Drought disaster census soil sampling device
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522623767.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-15
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-12-10
AI Technical Summary
通过设置由伺服电机驱动的传动轴、装载筒以及锥形破土头组成的破土进样机构，并在锥形破土头外壁布置刮削螺旋刃条及垂直上料板，可在干旱区硬化、结皮、板结及具有大裂隙的土层中实现主动切削、螺旋进给与稳定扩孔，显著降低上拉取样造成的扰动。取样筒底部的上封板与下封板采用可滑动重叠式结构，并通过旋钮环带动垂直连接杆与固定柱的联动实现封板开合调节，可在破土头进入土体时保持充分展开，在提升时恢复成完整密封圆盘，避免样品沿裂隙掉落，使土体剖面层次、干湿变化及结构状态得以原状保留。
Smart Images
Figure CN224758125U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of drought disaster survey field sampling technology, and in particular to a soil sampling device for drought disaster survey. Background Technology
[0002] Soil serves as a crucial foundational medium for various fields, including agricultural production, ecological environment assessment, and geological disaster prevention. Its physical, chemical, and moisture properties directly impact crop growth, land use, safety monitoring, desertification assessment, and drought disaster monitoring and mitigation. Particularly in arid, semi-arid, or drought-prone areas, due to intense evaporation / water loss, loose soil structure, or the formation of cracked crusts, soil moisture, structural stratification, changes in moisture content, and fissure characteristics are of paramount importance for ecological restoration, land assessment, irrigation design, and disaster prevention.
[0003] In existing technologies, soil sampling devices are mostly used for general soft soil, moist soil, or environmental testing scenarios. They are not suitable for hardened soil layers or cracked soil in arid areas, and cannot guarantee the structural integrity and clear stratification of the profile sample. In arid disaster areas, the soil is usually hardened, crusted, compacted, or has formed "large cracks". The bottom of the traditional sampling tube is usually a fixed opening or a non-adjustable retaining plate, which causes the sample to fall during the lifting process. The soil deforms due to the upward disturbance, resulting in poor practicality. Therefore, this utility model discloses a soil sampling device for drought disaster survey to solve the problems of difficulty in sampling hardened soil layers and cracked soil in arid areas and easy sample drop during the lifting process in existing technologies. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to propose a soil sampling device for drought disaster survey, which solves the problems of difficulty in sampling hardened soil layers and cracked soil in arid areas, and the easy loss of samples during the sampling tube extraction process.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a soil sampling device for drought disaster surveys, comprising: a mounting frame, and adjusting pads disposed at the four corners of the bottom of the mounting frame. Guide grooves are respectively formed on the inner walls of the four corners of the mounting frame. A set of guide rods is installed on the inner walls of the upper and lower ends of each set of guide grooves. A first mounting rod is slidably fitted onto each set of guide rods in the vertical direction. A set of first rectangular frames is installed at the other ends of multiple sets of first mounting rods. A set of second mounting rods is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting frame above each set of guide grooves. A hydraulic cylinder is provided at the other end of each set of second mounting rods. The output end of each set of hydraulic cylinders is fixedly installed on the first mounting rod at a corresponding position in the vertical direction. The frame is equipped with a sampling component, which includes a first rectangular frame and a second rectangular frame installed above the first rectangular frame. The first and second rectangular frames share a sampling cylinder in their middle sections. A top sealing plate is provided in the upper middle section of the second rectangular frame. A servo motor is fixedly installed on the top sealing plate. One end of the output end of the servo motor is fixedly installed to the top sealing plate via a fixing rod. A drive shaft is installed at the output end of the first rectangular frame via a drive connection. A loading cylinder is rotatably sleeved on the other end of the drive shaft. The other end of the drive shaft passes through the bottom end of the loading cylinder and is connected to a conical soil breaking head via a drive connection. The outer wall of the conical soil breaking head is provided with a scraping spiral blade, and a vertical feeding plate is provided at the top end of the scraping spiral blade. The sampling cylinder is equipped with an adjustment assembly, which includes multiple sets of lower sealing plates. These lower sealing plates are evenly fixed to the outer wall of the top of the conical soil-breaking head, centered on the central axis of the sampling cylinder. Above each set of lower sealing plates is an upper sealing plate that is slidably connected to the outer wall of the top of the conical soil-breaking head. A fixing post is fixedly installed at one end of the outer sidewall of the upper sealing plate, and a vertical connecting rod is fixedly installed at the other end of the fixing post. The vertical connecting rod is located within an arc-shaped sliding groove opened vertically along the wall of the sampling cylinder. A set of knob rings is installed at the top of the multiple sets of vertical connecting rods. The bottom end of the knob ring is rotatably mounted on the top of the sampling cylinder, and locking blocks are respectively installed on both sides of the outer wall of the sampling cylinder. Each locking block is provided with a third threaded rod, which is used to cooperate with the third threaded hole on the side wall of the sampling cylinder to mechanically lock the knob ring in the open / close position. The other end of each locking block is provided with a set of third threaded rods, and the side wall of the sampling cylinder is provided with a third threaded hole at the end of the rotation path of the knob ring. The top surface of the vertical feeding plate and the bottom surface of the lower sealing plate are attached in the open position. The material is wear-resistant alloy steel or composite wear-resistant layer with a thickness of 1.5 to 3.0 mm.
[0006] Preferably, the bottom end of the loading cylinder is provided with a bottom sealing plate, the outer diameter of the bottom sealing plate is the same as the maximum outer diameter of the top of the conical soil breaking head, and a first hole with the same diameter as the inner cavity of the loading cylinder is opened in the middle of the bottom sealing plate.
[0007] Preferably, the outer wall of the loading cylinder is uniformly provided with multiple sets of limiting guide strips, and the bottom and top ends of the inner wall of the sampling cylinder are respectively fixedly installed with a set of cross connecting rods. The middle part of the cross connecting rod is circular, and the middle part of the cross connecting rod is slidably sleeved on the loading cylinder. The inner wall of the middle circular ring of the cross connecting rod is provided with a groove that fits with the limiting guide strip. The radial gap between the limiting guide strip and the circular groove of the cross connecting rod is not greater than 0.20 mm, and the circumferential gap is not greater than 0.30 mm, so as to ensure coaxiality.
[0008] Preferably, the middle sidewall of the first rectangular frame is provided with a first mounting beam, and the middle of the first mounting beam is provided with a first threaded rod in the horizontal direction. A first arc-shaped pad is engaged and rotatably installed at one end of the first threaded rod near the sampling cylinder. The arc wall of the other end of the first arc-shaped pad fits with the outer wall of the sampling cylinder, and multiple sets of the first arc-shaped pads form a ring with the same size as the outer wall of the sampling cylinder.
[0009] Preferably, the middle sidewall of the second rectangular frame is provided with a second mounting beam, and the middle of the second mounting beam is provided with a second threaded rod in the horizontal direction. A second arc-shaped pad is engaged and rotatably mounted on one end of the second threaded rod near the drive shaft. The arc wall of the other end of the second arc-shaped pad fits into the outer wall of the drive shaft, and multiple sets of the second arc-shaped pads form a ring with the same size as the outer wall of the drive shaft.
[0010] Preferably, the thickness of the vertical connecting rod matches the width of the arc-shaped sliding groove, and the arc-shaped sliding groove has an angle of 45° to 90° along the circumferential direction. The vertical connecting rod and the arc-shaped sliding groove are fitted as a sliding pair with a radial clearance of 0.05 to 0.20 mm.
[0011] Preferably, the sampling tube is made of wear-resistant stainless steel and has a smooth inner wall. The inner wall of the sampling tube is provided with a sliding groove corresponding to the position of the fixed column and along the length of the arc-shaped sliding groove. The sliding groove matches the size of the fixed column.
[0012] Preferably, the top surface of the vertical feeding plate is attached to the bottom surface of the lower sealing plate, the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate are slidably connected, and the overlap and unfolding of the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate are controlled by the knob ring driving the vertical connecting rod and the fixed column.
[0013] Preferably, the adjusting plate pad is an adjustable height pad block, used to adapt to uneven ground, and is connected to the bottom of the mounting frame through a threaded post.
[0014] Preferably, the bottom sealing plate, together with the unfolded upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate, form a complete disk, and the disk matches the bottom inner diameter of the sampling cylinder.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: By setting up a soil-breaking and sampling mechanism consisting of a drive shaft driven by a servo motor, a loading cylinder, and a conical soil-breaking head, and arranging scraping spiral blades and a vertical feeding plate on the outer wall of the conical soil-breaking head, active cutting, spiral feeding, and stable hole expansion can be achieved in hardened, crusted, compacted, and cracked soil layers in arid areas, significantly reducing the disturbance caused by upward sampling. The upper and lower sealing plates at the bottom of the sampling cylinder adopt a sliding overlapping structure, and the opening and closing of the sealing plates can be adjusted by the linkage between the vertical connecting rod and the fixed column driven by the knob ring. This allows the sealing plates to remain fully expanded when the soil-breaking head enters the soil and to return to a complete sealed disc when lifted, preventing the sample from falling along the cracks and preserving the original soil profile layers, wet-dry changes, and structural state.
[0016] The device employs a multi-axial guiding structure consisting of a mounting frame, guide rods, and a first and second rectangular frame working together. Multiple hydraulic cylinders are used as the driving and lifting mechanism to ensure stable vertical guidance for the excavating head and sampling cylinder during advancement, locking, clamping, and lifting at different depths. The surrounding engagement of the first and second arc-shaped pads stably confines the sampling cylinder and drive shaft within their respective rectangular frames, preventing shaking, eccentricity, or axial displacement during sampling. An adjustable plate at the bottom adapts to the uneven desert terrain of arid regions, improving the device's overall leveling capability. The sealing plate structure and bottom sealing plate perfectly fit the bottom of the sampling cylinder to form a sealed disc, effectively preventing sample detachment, leakage, or layering during lifting. The wear-resistant stainless steel sampling cylinder and smooth inner wall reduce sample lifting resistance and improve sample unloading convenience. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a first-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a two-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention from a second perspective; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the internal parts of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of part of the structure of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional enlarged cross-sectional view of part of the structure of this utility model; Figure 6This is a three-dimensional enlarged cross-sectional view of part of the structure of this utility model.
[0018] The diagram is marked as follows: 1. Mounting frame; 2. First mounting rod; 3. Hydraulic cylinder; 4. First rectangular frame; 5. First mounting beam; 6. First threaded rod; 7. First arc-shaped pad; 8. Second mounting rod; 9. Second rectangular frame; 10. Second mounting beam; 11. Second threaded rod; 12. Second arc-shaped pad; 13. Drive shaft; 14. Servo motor; 15. Fixing rod; 16. Conical breaking head; 17. Scraping spiral blade; 18. Guide groove; 19. Guide rod; 20. Sampling cylinder; 21. Knob ring; 22. Loading cylinder; 23. Limiting guide bar; 24. Cross connecting rod; 25. Upper sealing plate; 26. Lower sealing plate; 27. Vertical connecting rod; 28. Fixing column; 29. Bottom sealing plate; 30. Vertical feeding plate; 31. Arc-shaped sliding groove. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0020] This utility model provides, for example Figures 1 to 6The soil sampling device for drought disaster survey shown includes: a mounting frame 1, and adjusting pads at the four corners of the bottom of the mounting frame 1. Guide grooves 18 are respectively formed on the inner walls of the four corners of the mounting frame 1. A set of guide rods 19 is installed on the inner walls of the upper and lower ends of each set of guide grooves 18. A first mounting rod 2 is slidably fitted on each set of guide rods 19 in the vertical direction. A set of first rectangular frames 4 is installed at the other ends of multiple sets of first mounting rods 2. A set of second mounting rods 8 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting frame 1 above each set of guide grooves 18. A hydraulic cylinder 3 is provided at the other end of each set of second mounting rods 8. The output end of each set of hydraulic cylinders 3 is fixedly installed at a corresponding position in the vertical direction. The first mounting rod 2 is placed on the first mounting frame 1, and a sampling component is provided inside the mounting frame 1. The sampling component includes a first rectangular frame 4, and a second rectangular frame 9 is installed above the first rectangular frame 4. A set of sampling cylinders 20 is provided in the middle of the first rectangular frame 4 and the second rectangular frame 9. A top sealing plate is provided in the middle of the upper part of the second rectangular frame 9. A servo motor 14 is fixedly installed on the top sealing plate. One end of the output end of the servo motor 14 is fixedly installed to the top sealing plate through a fixing rod 15. A drive shaft 13 is installed at the output end of the first rectangular frame 4 through a drive connection. The other end of the drive shaft 13 is rotatably sleeved with a loading cylinder 22. The other end of the drive shaft 13 passes through the bottom end of the loading cylinder 22 and is then connected to a conical soil-breaking head 16. The outer wall of the conical soil breaking head 16 is provided with a scraping spiral blade 17, and the top end of the scraping spiral blade 17 is provided with a vertical feeding plate 30; the sampling cylinder 20 is provided with an adjustment assembly, which includes multiple sets of lower sealing plates 26. The multiple sets of lower sealing plates 26 are evenly fixed to the top outer wall of the conical soil breaking head 16 with the central axis of the sampling cylinder 20 as the center. Above each set of lower sealing plates 26, there is a set of upper sealing plates 25 that are slidably connected to the top outer wall of the conical soil breaking head 16. A fixing column 28 is fixedly installed at one end of the outer side wall of the upper sealing plate 25, and a vertical connecting rod 27 is fixedly installed at the other end of the fixing column 28. The vertical connecting rod 27 is located in the arc-shaped sliding groove 31 opened vertically on the cylinder wall of the sampling cylinder 20. A set of knob rings 21 are installed at the top of multiple sets of vertical connecting rods 27. The bottom end of the knob ring 21 is engaged and rotated at the top of the sampling cylinder 20. Locking blocks are installed on both sides of the outer wall of the sampling cylinder 20. Each locking block is provided with a third threaded rod. The third threaded rod is used to cooperate with the third threaded hole on the side wall of the sampling cylinder to mechanically lock the knob ring 21 at the opening / closing position. The other end of the locking block is provided with a set of third threaded rods. The side wall of the sampling cylinder 20 is provided with a third threaded hole at the end of the rotation path of the knob ring 21. The top surface of the vertical feeding plate 30 and the bottom surface of the lower sealing plate 26 are attached at the opening position. The material is wear-resistant alloy steel or composite wear-resistant layer with a thickness of 1.5 to 3.0 mm. During operation, the operator first levels the mounting frame 1 using the bottom adjusting plate pad to ensure stable support on uneven ground. After starting the hydraulic cylinder 3, the first rectangular frame 4 and its connected sampling components move vertically downwards along the guide groove 18 and guide rod 19. The servo motor 14 drives the transmission shaft 13 to rotate, which in turn drives the loading cylinder 22 and the conical breaking head 16 to rotate and cut the soil. The scraping spiral blade 17 breaks up the hardened soil during rotation, and the vertical feeding plate 30 conveys the debris upwards, which helps the breaking head to continue to penetrate deeper, enabling the device to continuously advance in cracked and compacted soil layers. As the conical breaking head 16 enters the soil, the lower sealing plate 26 is evenly spread out. By loosening the locking block and the third threaded rod, the upper sealing plate 25 is in the open position above the sliding position. At this time, the bottom of the sampling cylinder 20 remains open, allowing the soil to be cut into the cylinder cavity in its original state. The loading cylinder 22 maintains absolute coaxiality through the sliding engagement of the limiting guide bar 23 and the cross connecting rod 24, ensuring no deviation during the advancement process and guaranteeing natural stratification and structural integrity of the soil sample profile. After sampling reaches the set depth, the operator rotates the knob ring 21, causing it to move the vertical connecting rod 27 along the arc-shaped sliding groove 31. The fixing column 28 moves synchronously, causing the upper sealing plate 25 to be in an unfolded state relative to the lower sealing plate 26. At this time, the operator twists the third threaded rod on the locking block to fix the knob ring 21 on the sampling cylinder 20, thereby sealing the bottom of the sampling cylinder 20 and ultimately forming a large-area closed disc structure at the bottom of the sampling cylinder 20. At this time, the bottom sealing structure effectively prevents the sample from falling due to cracking and loosening during the lifting process. Subsequently, the hydraulic cylinder 3 reverses its action, pulling the sampling component vertically. The first arc-shaped pad 7 and the second arc-shaped pad 12 provide a circumferential fixing effect to ensure that the cylinder does not swing, and the soil sample profile remains undisturbed during the lifting stage. Finally, once the sampling tube 20 has completely returned to the top of the frame, the sampling tube can be removed to obtain a undisturbed soil sample with intact structure and layered structure.
[0021] Furthermore, in this example, such as Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the bottom end of the loading cylinder 22 is provided with a bottom sealing plate 29. The outer diameter of the bottom sealing plate 29 is the same as the maximum outer diameter of the top of the conical soil-breaking head 16. The bottom sealing plate 29 has a first hole in the middle that is the same as the diameter of the inner cavity of the loading cylinder 22. Multiple sets of limiting guide strips 23 are evenly provided on the outer wall of the loading cylinder 22. A set of cross connecting rods 24 are fixedly installed at the bottom and top of the inner wall of the sampling cylinder 20. The middle part of the cross connecting rod 24 is circular and slides on the loading cylinder 22. The inner wall of the circular ring of the middle part of the cross connecting rod 24 has a groove that fits with the limiting guide strip 23. The limiting guide strip 23 and the cross connecting rod 24 are connected in a circular manner. The radial gap between the annular grooves of the connecting rod 24 is no greater than 0.20 mm, and the circumferential gap is no greater than 0.30 mm to ensure coaxiality. A first mounting beam 5 is provided on the middle sidewall of the first rectangular frame 4, and a first threaded rod 6 is provided horizontally at the middle of the first mounting beam 5. A first arc-shaped pad 7 is rotatably mounted on one end of the first threaded rod 6 near the sampling cylinder 20. The arc wall of the other end of the first arc-shaped pad 7 fits into the outer wall of the sampling cylinder 20, and multiple sets of first arc-shaped pads 7 form a ring with the same dimensions as the outer wall of the sampling cylinder 20. A second mounting beam 10 is provided on the middle sidewall of the second rectangular frame 9, and the middle of the second mounting beam 10 is horizontally... A second threaded rod 11 is provided, and a second arc-shaped pad 12 is rotatably mounted on one end of the second threaded rod 11 near the drive shaft 13. The arc wall of the other end of the second arc-shaped pad 12 fits into the outer wall of the drive shaft 13, and multiple sets of second arc-shaped pads 12 form a ring with the same dimensions as the outer wall of the drive shaft 13. The thickness of the vertical connecting rod 27 matches the width of the arc-shaped sliding groove 31, and the angle of the arc-shaped sliding groove 31 along the circumferential direction is 45° to 90°. The vertical connecting rod 27 and the arc-shaped sliding groove 31 are a sliding pair with a radial clearance of 0.05 to 0.20 mm. The inner wall of the sampling cylinder 20 corresponds to the fixed column 28. The position and the sliding groove 31 are provided with a sliding groove hole. The sliding groove hole matches the size of the fixed column 28. The top surface of the vertical feeding plate 30 is attached to the bottom surface of the lower sealing plate 26. The upper sealing plate 25 and the lower sealing plate 26 are slidably connected. The vertical connecting rod 27 and the fixed column 28 are driven by the knob ring 21 to control the overlap and unfolding of the upper sealing plate 25 and the lower sealing plate 26. The adjusting plate pad is an adjustable height pad block to adapt to uneven ground. It is connected to the bottom of the mounting frame 1 through the threaded column. The bottom sealing plate 29 and the unfolded upper sealing plate 25 and lower sealing plate 26 form a complete disc. The disc matches the bottom inner diameter of the sampling cylinder 20. Before the sampling operation begins, the operator first adjusts the mounting frame 1 horizontally using the bottom adjustment plate pad to keep the sampling cylinder 20 in a vertical position. Then, the drive system of the device is activated, causing the first rectangular frame 4 and the second rectangular frame 9 to move downwards. The loading cylinder 22 is pushed forward in a straight line along the guide direction under the bidirectional limiting clamp of the cross connecting rod 24. The servo system drives the drive shaft 13 to rotate, and the conical soil breaking head 16 rotates synchronously to cut the soil. The scraping spiral blade 17 cuts the hard soil and conveys the debris upwards, significantly reducing the pushing resistance. After the conical breaker head 16 enters the soil, due to the sleeve relationship between the limiting guide bar 23 and the cross connecting rod 24, the annular groove of the limiting guide bar 23 and the cross connecting rod 24 is made of wear-resistant material with hardened 45-55 HRC and a phosphated-MoS2 solid lubricating composite coating. It is recommended that the initial assembly radial gap be 0.10-0.15 mm and the circumferential gap be 0.20-0.25 mm. The annular groove is equipped with labyrinth-type sealing rings and mud scrapers on both sides to reduce the jamming caused by dust and mud intrusion. This ensures that the loading cylinder 22 and the sampling cylinder 20 above it remain absolutely coaxial during drilling and will not cause eccentricity or deviation due to soil bias or cracks. During the advancement process, the upper sealing plate 25 and the lower sealing plate 26 remain open, so that the bottom end of the sampling cylinder 20 directly contacts the profile created by the cutting of the conical breaker head 16. The soil sample automatically enters the interior of the sampling cylinder and is deposited along the smooth inner wall in a natural stratification manner. Once the target depth is reached, the operator rotates the knob ring 21. At this time, the operator twists the third threaded rod on the locking block, fixing the knob ring 21 onto the sampling cylinder 20, thus sealing the bottom of the sampling cylinder 20. This ultimately forms a large-area closed disc structure at the bottom of the sampling cylinder 20, sealing the bottom opening. The arc-shaped sliding groove 31 has an angle of 45°–90°, and its width is 0.10–0.20 mm greater than the thickness of the vertical connecting rod 27. The bottom of the groove is tumbled and coated with a dry film lubricant. The lifting process then begins. Guided by the cross connecting rod 24, the loading cylinder 22 rises smoothly vertically without swaying. The airtightness of the sealing plate structure ensures that even dry, cracked, and loose soil will not fall or disturb its stratification.
[0022] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of the present invention, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity.
[0023] This utility model is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A soil sampling device for drought disaster survey, characterized in that, include: The mounting frame (1) and the adjusting plate pads set at the four corners of the bottom of the mounting frame (1) are provided. The inner wall of the middle of the four corners of the mounting frame (1) is provided with guide grooves (18). The upper and lower inner walls of each set of guide grooves (18) are jointly provided with a set of guide rods (19). Each set of guide rods (19) is slidably fitted with a first mounting rod (2) in the vertical direction. The other end of the multiple sets of first mounting rods (2) is jointly provided with a set of first rectangular frames (4). A set of second mounting rods (8) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting frame (1) above each set of guide grooves (18). The other end of each set of second mounting rods (8) is provided with a hydraulic cylinder (3). The output end of each set of hydraulic cylinders (3) is fixedly installed on the first mounting rod (2) at the corresponding position in the vertical direction. The mounting frame (1) is provided with a sampling component. The sampling component includes a first rectangular frame (4). 4) A second rectangular frame (9) is installed above the first rectangular frame (4). A set of sampling cylinders (20) is provided in the middle of the first rectangular frame (4) and the second rectangular frame (9). A top sealing plate is provided in the middle of the upper part of the second rectangular frame (9). A servo motor (14) is fixedly installed on the top sealing plate. One end of the output end of the servo motor (14) is fixedly installed with the top sealing plate through a fixing rod (15). A transmission shaft (13) is installed at the output end of the first rectangular frame (4) through a transmission connection. A loading cylinder (22) is rotatably sleeved at the other end of the transmission shaft (13). A conical soil breaking head (16) is installed after the other end of the transmission shaft (13) passes through the bottom end of the loading cylinder (22). A scraping spiral blade (17) is provided on the outer wall of the conical soil breaking head (16). A vertical feeding plate (30) is provided at the top end of the scraping spiral blade (17). The sampling tube (20) is provided with an adjustment assembly, which includes multiple sets of lower sealing plates (26). The multiple sets of lower sealing plates (26) are evenly fixed to the top outer wall of the conical soil breaking head (16) with the central axis of the sampling tube (20) as the center. Above each set of lower sealing plates (26) is a set of upper sealing plates (25) that are slidably connected to the top outer wall of the conical soil breaking head (16). A fixing column (28) is fixedly installed at one end of the outer side wall of the upper sealing plate (25), and a vertical connecting rod (27) is fixedly installed at the other end of the fixing column (28). The vertical connecting rod (27) is located in the arc-shaped sliding groove (31) opened vertically on the wall of the sampling tube (20). The top of the multiple sets of vertical connecting rods (27) A set of knob rings (21) are installed together. The bottom end of the knob rings (21) is engaged and rotated on the top end of the sampling cylinder (20). Locking blocks are installed on both sides of the outer wall of the sampling cylinder (20). Each locking block is provided with a third threaded rod. The third threaded rod is used to cooperate with the third threaded hole on the side wall of the sampling cylinder to mechanically lock the knob rings (21) in the opening / closing position. The other end of the locking blocks is provided with a set of third threaded rods. The side wall of the sampling cylinder (20) is provided with a third threaded hole at the end of the rotation path of the knob rings (21). The top surface of the vertical feeding plate (30) and the bottom surface of the lower sealing plate (26) are attached in the opening position. The material is wear-resistant alloy steel or composite wear-resistant layer with a thickness of 1.5 to 3.0 mm.
2. The soil sampling device for drought disaster survey according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom end of the loading cylinder (22) is provided with a bottom sealing plate (29). The outer diameter of the bottom sealing plate (29) is the same as the maximum outer diameter of the top of the cone-shaped soil breaking head (16). The middle part of the bottom sealing plate (29) is provided with a first hole with the same diameter as the inner cavity of the loading cylinder (22).
3. The soil sampling device for drought disaster survey according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer wall of the loading cylinder (22) is uniformly provided with multiple sets of limiting guide strips (23), and the bottom and top of the inner wall of the sampling cylinder (20) are respectively fixedly installed with a set of cross connecting rods (24). The middle part of the cross connecting rod (24) is circular, and the middle part of the cross connecting rod (24) is slidably sleeved on the loading cylinder (22). The inner wall of the middle circular ring of the cross connecting rod (24) is provided with a groove that fits with the limiting guide strip (23). The radial gap between the limiting guide strip (23) and the circular groove of the cross connecting rod (24) is not greater than 0.20 mm, and the circumferential gap is not greater than 0.30 mm, so as to ensure coaxiality.
4. The soil sampling device for drought disaster survey according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first rectangular frame (4) has a first mounting beam (5) on its middle side wall, and the first mounting beam (5) has a first threaded rod (6) in the middle horizontal direction. The first threaded rod (6) is fitted with a first arc-shaped pad (7) at one end close to the sampling cylinder (20). The arc wall of the other end of the first arc-shaped pad (7) fits with the outer wall of the sampling cylinder (20), and multiple sets of the first arc-shaped pads (7) form a ring with the same size as the outer wall of the sampling cylinder (20).
5. A soil sampling device for drought disaster survey according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second rectangular frame (9) has a second mounting beam (10) on its middle side wall, and the second mounting beam (10) has a second threaded rod (11) in the middle horizontal direction. The second threaded rod (11) is engaged and rotatably mounted with a second arc-shaped pad (12) at one end near the drive shaft (13). The arc wall of the other end of the second arc-shaped pad (12) fits with the outer wall of the drive shaft (13), and multiple sets of the second arc-shaped pads (12) form a ring with the same size as the outer wall of the drive shaft (13).
6. The soil sampling device for drought disaster survey according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the vertical connecting rod (27) matches the width of the arc-shaped sliding groove (31), and the arc-shaped sliding groove (31) has an angle of 45° to 90° along the circumferential direction. The vertical connecting rod (27) and the arc-shaped sliding groove (31) are fitted as a sliding pair with a radial clearance of 0.05 to 0.20 mm.
7. A soil sampling device for drought disaster survey according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sampling tube (20) is made of wear-resistant stainless steel and has a smooth inner wall. The inner wall of the sampling tube (20) corresponds to the position of the fixed column (28) and has a sliding groove along the length of the arc-shaped sliding groove (31). The sliding groove matches the size of the fixed column (28).
8. A soil sampling device for drought disaster survey according to claim 7, characterized in that, The top surface of the vertical feeding plate (30) is attached to the bottom surface of the lower sealing plate (26). The upper sealing plate (25) and the lower sealing plate (26) are slidably connected. The vertical connecting rod (27) and the fixed column (28) are driven by the knob ring (21) to control the overlap and unfolding of the upper sealing plate (25) and the lower sealing plate (26).
9. A soil sampling device for drought disaster survey according to claim 8, characterized in that, The adjusting plate pad is an adjustable height pad block used to adapt to uneven ground, and is connected to the bottom of the mounting frame (1) through a threaded post.
10. A soil sampling device for drought disaster survey according to claim 9, characterized in that, The bottom sealing plate (29), together with the unfolded upper sealing plate (25) and the lower sealing plate (26), form a complete disk, and the disk matches the bottom inner diameter of the sampling cylinder (20).