A dam surface displacement monitoring device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of embankment water face displacement monitoring devices, including fixing, anchor rod and measuring component, fixing is fixedly installed in embankment top, anchor rod is inserted in embankment water face, the measuring component includes chain arrangement's tensioner, displacement meter and connecting rod, tensioner upper end is connected with fixing, lower end is connected with displacement meter, connecting rod upper end is connected with displacement meter, lower end is connected with anchor rod.Connecting rod is formed by multiple rod units, connecting rod is equipped with limit ring, connecting rod, limit ring is housed in sleeve, sleeve is fixedly connected on support frame.The utility model device structure is simple, is suitable for a large number of layout and can be continuously monitored, substantially improve the efficiency of embankment water face displacement monitoring;Connecting rod formed by rod unit makes device can be used for different embankment, enhances the adaptability of device;Device includes sleeve, limit ring and support frame, increase the stability of device structure while improving measurement accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of dam collapse early warning and monitoring technology, specifically relating to a dam water-facing surface displacement monitoring device. Background Technology

[0002] When the water-facing side of a dike or dam constructed of earth and stone is constantly pounded by waves, the internal filling material is easily loosened and lost due to erosion and corrosion, leading to voids and eventual collapse. Dike collapse is a common form of damage and a major hazard. Because the formation of voids due to wave action is a gradual process, it's difficult to detect potential problems through manual inspections by maintenance personnel. However, collapse can occur rapidly, often catching people off guard and potentially causing massive flooding. To prevent collapse, continuous and efficient monitoring of the water-facing side is crucial to promptly identify and reinforce potential risk areas. Current research on dike monitoring focuses primarily on seepage and settlement, while monitoring the downward sliding displacement of the water-facing side is less important for identifying collapse risks. The current mainstream method for monitoring the displacement of the water-facing surface is to have professional surveyors regularly observe the water-facing surface of different areas of the dam using specialized surveying equipment such as levels, theodolites, and total stations, or comprehensive observation platforms such as laser collimation observation systems and GPS displacement observation systems. This method requires a great deal of manpower and resources.

[0003] In addition, some researchers have proposed methods for monitoring dam displacement using image recognition, such as Chinese patent application number 202410152886.5, entitled "A Non-Contact Method, System, Equipment and Medium for Monitoring Displacement of Earth-Rock Dams," and Chinese patent application number 202011409045.6, entitled "A Method for Monitoring Displacement of Mountain Pond Dams Based on Image Recognition." Both of these methods identify dam displacement changes by comparing pixel features in dam images at different times. While both methods can achieve continuous and efficient monitoring of the water-facing surface displacement, they require deploying a large number of cameras along the dam, and the image recognition algorithm requires a certain development period, resulting in significant initial investment. Therefore, proposing a monitoring device that can continuously and accurately monitor water-facing surface displacement, is easy to deploy on a large scale, and requires no high cost is of great significance for preventing dam collapse on the water-facing surface and preventing floods. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a device for monitoring the displacement of the water-facing side of a dam. By using this device to monitor the displacement of the water-facing side of a dam, only one fixed point needs to be set up on the top of the dam and on the water-facing side, and the displacement of the water-facing side can be monitored by measuring the distance between the two fixed points using a displacement meter.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows: A device for monitoring the displacement of the upstream side of a dam, wherein the measured data is transmitted to a data center for storage and analysis, includes a fixing component, an anchor rod, and a measuring component. The fixing component is fixedly installed on the top of the dam, and the anchor rod is inserted into the upstream side of the dam. Multiple components in the measuring component are arranged in a chain-like manner, with one end connected to the fixing component and the other end connected to the anchor rod. The measuring component includes a displacement gauge with a fixed end and a tension end at its two ends. The distance between the fixed end and the fixing component is constant, and the distance between the tension end and the anchor rod is constant. The fixed end and the tension end are always under tension. The displacement gauge is connected to the data center for signal transmission.

[0006] In any slope composed of earth and rocks, the flow of soil and rocks is greatest at the bottom when a landslide occurs. This flow decreases with increasing slope height until it disappears. Therefore, when measuring the displacement of the water-facing side of a dam, the top of the dam can be used as a reference point, and a point on the water-facing side closest to the water surface can be used as the measuring point. By monitoring the change in the distance between the reference point and the measuring point, the displacement of the water-facing side can be determined. Considering that the soil near the water surface is loose and the flow of soil and rocks is high, anchor bolts are installed at the measuring point to ensure that the measuring point can continuously move with the soil and rocks and is not easily buried by them.

[0007] In a further optimization, the measuring component also includes a connecting rod, the upper end of which is connected to the tension end of the displacement gauge, and the lower end of which is flexibly connected to the anchor rod; the connecting rod is a straight rod and includes multiple identical rod units.

[0008] Further optimization involves drilling a screw hole at one end and machining an external thread at the other end for all rod units. Both the screw hole and the external thread are collinear with the central axis of the rod unit, and the screw hole and the external thread are compatible. Any two adjacent rod units are threaded together.

[0009] Considering that dam dimensions and cross-sectional shapes vary in practical applications, and the water levels they block also differ, the distance between the fixing components and the anchor rods needs to be determined based on the specific scenario. To facilitate adjustment of the connecting rod's dimensions, the connecting rod is designed to consist of multiple rod units. Screw holes and external threads are provided at both ends of each rod unit to facilitate connection. When assembling the connecting rod, simply tighten the two rod units to connect them threadedly. Because soil and rock flow may change the anchor rod's extension direction, to prevent damage at the connection between the connecting rod and the anchor rod, or to avoid subjecting the measuring components to excessive stress, the lower end of the connecting rod is flexibly connected to the anchor rod.

[0010] Further optimizations include a sleeve, multiple limiting rings, and multiple support frames. All limiting rings are fitted onto the connecting rod and are collinear with the central axis of the connecting rod, and the inner edge of all limiting rings abuts against the connecting rod. The sleeve is fitted onto the connecting rod, and the outer edge of all limiting rings abuts against the inner surface of the sleeve. All support frames are fixed to the water-facing surface of the dam, and all support frames are fixedly connected to the sleeve. The connecting rod can slide along its extension direction, and the sleeve and the connecting rod always maintain the collinearity of their central axes.

[0011] Because the connecting rod is located on the water-facing side, it is frequently subjected to the impact of waves. Without proper securing, it would sway under the influence of the waves, affecting the displacement gauge's measurement accuracy. Prolonged swaying could also lead to fatigue fracture of the connecting parts in the measuring assembly. To prevent the connecting rod from swaying, the device incorporates a sleeve, a limiting ring, and a support frame. With the sleeve fixed in position, the connecting rod, constrained by the limiting ring, can only slide along its extension direction. This increases the overall stability of the device and improves the displacement measurement accuracy.

[0012] Further optimization includes a tensioner, with its upper end connected to a fixing element and its lower end connected to the fixed end of the displacement gauge.

[0013] To ensure that the overall length of the measuring assembly precisely matches the distance between the fixing component and the anchor rod, not only must the length of the connecting rod be adjustable, but the measuring assembly must also include other components with a certain degree of elasticity, or the distance between adjacent components within the measuring assembly must be adjustable. To ensure that the displacement gauge's measurement results are not affected by the elasticity of the measuring assembly after installation, the measuring assembly must include a tensioner to ensure that the measuring assembly is in a taut state after installation.

[0014] Further optimization includes a threaded hole at the upper end of the connecting rod and an external thread at the lower end. The displacement gauge tension end has a first connecting block with an external thread, which is threaded to the upper end of the connecting rod. The measuring component includes a second connecting block with a threaded hole drilled in it, which is threaded to the lower end of the connecting rod and flexibly connected to the anchor rod. The tensioner is flexibly connected to the fixing component at the upper end and to the fixed end of the displacement gauge at the lower end.

[0015] The flexible connection between multiple components in the measurement assembly allows the overall length of the measurement assembly to be greater than the distance between the fixing component and the anchor rod, preventing the components from being unable to be connected or difficult to connect during installation due to measurement errors. After the connection is completed, the tensioner can be used to put all components in the measurement assembly into a tensioned state.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: 1. The monitoring device of this utility model has a simple structure, is suitable for various types of dams and can be deployed in large numbers, and can perform continuous monitoring, which greatly improves the efficiency of monitoring the displacement of the water-facing side of the dam. 2. The device includes connecting rods and tensioners composed of rod units, enabling it to be used on dams of different sizes and cross-sectional shapes, thus enhancing its environmental adaptability; 3. The device includes a sleeve, a limiting ring, and a support frame, which increases the overall structural stability of the device and improves measurement accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dam water-facing surface displacement monitoring device. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Example 1: A dam water-facing displacement monitoring device includes a fixing component 1, a tensioner 2, a displacement gauge 3, a connecting rod 4, and an anchor rod 8. The fixing component 1 is a concrete pier cast on the top of the dam. A first hook is fixedly installed on the side of the concrete pier facing the water. The displacement gauge 3 has a fixed end and a tension end at its two ends, respectively. The fixed end is provided with a second hook, and the tension end is provided with a first connecting block. The tensioner 2 has a pull ring at each end. The upper pull ring is sleeved on the first hook to achieve a fixed connection between the tensioner 2 and the concrete pier, and the lower pull ring is sleeved on the second hook to achieve a fixed connection between the tensioner 2 and the displacement gauge 3. Anchor bolt 8 is vertically inserted into the water-facing surface of the dam. A third hook is fixedly installed at its upper end. Connecting rod 4 is a straight rod made of alloy material and is distributed parallel to the water-facing surface of the dam. A second connecting block is fixedly installed at its lower end. The second connecting block has a connecting ring, and the third hook passes through this connecting ring to connect connecting rod 4 and anchor bolt 8. The upper end of connecting rod 4 is fixedly connected to the first connecting block to connect displacement gauge 3 and connecting rod 4. The overall structure of the monitoring device is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0019] The connecting rod 4 is composed of multiple rod units, all of which are identical in specifications. One end of each rod unit has a drilled threaded hole, and the other end has an external thread. The drilled hole and the external thread are compatible, and both are collinear with the central axis of the rod unit. Any two adjacent rod units are threaded together, with the drilled hole on top and the external thread on the bottom. The first connecting block also has an external thread and is threaded to the upper end of the connecting rod 4. The second connecting block has a drilled threaded hole and is threaded to the lower end of the connecting rod 4. A sleeve 5 and multiple limiting rings 6 are fitted onto the connecting rod 4. All limiting rings 6 are identical in specifications, made of rigid material, and collinear with the central axis of the connecting rod 4. The inner edges of all limiting rings 6 are fixedly connected to the connecting rod 4, and their outer edges abut against the inner surface of the sleeve 5. The limiting rings 6 and the sleeve 5 can slide relative to each other with approximately no friction. Multiple support frames 7 are fixedly installed on the water-facing surface of the dam. In this embodiment, all support frames 7 are strip-shaped concrete blocks of the same specifications. All concrete blocks are distributed in a linear array and extend in the vertical direction. Metal clamps are fixedly installed on the upper end of all concrete blocks. The metal clamps are clamped to the outer surface of the sleeve 5 to achieve a fixed connection between the concrete blocks and the sleeve 5.

[0020] In this embodiment, the monitoring system constructed for monitoring the displacement of the upstream face of a dam includes a data center and multiple monitoring devices. Before constructing the monitoring system, the upstream face of the dam to be monitored is divided into multiple areas, and a set of monitoring devices is deployed in each area. All displacement gauges 3 in the monitoring devices are connected to the data center, and the displacement gauges 3 upload the monitoring data to the data center in real time. When deploying the monitoring devices, the insertion positions of the anchor bolts 8 are first determined based on the specific conditions of the upstream face. Then, the required length of the connecting rod 4 is determined based on the distance of the anchor bolts 8 relative to the top of the dam, and the rod units are connected in series according to this length. Then, a concrete pier is poured at the top of the dam, and multiple strip-shaped concrete blocks are poured on the upstream face according to the placement positions of the connecting rods 4. The sleeve 5 is placed on the concrete blocks, and after the concrete dries, a limiting ring 6 is fitted onto the connecting rod 4. Then, the connecting rod 4 and the limiting ring 6 are inserted into the sleeve 5, and then... Figure 1 The structure shown connects the fixing component 1, tensioner 2, displacement gauge 3, connecting rod 4, and anchor rod 8. Finally, the tensioner 2 is adjusted so that the tension end of the displacement gauge 3 can move synchronously with the upper end of the anchor rod 8.

[0021] As the dam's internal filling material gradually erodes due to the impact of waves, a slight landslide may occur on the water-facing side. This phenomenon is difficult to discern with the naked eye but will be reflected in the displacement of anchor bolt 8, and the degree of displacement will be indicated by data obtained from displacement gauge 3. Maintenance personnel can identify potential risk areas based on the data obtained from displacement gauge 3 and, in conjunction with monitoring data from all areas, assess the overall safety of the dam.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring the displacement of the upstream side of a dam, wherein the data measured by the device is transmitted to a data center for storage and analysis, characterized in that: The device includes a fixing component (1), an anchor rod (8), and a measuring component. The fixing component (1) is fixedly installed on the top of the dam, and the anchor rod (8) is inserted into the water-facing surface of the dam. The measuring component has multiple components arranged in a chain. One end of the measuring component is connected to the fixing component (1), and the other end is connected to the anchor rod (8). The measuring component includes a displacement gauge (3), with a fixed end and a tension end at both ends. The distance between the fixed end and the fixing component (1) is constant, and the distance between the tension end and the anchor rod (8) is constant. The fixed end and the tension end are always in a tensioned state. The displacement gauge (3) is connected to the data center signal.

2. The dam water-facing surface displacement monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring assembly also includes a connecting rod (4), the upper end of which is connected to the tension end of the displacement gauge (3), and the lower end is flexibly connected to the anchor rod (8); the connecting rod (4) is a straight rod and includes multiple identical rod units.

3. The dam water-facing surface displacement monitoring device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: All rod units have a screw hole drilled at one end and an external thread machined at the other end. The screw hole and the external thread are collinear with the central axis of the rod unit, and the screw hole and the external thread are compatible. Any two adjacent rod units are threaded together.

4. The dam water-facing surface displacement monitoring device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a sleeve (5), multiple limiting rings (6) and multiple support frames (7). All limiting rings (6) are sleeved on the connecting rod (4) and are collinear with the central axis of the connecting rod (4). The inner edge of all limiting rings (6) abuts against the connecting rod (4). The sleeve (5) is sleeved on the connecting rod (4). The outer edge of all limiting rings (6) abuts against the inner surface of the sleeve (5). All support frames (7) are fixed on the water-facing surface of the dam. All support frames (7) are fixedly connected to the sleeve (5). The connecting rod (4) can slide along its extension direction. The sleeve (5) and the connecting rod (4) always maintain the collinearity of their central axes.

5. The dam water-facing surface displacement monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring assembly also includes a tensioner (2), the upper end of which is connected to the fixing member (1), and the lower end of which is connected to the fixed end of the displacement gauge (3).

6. The dam water-facing surface displacement monitoring device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The upper end of the connecting rod (4) has a threaded hole and the lower end has an external thread. The tension end of the displacement gauge (3) has a first connecting block with an external thread. The first connecting block is threaded to the upper end of the connecting rod (4). The measuring component includes a second connecting block with a threaded hole and threaded to the lower end of the connecting rod (4). The second connecting block is flexibly connected to the anchor rod (8). The upper end of the tensioner (2) is flexibly connected to the fixing part (1) and the lower end is flexibly connected to the fixed end of the displacement gauge (3).

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