A test model for inner detection technology of oilfield small-bore steel pipeline

Abstract

The utility model relates to the oilfield mining field gathering and transportation technical field especially relates to a kind of oilfield small-bore steel pipeline internal detection technology test model, including experimental pipeline, cement pier, defective pipeline and detection equipment transceiver, cement pier is provided with multiple groups, experimental pipeline is fixedly installed in the upper end of cement pier, experimental pipeline annularly is laid, the elbow of experimental pipeline is adopted hot-bending elbow pipe, the middle section of experimental pipeline is provided with multiple groups defective pipeline, both ends of defective pipeline are provided with a group of bellows compensator, the start end connection point of experimental pipeline is provided with detection equipment transceiver;The utility model supports and installs experimental pipeline by cement pier, simulates the actual situation of oilfield field in-service pipeline, can receive and detect equipment inside circulating experimental pipeline by setting detection equipment transceiver, can simulate various defects generated in actual conveying process of oilfield pipeline by setting multiple groups defective pipeline, and detects defect by detection equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of oilfield gathering and transportation technology, and in particular to a test model for internal detection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oilfields. Background Technology

[0002] For a long time, the external corrosion protection of oilfield surface pipelines mainly used recycled rubber and epoxy coal tar pitch. After process improvement, epoxy powder is now used, which can basically meet the external corrosion protection requirements of pipelines in normal operation. The internal corrosion protection of pipelines mainly uses epoxy glass fiber composite lining technology, realizing the online extrusion coating of internal corrosion protection for newly built pipelines. The application of pipeline internal corrosion protection technology has effectively reduced pipeline failures caused by internal corrosion. However, as oil reservoir development enters the middle and late stages, the increase in medium water content leads to accelerated corrosion, resulting in frequent pipeline corrosion perforation. According to the actual situation on site, the main cause of failure of oilfield gathering and transportation pipelines is pipeline leakage caused by internal corrosion.

[0003] Currently, the inspection of small-diameter pipelines in oil fields usually relies on direct measurement of wall thickness through local excavation. Low-frequency ultrasonic guided wave inspection is used for pipelines in some sensitive areas. However, with the widespread application of anti-corrosion coatings inside pipelines, localized internal corrosion often occurs. Previous inspection methods cannot evaluate the corrosion situation inside the entire pipeline and are no longer suitable for current inspection needs.

[0004] Therefore, to address the above issues, a test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields can be designed and laid in a cyclical manner around the site to simulate the actual situation of pipelines in service in oil fields. Several different types of defects can be prefabricated in local pipelines, and then the applicability of internal inspection technology can be evaluated using the model to ensure the safety of pipeline production and operation. Utility Model Content

[0005] To overcome the current challenges of small-diameter pipeline inspection in oil fields, which typically relies on localized excavation to directly measure wall thickness and uses low-frequency ultrasonic guided wave inspection in some sensitive areas, the existing methods are no longer adequate to meet current inspection needs. With the widespread application of internal anti-corrosion coatings in pipelines, localized internal corrosion often occurs.

[0006] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows: a test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields, including an experimental pipeline, cement supports, defective pipelines, and a testing equipment receiving and sending device. Multiple sets of cement supports are set up. The experimental pipeline is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports. The experimental pipeline is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline. Multiple sets of defective pipelines are set in the middle section of the experimental pipeline. A set of corrugated compensators is set at both ends of the defective pipelines. The testing equipment receiving and sending device is set at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline.

[0007] Preferably, the experimental pipeline is supported and installed by setting up cement supports to simulate the actual situation of in-service pipelines in the oilfield. By setting up a detection equipment transceiver device, the detection equipment can be transmitted and received inside the circulating experimental pipeline. By setting up multiple sets of defective pipelines, various defects generated in the actual transportation process of oilfield pipelines can be simulated. The defects are detected by the detection equipment, and a detection report is generated to determine whether the detection results match the pre-fabricated defect situation. By setting up a corrugated compensator to connect the defective pipeline to the experimental pipeline, it is easy to disassemble and assemble the defective pipeline. This allows for the free configuration of defective pipelines under different conditions. In addition, the corrugated compensator can also provide deformation space for the thermal expansion and contraction of the experimental pipeline, making the overall circulating experimental pipeline installation more stable.

[0008] As a preferred option, defective pipelines include various pipeline structures that simulate irregular corrosion pits and grooves on the inner surface, simulate thinning and damage from corrosion on the outer surface of the pipeline, simulate substandard welds, and thinning of the precast inner coating.

[0009] As a preferred option, multiple sets of cement supports are arranged in descending order of height from near to far.

[0010] As a preferred option, a compaction layer is provided on the ground at the bottom of the cement support; by compacting the ground at the bottom of the cement support, the bearing capacity of the foundation can be enhanced and the risk of settlement can be reduced.

[0011] Preferably, the bending radius of the hot-bent pipe is greater than three times the pipe diameter. As a preferred option, the entire perimeter of the experimental pipeline, hot-bent pipe, and defective pipeline is covered with an epoxy powder anti-corrosion layer.

[0012] As a preferred option, the entire experimental pipeline, hot-bent pipe, and defective pipeline are covered with an insulation layer, and multiple sets of tie rings are set around the insulation layer.

[0013] As a preferred option, the insulation layer is made of rock wool, and the tie rings are made of galvanized iron sheet.

[0014] As a preferred option, the transceiver unit of the testing equipment integrates a multi-stage centrifugal submersible pump.

[0015] As a preferred option, a set of gate valves is installed inside the connecting pipes at both ends of the testing equipment transceiver and the experimental pipeline.

[0016] Preferably, the output end of the transceiver of the testing equipment is equipped with a measuring device, which is an electromagnetic flowmeter and a pressure gauge.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: The experimental pipeline is supported and installed using cement supports, resulting in an undulating design that occupies a small area. This simulates the actual conditions of in-service pipelines in the oilfield, with a high degree of consistency with the actual situation. A detection equipment transceiver device allows for the transmission and reception of detection equipment within the circulating experimental pipeline. Multiple sets of defective pipelines can simulate various defects that occur in actual oilfield pipelines during transportation. The detection equipment detects these defects and generates a report, determining whether the results match the pre-fabricated defect conditions. A corrugated compensator connects the defective pipeline to the experimental pipeline, facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the defective pipeline. This allows for the flexible configuration of defective pipelines with different conditions. Furthermore, the corrugated compensator provides deformation space for the thermal expansion and contraction of the experimental pipeline, making the overall circulating experimental pipeline installation more stable. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a plan view of the test model for the internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields according to this utility model. Figure 2 The diagram shows the external structure of the experimental pipeline of the test model for the internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields according to this utility model. Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the connection structure between the defective pipe and the experimental pipe in the test model of the internal detection technology for small-diameter steel pipes in oil fields according to this utility model. Figure 4 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural illustration of the cement support installation of the test model for the internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields according to this utility model. Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Experimental pipe; 101. Hot-bent pipe; 102. Insulation layer; 103. Binding ring; 2. Defective pipe; 201. Corrugated compensator; 3. Cement support; 301. Compacted layer; 4. Testing equipment receiving and dispatching device; 5. Gate valve; 6. Measuring device. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Example 1: Please see Figures 1-4An experimental model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3. The experimental pipeline 1 is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are provided in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is provided at both ends of the defective pipelines 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is provided at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. The defective pipelines 2 include various pipeline structures simulating irregular corrosion pits and grooves on the inner surface, thinning of the outer wall due to corrosion, damage and cracking, non-compliance of weld seams, and thinning of the prefabricated inner coating.

[0021] The experimental pipeline 1 circulates around the site, laid out with varying elevations via concrete supports 3. Multiple sets of different types of defective pipelines 2 are installed along the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1, along with a primary detection equipment receiving and dispatching device 4. The concrete supports 3 are constructed with decreasing elevations at the near and far ends, with one support built approximately every 9 meters. The supports are made of cast-in-place C15 concrete, with a 300mm thick compacted layer at the bottom, the compacted layer 301 extending 200mm beyond the outer edge of the foundation.

[0022] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: The multi-stage centrifugal submersible pump is started, and the internal detector is propelled to run and perform detection within the experimental pipeline 1 under the flow of fluid medium. The detector is retrieved by the detection equipment transceiver 4 at the end of the pipeline. When the pipeline is shut down, the gate valve 5 is opened at the lowest point of each circulation path to completely drain the fluid. Different types of defects are pre-fabricated in this experimental pipeline 1. The internal detection device performs detections and generates a report, determining whether the detection results match the pre-fabricated defect conditions.

[0023] This utility model provides a small-diameter internal inspection experimental pipeline model, entirely installed on the ground and prefabricated with defects of varying degrees and types, capable of simulating the actual conditions of oilfield production and operation. By comparing the inspection results, the adaptability of internal inspection technology can be evaluated, providing guidance for oilfield pipeline inspection technology selection and avoiding problems such as poor inspection results and cost waste caused by blind selection. This model is simple to operate, can be used long-term, and the inspection results are highly reliable and closely match the actual conditions of pipelines in operation.

[0024] Example 2: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment. When detecting and verifying irregular corrosion pits on the inner surface, this embodiment is optimized through the following structural improvements.

[0025] Please see Figures 1-4An experimental model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3. The experimental pipeline 1 is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are provided in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is provided at both ends of each defective pipeline 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is provided at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. The multiple sets of cement supports 3 decrease in height according to their proximity to the periphery. By using multiple sets of cement supports 3 in a decreasing height order according to their proximity to the periphery, the experimental pipeline 1 can be arranged with varying heights, occupying a certain area. The site area is small and closely matches the actual conditions of the pipelines in service on site; a compaction layer 301 is set at the bottom of the cement support 3; by compacting the ground at the bottom of the cement support 3, the bearing capacity of the foundation can be enhanced and the risk of settlement can be reduced; the bending radius of the hot-bent pipe 101 is greater than three times the pipe diameter of the hot-bent pipe 101; by ensuring that the bending radius of the hot-bent pipe 101 is not less than three times the pipe diameter of the hot-bent pipe, the testing equipment can pass through the bend smoothly and avoid the testing equipment getting stuck at the bend; the defective pipeline 2 includes various pipeline structures that simulate irregular corrosion pits on the inner surface, grooves on the inner surface, thinning of the outer corrosion wall and damage and cracks, unqualified welds, thinning of the precast inner coating and other defects.

[0026] Background: Traditional ultrasonic guided wave technology struggles to quantitatively assess irregular corrosion pits formed on the inner walls of oilfield pipelines due to media erosion. 1. Construct a ring-shaped experimental pipeline 1 according to the technical plan. Install a prefabricated defective pipeline 2 with irregular corrosion pits on the inner surface, 2-4 mm deep and 10-30 mm in diameter, in the middle section. Connect both ends with corrugated compensators 201.

[0027] 2. Cement supports 3 are arranged with decreasing height at the near and far ends. The ground is compacted and the bend radius is set to 4 times the diameter of the DN100 pipe, R=400mm.

[0028] 3. The entire pipeline is coated with an epoxy powder anti-corrosion layer, wrapped with a rock wool insulation layer 102, and fixed with galvanized cable rings 103.

[0029] 4. The detection equipment transceiver 4 is connected to both ends of the pipeline. Clean water is injected as the medium through a multi-stage centrifugal submersible pump, and the pressure is adjusted to 1.2MPa.

[0030] 5. The internal detector is equipped with a three-axis high-definition magnetic flux leakage sensor, which operates at a speed of 1.5 m / s, and the electromagnetic flowmeter monitors the flow stability in real time.

[0031] 6. After the inspection is completed, the extracted data is compared with the size of the precast corrosion pit. An error of ≤5% is considered as qualified.

[0032] Technical features: The 201 corrugated compensator enables quick replacement of defective modules, the bend radius is optimized to avoid equipment jamming, and the epoxy coating simulates the real working conditions for corrosion protection.

[0033] Example 3: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment in which the following structural improvements are made to optimize the detection of outer wall thinning and crack defects.

[0034] Please see Figures 1-4 A test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3 and is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are provided in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is provided at both ends of the defective pipelines 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is provided at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. The entire length of the experimental pipeline 1, hot-bent bends 101, and defective pipelines 2 is covered with an insulation layer 102, and multiple sets of tie rings 103 are provided around the insulation layer 102. The insulation layer 102 is made of rock wool, and the binding ring 103 is made of galvanized iron sheet. By setting the binding ring 103, the insulation layer 102 can be fixed to the outside of the test pipe, the hot-bent pipe 101, and the defective pipe 2. Thus, by setting the insulation layer 102, the test pipe 1, the hot-bent pipe 101, and the defective pipe 2 are protected and insulated, simulating the actual operation of the oilfield. The detection equipment receiving and sending device 4 is connected to the two ends of the test pipe 1, and a set of gate valves 5 are set inside the pipes. The defective pipe 2 includes various pipe structures that simulate irregular corrosion pits on the inner surface, grooves on the inner surface, thinning of the outer wall thickness and damage of the pipe, non-conforming welds, thinning of the prefabricated inner coating, and other defects.

[0035] Background: To verify the detection system's ability to detect both external corrosion and weld cracks in pipelines. Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. Defective pipe 2: The prefabricated outer wall is uniformly thinned by 50% of the remaining wall thickness and there is a circumferential crack with a length of 50mm and a depth of 2mm.

[0036] 2. The cement support pier 3 adopts a three-level decreasing layout, and pressure gauges are installed at the bends to monitor stress changes.

[0037] 3. The thickness of the insulation layer 102 has been increased to 80mm to simulate the insulation requirements of extremely cold environments.

[0038] 4. The detection equipment was changed to an ultrasonic + magnetic flux leakage composite sensor, and an eddy current signal receiving module was added to the transceiver device.

[0039] 5. Reduce the operating speed to 0.8m / s, focus on collecting data in the bend area, and adjust the gate valve 5 opening to 50% to control the flow rate.

[0040] 6. Analyze the characteristics of crack signals and compare them with the amplitude differences in the thinned region to establish a composite defect identification model.

[0041] Technical features: Composite sensors improve the recognition rate of multiple types of defects; the thickness of the insulation layer 102 can be adjusted to adapt to environmental variables; and the gate valve 5 controls and optimizes the medium flow field.

[0042] Example 4: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment. When evaluating the detection effect of local damage to the inner anti-corrosion layer on the corrosion of the substrate, this embodiment is optimized through the following structural improvements.

[0043] Please see Figures 1-4 An experimental model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3 and is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are provided in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is provided at both ends of the defective pipelines 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is provided at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. An epoxy powder anti-corrosion layer is provided around the entire perimeter of the experimental pipeline 1, the hot-bent bends 101, and the defective pipelines 2. The epoxy powder anti-corrosion layer can extend the service life of the overall test model. The defective pipelines 2 include various pipeline structures simulating irregular corrosion pits and grooves on the inner surface, thinning of the outer wall due to corrosion, crack formation due to damage, unqualified welds, and thinning of the prefabricated inner coating.

[0044] Implementation Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of detection on the corrosion of the substrate caused by localized damage to the internal anti-corrosion layer.

[0045] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. The pre-cast epoxy coating on the inner wall of defective pipe 2 has a thinning area of ​​200×150mm, with the thickness reduced to 50% of the original, and is covered with simulated corrosion products.

[0046] 2. The testing equipment is equipped with an infrared thermal imaging module, and the transceiver device integrates an online coating thickness monitoring instrument.

[0047] 3. During operation, the medium is circulated and heated to 45°C using a submersible pump to accelerate the coating aging simulation.

[0048] 4. After data acquisition, compare the thermal imaging spectrum with the magnetic flux leakage signal to establish a coating-substrate corrosion correlation model.

[0049] 5. Disassemble defective pipe 2. The coating thickness measured is considered acceptable if the error between the measured coating thickness and the test value is ≤8%.

[0050] Technical features: Fusion of infrared thermal imaging and magnetic flux leakage data; temperature control to simulate accelerated corrosion; online coating monitoring to improve detection efficiency.

[0051] Example 5: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment in which the ability of the testing and inspection equipment to pass through a compact layout bend is optimized through the following structural improvements.

[0052] Please see Figures 1-4 A test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and a testing equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3 and is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are provided in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is installed at both ends of the defective pipelines 2. The testing equipment transceiver device 4 is installed at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. The bending radius of the hot-bent bend 101 is greater than three times the diameter of the pipe. By ensuring that the bending radius of the hot-bent bend 101 is not less than three times the diameter of the pipe, the testing equipment can pass smoothly through the bend, avoiding obstruction at the bend. A measuring device 6, consisting of an electromagnetic flowmeter and a pressure gauge, is installed at the output end of the testing equipment transceiver device 4. The measuring device 6 can monitor the medium flow rate and operating pressure in real time.

[0053] Implementation Background: To test the ability of testing equipment to pass through bends in a compact layout.

[0054] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. Set the bend radius to 3 times the pipe diameter of DN80 pipe, R=240mm, and shorten the straight pipe section to 1.5m after the bend.

[0055] 2. Defective pipe 2 is installed on the straight section after the bend, simulating stress corrosion cracking with a length of 30mm and a depth of 1.5mm.

[0056] 3. The testing equipment adopts a flexible chain structure, with each section connected by universal joints, shortening the total length to 0.8m.

[0057] 4. Increase the medium pressure to 1.5MPa and adjust the flow rate to 8m³ / h to test the attitude stability of the equipment at the bend.

[0058] 5. Collect the signal-to-noise ratio in the bend area and optimize the sensor spacing to 15mm.

[0059] Technical features: Flexible equipment design adapts to small radius bends, pressure and flow rate adjustment verifies passability thresholds, and noise analysis optimizes sensor layout.

[0060] Example 6: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment. In the comprehensive verification of the multi-defect pipeline 2, this embodiment is optimized through the following structural improvements.

[0061] Please see Figures 1-4 An experimental model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3. The experimental pipeline 1 is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are provided in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is provided at both ends of the defective pipelines 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is provided at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1.

[0062] Implementation Background: Testing the ability to simultaneously detect multiple types of defects under complex working conditions. Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. Single-section defective pipe 2 integrates three types of defects: internal corrosion pit depth 3mm, outer wall thinning remaining wall thickness 60%, and axial crack length 40mm.

[0063] 2. When laying the pipeline in a ring, two bends with a radius of 4D are set, and the length of the straight pipe section in the middle is adjusted to 8m.

[0064] 3. The detection equipment adopts a multi-frequency ultrasonic transducer array, and the transceiver device adds a phase control module.

[0065] 4. The operating speed was adjusted in stages from 1.0m / s to 0.5m / s, and the defect recognition rate was compared at different speeds.

[0066] 5. Data post-processing employs clustering analysis algorithms to establish a defect type-signal feature database.

[0067] Technical features: Multi-frequency ultrasound improves the resolution of complex defects, speed grading optimizes detection accuracy, and algorithm upgrades enable automatic classification.

[0068] Example 7: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment. When verifying the detection stability of the system under high-temperature conveying medium, this embodiment is optimized through the following structural improvements.

[0069] Please see Figures 1-4A test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and a testing equipment transceiver 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3. The experimental pipeline 1 is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are provided in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is provided at both ends of the defective pipelines 2. The testing equipment transceiver 4 is provided at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. The experimental pipeline 1, hot-bent bends 101, and defective pipelines 2 are all covered with a heat insulation layer 102. Multiple sets of tie rings 103 are provided around the heat insulation layer 102.

[0070] Implementation background: To verify the detection stability of the system under high-temperature conveying media.

[0071] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. The outer insulation layer 102 of the experimental pipe 1 has been upgraded to aluminum silicate fiber, and the temperature resistance has been increased to 250℃.

[0072] 2. The testing equipment integrates high-temperature resistant electronic components with an operating temperature of ≤180℃, and the transceiver device is equipped with a cooling circulation system.

[0073] 3. Heat the medium to 120℃ and run it continuously for 48 hours, monitoring the signal attenuation of the equipment.

[0074] 4. The pre-fabricated thermal fatigue crack in defective pipe 2 is 20mm long and 1mm deep. The effect of high temperature on crack propagation was tested.

[0075] 5. Compare the difference in defect amplitude under normal temperature and high temperature conditions, and correct the temperature compensation coefficient.

[0076] Technical features: High-temperature resistant components work in conjunction with the cooling system; the 102 insulation layer is upgraded to expand application scenarios; and the temperature compensation algorithm improves data accuracy.

[0077] Example 8: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment. In solving the problem of pipeline detection for low-yield oilfields, this embodiment is optimized through the following structural improvements.

[0078] Please see Figures 1-4An experimental model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3 and is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are provided in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is provided at both ends of the defective pipelines 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is provided at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 integrates a multi-stage centrifugal submersible pump. The multi-stage centrifugal submersible pump uses clean water as the medium and as the power source for the inspection equipment, allowing the inspection equipment to circulate within the experimental pipeline 1.

[0079] Background: To solve the problem of pipeline inspection for low-yield oilfields.

[0080] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. Set the submersible pump to the minimum flow rate of 2 m³ / h and adjust the medium viscosity to 5 mPa·s to simulate high water content crude oil.

[0081] 2. The detection equipment is equipped with a flow field disturbance suppression device, and the transceiver device is equipped with a pressure fluctuation buffer tank.

[0082] 3. For defective pipe 2, a shallow surface corrosion depth of 1mm and an area of ​​100×80mm were set to test the signal acquisition capability under low flow rate.

[0083] 4. The operating speed is reduced to 0.3m / s, and the sensor sampling rate is increased to 2000Hz.

[0084] 5. Analyze the background noise characteristics under low flow conditions and design an adaptive filtering algorithm.

[0085] Technical features: The flow field suppression device reduces media interference, the sampling rate is increased to capture weak signals, and the optimized filtering algorithm improves the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0086] Example 9: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment in which the stability test of pipeline vibration environment detection is optimized through the following structural improvements.

[0087] An experimental model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3. The experimental pipeline 1 is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are provided in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is provided at both ends of the defective pipelines 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is provided at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1.

[0088] Background: To assess the impact of external vibrations on test results.

[0089] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. Install a vibration table below the bend in the experimental pipe section 1 and apply random vibration with a frequency of 5-50Hz and an amplitude of 0.5mm.

[0090] 2. The testing equipment has a built-in acceleration sensor to monitor the vibration status of the equipment in real time.

[0091] 3. The prefabricated axial groove of the defective pipe 2 has a depth of 2mm and a length of 60mm. The defect identification rate is tested under vibration environment.

[0092] 4. Record vibration parameters synchronously during data acquisition and establish a vibration-signal interference model.

[0093] 5. Optimize the equipment's vibration damping structure to control the signal deviation caused by vibration to within 10%.

[0094] 6. Technical features: The vibration table simulates real working conditions, the acceleration sensor realizes environmental monitoring, and the vibration reduction design improves the adaptability of the equipment.

[0095] Example 10: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment in which the automatic positioning function verification of the internal detector is optimized through the following structural improvements.

[0096] An experimental model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3. The experimental pipeline 1 is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are provided in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is provided at both ends of the defective pipelines 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is provided at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1.

[0097] Implementation background: To achieve precise spatial positioning of defect locations.

[0098] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. RFID positioning tags are installed every 5m along the experimental pipeline 1, and the detection equipment integrates an RFID reading module.

[0099] 2. After the defective pipe 2 is installed, its spatial coordinates X, Y, Z are measured using a total station.

[0100] 3. When the testing equipment is running, it synchronously records RFID tag information and defect signal timestamps.

[0101] 4. During data processing, the time signal is converted into spatial coordinates by combining the three-dimensional model of the pipeline.

[0102] 5. Compare the measured coordinates with the positioning results; an error of ≤0.5m is considered acceptable.

[0103] Technical features: RFID tags enable mileage positioning, 3D models assist in spatial transformation, and time-coordinate dual calibration improves positioning accuracy.

[0104] Example 11: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment for the integrity testing of epoxy powder anti-corrosion layers. In this embodiment, optimization is achieved through the following structural improvements.

[0105] A test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and a testing equipment transceiver 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3 and is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are provided in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is installed at both ends of each defective pipeline 2. The testing equipment transceiver 4 is installed at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. An epoxy powder anti-corrosion layer is provided around the entire perimeter of the experimental pipeline 1, the hot-bent bends 101, and the defective pipelines 2. The epoxy powder anti-corrosion layer extends the service life of the overall test model.

[0106] Integrity testing of epoxy powder coating Implementation Background: To expand the system's ability to inspect the external anti-corrosion coating of pipelines.

[0107] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. Defective pipe 2 has pinholes in the pre-cast epoxy powder coating on the outer wall with a diameter of 0.5 mm, a density of 5 pinholes / m², and a peeling area of ​​100×50 mm.

[0108] 2. The testing equipment is equipped with an electric spark leak detector module, and the transceiver device integrates a coating thickness sensor.

[0109] 3. During operation, the working voltage of the EDM module is adjusted to 15kV to scan the coating surface.

[0110] 4. The test data is compared with the prefabricated defects. The pinhole recognition rate is ≥95%, and the boundary error of the peeling area is ≤10mm.

[0111] 5. After disassembling the pipeline, verify the consistency between the measured coating defects and the test results.

[0112] Technical features: The electric spark leak detector integrates external anti-corrosion layer detection, optimizes the working voltage to balance sensitivity and interference, and improves positioning accuracy through a peeling zone boundary algorithm.

[0113] Example 12: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment in which the following structural improvements are made to optimize the detection and verification of weld non-fusion defects.

[0114] A test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3 and is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are provided in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is installed at both ends of each defective pipeline 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is installed at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 integrates a multi-stage centrifugal submersible pump. The multi-stage centrifugal submersible pump uses clean water as the medium and as the power source for the inspection equipment, allowing the inspection equipment to circulate within the experimental pipeline 1. A measuring device 6, consisting of an electromagnetic flowmeter and a pressure gauge, is installed at the output end of the inspection equipment transceiver device 4. The measuring device 6 allows for real-time monitoring of the medium flow rate and operating pressure.

[0115] Background: Incomplete fusion defects in the circumferential welds of oilfield gathering and transportation pipelines are one of the main causes of leakage accidents. Statistics show that in the past five years, pipeline failures caused by weld defects accounted for 37% of all failures in a certain domestic oilfield. Among these, incomplete fusion defects are a major pain point in the industry due to their high concealment and difficulty in identification by traditional detection methods. While existing radiographic testing can identify such defects, it requires shutdown operations, incurs high radiation protection costs (over 100,000 yuan per test), and cannot meet the inspection needs of in-service pipelines. This invention combines a phased array ultrasonic probe with TOFD imaging technology to achieve high-precision scanning of the weld area, solving the problems of low efficiency and high radiation risk associated with traditional methods.

[0116] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. The precast circumferential weld of defective pipe 2 has a length of 20mm and a depth of 1.5mm, and the morphology of the defect was confirmed by metallographic analysis.

[0117] 2. The weld area of ​​the experimental pipe 1 is connected by hot-bent pipe 101, and the bend radius is set to 4 times the pipe diameter DN150 pipe, R=600mm.

[0118] 3. The testing equipment is equipped with a phased array ultrasonic probe that focuses on the weld area, and the probe frequency is adjusted to 5MHz to optimize resolution.

[0119] 4. Adjust the medium pressure to 1.0MPa, and run the detection equipment at a speed of 1.2m / s, focusing on collecting signals from the weld area.

[0120] 5. During data processing, TOFD imaging technology is used to reconstruct the weld cross-section and compare the acoustic time difference between the non-fusion area and the normal weld.

[0121] 6. After disassembling the pipeline, cut the weld to verify the test results, requiring a non-fusion defect identification rate of ≥90%.

[0122] Technical features: Phased array ultrasonic probes enable precise scanning of the weld area, while TOFD imaging improves defect location accuracy. Optimized bend radius ensures smooth equipment passage and avoids jamming.

[0123] Compared with existing technologies:

[0124] Example 13: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment, which is optimized through the following structural improvements when detecting open-circuit stress corrosion in buried pipelines.

[0125] The entire perimeter of experimental pipeline 1, hot-bent pipe 101, and defective pipeline 2 is covered with an epoxy powder anti-corrosion layer. This epoxy powder anti-corrosion layer extends the service life of the overall test model. The entire perimeter of experimental pipeline 1, hot-bent pipe 101, and defective pipeline 2 is also covered with an insulation layer 102, with multiple sets of binding rings 103 around the insulation layer 102. The insulation layer 102 is made of rock wool, and the binding rings 103 are made of galvanized iron. The binding rings 103 secure the insulation layer 102 to the perimeter of the experimental pipeline, hot-bent pipe 101, and defective pipeline 2, thus providing protection and insulation for these components and simulating actual oilfield operation. Implementation Background: To simulate corrosion cracking of buried pipelines caused by soil stress and to verify external detection capabilities.

[0126] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. The soil box buried in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1 contains a mixture of sand and clay with a water content of 15%. The outer wall of the defective pipeline 2 has a pre-existing stress corrosion crack with a length of 30 mm and a depth of 2 mm.

[0127] 2. Temperature and humidity sensors are installed inside the soil tank to monitor environmental parameters in real time and simulate different levels of soil corrosivity.

[0128] 3. The testing equipment is equipped with an electrochemical noise sensor, and the transceiver device integrates a soil resistivity tester.

[0129] 4. During operation, the insulation layer 102 heats the pipeline to 35°C, accelerating the electrochemical corrosion reaction.

[0130] 5. Collect electrochemical noise signals and combine them with crack propagation rate models to predict remaining service life.

[0131] 6. After the experiment, the pipeline was excavated to verify the consistency between the crack morphology and the test data.

[0132] Technical features: The soil chamber simulates a real buried environment, and electrochemical sensors monitor the corrosion process.

[0133] Temperature and humidity control accelerates defect evolution and improves detection efficiency.

[0134] Compared with existing technologies:

[0135] Example 14: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment in which the adaptability test is performed in a multiphase flow medium. This embodiment is optimized through the following structural improvements.

[0136] An experimental model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3. The experimental pipeline 1 is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are installed in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is installed at both ends of the defective pipelines 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is installed at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. The model utilizes cement supports... Pier 3 supports and installs the experimental pipeline 1, simulating the actual situation of in-service pipelines in the oilfield. By setting up a detection equipment transceiver device 4, the detection equipment can be sent and received inside the circulating experimental pipeline 1. By setting up multiple sets of defective pipelines 2, various defects generated in the actual transportation process of oilfield pipelines can be simulated, and the defects can be detected by the detection equipment, generating a detection report. The detection equipment transceiver device 4 integrates a multi-stage centrifugal submersible pump. The multi-stage centrifugal submersible pump serves as the power source for the detection equipment, enabling the detection equipment to circulate with the medium inside the experimental pipeline 1.

[0137] Background: During the high water-cut development phase of oilfields, the media within pipelines generally exhibit multiphase flow characteristics of oil, water, and gas. The complex flow patterns (such as slug flow and foam flow) lead to signal attenuation rates exceeding 40% with traditional ultrasonic testing. Field tests at an oilfield showed that the false negative rate of magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection equipment under multiphase flow conditions reached as high as 25%, seriously threatening pipeline safety. This invention overcomes the signal interference bottleneck in multiphase flow media by combining a Doppler current meter with an impedance spectrum sensor and a wavelet denoising algorithm, increasing the defect identification rate to over 85%, thus meeting the practical needs of oilfields with large fluctuations in production.

[0138] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. The medium in experimental pipeline 1 was adjusted to an oil-water mixture with a water content of 70%, and a bubble generator was added to simulate the gas phase.

[0139] 2. The detection equipment is equipped with a Doppler flow meter and an impedance spectrum sensor to simultaneously collect flow pattern and defect signals.

[0140] 3. The inner surface of defective pipe 2 was fitted with corrosion pits with a depth of 3mm, and the signal stability under different flow patterns, such as laminar flow and slug flow, was tested.

[0141] 4. Adjust the medium flow rate to 0.5-2.0 m / s using gate valve 5, and analyze the effect of flow rate on defect identification rate.

[0142] 5. During data processing, wavelet transform is used to filter out flow pattern noise and extract defect feature frequencies.

[0143] 6. Compare the detection signal-to-noise ratio under single-phase flow and multi-phase flow conditions, and optimize the sensor placement angle.

[0144] Technical features: 1. Doppler current meter enables flow pattern identification, and impedance spectrum sensor captures changes in medium conductivity.

[0145] 2. Wavelet algorithms improve signal purity and adapt to complex manifolds.

[0146] Compared with existing technologies:

[0147] Example 15: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment in which intelligent path planning and obstacle avoidance are optimized through the following structural improvements.

[0148] A test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oilfields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3 and is laid in a loop. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are installed in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is installed at both ends of each defective pipeline 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is installed at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. By setting up cement supports 3 to support and install the experimental pipeline 1, the actual situation of in-service pipelines in an oilfield is simulated. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 can transmit and receive inspection equipment inside the circulating experimental pipeline 1. By setting up multiple sets of defective pipes 2, various defects generated during the actual transportation process of oilfield pipelines can be simulated. The defects are detected by detection equipment, and a detection report is generated to determine whether the detection results match the pre-fabricated defect situation. By setting up a corrugated compensator 201 to connect the defective pipe 2 to the experimental pipe 1, it is easy to disassemble and assemble the defective pipe 2, so that different types of defective pipes 2 can be freely configured. The corrugated compensator 201 can also provide deformation space for the thermal expansion and contraction of the experimental pipe 1, making the installation of the overall circulating experimental pipe 1 more stable. By ensuring that the bending radius of the hot-bent pipe 101 is not less than three times the pipe diameter of the hot-bent pipe, it can be ensured that the detection equipment can pass through the bend smoothly and avoid the detection equipment getting stuck at the bend.

[0149] Background: Oilfield water injection pipelines are prone to shrinkage due to scaling and deposits, resulting in poor throughput of traditional inspection equipment (blockage rate exceeding 15%). In 2023, an oilfield experienced 23 operational interruptions due to equipment blockage, resulting in direct economic losses exceeding 3 million yuan. This invention integrates lidar mapping with inertial navigation, presets a deformation threshold (ellipticity ≥10%), and enables the equipment to autonomously avoid obstacles with a success rate ≥95%, significantly reducing on-site manual intervention costs.

[0150] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. The middle section of the experimental pipeline is set with a simulated deformation zone with an ellipticity of 15%, and the deformation is controlled by a hydraulic device.

[0151] 2. The detection equipment integrates lidar and inertial navigation modules to build a three-dimensional map of the pipeline in real time.

[0152] 3. Before running, the deformation threshold is preset through the host computer software. When the ellipticity is ≥10%, the avoidance is triggered.

[0153] 4. After the detection equipment is started, the lidar scans the outline of the pipeline in front, and the inertial navigation corrects the positional deviation.

[0154] 5. When encountering a deformation zone, the equipment automatically decelerates and adjusts its travel angle, recording the avoidance path data.

[0155] 6. After the experiment, analyze the success rate of avoidance and the efficiency of path optimization, requiring a success rate of ≥95%.

[0156] Technical features: 1. LiDAR enables real-time mapping, while inertial navigation ensures positioning accuracy.

[0157] 2. Threshold triggering mechanism enhances autonomous decision-making capabilities and adapts to complex pipeline environments.

[0158] Compared with existing technologies:

[0159] Example 16: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment in which the following structural improvements are made to optimize 5G remote data transmission and cloud analysis.

[0160] Multiple sets of defective pipes 2 are installed in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. Each end of the defective pipe 2 is equipped with a set of corrugated compensators 201. A detection equipment transceiver 4 is installed at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of gate valves 5 is installed inside the pipes connecting the detection equipment transceiver 4 to both ends of the experimental pipeline 1. A measuring device 6, consisting of an electromagnetic flowmeter and a pressure gauge, is installed at the output end of the detection equipment transceiver 4. By installing the measuring device 6, the medium flow rate and operating pressure can be monitored in real time. Background: Oilfield pipelines are widely distributed (the average length of a single well's gathering and transportation pipeline exceeds 5km). Traditional detection data requires manual export and analysis, with report generation taking up to 72 hours, which is insufficient to meet emergency repair needs. In 2024, secondary accidents caused by delayed detection data accounted for 18% of those in a certain oilfield. This invention utilizes 5G low-latency transmission (≤50ms) and an edge computing gateway to achieve real-time uploading of detection data to the cloud, reducing AI model preprocessing time to within 10 minutes, providing immediate support for on-site decision-making.

[0161] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. The testing equipment has a built-in 5G communication module, and the transceiver is connected to the edge computing gateway.

[0162] 2. Test pipeline 1 is equipped with multiple sets of internal corrosion and external cracks, and the testing equipment runs at a speed of 1.0 m / s.

[0163] 3. During data acquisition, the raw signal is transmitted to the cloud server in real time via the 5G network with a delay of ≤50ms.

[0164] 4. Deploy a defect identification AI model in the cloud to preprocess and perform preliminary analysis on the data.

[0165] 5. The on-site operation terminal receives feedback results from the cloud, including the defect type, location, and severity.

[0166] 6. Compare the results of local analysis with those of cloud-based diagnostics, ensuring consistency of ≥90%.

[0167] Technical features: 1. 5G modules ensure low-latency transmission, while edge computing reduces cloud load.

[0168] 2. AI models enable real-time preliminary diagnosis, improving the speed of emergency response.

[0169] Compared with existing technologies:

[0170] Example 17: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment, which is optimized through the following structural improvements when the crawler and the internal detector cooperate in detection.

[0171] A test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oilfields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3. The experimental pipeline 1 is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are installed in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is installed at both ends of the defective pipelines 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is installed at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. By setting up cement supports 3 to support and install the experimental pipeline 1, the actual situation of in-service pipelines in oilfields is simulated. The detection equipment transceiver 4 can transmit and receive detection equipment inside the circulating experimental pipeline 1. By setting up multiple sets of defective pipelines 2, various defects generated during the actual transportation process of oilfield pipelines can be simulated. The defects are detected by the detection equipment, and a detection report is generated to determine whether the detection results match the pre-fabricated defect situation. By setting up a corrugated compensator 201, the defective pipeline 2 is connected to the experimental pipeline 1, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the defective pipeline 2. Thus, different defective pipelines 2 can be freely configured. In addition, the corrugated compensator 201 can also provide deformation space for the thermal expansion and contraction of the experimental pipeline 1, making the overall circulating experimental pipeline 1 more stable.

[0172] Implementation Background: Combining different testing equipment to improve the comprehensiveness of defect identification in complex pipelines.

[0173] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. Experimental pipeline 1 is equipped with a crawler carrying a visual sensor and an internal detector magnetic leakage sensor.

[0174] 2. The crawler first scans the inner wall of the pipe to identify macroscopic deformations or blockages, and then the internal detector performs fine inspection.

[0175] 3. Defective pipe 2 is provided with an inner coating peeling area of ​​200×100mm and a micro crack length of 15mm.

[0176] 4. The crawler's vision system acquires images and marks suspicious areas using image recognition algorithms.

[0177] 5. The internal detector focuses on scanning the marked area, while the magnetic flux leakage sensor collects wall thickness data.

[0178] 6. During data fusion, visual markers and magnetic flux leakage signals are compared to establish a multi-source data association model.

[0179] Technical features: 1. The crawler's macroscopic detection and the internal detector's fine detection work together, and image recognition guides magnetic flux leakage scanning.

[0180] 2. Multi-source data fusion improves diagnostic reliability and reduces the false negative rate.

[0181] Compared with existing technologies:

[0182] Example 18: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment for long-term monitoring of microcrack propagation, which is optimized through the following structural improvements.

[0183] A test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oilfields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3. The experimental pipeline 1 is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are installed in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is installed at both ends of the defective pipelines 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is installed at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. By setting up cement supports 3 to support and install the experimental pipeline 1, the actual situation of in-service pipelines in oilfields is simulated. The detection equipment transceiver 4 can transmit and receive detection equipment inside the circulating experimental pipeline 1. By setting up multiple sets of defective pipelines 2, various defects generated during the actual transportation process of oilfield pipelines can be simulated. The defects are detected by the detection equipment, and a detection report is generated to determine whether the detection results match the pre-fabricated defect situation. By setting up a corrugated compensator 201, the defective pipeline 2 is connected to the experimental pipeline 1, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the defective pipeline 2. Thus, different defective pipelines 2 can be freely configured. In addition, the corrugated compensator 201 can also provide deformation space for the thermal expansion and contraction of the experimental pipeline 1, making the overall circulating experimental pipeline 1 more stable.

[0184] Background: Micro-cracks (length <10mm) in pipelines are difficult to detect in the early stages of service, but their propagation rate can reach 0.1mm / day, making it difficult for traditional annual inspections to capture early-stage cracks. In a certain oilfield, 70% of sudden leaks caused by crack propagation occurred between two inspection cycles. This invention combines regular (weekly) inspections with a crack propagation model to achieve a remaining service life prediction error of ≤8%, providing data support for predictive maintenance.

[0185] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. The defective pipe 2 has a pre-fabricated initial crack with a length of 10 mm and a depth of 0.5 mm, and is installed in the middle section of the experimental pipe 1.

[0186] 2. The testing equipment is run once a week, and crack signals are collected and environmental parameters such as temperature and pressure are recorded each time.

[0187] 3. After each inspection, the defective pipe 2 is disassembled using the corrugated compensator 201, and the crack length and depth are measured.

[0188] 4. During data processing, establish a model relating crack propagation rate to stress intensity factor.

[0189] 5. Compare the detection data with the measured values ​​and optimize the expansion rate prediction algorithm.

[0190] 6. The experiment lasted for 3 months to verify the stability of the model in long-term monitoring.

[0191] Technical features: 1. Regular testing enables dynamic tracking, and environmental parameter records are incorporated into lifespan assessment.

[0192] 2. The extended rate model quantifies the risk level and predicts the remaining lifespan.

[0193] Compared with existing technologies:

[0194] Example 19: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment, which provides three-dimensional laser scanning detection of pipeline deformation. This embodiment is optimized through the following structural improvements.

[0195] A test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oilfields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3. The experimental pipeline 1 is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are installed in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is installed at both ends of the defective pipelines 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is installed at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. By setting up cement supports 3 to support and install the experimental pipeline 1, the actual situation of in-service pipelines in oilfields is simulated. The detection equipment transceiver 4 can transmit and receive detection equipment inside the circulating experimental pipeline 1. By setting up multiple sets of defective pipelines 2, various defects generated during the actual transportation process of oilfield pipelines can be simulated. The defects are detected by the detection equipment, and a detection report is generated to determine whether the detection results match the pre-fabricated defect situation. By setting up a corrugated compensator 201, the defective pipeline 2 is connected to the experimental pipeline 1, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the defective pipeline 2. Thus, different defective pipelines 2 can be freely configured. In addition, the corrugated compensator 201 can also provide deformation space for the thermal expansion and contraction of the experimental pipeline 1, making the overall circulating experimental pipeline 1 more stable.

[0196] Implementation Background: To quantify deformation parameters such as ellipticity and curvature of pipelines and assess structural integrity.

[0197] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. A hydraulic deformation device is installed in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1, which can control the ellipticity of 0-20% and the bending angle of 0-15°.

[0198] 2. The testing equipment is equipped with a 3D laser scanner, with the scanning frequency adjusted to 1000Hz to capture minute deformations.

[0199] 3. During operation, gradually increase the deformation amount, and collect scan data after each adjustment.

[0200] 4. During data processing, the three-dimensional model of the pipeline is reconstructed using point cloud algorithms, and the ellipticity and curvature are calculated.

[0201] 5. Compare the laser scanning results with the hydraulic device settings; the error should be ≤2%.

[0202] 6. After the experiment, analyze the influence of different deformation amounts on the detection signal and optimize the scanning parameters.

[0203] Technical features: 1. High-precision topography detection is achieved through 3D laser scanning, and the model is quickly reconstructed using point cloud algorithms.

[0204] 2. Quantitatively assess structural risks based on deformation to guide maintenance decisions.

[0205] Compared with existing technologies:

[0206] Example 20: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment, which provides artificial intelligence defect classification and rating. This embodiment is optimized through the following structural improvements.

[0207] A test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oilfields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3 and is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are installed in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is installed at both ends of the defective pipelines 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is installed at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. By setting up cement supports 3 to support and install the experimental pipeline 1, the actual situation of in-service pipelines in an oilfield is simulated. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 can transmit and receive inspection equipment inside the circulating experimental pipeline 1. Setting up multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 can simulate various defects generated during the actual transportation process of oilfield pipelines. The defects are detected by detection equipment, and a detection report is generated to determine whether the detection results match the pre-fabricated defect conditions. By setting up a corrugated compensator 201, the defective pipeline 2 is connected to the experimental pipeline 1, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the defective pipeline 2. Thus, different types of defective pipelines 2 can be freely configured. In addition, the corrugated compensator 201 can also provide deformation space for the thermal expansion and contraction of the experimental pipeline 1, making the installation of the overall circulating experimental pipeline 1 more stable. The defective pipeline 2 includes simulated irregular corrosion pits on the inner surface, grooves on the inner surface, simulated thinning of the outer corrosion wall and damage seams, simulated unqualified welds, thinning of the pre-fabricated inner coating, and other defects.

[0208] Background: Traditional defect rating relies on human experience, with different inspectors rating the same defect differently in up to 20%, leading to confusion in maintenance priorities. In 2023, invalid maintenance due to rating disputes accounted for 15% of the work in a certain oilfield. This invention uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to automatically classify defect types (accuracy ≥85%) and quantify ratings (Levels I-IV), eliminating subjective interference and optimizing maintenance resource allocation.

[0209] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. Construct a defect sample library containing magnetic flux leakage signals and image data of five types of defects, including internal corrosion, external cracks, and weld defects.

[0210] 2. The detection equipment collects defect signals from experimental pipeline 1 and transmits them to the AI ​​analysis platform via 5G.

[0211] 3. The platform deploys a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to extract and classify signals.

[0212] 4. The model outputs defect types, sizes, and severity ratings from level I to level IV.

[0213] 5. Compare the AI ​​classification results with the manually labeled true values, requiring an accuracy rate of ≥85%.

[0214] 6. Regularly update the model with new detection data to achieve continuous learning and optimization.

[0215] Technical features: 1. The CNN model achieves end-to-end defect identification, and the continuous learning mechanism adapts to new defect patterns.

[0216] 2. The rating system quantifies the risk level and guides the priority of maintenance.

[0217] Compared with existing technologies:

[0218] Example 21: Optionally, this utility model provides another embodiment, which provides multi-model data fusion and three-dimensional visualization. This embodiment is optimized through the following structural improvements.

[0219] A test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oilfields includes an experimental pipeline 1, cement supports 3, defective pipelines 2, and an inspection equipment transceiver device 4. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 are provided. The experimental pipeline 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports 3 and is laid in a ring. Hot-bent bends 101 are used at the bends of the experimental pipeline 1. Multiple sets of defective pipelines 2 are installed in the middle section of the experimental pipeline 1. A set of corrugated compensators 201 is installed at both ends of each defective pipeline 2. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 is installed at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipeline 1. By setting up cement supports 3 to support and install the experimental pipeline 1, the actual situation of in-service pipelines in oilfields is simulated. The inspection equipment transceiver device 4 can transmit and receive inspection equipment inside the circulating experimental pipeline 1. By setting up multiple sets of defective pipelines 2, various defects generated in oilfield pipelines during actual transportation can be simulated, and the defects can be detected through inspection. The testing equipment detects defects and generates a test report, determining whether the test results match the prefabricated defect conditions. A corrugated compensator 201 connects the defective pipe 2 to the experimental pipe 1, facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the defective pipe 2. This allows for flexible configuration of the defective pipe 2 under different conditions. The corrugated compensator 201 also provides deformation space for the thermal expansion and contraction of the experimental pipe 1, making the overall circulating experimental pipe 1 more stable. The defective pipe 2 includes simulated irregular corrosion pits and grooves on the inner surface, simulated thinning and cracking of the outer wall due to corrosion, simulated weld defects, and thinning of the prefabricated inner coating. Multiple sets of cement supports 3 decrease in height from near to far. By using multiple sets of cement supports 3 decreasing in height from near to far, the experimental pipe 1 can be set up with varying heights, occupying a small area and closely matching the actual conditions of the in-service pipeline.

[0220] Background: Single detection modes (such as magnetic flux leakage and ultrasound) have limitations: magnetic flux leakage cannot detect coating defects, and ultrasound has low sensitivity to deep defects. In the inspection of composite defect pipelines in an oilfield, the missed detection rate of a single device reached 40%. This utility model generates a three-dimensional defect map of the pipeline by fusing multi-source data from magnetic flux leakage, ultrasound, and infrared, improving the defect location accuracy to ±2mm, supporting on-site visualization with AR glasses, and significantly improving maintenance efficiency.

[0221] Specific implementation process of this embodiment: 1. The testing equipment simultaneously collects data on magnetic flux leakage wall thickness, ultrasonic cracks, and infrared coating.

[0222] 2. Data is transmitted to the cloud via 5G for time synchronization and spatial registration.

[0223] 3. The fusion algorithm maps different modal data to the three-dimensional coordinate system of the pipeline to generate a defect heat map.

[0224] 4. The 3D visualization platform displays the location, type, and severity of defects and supports interactive queries.

[0225] 5. On-site operators can view the 3D model through AR glasses to guide maintenance decisions in real time.

[0226] 6. Compare the fused data with the single-modal detection results to verify the complementarity of multi-source data.

[0227] Technical features: 1. Multimodal data is collected synchronously, and spatial registration algorithms enable accurate fusion.

[0228] 2. AR technology improves on-site decision-making efficiency, and three-dimensional visualization intuitively displays defects.

[0229] Compared with existing technologies:

[0230] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields, comprising an experimental pipeline (1), characterized in that: It also includes cement supports (3), defective pipes (2) and testing equipment receiving and sending devices (4). There are multiple sets of cement supports (3). The experimental pipe (1) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cement supports (3). The experimental pipe (1) is laid in a ring. Hot-bent pipes (101) are used at the bends of the experimental pipe (1). There are multiple sets of defective pipes (2) in the middle section of the experimental pipe (1). A set of corrugated compensators (201) is installed at both ends of the defective pipes (2). Testing equipment receiving and sending devices (4) are installed at the beginning and end connection points of the experimental pipe (1).

2. The test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: Defective pipelines (2) include various pipeline structures with defects such as simulated irregular corrosion pits on the inner surface, grooves on the inner surface, simulated thinning of the outer corrosion wall and damage forming seams, simulated unqualified welds, and thinning of the prefabricated inner coating.

3. The test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground at the bottom of the cement support (3) is provided with a compaction layer (301).

4. The test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bending radius of the hot-bent pipe (101) is greater than three times the pipe diameter of the hot-bent pipe (101).

5. The test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple sets of cement supports (3) are arranged in descending order of height from near to far.

6. The test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental pipeline (1), the hot-bent pipe (101), and the defective pipeline (2) are all surrounded by an epoxy powder anti-corrosion layer.

7. The test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental pipe (1), the hot-bent pipe (101) and the defective pipe (2) are all covered with a heat insulation layer (102), and multiple sets of lashing rings (103) are set around the heat insulation layer (102).

8. The test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields according to claim 7, characterized in that: The insulation layer (102) is made of rock wool, and the tie ring (103) is made of galvanized iron sheet.

9. The test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection equipment receiving and sending device (4) integrates a multi-stage centrifugal submersible pump.

10. The test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the testing equipment receiving and transmitting device (4) and the experimental pipeline (1) are equipped with a set of gate valves (5).

11. The test model for internal inspection technology of small-diameter steel pipelines in oil fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the transceiver device (4) of the detection equipment is equipped with a measuring device (6), which is an electromagnetic flowmeter and a pressure gauge.

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