A reliability detection device suitable for an aluminum air battery

Abstract

The utility model belongs to aluminium air battery technical field discloses a reliability detection device suitable for aluminium air battery. In the device, the plug interface, power module, comparison circuit and indicator lamp circuit are electrically connected in turn, both ends of each short circuit wire are electrically connected with adjacent metal sheets respectively, and the two outermost metal sheets are electrically connected to the plug interface through the access terminal, the comparison circuit includes the comparator, the same direction input end of comparator is electrically connected with the plug interface, and the reverse input end is electrically connected with the external threshold voltage end, the indicator lamp circuit includes the first indicating circuit and the second indicating circuit, the first indicating circuit is directly electrically connected with the output end of comparator, and the second indicating circuit is electrically connected with the output end of comparator through the inverter. The utility model has the advantages of simple operation, can effectively guarantee product quality and service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of aluminum-air battery technology, and specifically to a reliability testing device suitable for aluminum-air batteries. Background Technology

[0002] An aluminum-air battery is a type of metal fuel cell that generates electricity based on the electrochemical reaction between aluminum and oxygen. It has common applications in outdoor emergency response and communication scenarios.

[0003] An aluminum-air battery includes a battery cavity and metal plates spaced apart within the cavity; each metal plate constitutes an aluminum anode. In practical applications, an electrolyte needs to be filled into the battery cavity, at which point the aluminum anodes and air cathodes react. To ensure the overall reliability of the aluminum-air battery connection, a brine power generation test is required after assembly. This involves filling the battery cavity with brine as the electrolyte to determine if current is generated. Following successful inspection, the brine is removed, the battery is rinsed with clean water, and the entire unit is dried.

[0004] While the aforementioned saltwater power generation test can detect aluminum-air battery products with poor connections, the process is cumbersome and requires a lot of manpower and resources. Furthermore, inadequate cleaning can lead to new quality problems or lifespan issues for the aluminum-air batteries, such as causing the batteries to remain in a discharged state and reducing their lifespan. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a reliability testing device for aluminum-air batteries, so as to solve the technical problems that existing aluminum-air battery reliability testing processes are cumbersome and prone to introducing new quality defects or life defects.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes the following technical solution:

[0007] This technical solution provides a reliability testing device suitable for aluminum-air batteries, including several mutually cooperating shorting wires, a power module, a comparison circuit, an indicator light circuit, and a connector.

[0008] The connector, the power module, the comparator circuit, and the indicator light circuit are connected in sequence; both ends of each shorting wire are electrically connected to the adjacent metal plate, and the two outermost metal plates are electrically connected to the connector through the access terminal.

[0009] The comparison circuit includes a comparator, the non-inverting input of which is electrically connected to the connector, and the inverting input of which is electrically connected to an external threshold voltage terminal; the indicator circuit includes a first indicator circuit and a second indicator circuit, the first indicator circuit being directly electrically connected to the output of the comparator, and the second indicator circuit being electrically connected to the output of the comparator via an inverter.

[0010] Furthermore, the power module includes a power adapter and a current limiting circuit;

[0011] The power adapter is electrically connected to the current limiting circuit, and the plug interface is electrically connected to the current limiting circuit.

[0012] Furthermore, the current limiting circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a first transistor, a second transistor, and a first capacitor;

[0013] The first resistor is connected in series with the second resistor, and the third resistor is connected in series with the fourth resistor; the unused terminal of the first resistor is electrically connected to both the power adapter and the emitter of the second transistor, and the unused terminal of the second resistor is electrically connected to both the emitter and base of the first transistor; the unused terminal of the third resistor is electrically connected to the base of the first transistor, and the unused terminal of the fourth resistor is grounded; the common terminal of the third and fourth resistors is electrically connected to the collector of the second transistor; one end of the first capacitor is connected to the collector of the first transistor, and the other end is grounded; the collector of the first transistor is also electrically connected to the connector.

[0014] Furthermore, the comparison circuit includes a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, and a fourth capacitor;

[0015] The fifth resistor is connected in series with the sixth resistor, and the second capacitor is connected in parallel with the third capacitor; the unused end of the sixth resistor is electrically connected to one end of the fourth capacitor and then connected to a DC power supply, and the unused end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the other end of the fourth capacitor and then grounded; the common end of the fifth and sixth resistors is electrically connected to the inverting input of the comparator; one common end of the second and third capacitors is grounded, and the other common end is electrically connected to the DC power supply and then connected to the power supply terminal of the comparator; one end of the seventh resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the comparator, and the other end is electrically connected to the indicator light circuit.

[0016] Furthermore, the first indicator circuit includes a first light-emitting diode, a third transistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, and a fifth capacitor;

[0017] The fifth capacitor is connected in parallel with the eighth resistor, and the ninth resistor is connected in series with the first light-emitting diode. One common terminal of the fifth capacitor and the eighth resistor is electrically connected to the base of the third transistor and connected to the output terminal of the comparator via the seventh resistor. The other common terminal is electrically connected to the emitter of the third transistor and then grounded. The unused terminal of the ninth resistor is electrically connected to the collector of the third transistor. The unused terminal of the first light-emitting diode is connected to a DC power supply.

[0018] Furthermore, the second indicator circuit includes a second light-emitting diode, a fourth transistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, and a sixth capacitor;

[0019] One end of the sixth capacitor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the DC power supply and then connected to the power supply terminal of the inverter; one end of the tenth resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the inverter, and the other end is electrically connected to the base of the fourth transistor; one end of the eleventh resistor is electrically connected to the base of the fourth transistor, and the other end is electrically connected to the emitter of the fourth transistor and then grounded; the twelfth resistor is connected in series with the second light-emitting diode, the unused end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the DC power supply, and the unused end of the twelfth resistor is electrically connected to the collector of the fourth transistor; wherein, the input terminal of the inverter is electrically connected to the output terminal of the comparator, and is electrically connected to the external DC power supply through a pull-up resistor.

[0020] Furthermore, it includes several pluggable connectors; each pluggable connector is detachably snapped onto each metal plate, and the two ends of each short wire are connected to each pluggable connector.

[0021] Furthermore, the comparator is model AP331AWG-7.

[0022] Furthermore, the inverter model number is 74AHC1G14SE-7.

[0023] Furthermore, this includes a power indicator circuit;

[0024] The power indicator circuit includes a thirteenth resistor and a third light-emitting diode connected in series; the unused end of the thirteenth resistor is electrically connected to the power module, and the unused end of the third light-emitting diode is connected to the DC power supply.

[0025] Beneficial effects:

[0026] This technical solution provides a reliability testing device suitable for aluminum-air batteries, which solves the technical defects of current aluminum-air battery reliability testing, such as cumbersome process and the ease with which new quality defects or life defects are introduced due to incomplete cleaning.

[0027] The device includes several interlocking jumpers, a power module, a comparator circuit, an indicator light circuit, and a connector. In terms of connection, the connector, power module, comparator circuit, and indicator light circuit are sequentially electrically connected. Both ends of each jumper are electrically connected to adjacent metal plates, and the two outermost metal plates are electrically connected to the connector via access terminals. In the specific circuit design, the comparator circuit includes a comparator, with its non-inverting input electrically connected to the connector and its inverting input electrically connected to an external threshold voltage terminal. The indicator light circuit includes a first indicator circuit and a second indicator circuit. The first indicator circuit is directly electrically connected to the output of the comparator, and the second indicator circuit is electrically connected to the output of the comparator via an inverter.

[0028] In actual testing, each metal plate is first shorted using jumper wires. Then, the shorted metal plates are connected to a comparator circuit via connectors. The voltage to be tested after shorting the metal plates is compared with an external threshold voltage. After comparison by the comparator circuit, an indicator light from either the first or second indicator circuit is triggered. The reliability of the connection is then directly determined by the indicator light status. After passing the test, the jumper wires can be removed for assembly and shipment. This method offers advantages such as simple and convenient reliability testing, low cost, and eliminates the need for electrolyte, thus avoiding defects introduced due to inadequate cleaning of the test electrolyte.

[0029] It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and the additional concepts described in more detail below can be considered as part of the utility model subject matter of this disclosure, provided that such concepts do not contradict each other.

[0030] The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments, and features of the present invention will be more fully understood from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Other additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and / or beneficial effects of exemplary embodiments, will become apparent from the following description or may be learned through practice of specific embodiments according to the teachings of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component shown in the various figures may be denoted by the same reference numeral. For clarity, not every component is labeled in each figure. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of the reliability testing device for aluminum-air batteries described in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art to which this utility model pertains.

[0034] The terms "first," "second," and similar words used in this utility model patent application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms of "an," "a," or "the," etc., do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" indicate that the element or object preceding "comprising" encompasses the features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, and / or components listed following "comprising" or "including," and do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or collections thereof. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0035] Aluminum-air batteries are metal fuel cells designed based on electrochemical reactions, commonly used in outdoor emergency response and communication scenarios. The conventional method for testing the overall connection reliability of aluminum-air batteries after installation is to add salt water for power generation testing. After passing the test, the salt water is removed, the battery is rinsed with clean water, and finally, the entire unit is dried. While these operations can detect products with poor connections, they require significant manpower and resources, including equipment and time costs. Furthermore, inadequate cleaning can lead to new quality problems or lifespan issues in the aluminum-air batteries. Therefore, this embodiment aims to provide a reliability testing device suitable for aluminum-air batteries, enabling rapid and accurate testing without introducing new battery defects.

[0036] The following description, in conjunction with the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, provides a more detailed account of the reliability testing device for aluminum-air batteries disclosed in this utility model.

[0037] Combination Figure 1 As shown, the device described in this embodiment includes several shorting wires that cooperate with each other, a power module, a comparison circuit, an indicator light circuit, and a connector.

[0038] Specifically, the connector CN, the power module, the comparator circuit, and the indicator light circuit are electrically connected in sequence; both ends of each jumper wire are electrically connected to the adjacent metal plate, and the two outermost metal plates are electrically connected to the connector CN through access terminals. In this embodiment, the connector CN is model S2P-VH(LF)(SN). To facilitate electrical connection operations between the metal plates based on jumper wires, several pluggable connectors are provided. Each pluggable connector is detachably snapped onto each metal plate. To connect the metal plates, simply connect both ends of each jumper wire to the corresponding pluggable connector. Conversely, to disconnect the electrical connection between the metal plates, simply remove the pluggable connector from the metal plate.

[0039] The comparison circuit includes a comparator U1, whose non-inverting input is electrically connected to the connector CN, and whose inverting input is electrically connected to an external threshold voltage terminal. The indicator circuit includes a first indicator circuit and a second indicator circuit. The first indicator circuit is directly electrically connected to the output of the comparator U1, and the second indicator circuit is electrically connected to the output of the comparator U1 via an inverter U2. In this embodiment, the comparator U1 is model AP331AWG-7; the inverter U2 is model 74AHC1G14SE-7.

[0040] As a specific implementation, to ensure the normal operation of the comparator U1 and inverter U2 of the aforementioned model, the power module described in this embodiment includes a power adapter and a current-limiting circuit. Correspondingly, the power adapter is electrically connected to the current-limiting circuit, and the connector CN is also electrically connected to the current-limiting circuit. In this embodiment, the power adapter is a 5V power adapter.

[0041] Specifically, the current limiting circuit includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q2, and a first capacitor C1. In this embodiment, the first transistor Q1 is a B772M (RANGE: 200-400) or BCX53-16,115. In the circuit connection, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected in series, and the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 are connected in series. The unused terminal of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to both the power adapter and the emitter of the second transistor Q2. The unused terminal of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to both the emitter and base of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2. The unused terminal of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected to the base of the first transistor Q1, and the unused terminal of the fourth resistor R4 is grounded. The common terminal of the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected to the collector of the second transistor Q2. One end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the collector of the first transistor Q1, and the other end is grounded. The collector of the first transistor Q1 is also electrically connected to the connector. Alternatively, an operational amplifier combined with a transistor can be used to construct the current-limiting circuit.

[0042] In practical implementation, the current limiting circuit is connected to the power adapter via a USB interface. To confirm whether the power supply is properly connected, a power indicator circuit is also provided. The power indicator circuit includes a thirteenth resistor R13 and a third light-emitting diode LED3 connected in series. The unused terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13 is electrically connected to the power adapter, and the unused terminal of the third light-emitting diode LED3 is connected to a DC power supply. In this embodiment, the USB interface is a TYPE-C16PIN. The third light-emitting diode LED3 is model XL-1608UBC-04.

[0043] Meanwhile, to facilitate the switching of power signals during testing for anomaly detection or test termination due to other reasons, a switch SW is also included. One end of the switch SW is electrically connected to the VBUS pin of the USB interface, and the other end is electrically connected to the non-common terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13. To disconnect the power, simply turn on the switch SW.

[0044] To ensure the safety of the circuit when the power is connected, a fuse BT is also installed. At this time, the switch SW is electrically connected to the VBUS pin of the USB interface via the fuse BT.

[0045] The comparator circuit includes a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, and a fourth capacitor C4. The fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6, and the fourth capacitor C4 are connected to an external DC power supply to form the external threshold voltage terminal.

[0046] In the specific circuit connection, the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 are connected in series, and the second capacitor C2 and the third capacitor C3 are connected in parallel. The unused terminal of the sixth resistor R6 is electrically connected to one end of the fourth capacitor C4 and then connected to the DC power supply. The unused terminal of the fifth resistor R5 is electrically connected to the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 and then grounded. The common terminal of the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal of comparator U1. One common terminal of the second capacitor C2 and the third capacitor C3 is grounded, and the other common terminal is electrically connected to the DC power supply and then connected to the power supply terminal of comparator U1. One end of the seventh resistor R7 is electrically connected to the output terminal of comparator U1, and the other end is electrically connected to the indicator light circuit.

[0047] The indicator circuit includes a first indicator circuit comprising a first light-emitting diode (LED1), a third transistor (Q3), an eighth resistor (R8), a ninth resistor (R9), and a fifth capacitor (C5). In the specific circuit connection, the fifth capacitor (C5) is connected in parallel with the eighth resistor (R8), and the ninth resistor (R9) is connected in series with the first LED1. One common terminal of the fifth capacitor (C5) and the eighth resistor (R8) is electrically connected to the base of the third transistor (Q3) and then connected to the output of comparator U1 via the seventh resistor (R7); the other common terminal is electrically connected to the emitter of the third transistor (Q3) and then grounded. The unused terminal of the ninth resistor (R9) is electrically connected to the collector of the third transistor (Q3). The unused terminal of the first LED1 is connected to a DC power supply. In this embodiment, the first LED1 is model TZ-L2-03YYBR2RDJ30-003, and the third transistor (Q3) is model MMBT3904-E.

[0048] Similarly, the second indicating circuit includes a second light-emitting diode (LED2), a fourth transistor (Q4), a tenth resistor (R10), an eleventh resistor (R11), a twelfth resistor (R12), and a sixth capacitor (C6). Specifically, one end of the sixth capacitor (C6) is grounded, and the other end is connected to a DC power supply and then to the power supply terminal of the inverter U2. One end of the tenth resistor (R10) is electrically connected to the output terminal of the inverter U2, and the other end is electrically connected to the base of the fourth transistor (Q4). One end of the eleventh resistor (R11) is electrically connected to the base of the fourth transistor (Q4), and the other end is connected to the emitter of the fourth transistor (Q4) and then grounded. The twelfth resistor (R12) is connected in series with the second LED2, and the unused end of the twelfth resistor (R12) is connected to a DC power supply and to the collector of the fourth transistor (Q4). The input terminal of the inverter U2 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the comparator U1 and is connected to an external DC power supply via a pull-up resistor (R14). In this embodiment, the second light-emitting diode LED2 is model number TZ-L2-03YYBR2RDJ30-003, and the fourth transistor Q4 is model number MMBT3904-E.

[0049] To facilitate direct display differentiation, in this embodiment, the first light-emitting diode (LED1) and the second light-emitting diode (LED2) emit different colors. Specifically, the first light-emitting diode (LED1) is a red light-emitting diode, and the second light-emitting diode (LED2) is a green light-emitting diode.

[0050] In practical implementation, firstly, each plug-in connector is snapped onto each metal plate to achieve short-circuiting between the metal plates using shorting wires. Secondly, switch SW is turned off to connect a constant current through the power supply, and the aluminum-air battery to be tested is connected to the connector CN through the access terminal and connected to the comparison circuit. If the voltage to be tested after short-circuiting of each metal plate is compared with the external threshold voltage, and after comparison by the comparison circuit, the indicator light of the first indicator circuit or the second indicator circuit is triggered to light up. In this embodiment, if the test fails, the first LED1 of the first indicator circuit is triggered to light up; otherwise, the second LED2 of the second indicator circuit is triggered to light up. Thus, the reliability of the connection can be directly determined by the status of the indicator lights. After the test, the plug-in connectors can be removed and the shorting wires can be removed for installation and shipment. This has the advantages of simple and convenient reliability testing, low cost, and no need for electrolyte, thus avoiding other defects introduced due to inadequate cleaning of the test electrolyte.

[0051] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains can make various modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this invention shall be determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A reliability testing device suitable for aluminum-air batteries, characterized in that, It includes several jumper wires that work together, a power module, a comparator circuit, an indicator light circuit, and connectors; The connector, the power module, the comparator circuit, and the indicator light circuit are connected in sequence; both ends of each shorting wire are electrically connected to the adjacent metal plate, and the two outermost metal plates are electrically connected to the connector through the access terminal. The comparison circuit includes a comparator, the non-inverting input of which is electrically connected to the connector, and the inverting input of which is electrically connected to an external threshold voltage terminal; the indicator circuit includes a first indicator circuit and a second indicator circuit, the first indicator circuit being directly electrically connected to the output of the comparator, and the second indicator circuit being electrically connected to the output of the comparator via an inverter.

2. The reliability testing device for aluminum-air batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power module includes a power adapter and a current limiting circuit; The power adapter is electrically connected to the current limiting circuit, and the plug interface is electrically connected to the current limiting circuit.

3. The reliability testing device for aluminum-air batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that, The current limiting circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a first transistor, a second transistor, and a first capacitor; The first resistor is connected in series with the second resistor, and the third resistor is connected in series with the fourth resistor; the unused terminal of the first resistor is electrically connected to both the power adapter and the emitter of the second transistor, and the unused terminal of the second resistor is electrically connected to both the emitter and base of the first transistor; the unused terminal of the third resistor is electrically connected to the base of the first transistor, and the unused terminal of the fourth resistor is grounded; the common terminal of the third and fourth resistors is electrically connected to the collector of the second transistor; one end of the first capacitor is connected to the collector of the first transistor, and the other end is grounded; the collector of the first transistor is also electrically connected to the connector.

4. The reliability testing device for aluminum-air batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comparison circuit includes a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, and a fourth capacitor; The fifth resistor is connected in series with the sixth resistor, and the second capacitor is connected in parallel with the third capacitor; the unused end of the sixth resistor is electrically connected to one end of the fourth capacitor and then connected to a DC power supply, and the unused end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the other end of the fourth capacitor and then grounded; the common end of the fifth and sixth resistors is electrically connected to the inverting input of the comparator; one common end of the second and third capacitors is grounded, and the other common end is electrically connected to the DC power supply and then connected to the power supply terminal of the comparator; one end of the seventh resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the comparator, and the other end is electrically connected to the indicator light circuit.

5. The reliability testing device for aluminum-air batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first indicator circuit includes a first light-emitting diode, a third transistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, and a fifth capacitor; The fifth capacitor is connected in parallel with the eighth resistor, and the ninth resistor is connected in series with the first light-emitting diode. One common terminal of the fifth capacitor and the eighth resistor is electrically connected to the base of the third transistor and connected to the output terminal of the comparator via the seventh resistor. The other common terminal is electrically connected to the emitter of the third transistor and then grounded. The unused terminal of the ninth resistor is electrically connected to the collector of the third transistor. The unused terminal of the first light-emitting diode is connected to a DC power supply.

6. The reliability testing device for aluminum-air batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second indicator circuit includes a second light-emitting diode, a fourth transistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, and a sixth capacitor; One end of the sixth capacitor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the DC power supply and then connected to the power supply terminal of the inverter; one end of the tenth resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the inverter, and the other end is electrically connected to the base of the fourth transistor; one end of the eleventh resistor is electrically connected to the base of the fourth transistor, and the other end is electrically connected to the emitter of the fourth transistor and then grounded; the twelfth resistor is connected in series with the second light-emitting diode, the unused end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the DC power supply, and the unused end of the twelfth resistor is electrically connected to the collector of the fourth transistor; wherein, the input terminal of the inverter is electrically connected to the output terminal of the comparator, and is electrically connected to the external DC power supply through a pull-up resistor.

7. The reliability testing device for aluminum-air batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes several pluggable connectors; each pluggable connector is detachably snapped onto each metal plate, and the two ends of each short wire are correspondingly fixed to each pluggable connector.

8. The reliability testing device for aluminum-air batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comparator is model AP331AWG-7.

9. The reliability testing device for aluminum-air batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inverter model is 74AHC1G14SE-7.

10. The reliability testing device for aluminum-air batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes power indicator circuitry; The power indicator circuit includes a thirteenth resistor and a third light-emitting diode connected in series; the unused end of the thirteenth resistor is electrically connected to the power module, and the unused end of the third light-emitting diode is connected to the DC power supply.

Images