Anthropomorphic test device

Abstract

The present utility model relates to an anthropomorphic testing device including a spine assembly defining a length extending between a top and a bottom, a neck assembly coupled to the top of the spine assembly, and a pelvis assembly coupled to the bottom of the spine assembly. The spine assembly includes a series of right link plates and a series of left link plates each spanning the length of the spine assembly and spaced apart from one another. Each left and right link plate has an upper cavity and a lower cavity. A plurality of first rods couple the upper cavity of each right link plate to the lower cavity of a corresponding left link plate, and a plurality of second rods couple the lower cavity of each right link plate to the upper cavity of a corresponding left link plate. The first and second rods are alternately arranged along the length of the spine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to a spinal component of an anthropomorphic testing device (ATD). Background Technology

[0002] Automobile, aircraft, and other transportation manufacturers conduct various crash tests to measure the impact of collisions on vehicles and their occupants, and to validate vehicle safety systems. Crash tests typically use anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs), commonly known as "crash test dummies," to estimate human injury risk and simulate the biomechanical response of the human body in an impact event. ATDs must possess the basic mechanical characteristics, dimensions, mass, joints, and joint stiffness of the target human body. Therefore, ATDs are designed to replicate the size, shape, weight distribution, and joint articulation of the human body, enabling researchers and engineers to assess injury risk and improve occupant protection strategies. Furthermore, they must possess sufficient mechanical impact response similarity and sensitivity to allow ATDs to interact with the interior of the vehicle in a human-like manner.

[0003] Accurate simulation of the complex movements and flexibility of the human spine is necessary, especially under dynamic load conditions. A lack of biomechanical fidelity can lead to incomplete or misleading data on spinal injuries, one of the most serious and unpredictable injuries in traffic accidents. Therefore, there is ongoing development in the field of improved ATD spinal systems that offer enhanced motion control, modularity, and adaptability to various testing scenarios. Utility Model Content

[0004] This disclosure relates to an anthropomorphic testing device (ATD) comprising a spinal assembly defined in length between a top and a bottom of the spinal assembly. The device also includes a cervical assembly coupled to the top of the spinal assembly and a pelvic assembly coupled to the bottom of the spinal assembly. The spinal assembly includes a series of right connecting plates and a series of left connecting plates, each of the series of right connecting plates and the series of left connecting plates spanning the length of the spinal assembly, the series of right connecting plates being spaced apart from the series of left connecting plates. Each of the series of right connecting plates defines a superior cavity and a inferior cavity spaced apart along the length, and each of the series of left connecting plates defines a superior cavity and a inferior cavity spaced apart along the length. Furthermore, the spinal assembly includes a plurality of first rods, each having a right end and a left end, wherein each of the plurality of first rods extends between one of the right connecting plates and one of the left connecting plates. The right end of the first rod is fitted into the superior cavity of the right connecting plate, and the left end of the first rod is fitted into the inferior cavity of the left connecting plate to partially connect the right and left connecting plates. Each of the plurality of second rods also has a right end and a left end, wherein each of the plurality of second rods extends between one of the right connecting plates and one of the left connecting plates. The right end of the second rod is fitted into the lower cavity of the right connecting plate, and the left end of the second rod is fitted into the upper cavity of the left connecting plate to partially connect the right and left connecting plates. Each first rod and each second rod are arranged alternately along the length of the spinal assembly.

[0005] A virtual anthropomorphic testing device is also provided, comprising a virtual spine assembly defined in length between the top and bottom of the virtual spine assembly. A virtual neck assembly is attached to the top of the virtual spine assembly, and a virtual pelvic assembly is attached to the bottom of the virtual spine assembly. The virtual spine assembly includes a series of virtual right connecting plates and a series of virtual left connecting plates, each spanning the length of the virtual spine assembly. The series of virtual right connecting plates is spaced apart from the series of virtual left connecting plates. Each virtual right connecting plate defines a superior cavity and a inferior cavity spaced apart along its length. Each virtual left connecting plate defines a superior cavity and a inferior cavity spaced apart along its length. The virtual spine assembly also includes a plurality of virtual first rods, each virtual first rod having a virtual right end and a virtual left end. Each virtual first rod extends between one of the virtual right connecting plates and one of the virtual left connecting plates. The virtual right end of each virtual first rod is mounted to the superior cavity of the virtual right connecting plate, and the virtual left end of each virtual first rod is mounted to the inferior cavity of the virtual left connecting plate to partially connect the virtual right connecting plates and the virtual left connecting plates. Multiple virtual second rods each have a virtual right end and a virtual left end, each extending between one of the virtual right connecting plates and one of the virtual left connecting plates. The virtual right end of each virtual second rod is fitted into the lower cavity of the virtual right connecting plate, and the virtual left end of each virtual second rod is fitted into the upper cavity of the virtual left connecting plate to partially connect the virtual right and virtual left connecting plates. Each virtual first rod and each virtual second rod are arranged alternately along the length of the virtual spine assembly.

[0006] Therefore, the device disclosed herein provides an improved ATD spine assembly with enhanced motion control, modularity, and adaptability to various testing scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0007] The advantages of this utility model will be more readily understood by referring to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0008] Figure 1 This is a front view of an anthropomorphic testing device, which includes a head assembly attached to a neck assembly and a pelvic assembly attached to the bottom of a spine assembly. The neck assembly is attached to the top of the spine assembly and is shown in shadow within a sheath.

[0009] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The front view of the anthropomorphic testing device includes a head assembly, a neck assembly, a spine assembly within a sheath, and the pelvic assembly has been removed.

[0010] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Another front view of the anthropomorphic testing device, which includes a head assembly connected to a neck assembly and a neck assembly connected to a spine assembly.

[0011] Figure 4 This is a left-side view of the neck component, which is attached to the top of the spine component, with the head component removed from its attachment to the neck component.

[0012] Figure 5 This is a left-side view of the spinal assembly that is attached to the cervical assembly.

[0013] Figure 6 This is a left-side view of a spinal assembly that includes a series of left-side connecting plates and multiple mounting plates spanning the length of the spinal assembly, which is defined between the top and bottom of the spinal assembly.

[0014] Figure 7 This is a right-side view of a spinal assembly that includes a series of right-link plates and the plurality of mounting plates spanning the length of the spinal assembly, which is defined between the top and bottom of the spinal assembly.

[0015] Figure 8 This is a right-side view of the first set of mounting plates with a right and left connecting plate, which includes multiple rods extending between the right and left connecting plates.

[0016] Figure 9 It is based on Figure 8 A partial exploded view of the first set of mounting plates.

[0017] Figure 10 It is a perspective view of the series of right connecting plates spaced apart from the series of left connecting plates, wherein a single right mounting plate and a single left mounting plate are connected to the rod.

[0018] Figure 11 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the mounting plates when they are placed between the right and left connecting plates along the length of the spinal assembly, with the ends of each mounting plate removed.

[0019] Figure 12 A right-side perspective view of the spine assembly is shown, with the mounting plate removed.

[0020] Figure 13 Is it like this? Figure 10 The left-side view of the spinal assembly shown illustrates two mounting plates.

[0021] Figure 14 Is it like this? Figure 10 The right-side view of the spinal assembly shown illustrates two mounting plates.

[0022] Figure 15 This is a perspective view of one of the mounting plates in the first set of mounting plates.

[0023] Figure 16 yes Figure 15 Side view of the mounting plate.

[0024] Figure 17 yes Figure 15 An exploded side view of the mounting plate shows a pair of buffer blocks removably attached to the mating surfaces of the mounting plate on opposite sides by fasteners.

[0025] Figure 18 yes Figure 15 Exploded front perspective view of the mounting plate.

[0026] Figure 19 It is a partial exploded perspective view of the buffer block.

[0027] Figure 20 This is a perspective view of one of the mounting plates in the second set of mounting plates.

[0028] Figure 21 yes Figure 20 Front perspective view of the mounting plate.

[0029] Figure 22 yes Figure 20 The front perspective view of the mounting plate shows the fastening mechanism for securing the buffer block to the mating surface of the mounting plate.

[0030] Figure 23 This is a right-side perspective view of the base block and the lower connecting mechanism that connects the bottom of the spinal assembly to the pelvic mounting plate, which in turn connects the spinal assembly to the pelvic assembly.

[0031] Figure 24 yes Figure 23 Left side view of the base block and lower connecting mechanism.

[0032] Figure 25 yes Figure 23 The right-side view of the base block.

[0033] Figure 26 yes Figure 25 A partial exploded view of the base block.

[0034] Figure 27 yes Figure 25 Another local exploded view of the base block.

[0035] Figure 28 This is a right perspective view of the upper mounting plate and upper connecting mechanism of the spinal assembly, which connects the cervical assembly to the top of the spinal assembly.

[0036] Figure 29 yes Figure 28 Left perspective view of the upper mounting plate and upper connecting mechanism.

[0037] Figure 30 yes Figure 28 Left perspective view of the upper mounting plate.

[0038] Figure 31 This is an enlarged right-side exploded perspective view of a part of the spine assembly, showing the mating surfaces at the ends of the rod and the non-circular shape of the rod ends.

[0039] Figure 32 This is an enlarged right-side perspective view of the spinal assembly, showing the superior and inferior cavities of the right connecting plate, which has a non-circular shape.

[0040] Figure 33 This is a partially exploded rear perspective view of the spinal assembly, showing the set screw extending through the right or left connecting plate and into the upper and lower cavities to engage the end of the rod.

[0041] Figure 34 This is an enlarged right-side perspective view of a portion of the spinal assembly, showing the arrangement of set screws in the upper and lower cavities of each of the right and left connecting plates.

[0042] Figure 35 This is a rear view of the spinal assembly.

[0043] Figure 36 This is the main view of the virtual anthropomorphic testing device, which includes a head component connected to a neck component and a neck component connected to a spine component.

[0044] Figure 37 This is a left-side cross-sectional view of the virtual sheath of the virtual anthropomorphic device, showing the virtual spine component within the virtual sheath.

[0045] Figure 38 yes Figure 37 The left perspective view of the virtual anthropomorphic device, in which part of the virtual sheath has been removed to reveal the virtual spine component.

[0046] Figure 39 This is a front partial cross-sectional view of multiple virtual mounting plates placed between the virtual left and virtual right connecting plates along the length of the virtual spine assembly of the virtual anthropomorphic device.

[0047] Figure 40 This is a left-side view of the virtual spine component of the virtual anthropomorphic device, with the virtual neck component attached to the top of the virtual spine component.

[0048] Figure 41 This is a partial perspective cross-section of the right side of the virtual mounting plate, which is placed between the virtual left and virtual right connecting plates, with the ends of the virtual mounting plate removed.

[0049] Figure 42 This is the front perspective view of the virtual mounting plate.

[0050] Figure 43This is a schematic diagram of a system for creating and evaluating virtual anthropomorphic test equipment. Detailed Implementation

[0051] This application relates to the spinal component of an anthropomorphic testing device (ATD). Refer to the accompanying drawings and in particular... Figures 1-3 An embodiment of an anthropomorphic testing device (ATD) (also known as a crash test dummy) is typically indicated by 10. The ATD 10 shown is of the female type. As will be apparent from the detailed description below, the ATD 12 shown is used for testing or otherwise evaluating the performance of vehicle interior and restraint systems for pre-adult and post-adult occupants, and more specifically for rear-end impact testing. It is understood that this invention can be used with any suitable type of ATD for any type of impact testing. It should also be understood that the range of motion, center of gravity, and segmented mass simulate those of human subjects as defined by anthropometry data.

[0052] Referring to the drawings, the same numerical markings indicate the same parts in each view. Figures 1-3 , Figure 36 and Figure 37 The illustration shows a partial anthropomorphic test device (ATD) 10 used for biomechanical testing and impact analysis (e.g., crash simulation). The ATD 10 includes a head assembly 12, a neck assembly 14, a spine assembly 16, and a pelvic assembly 18. The head assembly 12 is mounted to the neck assembly 14, which in turn is mounted to the top 20 of the spine assembly 16 (see figure). Figure 4 The bottom 22 of the spinal assembly 16 is mounted to the pelvic assembly 18. It is understood that the top 20 and bottom 22 of the spinal assembly 16 are not specific points on the assembly 16, but rather general areas of the spinal assembly 16. The integration of the neck assembly 14 and the pelvic assembly 18 with the spinal assembly 16 and other components enables the ATD 10 to replicate human kinematics under various load conditions.

[0053] The spine assembly 16 serves as the central structural and functional element of the ATD 10, extending longitudinally between the top 20 and the bottom 22, and supporting dynamic articulation and load transfer during impact testing. The spine assembly 16 defines a length (L) between the top 20 and the bottom 22 and is encapsulated within a sheath 24 of the ATD 10. It is understood that the length (L) can vary depending on the configuration of the spine assembly 16 and how the areas of the top 20 and bottom 22 are identified. Therefore, the length (L) is intended to identify the approximate length (L) of the spine assembly 16. The sheath 24 encapsulating the spine assembly 16 can be formed of a flexible or semi-rigid material to mimic the soft tissue envelope of the human torso while allowing controlled deformation. A plurality of torso interface pins 25 are preferably coupled to the spine assembly 16, extending transversely to the length (L) so that the sheath 24 moves with the spine 16. The plurality of torso interface pins 25 coupled to the spine assembly 16 are spaced apart along the length (L) and provide both vertical and lateral support to the sheath 24.

[0054] like Figures 4-7 , Figures 28-30 and Figures 37-40 As shown in further detail, the neck assembly 14 is attached to the upper mounting plate 26 at the top 20 of the spine assembly 16. The upper mounting plate 26 is configured to attach the neck assembly 14 to the top 20 of the spine assembly 16. The upper mounting plate 26 is rigidly or semi-rigidly attached to the spine assembly 16 via an upper connection mechanism 27, thereby allowing force and movement to be transmitted from the head assembly 12 through the neck 14 to the spine 16. Further details of the upper mounting plate 26 are described below. A base plate 28 is attached to the spine assembly 16 at the bottom 22. Serving as an interface between the spine assembly 16 and the pelvic assembly 18, the base plate 28 facilitates the mounting of the spine assembly 16 within the pelvic assembly 18.

[0055] refer to Figures 23-27 A base block 29 at the bottom 22 of the spinal assembly 16 is supported on a base plate 28 and serves to connect the bottom 22 of the spinal assembly 16 to the base plate 28 via a lower connecting mechanism 31, which will be discussed in more detail below. The base block 29 has a partial mounting plate 88 positioned on the upper surface 80 of the mounting block 76 between a buffer block 54a and a spare buffer block 78. The partial mounting plate 88 includes at least one upper lug 48 having a hole 52 through which a first rod 42b of a plurality of rods 42a, 42b positioned at the bottom 22 of the spinal assembly 16 passes. The partial mounting plate 88 is secured to the mounting block 76 using one or more fasteners 90. Further details of the base block 29 are described below.

[0056] The substrate 28 also supports electronics 30 housed within the pelvic assembly 18. These electronics 30 may include components such as batteries and communication distributors to facilitate internal data transmission within the ATD 10. These electronics 30 may also include data acquisition systems, power supplies, and communication modules, all protected within the pelvic cavity 18 and connected by cables. A damping system 34 may be supported by a link plate mount 35 near the top 20 of the spinal assembly 16. As is known in the art, the damping system 34 resists neck movements based on neck rotation speed. The link plate mount 35, positioned near the top 20 of the spinal assembly 16, provides a stable anchor point for the damping system 34.

[0057] refer to Figures 4-10 , Figures 12-14 , Figures 31-35 and Figures 38-41 The spinal assembly 16 comprises a series of right connecting plates 36 (denoted by R#) and a series of left connecting plates 38 (denoted by L#), each series 36, 38 extending along the length (L) of the spinal assembly 16. The right connecting plates 36 are spaced apart from the left connecting plates 38 to define a central channel along the spinal assembly 16. As used herein, the terms “right” and “left” refer to the anatomically right-handed and left-handed sides of the ATD 10 when viewed from the perspective of the Anthropomorphic Testing Device (ATD) 10 itself (rather than from the perspective of an external observer or the orientation of the accompanying drawings). Thus, each right connecting plate 36 is positioned on the right-handed side of the body of the ATD 10, and each left connecting plate 38 is positioned on the left-handed side of the body of the ATD 10. This orientation is consistent throughout the specification and drawings to ensure clarity of the spatial arrangement of the components. Each connecting plate 36, 38 includes an upper cavity 44 and a lower cavity 46 positioned relative to the top 20 and bottom 22 of the spinal assembly 16 and spaced apart along the length (L).

[0058] Multiple mounting plates 40 are positioned along the length (L) of the spinal assembly 16 between the right connecting plate 36 and the left connecting plate 38, as follows: Figures 4-9 , Figure 11 and Figures 31-41 As shown. Preferably, the right connecting plate 36 is transversely spaced from the left connecting plate 38 relative to an axis defined by length (L). Each mounting plate 40 is oriented transversely to an axis defined by the length (L) of the spine 16 and moves in coordination with the right connecting plate 36 and the left connecting plate 38. These mounting plates 40 are arranged to replicate the anatomical positioning and function of the intervertebral discs, thereby providing discrete hinge points that allow the spinal assembly 16 to perform controlled flexion and extension. This configuration allows the spinal assembly 16 to mimic the segmented motion and biomechanical properties of the human spine.

[0059] refer to Figures 8-10 , Figures 12-14 , Figures 31-34 and Figure 41 Multiple rods 42a, 42b of the spinal assembly 16 extend between the right connecting plate 36 and the left connecting plate 38, thereby structurally connecting them. Each rod 42a, 42b includes a right end 43 and a left end 45, which are respectively fixed to the right connecting plate 36 and the left connecting plate 38. Figure 10 , Figures 12-14 and Figures 31-35 As shown, the plurality of rods 42a and 42b can be further classified into a plurality of first rods 42a and a plurality of second rods 42b, each serving a different structural role within the spinal assembly. Each of the plurality of first rods 42a is configured such that its right end 43 is mounted in the upper cavity 44 of the corresponding right connecting plate 36, and its left end 45 is mounted in the lower cavity 46 of the corresponding left connecting plate 38, thereby establishing a partial structural connection between the opposing right connecting plates 36 and left connecting plates 38. Complementing this arrangement, the plurality of second rods 42b are similarly configured, with the right end 43 of each second rod 42b mounted in the lower cavity 46 of the right connecting plate 36, and its left end 45 mounted in the upper cavity 44 of the left connecting plate 38.

[0060] Each first rod 42a and second rod 42b is arranged alternately along the length (L) of the spinal assembly 16. This alternating configuration of the first rods 42a and second rods 42b along the length (L) of the spinal assembly 16 creates an interlaced interconnection pattern or serpentine pattern, which enhances the overall structural integrity and flexibility of the assembly 16. The alternating placement of the rods 42a, 42b facilitates controlled articulation by allowing differential movement between adjacent mounting plates 40. This mimics the natural curvature and movement of the human spine, thereby allowing multi-directional bending while maintaining structural integrity.

[0061] Now for reference Figures 8-10 , Figures 12-14 and Figures 31-35 Further features of the spine assembly 16 facilitate precise alignment and rotational control of the rods 42a and 42b. For example... Figures 31-32 As shown in more detail, the right end 43 and left end 45 of each of the plurality of first rods 42a and second rods 42b include engagement surfaces 112 having a non-circular geometry. While both right ends 43 and left ends 45 are shown as having engagement surfaces 112 with non-circular geometry, it is also contemplated that this configuration may be applied only to one of the right ends 43 or the left ends 45. This non-circular shape is specifically designed to enhance mechanical interlocking and prevent rotational movement of rods 42a, 42b relative to the right link plate 36 and the left link plate 38.

[0062] The non-circular geometry can be any shape, including but not limited to squares, hexagons, trapezoids, or rhombuses. In the illustrated configuration, the mating surface 112 of each rod 42a, 42b includes an upper portion 114 defined by a first lateral edge 116 and a second lateral edge 118, which converge to form an upper vertex 120. Extending from this upper portion 114 is a lower portion 122, which has an arcuate profile positioned opposite to the upper vertex 120. This composite geometry provides both axial retention and rotational resistance, thereby contributing to the overall stability and biomechanical fidelity of the anthropomorphic testing equipment in simulated motion and impact scenarios.

[0063] Furthermore, each upper cavity 44 and lower cavity 46 of each right link plate 36 and left link plate 38 is configured to receive a non-circular engagement surface 112 of the rods 42a, 42b. This ensures that the rods 42a, 42b are rotatably constrained within the right link plate 36 and left link plate 38. Therefore, each of the upper cavity 44 and lower cavity 46 includes a first lateral side 124, a second lateral side 126, a apex 128, and an arcuate bottom portion 130. These features correspond to the geometry of the rod engagement surface 112, thereby achieving a secure, form-fitting interface.

[0064] The first group of mounting plates 56 among the plurality of mounting plates 40 Figure 8 and Figure 9 More details are shown in the middle (see also) Figures 15-19 In addition, such as Figures 9-11 , Figures 15-18 , Figures 20-22 , Figure 39 and Figure 42 As shown, each mounting plate 40 includes at least one upper lug 48 and one lower lug 50, each lug 48, 50 defining a hole 52 through which one of the plurality of rods 42a, 42b extends. In some configurations, the upper lug 48 may include a pair of lugs 48, and the lower lug 50 may include a pair of lugs 50, thereby enhancing structural engagement and enabling an interleaved configuration along the spine assembly 16 between adjacent mounting plates 40 (see [link to documentation]). Figures 10-11 , Figure 39 and Figure 41 One rod 42a, 42b may extend through the hole 52 in one or both upper lugs 48, and another rod 42a, 42b may extend through the hole 52 in one or both lower lugs 50, thereby facilitating controlled hinged connection of the spinal assembly 16 while securely supporting the mounting plate 40 between the connecting plates 36, 38.

[0065] In addition, such as Figures 10-11 and Figures 39-41As shown, the plurality of mounting plates 40 can be further defined as a series of right mounting plates 40R and a series of left mounting plates 40L, each configured to be offset toward a corresponding series of right connecting plates 36 or left connecting plates 38. Specifically, the right mounting plates 40R are offset toward a series of right connecting plates 36, and the left mounting plates 40L are offset toward a series of left connecting plates 38. Each mounting plate 40R, 40L includes at least one upper lug 48 and at least one lower lug 50, and in some embodiments, each lug 48, 50 is provided in pairs to enhance structural engagement. The lugs 48, 50 of the right mounting plates 40R can also be offset toward the right connecting plates 36, and the lugs 48, 50 of the left mounting plates 40L can be offset toward the left connecting plates 38. The right mounting plates 40R and left mounting plates 40L are arranged in an alternating sequence along the length (L) of the spine assembly 16, such that a right mounting plate 40R is followed by a left mounting plate 40L, and so on.

[0066] This alternating and offset configuration facilitates the staggering between the lugs 48, 50 of adjacent mounting plates 40, such as Figure 11 and Figure 41 As shown in the cross-sectional view, specifically, the at least one upper lug 48 of each right mounting plate 40R is configured to intersect with the at least one lower lug 50 of each left mounting plate 40L located in front of it along the length (L) of the spine assembly 16 from top 20 to bottom 22. Furthermore, the at least one lower lug 50 of each right mounting plate 40R is configured to intersect with the at least one upper lug 48 of the left mounting plate 40L located behind it along the length (L) of the spine assembly 16 from top 20 to bottom 22. In other words, the at least one upper lug 48 of each left mounting plate 40L is configured to intersect with the at least one lower lug 50 of the right mounting plate 40R located in front of it along the length (L) of the spine assembly 16 from top 20 to bottom 22, and the at least one lower lug 50 of each left mounting plate 40L is configured to intersect with the at least one upper lug 48 of the right mounting plate 40R located behind it. Therefore, whether the right mounting plate 40R and the left mounting plate 40L belong to the first group 56 or the second group 58 of the plurality of mounting plates 40 depends on the position of these mounting plates 40R, 40L along the length (L) of the spine assembly 16. This staggered configuration enhances the mechanical connection between adjacent mounting plates 40 and contributes to the overall structural coherence and controlled flexibility of the spine assembly 16. The staggered lugs 48, 50 further facilitate the alignment of the spine components during dynamic articulation, thereby supporting the biomechanical fidelity of the anthropomorphic testing device.

[0067] Now for reference Figures 13-22 and Figure 42Each of the plurality of mounting plates 40 includes at least one buffer block 54 configured to mimic the biomechanical behavior of an intervertebral disc. In the illustrated embodiment, two different types of mounting plates 40 and corresponding buffer blocks 54 are employed along the length of the spinal assembly 16 to more accurately replicate the anatomical and mechanical properties of the human spine. A first set of mounting plates 56 begins at the bottom 22 of the spinal assembly 16 and extends upward through the initial vertebral segment. These mounting plates 40 are generally rectangular in shape and are paired with relatively large buffer blocks 54a that cover most of the mounting plates 40. The configuration using large buffer blocks 54a is designed to replicate the larger intervertebral discs present in the lumbar spine. Therefore, these components bear more load than the thoracic or cervical spine regions. The buffer blocks 54a are positioned to support the entire weight above them, meaning that the lower vertebrae bear significantly greater compressive forces.

[0068] Proceeding upwards along the spinal assembly 16, a second set of mounting plates 58 is used. These mounting plates 40 are wedge-shaped, having a wider surface area facing the rear (back) side (P) of the ATD 10 and a narrower edge facing the front (interior) side (A). The corresponding buffer block 54b for this second set of mounting plates 58 is smaller and occupies a reduced portion of the upper surface 61 of the mounting plate 40. Although Figure 13 and Figure 14 It is explained that each mounting plate 40 uses two buffer blocks 54a, 54b – one on the front and one on the rear – but the alternative use of a single buffer block 54 to span the necessary area is also considered, depending on the required mechanical response and design constraints.

[0069] Figures 15-22 A detailed view of mounting plate 40 is shown. Figures 20-22 Representative mounting plates 40 from the first set of mounting plates 56 and 58 from the second set of mounting plates 58 are shown. Each buffer block 54a, 54b includes a carrier block 60a, 60b and a buffer 62a, 62b. The carrier blocks 60a, 60b are removably coupled to the mating surfaces 64a, 64b of the mounting plate 40. The mating surfaces 64a, 64b are profiled or otherwise geometrically configured to correspond to the shape of the carrier blocks 60a, 60b, thereby ensuring a secure fit and facilitating precise alignment during assembly (see [link to documentation]). Figures 17-19 and Figure 22 The removability of carrier blocks 60a and 60b allows for replacement in case of wear or damage without disassembling the spine assembly 16 or removing adjacent components, thereby improving maintainability and reducing maintenance time.

[0070] The buffers 62a and 62b, mounted to the carrier block 60, act as a compliant interface, mimicking the mechanical behavior of the intervertebral disc. In one embodiment, the buffers 62a and 62b can be bonded to the carrier blocks 60a and 60b using adhesive. The buffers 62a and 62b may include at least one protrusion 63 that fits into a cavity 65 of the carrier blocks 60a and 60b. This at least one protrusion 63 facilitates proper alignment and positioning during bonding. However, it is also contemplated that the buffers 62a and 62b can be removably attached to the carrier blocks 60a and 60b using mechanical fasteners, interlocking features, or other non-permanent attachment methods. This allows for easy replacement or customization of the buffer components 62a and 62b to adjust the stiffness, damping, or other biomechanical properties of the spinal assembly 16 according to the specific testing requirements of ATD 10.

[0071] Furthermore, carrier blocks 60a and 60b can be removably attached to the mating surfaces 64a and 64b of the mounting plate 40 via fasteners 66. Fasteners 66 can be any suitable type of mechanical fastener, including but not limited to screws, pins, bolts, or clips. In the illustrated embodiment, fastener 66 includes a bolt-slot system. The mating surfaces 64a and 64b of the mounting plate 40 include at least one slot 68 configured to receive a stabilizing pin or guide feature 70. The slot 68 defines a hole 71 through which a bolt 72 passes to secure carrier blocks 60a and 60b to the mounting plate 40. The stabilizing pin or guide feature 70 also defines a hole 74 that aligns with the hole 71 in the slot 68, thereby allowing the bolt 72 to pass through both components and securely anchor the carrier blocks 60a and 60b in place. This configuration ensures proper alignment and stability of the carrier blocks 60a and 60b under dynamic load conditions. The bolt-slot system also allows for quick and efficient removal and replacement of carrier blocks 60a and 60b.

[0072] As described above, the lower connecting mechanism 31 is located at the bottom 22 of the spine assembly 16, after the last left connecting plate 38. Due to the serpentine configuration of the rod 42b, the first (or bottommost) rod 42b connects to the lower cavity 46 of the first right connecting plate 36 (R1), which is offset below the lower cavity 46 of the left connecting plate 38 (L2) which is laterally spaced from the right connecting plate 36. Therefore, the rod 42b extends from the lower cavity 46 of the right connecting plate 36 (R1) into the cavity 100 of the lower connecting mechanism 31 (L) located on the left (see...). Figure 24 The lower connecting mechanism 31 also includes a flap 102 defining a hole 104. This flap 102 extends from the lower connecting mechanism 31 along the side 83 of the mounting block 76 and is positioned adjacent to the mounting block 76. Fasteners (not shown) pass through the hole 104 to secure the flap 102 to the mounting block 76, thereby securing the right connecting plate 36 and the left connecting plate 38, the plurality of rods 42a, 42b, and the mounting plate 40 to the base block 29.

[0073] The mounting plate 88 of the base block 29 also includes a mating surface 87 to which the buffer block 54a is removably attached. An alternative buffer block 78 is also removably coupled to the upper surface 80 of the mounting block 76 and is designed to directly receive the upper surface 80, thus ensuring a stable and secure mechanical interface. The alternative buffer block 78 includes two legs 82 that extend toward the pelvic assembly 18 and wrap around the lateral sides 83 of the mounting block 76. This direct contact provides a solid bearing surface and enhances alignment accuracy by ensuring that the alternative buffer block 78 sits correctly and engages securely with the mounting block 76. The legs 82 are also secured to the lateral sides 83 of the mounting block 76 by fasteners 77. The upper surface 84 of the alternative buffer block 78 rests directly against the upper surface 80 of the mounting block 76, and a buffer 79 is disposed on the upper surface 84 of the alternative buffer block 78.

[0074] Figures 28-30 A detailed view is provided of the upper mounting plate 26 of the spine assembly 16, which is configured to secure the neck assembly 14 to the top 20 of the spine assembly 16 (see also...). Figures 4-7 , Figures 37-38 and Figure 40 The upper mounting plate 26 has an upper surface 92 and a lower surface 94. At least one protrusion 96 extends from the lower surface 94, interfacing with the mounting plate 40 near the top 20 of the spine assembly 16. This protrusion 96 includes an opening 98 through which the topmost or last of the plurality of rods 42a, 42b of the spine assembly 16 passes. The protrusion 96 is positioned between the final (or top) left connecting plate 38 and the upper connecting mechanism 27 on the right side of the spine assembly 16.

[0075] Due to the serpentine arrangement of rods 42a and 42b, the topmost or last rod 42b connects to the upper cavity 44 of the final left connecting plate 38 (L16), which is offset above the corresponding lower cavity 46 of the right connecting plate 36 (R15). Therefore, the top rod 42b extends from the upper cavity 44 of the left connecting plate 38 (L16) into the cavity 101 of the upper connecting mechanism 27 (R17) on the right side. The upper connecting mechanism 27 also includes a flap 111 extending from the top 20 of the spine assembly 16 toward the neck assembly 14. This flap 111 defines an additional opening 105 into which fasteners (not shown) are inserted to secure the upper connecting mechanism 27 to the upper mounting plate 26.

[0076] In addition to the lower protrusion 96, the upper mounting plate 26 also includes an upper protrusion 106 extending from its upper surface 92. This upper protrusion 106 has an opening 108 through which the rod 110 of the neck assembly 14 is inserted. The neck assembly 14 includes at least one corresponding protrusion (not shown) with a matching opening, positioned adjacent to the upper protrusion 106. The rod 110 passes through both openings, thus forming a connection point between the neck assembly 14 and the upper mounting plate 26 of the spine assembly 16. This configuration not only secures the neck assembly 14 to the spine assembly 16 but also establishes a stable pivot point, enabling controlled neck articulation relative to the spine to simulate real human movement while maintaining the durability necessary for anthropomorphic testing applications.

[0077] Figures 31-35 The spinal assembly 16 also includes multiple set screws 132 (see also...) Figures 7-8 and Figure 13 Each set screw 132 is at least partially disposed within the upper cavity 44 or lower cavity 46 of each right link plate 36 and each left link plate 38. These set screws are positioned to engage the right end 43 and left end 45 of the plurality of rods 42a, 42b, respectively. By engaging the rod ends within the corresponding upper and lower cavities 44, 46, the set screw 132 serves to secure each rod 42a, 42b in place, thereby preventing axial displacement and maintaining the intended alignment between the right link plate 36 and the left link plate 38.

[0078] Set screws 132 are screwed into the upper cavity 44 and lower cavity 46 through each of the right link plate 36 and the left link plate 38, and are accessible through the lateral openings 134 of each of the right link plate 36 and the left link plate 38. This configuration allows for precise tightening and adjustment of each rod 42a, 42b connection during assembly or maintenance. The use of set screws 132 also provides a modular and maintainable fastening method, enabling the removal or replacement of individual rods 42a, 42b without disassembling the entire spinal assembly 16. It is also contemplated that the set screws 132 can be selectively tightened or loosened to adjust the required stiffness between the right link plate 36 and the left link plate 38, thereby allowing for customization of the stiffness and responsiveness of the spinal assembly 16.

[0079] This disclosure also describes a system 200 for creating a virtual anthropomorphic test apparatus 10 using a software application contained on a computer 202 and evaluating the created virtual anthropomorphic test apparatus 10 in a virtual crash test. The anthropomorphic test apparatus 10 is a virtual representation of the aforementioned anthropomorphic test apparatus 10, including all the features and components described above. Representative virtual features of the anthropomorphic test apparatus 10 are described in... Figures 36-42 As shown in the image.

[0080] Now for reference Figure 43The computer 202 used to create the anthropomorphic test device 10 may include at least one processor 204, memory 206, mass storage device 216, input / output (I / O) interface 208, and human-machine interface (HMI) 210. The computer 202 may also be operatively connected to one or more external resources 212 via a network 214 and / or I / O interface 208. External resources may include, but are not limited to, servers, databases, mass storage devices, peripherals, cloud-based network services, or any other suitable computing resources that the computer 202 may use.

[0081] Processor 204 may include one or more devices selected from microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, microcomputers, central processing units, field-programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, state machines, logic circuits, analog circuits, digital circuits, or any other device that manipulates signals (analog or digital) based on operating instructions stored in memory 206. Memory 206 may include a single memory device or multiple memory devices, including but not limited to read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), flash memory, cache memory, or any other device capable of storing information. Mass storage device 216 may include data storage devices such as hard disk drives, optical disk drives, magnetic tape drives, non-volatile solid-state devices, or any other device capable of storing information. Database 218 may reside on mass storage device 216 and may be used to collect and organize data used by the various systems and modules described herein.

[0082] Processor 204 can operate under the control of operating system 220 residing in memory 206. Operating system 220 can manage computing resources, allowing computer program code embodied as one or more computer software applications (e.g., application 222 residing in memory 206) to have instructions executable by processor 204. In an alternative embodiment, processor 204 can directly execute application 222, in which case operating system 220 can be omitted. One or more data structures 224 can also reside in memory 206 and can be used by processor 204, operating system 220, and / or application 222 to store or manipulate data. Software application 222, as provided herein, includes creating a virtual anthropomorphic test device 10 (also... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The software application (represented in the text) and the software application for evaluating the created virtual anthropomorphic test device 10 in a virtual crash test setting.

[0083] I / O interface 108 may provide a machine interface that operatively connects processor 204 to other devices and systems, such as network 214 and / or external resources 212. Therefore, by communicating via I / O interface 208, application 222 may cooperate with network 214 and / or external resources 212 to provide various features, functions, applications, processes, and / or modules incorporating embodiments of the present invention. Application 222 may also have program code executed by one or more external resources 212, or otherwise rely on functionality and / or signals provided by other systems or network components outside of computer 202. Indeed, given the virtually endless possibilities of hardware and software configurations, those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention may include applications located outside of computer 202, applications distributed across multiple computers or other external resources 212, or applications provided as a service by computing resources (hardware and software) provided through network 214, such as cloud computing services.

[0084] HMI 210 can be operatively coupled to processor 204 of computer 202 in a known manner to allow the user of computer 102 to interact directly with computer 202. HMI 210 may include a video and / or alphanumeric display, a touchscreen, speakers, and any other suitable audio and visual indicators capable of providing information to the user. HMI 210 may also include input and control devices capable of accepting user commands or input and transmitting the input to processor 204, such as an alphanumeric keypad, a pointing device, a keypad, buttons, control knobs, a microphone, etc.

[0085] This invention has been described in an illustrative manner. It should be understood that the terminology used is intended to be descriptive in nature and not restrictive. Many modifications and variations are possible based on the above teachings. Therefore, within the scope of the appended claims, this invention can be practiced in ways other than those specifically described.

Claims

1. A human-like testing device, characterized in that, The anthropomorphic testing equipment includes: A spinal assembly, the spinal assembly being defined in length between the top and bottom of the spinal assembly; A neck assembly, which is attached to the top of the spinal assembly; and A pelvic assembly, which is connected to the bottom of the spinal assembly; The spinal component includes: A series of right connecting plates and a series of left connecting plates, each of the series of right connecting plates and the series of left connecting plates spanning the length of the spinal assembly, the series of right connecting plates being spaced apart from the series of left connecting plates, wherein each of the series of right connecting plates defines a superior cavity and a inferior cavity spaced apart along the length, and each of the series of left connecting plates defines a superior cavity and an inferior cavity spaced apart along the length. A plurality of first rods, each having a right end and a left end, wherein each of the plurality of first rods extends between one of the right connecting plates and one of the left connecting plates, and the right end of the first rod is fitted into the upper cavity of the right connecting plate, and the left end of the first rod is fitted into the lower cavity of the left connecting plate to partially connect the right connecting plate and the left connecting plate; and A plurality of second rods, each having a right end and a left end, wherein each of the plurality of second rods extends between one of the right connecting plates and one of the left connecting plates, and the right end of the second rod is fitted into the lower cavity of the right connecting plate, and the left end of the second rod is fitted into the upper cavity of the left connecting plate to partially connect the right connecting plate and the left connecting plate; and Each first rod and each second rod are arranged alternately along the length of the spinal assembly.

2. The anthropomorphic testing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The anthropomorphic testing equipment also includes: A plurality of set screws, wherein each of the plurality of set screws is at least partially disposed within one of the upper and lower cavities of each right link plate and each left link plate to engage the right and left ends of the plurality of first rods and the plurality of second rods respectively, thereby fixing the corresponding first rod and second rod within the corresponding upper and lower cavities.

3. The anthropomorphic testing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the right and left ends of each of the plurality of first rods and the plurality of second rods includes a mating surface having a non-circular shape.

4. The anthropomorphic testing device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The upper and lower cavities of each right and left link plate are configured to receive the engagement surfaces of the plurality of first and second rods to prevent the rods from rotating relative to the right and left link plates.

5. The anthropomorphic testing device as described in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The mating surface includes: The upper portion has a first lateral edge and a second lateral edge, wherein the first lateral edge and the second lateral edge converge to form an upper vertex; and The bottom portion has an arcuate profile that extends from the upper portion and is located opposite the upper vertex.

6. The anthropomorphic testing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The anthropomorphic testing equipment also includes: A plurality of mounting plates, wherein each of the plurality of mounting plates is positioned along the length between a series of right link plates and a series of left link plates, and each mounting plate is coupled to one of the plurality of first rods and one of the plurality of second rods.

7. The anthropomorphic testing device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The mounting plate includes an upper lug and a lower lug, wherein the upper lug and the lower lug each define a hole through which one of the plurality of first rods and the plurality of second rods extends.

8. The anthropomorphic testing device as described in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The plurality of mounting plates include: Multiple right mounting plates, said multiple right mounting plates being offset toward said series of right connecting plates; and Multiple left mounting plates, the multiple left mounting plates being offset toward the series of left connecting plates; Each of the right mounting plates and each of the left mounting plates are arranged alternately along the length of the spinal assembly.

9. The anthropomorphic testing device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Each of the plurality of mounting plates includes a mating surface, wherein at least one buffer block is removably attached to the mating surface.

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