] The tail end of the brake cylinder 27 is connected to a pressure conduit 43, which is fixedly connected to the outer cover 3. A pressure gauge is installed on the pressure conduit 43, and a corrugated metal section is provided on the pressure conduit 43. The tail end of the pressure conduit 43 is connected to a through pipe 44. The pressure guide pipe 15 is slidably connected to the inner cover 12 and is connected to the inner cavity of the tank 1 when the outer cover 3 is closed in the tank 1. This structure creates a third locking and pressure monitoring mechanism for the outer cover 3; When the pressure inside the tank 1 increases, the medium inside the tank 1 enters the brake cylinder 27 through the pressure guide pipe 15 and the pressure guide pipe 43, pushing the brake piston 28 to move axially, causing the interlocking tooth plate 30 on the brake piston 28 to mesh with the tooth ring 9 of the outer cover 3, further restricting the rotational freedom of the outer cover 3, and forming a triple lock of the ring lock groove 5, the one-way pawl 7, and the brake cylinder 27; The pressure gauge on the pressure conduit 43 monitors the pressure inside the brake cylinder 27 in real time, indirectly reflecting the pressure status inside the tank 1, which makes it easier for operators to grasp the equipment pressure status. When the outer cover 3 is raised, lowered, or rotated, the corrugated metal section of the pressure conduit 43 can deform flexibly to adapt to the displacement of the cover, thus avoiding damage to the pressure conduit 43 due to rigid tension. After the pressure inside the tank 1 is released, the medium pressure inside the brake cylinder 27 disappears, the brake piston 28 resets, the interlocking tooth plate 30 disengages from the tooth ring 9, and the rotation restriction is released. The triple locking mechanism significantly improves the locking safety of pressure vessels and avoids the risks caused by a single locking failure. The pressure gauge enables real-time monitoring of the pressure inside tank 1; It also includes a pressure relief cylinder 35 installed on the outer cover 3. A transmission screw 36 is rotatably connected inside the pressure relief cylinder 35 via a bearing. A pressure relief piston 37 is driven and connected to the transmission screw 36. The tail end of the pressure relief cylinder 35 is connected to a pressure regulating pipe 38. The other end of the pressure regulating pipe 38 is connected to a main oil circuit 21. A handwheel is installed at the tail end of the transmission screw 36.

[0023] This structure provides a manual emergency unlocking function for the hydraulic interlocking mechanism, and its working process is as follows: Under normal operating conditions, the hydraulic interlocking mechanism is driven to lock or reset by the pressure inside tank 1; When an abnormal situation occurs, such as after the pressure inside tank 1 is emptied, but there is still residual pressure in the hydraulic oil circuit, causing the T-shaped locking pin 23 to fail to reset, the operator can turn the handwheel at the tail of the pressure relief cylinder 35 to drive the transmission screw 36 to rotate. Through the threaded transmission, the pressure relief piston 37 is driven to move axially along the pressure relief cylinder 35. The movement of the pressure relief piston 37 can release the residual hydraulic oil in the main oil circuit 21 through the pressure regulating pipeline 38. When the hydraulic pressure drops to atmospheric pressure, the auxiliary spring 24 inside the piston cylinder 19 can pull the T-shaped locking pin 23 to reset, disengage from the countersunk locking hole 26, and achieve manual unlocking. This structure compensates for the emergency deficiencies of purely pressure-driven interlocking mechanisms and solves the problem of locking mechanism jamming caused by residual pressure. The manually operated handwheel design is simple and easy to use, requiring no special tools, ensuring that operators can quickly unlock it in an emergency; This structure enables dual control of automatic pressure drive and manual emergency protection, improving the operational flexibility and safety of the equipment under abnormal working conditions and avoiding difficulties in opening the cover due to mechanism jamming.

[0024] The specific steps for using this invention are as follows: When the pressure vessel device with the self-locking quick-opening mechanism of the present invention is working, the lifting frame 31 is first driven to move vertically by the hydraulic cylinders 32 symmetrically arranged on the tank body 1, which drives the cover frame 2 and the outer cover 3 to move away from or closer to the tank body 1 to realize the lifting of the outer cover 3. When it is necessary to rotate to lock or unlock, the rotary motor 33 on the lifting frame 31 can drive the cover frame 2 to rotate. When operating manually, the rotation can also be assisted by the symmetrical handles 39 on the outer cover 3. When the outer cover 3 rotates in the locking direction, the fan-shaped locking strip 10 on its lower ring edge will gradually insert into the top ring locking groove 5 of the tank body 1 and the upper ring edge fan-shaped locking plate 6. When the protruding limiting platform 11 at the tail of the locking strip 10 contacts the locking plate 6, it will rotate into place. At the same time, the one-way pawl 7 on the cover frame 2 will engage with the toothed ring 9 of the outer cover 3 under the pre-tightening force of the torsion spring 8 to prevent the outer cover 3 from rotating in the opposite direction, thus forming a double mechanical lock. In the sealing process, the fluororubber main sealing ring 13 on the bottom surface of the inner cover 12 is first embedded into the countersunk sealing ring groove 41 of the tank body 1. When the pressure inside the tank body 1 increases, the inner cover 12 moves down under the pressure, further compressing the main sealing ring 13, and forming a double self-adaptive seal with the fluororubber secondary sealing ring 42 on the outer periphery of the inner cover 12. The hydraulic interlocking mechanism starts synchronously. The pressure inside the tank 1 enters the main cylinder 14 at the axis of the outer cover 3 through the pressure guide pipe 15, pushing the main piston 16 to move upward and compress the main spring 17. The hydraulic oil in the main cylinder 14 enters the auxiliary cylinder 18 through the main oil passage 21, pushing the auxiliary piston 20 to move downward and further pressing the inner cover 12 through the sealing pressure rod 22. At the same time, the hydraulic oil enters the piston cylinder 19 through the auxiliary oil passage 25, pushing the T-shaped locking pin 23 to extend and insert into the countersunk locking hole 26 of the tank 1, realizing the axial locking of the outer cover 3 and the tank 1. In addition, the pressure inside the tank 1 enters the brake cylinder 27 through the pressure guide pipe 15 and the pressure conduit 43 with the corrugated metal section, pushing the brake piston 28 to drive the interlocking tooth plate 30 to mesh with the tooth ring 9 of the outer cover 3, forming a triple lock. The pressure gauge on the pressure conduit 43 monitors the pressure inside the tank 1 in real time. When unlocking, first, the pressure inside the tank 1 is emptied through the electromagnetic pressure relief valve 4. The main spring 17 pushes the main piston 16 to reset, the hydraulic oil flows back, the auxiliary spring 24 inside the piston cylinder 19 pulls the T-shaped locking pin 23 to disengage from the countersunk locking hole 26, the return spring 29 inside the brake cylinder 27 pulls the brake piston 28 to disengage the interlocking tooth plate 30 from the tooth ring 9, and then the pawl paddle on the one-way pawl 7 is manually moved to disengage it from the tooth ring 9. The outer cover 3 rotates in the opposite direction to reset under the action of its own torsion spring 8. When residual pressure in the hydraulic circuit causes the T-shaped locking pin 23 to become stuck, the handwheel at the tail of the pressure relief cylinder 35 of the outer cover 3 can be rotated, and the pressure relief piston 37 is driven to move through the transmission screw 36. The residual pressure is released through the pressure regulating pipeline 38, ensuring that the T-shaped locking pin 23 is successfully reset to complete the unlocking.

[0025] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressure vessel apparatus having a self-locking quick opening mechanism, comprising a tank body (1), a cover frame (2) and an outer cover (3), the outer cover (3) being able to be lifted and rotated relative to the tank body (1), characterized in that, The tank body (1) is connected to the electromagnetic pressure relief valve (4) and the top array is equipped with a locking plate (6). The cover frame (2) is rotatably connected to the outer cover (3) and the one-way pawl (7). The rotatable connection between the cover frame (2), the outer cover (3) and the one-way pawl (7) is equipped with a torsion spring (8). The outer cover (3) is equipped with a toothed ring (9). The lower ring edge of the outer cover (3) is equipped with a locking strip (10). It also includes an inner cover (12), a main sealing ring (13) is installed on the bottom surface of the inner cover (12), a main cylinder (14) is provided at the axis of the outer cover (3), a pressure guide pipe (15) is connected to the bottom end of the main cylinder (14) and is slidably connected to the inner cover (12), a main piston (16) is slidably connected inside the main cylinder (14), a main spring (17) is provided between the two, and four hydraulic interlocking mechanisms are connected on the main cylinder (14); The hydraulic interlocking mechanism includes a secondary cylinder (18) and a piston cylinder (19) installed on the outer cover (3). A secondary piston (20) is slidably connected inside the secondary cylinder (18). A main oil circuit (21) is connected between the secondary cylinder (18) and the main cylinder (14). A sealing rod (22) is installed at the bottom end of the secondary piston (20). The bottom end of the sealing rod (22) is fixedly connected to the inner cover (12). A T-shaped locking pin (23) is slidably connected inside the piston cylinder (19). A secondary spring (24) is sleeved on the T-shaped locking pin (23). A secondary oil circuit (25) is connected between the piston cylinder (19) and the main oil circuit (21). A countersunk locking hole (26) adapted to the T-shaped locking pin (23) is opened on the tank body (1). It also includes a brake cylinder (27) that communicates with the inner cavity of the tank (1). A brake piston (28) is slidably connected inside the brake cylinder (27), and a return spring (29) is provided between the two. An interlocking tooth plate (30) that meshes with the toothed ring (9) is installed on the brake piston (28).

2. A pressure vessel apparatus having a self-latching quick-opening mechanism according to claim 1, wherein It also includes a lifting frame (31), on which two symmetrically arranged hydraulic cylinders (32) are installed. The piston ends of the two hydraulic cylinders (32) are fixedly connected to the lifting frame (31). A rotary motor (33) is installed on the lifting frame (31). The output shaft end of the rotary motor (33) is fixedly connected to the cover frame (2) by bolts. A guide arc groove (34) is provided on the cover frame (2). A positioning rod that is slidably connected to the guide arc groove (34) is installed on the lifting frame (31).

3. A pressure vessel device with a self-locking quick-opening mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pressure relief cylinder (35) installed on the outer cover (3). The pressure relief cylinder (35) is rotatably connected to a transmission screw (36) through a bearing. A pressure relief piston (37) is connected to the transmission screw (36). The tail end of the pressure relief cylinder (35) is connected to a pressure regulating pipe (38). The other end of the pressure regulating pipe (38) is connected to a main oil circuit (21). A handwheel is installed at the tail end of the transmission screw (36).

4. A pressure vessel device with a self-locking quick-opening mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two symmetrically arranged handles (39) are installed on the outer cover (3). A limiting groove (40) is opened on the cover frame (2). A limiting rod that is slidably connected to the limiting groove (40) is fixedly installed on the outer cover (3). A ratchet paddle is installed on the one-way ratchet (7). A ring lock groove (5) is opened on the top of the tank body (1). The locking plate (6) is installed on the upper ring edge of the ring lock groove (5).

5. A pressure vessel device with a self-locking quick-opening mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking plate (6) and the locking strip (10) are both fan-shaped structures. The arc length of the locking plate (6) and the locking strip (10) are adapted. Each locking strip (10) has a raised limiting platform (11) at its tail. The axes of the T-shaped locking pin (23) and the countersunk locking hole (26) are perpendicular to the axis of the tank body (1).

6. A pressure vessel device with a self-locking quick-opening mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, A countersunk sealing ring groove (41) is provided on the tank body (1) at the position corresponding to the inner side of the ring locking groove (5). The countersunk sealing ring groove (41) is adapted to be connected to the main sealing ring (13). The main sealing ring (13) is made of fluororubber. The height of the main sealing ring (13) is 0.4 times to 0.6 times the vertical distance between the ring locking groove (5) and the countersunk sealing ring groove (41). A sealing sub-ring (42) is installed on the outer periphery of the inner cover (12).

7. A pressure vessel device with a self-locking quick-opening mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tail end of the brake cylinder (27) is connected to a pressure conduit (43), which is fixedly connected to the outer cover (3). A pressure gauge is installed on the pressure conduit (43), and a corrugated metal section is provided on the pressure conduit (43). The tail end of the pressure conduit (43) is connected to a through pipe (44), which is slidably connected to the inner cover (12) and communicates with the inner cavity of the tank (1).

8. A pressure vessel device with a self-locking quick-opening mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The area of ​​the auxiliary piston (20) is 1.4 to 1.7 times that of the main piston (16). A guide rod (45) is installed on the top surface of the main piston (16), and the guide rod (45) is slidably connected to the main cylinder (14).

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