Blasting structure for pillar extraction in top slicing mining method

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of upward slicing filling mining method pillar stoping blasting structure, upward slicing filling mining method pillar stoping blasting structure includes filling body, bottom column, filling part, stemming, detonator, detonating cord and explosive;Filling body is located above bottom column, the bottom of bottom column is equipped with upward extending blasthole, the distance between the bottom of blasthole and filling body is 30~50cm;Filling part is located in blasthole and is in abutment with the bottom of blasthole, and the length of filling part is 30~50cm;Stemming is located in blasthole and is close to the entrance of blasthole setting;Detonator is located in blasthole and is located between stemming and filling part;One end of detonating cord is located outside blasthole, and the other end is located in blasthole and is connected with detonator. The pillar stoping blasting structure of the application is used to blast and stop mining bottom column, on the basis of realizing the full stop mining of bottom column, the obtained bottom column ore dilution rate is only 1%, and filling body does not appear to fall in the process of shovel ore.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to underground mining, and in particular to a bottom pillar blasting structure for upward layered filling mining method. Background Technology

[0002] The current upward layered backfilling mining method includes the following steps:

[0003] At least one layer of ore body is reserved as a base pillar in the mine. This serves to support the upper rock strata, protect the lower mine passage, and maintain the stability of the stope, ensuring the stability of subsequent blasting and backfilling operations. The number and location of the base pillars need to be determined based on the specific conditions of the mine and the mining plan. For example, it can be determined based on the number of mining starting points. When there is only one mining starting point at the bottom of the mine, a layer of ore body needs to be reserved as a base pillar at the bottom. When there are two mining starting points at the bottom and the middle, a layer of ore body needs to be reserved as a base pillar at both the bottom and the middle.

[0004] During mining, the process generally begins with the first layer of ore above the bottom pillar and proceeds upwards layer by layer. After each layer is mined, it should be backfilled to form a stable backfill before mining the next layer of ore above the backfill. This process continues until the ore above the bottom pillar is mined or until the ore between the two bottom pillars is mined. Then, the bottom pillar is mined back.

[0005] Through extensive practical experience, the inventors discovered that the current bottom pillar mining process often encounters the following problems: blasting easily loosens and collapses the backfill material above the bottom pillar, which not only leads to ore dilution, resulting in a dilution rate of up to 12%, but also causes the backfill material to collapse during the ore removal process, causing equipment damage and affecting on-site construction safety. Utility Model Content

[0006] Based on this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a bottom pillar mining blasting structure for upward layered filling mining. By using the bottom pillar mining blasting structure of this application to blast and mine the bottom pillar, the bottom pillar ore dilution rate is only 1% while achieving full mining of the bottom pillar, and no filling body collapse occurs during the ore removal process.

[0007] A bottom pillar blasting structure for upward layered backfilling mining includes a backfill body, a bottom pillar, a filling section, stemming material, a detonator, a detonating cord, and explosives. The backfill body is located above the bottom pillar, and the bottom of the bottom pillar has an upwardly extending blast hole, the distance between the bottom of the blast hole and the backfill body is 30-50 cm. The filling section is located inside the blast hole and abuts against the bottom of the blast hole, the length of the filling section is 30-50 cm. The stemming material is located inside the blast hole and is positioned near the entrance of the blast hole. The detonator is located inside the blast hole and between the stemming material and the filling section. One end of the detonating cord is located outside the blast hole, and the other end is located inside the blast hole and connected to the detonator.

[0008] The upward layered filling mining method bottom pillar blasting structure of this utility model uses the bottom pillar blasting blasting structure of this application to blast and mine the bottom pillar. On the basis of achieving full mining of the bottom pillar, the dilution rate of the bottom pillar ore is only 1%, and no filling body collapse occurs during the ore removal process.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottom column includes a grooved area and a side-blasting area. The hole spacing in the grooved area is 1.15-1.25m, and the hole spacing in the side-blasting area is 1.4-1.6m.

[0010] Furthermore, the distance between the stemming material in the grooved area and the borehole inlet is 0.95-1.05m, and the distance between the stemming material in the side-blasting area and the borehole inlet is 1.35-1.45m.

[0011] Furthermore, the distance between the bottom of the blast hole and the filling body is 50cm, the hole spacing of the blast holes located in the grooved area is 1.2m, the hole spacing of the blast holes located in the side blasting area is 1.5m, the distance between the blasting mud and the blast hole inlet located in the grooved area is 1m, and the distance between the blasting mud and the blast hole inlet located in the side blasting area is 1.4m.

[0012] Furthermore, the blast hole located in the grooved area is equipped with one detonator, and the blast hole located in the side blasting area is equipped with two detonators.

[0013] Furthermore, within the side blast zone, the detonating cords of adjacent blast holes are interconnected.

[0014] Furthermore, the filling part is a bamboo pole.

[0015] Furthermore, the base post is also provided with an upwardly extending probe hole that penetrates the base post. By providing the probe hole, it is beneficial to determine the thickness of the base post and to ensure that the distance between the bottom of the borehole and the filling material meets expectations.

[0016] Furthermore, a probe hole is provided every two columns of the blast holes.

[0017] Furthermore, the diameter of the borehole is 50–52 mm.

[0018] To better understand and implement this invention, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom pillar blasting method in the upward layered filling mining method according to one embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the blast hole in the side blast zone;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the blast hole in the grooved area;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure viewed from 240m underground.

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at X = 8387;

[0024] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at X = 8393;

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at Y=2680;

[0026] Figure 8 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at Y=2660;

[0027] Among them, the filling body 1, the bottom column 2, the blast hole 21, the filling part 3, the stemming mud 4, the detonator 5, the detonating cord 6, and the explosive 7. Detailed Implementation

[0028] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.

[0029] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0030] In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0032] It should be understood that the embodiments of this application are not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from their scope. The scope of the embodiments of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

[0033] This utility model relates to the bottom pillar blasting structure for the upward layered filling mining method. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1-3The system includes a filling body 1, a base pillar 2, a filling section 3, stemming clay 4, a detonator 5, a detonating cord 6, and explosives 7. The filling body 1 is located above the base pillar 2. The bottom of the base pillar 2 has upward-extending blast holes 21. The distance between the bottom of the blast holes 21 and the filling body 1 is 30-50cm. When determining the arrangement of the blast holes 21, the stope is generally divided into a side blasting zone and a slotting zone. The spacing of the blast holes 21 in the slotting zone needs to be controlled at 1.15-1.25m, and the spacing of the blast holes 21 in the side blasting zone needs to be controlled at 1.4-1.6m. In actual operation, the slotting zone is arranged by manual slotting. It is preferred that the spacing of the blast holes 21 in the slotting zone is 1.2m, and the spacing of the blast holes 21 in the side blasting zone is 1.5m. The filling section 3 is located inside the blast holes 21 and is connected to the bottom pillar 2. The bottom of 1 is abutted, and the length of the filling part 3 is 30-50cm; the stemming clay 4 is located inside the borehole 21 and is set close to the entrance of the borehole 21; the detonator 5 is located inside the borehole 21 and between the stemming clay 4 and the filling part; one end of the detonating cord 6 is located outside the borehole 21, and the other end is located inside the borehole 21 and connected to the detonator 5; when loading the explosive, the distance between the stemming clay 4 in the grooved area and the entrance of the borehole 21 is controlled at 0.95-1.05m, preferably controlled at 1m, and the distance between the stemming clay 4 in the side detonation area and the entrance of the borehole 21 is controlled at 1.35-1.45m, preferably controlled at 1.4m. Only one detonator 5 is installed in the borehole 21 in the grooved area, and two detonators 5 are installed in the borehole 21 in the side detonation area. In addition, the detonating cords 6 of adjacent boreholes 21 in the side detonation area are connected to each other. Using the blasting structure for bottom pillar 2 mining as described in this application, the bottom pillar 2 is fully mined, and the resulting ore dilution rate is only 1%, with no collapse of the backfill body 1 during the ore removal process. In contrast, the ore expansion rate obtained using traditional blasting structures is generally above 12%.

[0034] To demonstrate the application of the upward layered filling mining method's bottom pillar 2 mining blasting structure described in this utility model during actual operation, an embodiment of this utility model illustrates a bottom pillar 2 mining method. This method is used to mine the N2# bottom pillar 2 and N2-3# bottom pillar 2 at the Sh-240m level. The hanging wall and footwall of the ore body are mainly composed of striped nodular limestone (D3tb), with high clay content, low band cementation, and easily weathered, highly fractured rock. The ore body is mainly a dense, massive pyrite-lead-zinc ore body, with localized fracture. The local structure of the mine and blast hole 21 can be found in [reference needed]. Figures 4-8 The bottom pillar 2 mining method includes the following steps: Preliminary preparations such as bottom pulling, cutting, and edge finding are carried out for the target bottom pillar 2, forming a bottom pillar 2 pulling roadway at the bottom of bottom pillar 2. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4Based on the conditions of the stope and pillar 2, pillar 2 is divided into a fenced area, a side blasting area, a slotting area, and another side blasting area in sequence, and blasted in three stages. The areas of the three blasting stages are demarcated by blasting boundaries. Then, a deep-hole trolley is sent into the bottom-pulling roadway. In the area of ​​the first blasting stage, exploratory holes are first opened to explore the ore body before blasting holes 21 are opened and charged. When opening blasting holes 21, transverse blasting holes 21 are opened on both sides of the bottom pillar 2 bottom-pulling roadway, oblique blasting holes 21 are opened on the bottom pillar 2 diagonally above the bottom-pulling roadway, and blasting holes 21 are opened on the bottom pillar 2 directly above the bottom-pulling roadway, referring to the bottom pillar 2 mining blasting structure of the upward layered filling mining method described in this application. The diameter of blasting holes 21 is 50-52mm. After the blasting holes 21 are opened, refer to the following for details. Figures 2-3 According to the upward layered filling mining method described in this application, the bottom pillar 2 is mined by blasting structure. After the charge is completed, blasting is carried out, and the ore is recovered after the blasting is completed. Then, the areas of the second blast and the third blast are opened, charged, blasted and the ore is recovered in sequence to complete the mining of the bottom pillar 2. According to statistics, the overall dilution rate is only 10.6%.

[0035] By employing the upward layered filling mining method and bottom pillar blasting structure described in this utility model embodiment, the inventors have also completed the safe mining of over 90,000 tons of ore in more than 30 mining areas, including Jb-80m 8# bottom pillar 2, Jb-200m 7~9# bottom pillar 2, Sh-200m 2# bottom pillar 2, Sh-55m N10N bottom pillar 2, Sh-600m N10# bottom pillar 2, Shd-120m 3~10# bottom pillar 2, Sh-240m S2# auxiliary bottom pillar 2, Sh-320m N5-6# bottom pillar 2, Sh-320m N7# bottom pillar 2, Sh-550m N0#N bottom pillar 2, Shn-360m 209# middle bottom pillar 2, Shn-360m N9-10# bottom pillar 2, and Shn-455m 214#N bottom pillar 2.

[0036] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of this utility model, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and this utility model also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A bottom pillar blasting structure for upward layered filling mining method, characterized in that, The device includes a filling body, a base column, a filling section, stemming material, a detonator, a detonating cord, and explosives. The filling body is located above the base column, and the bottom of the base column has an upwardly extending borehole. The distance between the bottom of the borehole and the filling body is 30-50 cm. The filling section is located inside the borehole and abuts against the bottom of the borehole. The length of the filling section is 30-50 cm. The stemming material is located inside the borehole and is positioned near the entrance of the borehole. The detonator is located inside the borehole and between the stemming material and the filling section. One end of the detonating cord is located outside the borehole, and the other end is located inside the borehole and connected to the detonator.

2. The bottom pillar blasting structure for upward layered filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base column includes a grooved area and a side-blasting area. The spacing between the blast holes in the grooved area is 1.15-1.25m, and the spacing between the blast holes in the side-blasting area is 1.4-1.6m.

3. The bottom pillar blasting structure for upward layered filling mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The distance between the stemming material in the grooved area and the borehole inlet is 0.95-1.05m, and the distance between the stemming material in the side-blasting area and the borehole inlet is 1.35-1.45m.

4. The bottom pillar blasting structure for upward layered filling mining method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The distance between the bottom of the blast hole and the filling body is 50cm. The distance between the blast holes in the grooved area is 1.2m. The distance between the blast holes in the side blasting area is 1.5m. The distance between the blasting mud in the grooved area and the blast hole inlet is 1m. The distance between the blasting mud in the side blasting area and the blast hole inlet is 1.4m.

5. The bottom pillar blasting structure for upward layered filling mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that, A blast hole located in the grooved area is equipped with one detonator, and a blast hole located in the side blasting area is equipped with two detonators.

6. The bottom pillar blasting structure for upward layered filling mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Within the side blast zone, the detonating cords of adjacent blast holes are interconnected.

7. The bottom pillar blasting structure for upward layered filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling part is made of bamboo.

8. The bottom pillar blasting structure for upward layered filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base column is also provided with an upwardly extending inspection hole, which is set through the base column.

9. The bottom pillar blasting structure for upward layered filling mining method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Every two columns of the blast holes are provided with one of the probe holes.

10. The bottom pillar blasting structure for upward layered filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the borehole is 50-52 mm.

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