An optical path switching device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of optical path switching devices, including shell, motor, main control circuit board, screw mechanism, two limit switches and optical element mounting seat, motor, main control circuit board, screw mechanism and two limit switches are all installed on the shell and all be located in the shell;Single-chip microcontroller and motor drive module are installed on main control circuit board;Screw mechanism includes screw and screw nut, the output shaft of the motor is connected with the screw, to be used to drive the axial movement of screw nut along screw;Two limit switches are arranged along the axial direction of the screw, for limiting the displacement of screw nut, each limit switch is connected with the single-chip microcontroller respectively;Optical element mounting seat is detachably connected on the screw nut.The utility model can quickly install different specifications, different function optical elements on the device, without complex modification or redesign to whole optical path switching device, greatly save time and cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of optical components, and more specifically, relates to an optical path switching device. Background Technology

[0002] In optical systems, optical path switching devices are important optical components widely used in optical experiments, optical inspection, and optical communication. In complex optical systems, such as optical communication networks and optical experimental platforms, optical path switching devices can switch optical signals from one optical path to another to meet the needs of different transmission paths or experimental schemes. They can select specific optical elements to participate in the optical path, and can selectively move different optical elements, such as lenses, filters, and mirrors, into or out of the optical path to achieve different processing functions for optical signals.

[0003] However, in existing technologies, optical path switching devices mostly adopt a separate design, meaning the control module, drive module, and mechanical actuator are independently set up, resulting in a large overall size. This discrete design requires additional wiring, occupies space, and is difficult to adapt to compact optical platforms. In space-constrained experimental environments, such as portable optical equipment or miniature optical systems, the large size of the optical path switching device occupies valuable experimental space, restricts the layout and installation of other optical components, and thus affects the integration and performance of the entire optical system.

[0004] In addition, existing optical path switching devices also have the following problems: 1) Limited Mounting Interfaces for Optical Components: Traditional devices have fixed mounting interfaces for optical components, making them incompatible with different specifications of optical elements (such as 30 mm coaxial and SM1 threads). This often necessitates custom-made adapters for different optical components in practical applications, increasing cost and complexity. For example, in the laboratory, researchers may use various types of optical components, such as lenses, filters, and mirrors, each with different sizes and interface types. If the optical path switching device cannot directly accommodate these components, additional time and effort must be spent finding or manufacturing adapters, undoubtedly reducing experimental efficiency.

[0005] 2) Difficulty in adapting optical devices: In practical applications, the size and shape of optical experimental platforms will vary depending on experimental requirements. The existing optical experimental platforms are integrated with the base, forming a single structure, which makes it difficult to adapt to experimental platforms of different sizes (such as a miniature 15×15cm platform).

[0006] 3) Lack of modular design in the overall device: Users cannot flexibly adjust the mechanical structure according to experimental needs. In optical experiments, experimental conditions and requirements may change at any time, requiring flexible adjustments to the optical path. However, existing optical switching devices lack modular design, making it difficult to easily add or remove functional modules, thus failing to meet users' personalized needs. For example, when it is necessary to add new optical elements or change the optical path, it may be necessary to redesign and manufacture the entire device, which is obviously detrimental to the rapid progress of experiments.

[0007] 4) Limited Functionality: Lacking interfaces for device integration, it is difficult to synchronously trigger external instruments (such as cameras, lasers, etc.). In modern optical experiments, multiple instruments often need to work together to achieve complex optical functions and measurement tasks. However, existing optical path switching devices lack effective interfaces and communication protocols with other devices, making synchronous triggering and data sharing impossible. This poses challenges to the automation and integration of experiments.

[0008] 5) The physical buttons are poorly designed, lacking mechanisms to prevent accidental touches and provide status feedback, which affects operational reliability. In actual operation, the design of physical buttons directly impacts the user experience and accuracy. If the buttons lack accidental touch prevention, misoperation may occur, affecting the normal operation of the device; if there is no status feedback mechanism, users cannot promptly understand the device's operating status, which may lead to operational errors or misunderstandings of experimental results. Utility Model Content

[0009] In view of the above-mentioned defects or improvement needs of the existing technology, this utility model provides an optical path switching device, in which the lead screw nut can drive the optical element mounting base to move, allowing the optical element on the optical element mounting base to enter or exit the optical path, thereby realizing optical path switching. The optical element mounting base can be easily replaced to meet the high-precision optical path switching needs of multiple scenarios.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, according to this utility model, an optical path switching device is provided, characterized in that it includes a housing, a motor, a main control circuit board, a lead screw mechanism, two limit switches, and an optical element mounting base, wherein: The motor, main control circuit board, lead screw mechanism and two limit switches are all mounted on the housing and are all located inside the housing; The main control circuit board is equipped with a microcontroller and a motor drive module, and the motor drive module is connected to the microcontroller and the motor respectively. The lead screw mechanism includes a lead screw and a lead screw nut mounted on the lead screw. The lead screw is connected to the output shaft of the motor to drive the lead screw nut to move along the axial direction of the lead screw. The two limit switches are arranged along the axial direction of the lead screw to limit the displacement of the lead screw nut, and each limit switch is connected to the microcontroller. The optical element mounting base is detachably connected to the lead screw nut for mounting optical elements.

[0011] Preferably, the optical element mounting base is mounted on the lead screw nut by multiple bolts.

[0012] Preferably, the optical element mounting base is provided with an SM1 threaded hole and / or multiple connection holes for connecting the cage structure.

[0013] Preferably, the optical element mounting base is an optical breadboard.

[0014] Preferably, the microcontroller is equipped with a UART interface.

[0015] Preferably, the housing is equipped with control buttons connected to the microcontroller, the control buttons extend beyond the outer wall of the housing, and the main control circuit board is provided with an RC debouncing circuit connected to the microcontroller to eliminate the jitter of the control buttons.

[0016] Preferably, the main control circuit board is equipped with a USB Type-C interface connected to the microcontroller for connecting to a host computer, and the housing is provided with a slot corresponding to the USB Type-C interface.

[0017] Preferably, the limit switch is a photoelectric switch, the motor drive module uses a TMC2209 chip, and the microcontroller is a 51 microcontroller.

[0018] Preferably, the housing is further provided with two parallel limiting plates arranged along the axial direction of the lead screw, and each limiting plate is equipped with a buffer spring for contacting the lead screw nut.

[0019] Preferably, the motor is a stepper motor.

[0020] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solution conceived by this utility model can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1) This utility model's optical path switching device integrates key components such as the motor, main control circuit board, lead screw mechanism, and limit switches into a housing, forming a complete and independent optical path switching system. The microcontroller on the main control circuit board works in conjunction with the motor drive module to precisely control the motor's operation, thereby driving the lead screw in the lead screw mechanism to move the lead screw nut axially. This design enables precise control of the optical element mounting position, allowing it to flexibly move the optical element into or out of the optical path as needed, thus completing the optical path switching operation. Furthermore, two limit switches arranged along the lead screw axis and connected to the microcontroller effectively limit the displacement range of the lead screw nut, preventing excessive movement that could damage the device or cause optical path switching errors. The detachable connection between the optical element mounting base and the lead screw nut greatly facilitates the replacement and maintenance of optical elements, enabling the device to adapt to different types and specifications of optical elements and meet diverse optical path switching needs.

[0021] 2) The optical path switching device of this utility model features a detachable optical element mounting base, which gives the device a high degree of flexibility and versatility. In practical applications, there are many types and shapes of optical elements, and different experimental or optical communication scenarios have different requirements for optical elements. Through simple disassembly and replacement operations, users can quickly install optical elements of different specifications and functions onto the device without having to make complex modifications or redesigns to the entire optical path switching device, which greatly saves time and costs.

[0022] 3) The optical path switching device has a compact overall structure, facilitating installation and integration into various optical systems. Compared to traditional discrete optical path switching devices, its rational layout and compact arrangement of internal components significantly reduce the device's size, making it easier to install and use in limited spaces. This is particularly suitable for miniature optical platforms or portable optical devices with stringent space requirements. This not only improves the space utilization of optical systems but also strongly supports the miniaturization and integration of optical systems, expanding the application range of optical path switching devices. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drive and control system on the main control circuit board of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the limit switch of this utility model when a photoelectric switch is used.

[0024] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1. Motor; 2. Main control circuit board; 3. Optical component mounting base; 31. Connection hole; 32. SM1 threaded hole; 4. USB Type-C interface; 5. Control button; 6. Limit switch; 7. Lead screw nut; 8. Limit plate; 9. Buffer spring; 10. Housing; 11. Lead screw. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present utility model described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0026] Reference Figures 1-3 An optical path switching device includes a housing 10, a motor 1, a main control circuit board 2, a lead screw mechanism, two limit switches 6, and an optical element mounting base 3, wherein: The motor 1, main control circuit board 2, lead screw mechanism and two limit switches 6 are all mounted on the housing 10 and are all located inside the housing 10.

[0027] The main control circuit board 2 is equipped with a microcontroller and a motor drive module, and the motor drive module is connected to the microcontroller and the motor 1 respectively.

[0028] The lead screw mechanism includes a lead screw 11 and a lead screw nut 7 mounted on the lead screw. The lead screw 11 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 1 to drive the lead screw nut 7 to move axially along the lead screw 11. The lead screw nut 7 can be mounted on a guide rail, which is mounted on the housing 10.

[0029] Two limit switches 6 are arranged along the axial direction of the lead screw 11 to limit the displacement of the lead screw nut 7, and each limit switch 6 is connected to the microcontroller.

[0030] The optical element mounting base 3 is detachably connected to the lead screw nut 7 for mounting optical elements. The motor 1 drives the lead screw mechanism, and the lead screw nut 7 moves the optical element mounting base 3, which in turn moves the optical element on the optical element mounting base 3 into and out of the optical path, realizing optical path switching.

[0031] This utility model integrates drive and control onto a single main control circuit board 2, and integrates key components such as motor 1, main control circuit board 2, lead screw mechanism and limit switch 6 into the housing 10 to reduce external wiring, reducing the volume by more than 40% compared to similar products.

[0032] Furthermore, the optical element mounting base 3 is mounted on the lead screw nut 7 using multiple bolts. This connection method provides a stable and reliable fixing means for the optical element mounting base 3, and makes installation and disassembly operations more convenient and quick, ensuring the stability of the optical element during optical path switching.

[0033] The lead screw nut 7 is provided with threaded mounting holes for mounting bolts. These threaded mounting holes are pre-drilled standardized mounting holes, supporting quick replacement of the following two types of optical component mounting brackets 3: 1) 30mm Coaxial Adapter Block: The 30mm coaxial adapter block is equipped with SM1 threaded holes 32 and / or multiple connecting holes 31 for connecting cage structures. It has a built-in coaxial slot to accommodate optical components of various diameters, and locking screws (M3×5mm) are provided on the edge to prevent displacement. It adopts the SM1 (1.035"-40UNS) standard thread interface, compatible with optical components from brands such as Thorlabs. In the field of optics, the SM1 threaded hole 32 is a standardized interface widely used in optical components; many optical components, such as lenses and lens barrels, have matching threads. The cage structure is a common mounting and positioning structure for optical components, characterized by flexibility and ease of expansion. Through optical components... The mounting base 3 is equipped with an SM1 threaded hole 32 and / or a connection hole 31 for connecting to a cage structure. This optical path switching device can achieve rapid connection and precise alignment with a large number of optical components of different brands and specifications on the market. For complex optical systems built with a cage structure, the optical component mounting base 3 can be easily integrated into it, connecting and fixing with other optical components and support structures in the cage system, realizing flexible expansion and adjustment of the optical path. This support for multiple common interfaces not only reduces the limitations for users when purchasing optical components, but also reduces the cost and time required for custom adapters due to interface incompatibility, enabling the optical path switching device to be more widely used in different optical experimental platforms and optical communication systems.

[0034] 2) Replaceable optical breadboard: A standardized 15×15cm small optical breadboard is used, with an M6 threaded hole array (25mm spacing, compatible with Thorlabs standard) distributed on the surface of the optical breadboard; the versatility and flexibility of the optical breadboard can be fully utilized, which greatly facilitates the installation of optical components and the construction of optical paths, and can meet the diverse component layout requirements of complex optical experiments and systems.

[0035] In addition, the optical component mounting base 3 can be replaced with other functional platforms (such as a custom platform with heat dissipation holes or shockproof structure).

[0036] Furthermore, the microcontroller is equipped with a UART interface. The UART interface supports user-configurable external trigger signals (such as TTL level output) for synchronous control of other devices. The UART interface aims to provide a data transmission and communication channel between the optical path switching device and other external devices or control systems, enabling external control and functional expansion of the device. The UART interface is a crucial interface for the microcontroller to interact with the outside world; by providing a UART interface on the microcontroller, the optical path switching device can easily connect and communicate with other external devices such as light sources and cameras.

[0037] Furthermore, a control button 5 connected to the microcontroller is installed on the outer casing 10. The control button 5 extends beyond the outer wall of the outer casing 10. An RC debouncing circuit connected to the microcontroller is provided on the main control circuit board 2 to eliminate the bounce of the control button 5, providing users with a more convenient and intuitive manual control method. This also improves the stability and reliability of the control signal, avoiding misoperation caused by button bounce. The control button 5 provides users with a simple and direct operating interface. Even without a host computer or other complex control equipment, users can quickly perform basic operations of the optical path switching device, such as starting, stopping, and switching optical paths, by pressing the control button 5, improving the ease of use and operation of the device. The introduction of the RC debouncing circuit effectively solves the common bounce problem of mechanical buttons. At the moment the button is pressed and released, it eliminates multiple false trigger signals caused by bounce, ensuring that the microcontroller receives accurate control signals. This guarantees the accurate execution of the optical path switching action, avoiding problems such as optical path confusion and experimental data errors that may occur due to misoperation, improving the stability and reliability of the device, and enhancing the user experience. A short press of control button 5 triggers a single-step movement (step length can be preset) or moves to a photoelectric switch on one side. A long press of control button 5 resets the current action and returns to the origin.

[0038] Furthermore, the main control circuit board 2 is equipped with a USB Type-C interface 4 connected to the microcontroller for connecting to a host computer. The USB Type-C interface 4 is preferably located on the edge of the main control circuit board. The housing 10 has a slot corresponding to the USB Type-C interface 4, enabling more advanced control, parameter setting, software upgrades, and data transmission functions, thus improving the device's intelligence and human-computer interaction experience. The USB Type-C interface 4, as a universal interface widely used in modern electronic devices, has advantages such as high transmission speed, convenient connection, and reversible insertion. Through this interface connected to a host computer, users can remotely control and precisely adjust the optical path switching device using specially developed control software, such as setting parameters like the motor 1's running speed, displacement, and limit position, to achieve more complex optical path switching control strategies and automated experimental processes. Simultaneously, the USB Type-C interface 4 also facilitates software upgrades and maintenance. Researchers can send new program code to the microcontroller through the host computer to update and improve the device's control logic and functions, enabling it to continuously adapt to new application requirements and technological developments. Furthermore, the USB Type-C interface 4 can be used to integrate the optical path switching device with other devices into a complete optical measurement and control system, enabling real-time data transmission and sharing. For example, in an optical detection system, the optical path switching device can be connected to devices such as photodetectors and data acquisition cards via USB Type-C to achieve automatic switching, detection, and data processing of optical signals, improving the integration and efficiency of the entire system. A UART interface is reserved on the microcontroller, and a USB-to-UART chip is installed on the main control circuit. This chip connects to both the USB Type-C interface 4 and the UART interface, enabling serial communication between the USB Type-C interface 4 and the microcontroller. It supports plug-and-play functionality, is compatible with Windows / Linux / MacOS systems, and has a configurable baud rate (default 9600bps). The reserved UART interface supports user-configurable external trigger signals (such as TTL level output) for synchronous control of other devices, supporting programmable external trigger signal output to meet the needs of multi-device collaborative experiments. ASCII commands can be received via the USB Type-C interface 4, supporting batch command queue execution. The host computer commands take precedence over physical buttons to prevent operational conflicts and disable irrelevant buttons during operation (e.g., blocking inputs other than the reset button during movement). Users can set displacement parameters (such as speed and step size) and trigger signal timing via serial port commands. Through the collaboration between USB Type-C interface 4 and control buttons 5, a dual-mode interactive design is implemented, catering to both rapid laboratory debugging and automated process control needs. Signal priority and software locking are employed to prioritize the host computer signal when both the host computer and control buttons 5 send signals simultaneously, ensuring operational safety under multiple control sources.

[0039] Furthermore, the limit switch 6 is a photoelectric switch, the motor drive module uses a TMC2209 chip, and the microcontroller is a 51 microcontroller.

[0040] The 51 microcontroller and TMC2209 chip are miniaturized (≤100mm × 30mm) through PC layout optimization. The 51 microcontroller generates precise pulse signals through timer interrupts to control the TMC2209 to drive motor 1. The StealthChop™ technology of the TMC2209 chip achieves low-noise, high-microstep control, avoiding vibration errors of traditional drivers.

[0041] Photoelectric switches are installed at both ends of the motion track and employ infrared through-beam photoelectric sensors. The switches are programmed to turn on only briefly during displacement to avoid stray light interference. During initialization, the photoelectric switches are briefly activated for origin calibration. Limit signals are monitored in real time during movement, and power to the photoelectric switches is immediately cut off upon reaching the endpoint. By controlling the photoelectric switches to supply power only when necessary, stray light interference is completely eliminated.

[0042] As a non-contact detection element, the photoelectric switch has advantages such as fast response speed, high precision, and long lifespan. It can accurately detect the position of the lead screw nut 7 and send limit signals to the microcontroller in a timely manner, effectively avoiding problems such as poor contact and wear that may occur with mechanical limit switches 6, thus improving the reliability and stability of limit control. The TMC2209 chip is a high-performance motor driver chip with features such as low noise, high-precision current control, and multiple motor control modes. It can accurately drive the stepper motor to achieve smooth movement and precise positioning of the lead screw nut 7, ensuring the smoothness of the optical path switching process and the accuracy of optical element positioning. The 51 microcontroller is a mature, stable, and widely used microcontroller with abundant development resources, powerful control functions, and good compatibility. It can easily connect and communicate with peripheral circuits such as the motor drive module, limit switch 6, and USB interface to achieve overall control of the optical path switching device. Through the reasonable selection and combination of these three core components, the optical path switching device achieves a good balance in terms of performance, precision, stability, and cost, and can meet the requirements of most optical applications for optical path switching devices.

[0043] Furthermore, the housing 10 also contains two parallel limiting plates 8 arranged along the axial direction of the lead screw 11. Each limiting plate 8 is equipped with a buffer spring 9 for contacting the lead screw nut 7, which aims to further limit and protect the movement of the lead screw nut 7, while buffering collision impacts, reducing mechanical wear, and improving the service life and reliability of the device. The elastic support of the buffer spring 9 also helps to compensate for minor errors and jitters in the movement of the lead screw nut 7, further improving the positioning accuracy of the optical element mounting base 3 and ensuring the accuracy of optical path switching.

[0044] Furthermore, the motor 1 is a stepper motor, enabling the optical path switching device to achieve high-precision position control and stable operating speed, meeting the stringent requirements of optical systems for optical path switching accuracy and stability. By precisely controlling the number and frequency of input pulses to the stepper motor, precise control of the movement position of the lead screw nut 7 can be achieved, thereby accurately positioning the optical element in the required position and ensuring the accuracy of optical path switching. In fields such as optical communication and high-precision optical experiments, the positional accuracy requirements for optical path switching are extremely high, and the application of stepper motors can meet the needs of these application scenarios. At the same time, stepper motors have good stability during operation, maintaining a relatively stable rotational speed under different load conditions, avoiding optical path switching jitter or errors caused by speed fluctuations of motor 1, and improving the reliability and stability of optical path switching. In addition, stepper motors also have the characteristics of rapid start-up and stopping, and sensitive response, enabling rapid response to the control commands of the microcontroller, realizing instantaneous switching of the optical path, and improving the working efficiency and real-time performance of the device. Motor 1 preferably adopts a micro two-phase stepper motor (step angle 1.8°), and achieves a displacement resolution of 0.001mm through the 256 microstep subdivision technology of the TMC2209 chip.

[0045] This utility model provides a miniaturized, highly integrated device that supports both local physical button control and host computer USB command control in two modes. It supports rapid adaptation of multi-specification optical component mounting blocks and miniaturized optical path switching. Through integrated drive and control design, it achieves high-precision displacement control, supports device co-operation, and solves the stray light interference problem of limit switch 6.

[0046] This invention has the following advantages: 1) Operational flexibility: Supports rapid local debugging and remote automated control, adapting to diverse laboratory scenarios. 2) Enhanced anti-interference: Hardware filtering + software debouncing ensures 100% effective recognition of button operations. 3) Improved compatibility: The USB interface can directly connect to computers, industrial control computers, or mobile devices, reducing system integration difficulty. 4) Reduced usage costs: The adapter block is compatible with mainstream optical interfaces, eliminating the need for users to repeatedly purchase dedicated fixtures. 5) Improved experimental efficiency: Platform replacement and adapter block switching can be completed within 1 minute, adapting to the needs of multiple parallel projects. 6) Guaranteed accuracy: The modular structure design ensures that μm-level positioning accuracy is maintained even after multiple disassemblies and reassemblies.

[0047] Reference Figure 3 The drive and control system of this utility model includes a host computer, a microcontroller, a motor drive module, a USB to UART chip, etc., and the power supply on the circuit board supplies power to the microcontroller, the motor drive module, and the USB to UART chip.

[0048] After the microcontroller is initialized, it opens the limit switch 6 to read the current position information. When it receives instructions from the host computer or key information, it sends pulses to the motor drive module to drive the motor 1 to move, while monitoring the signal of the limit switch 6.

[0049] When the lead screw nut 7 reaches the limit, the pulse output is immediately stopped and the power supply to the limit switch 6 is turned off. At the same time, a "in position" status signal is sent to the microcontroller through the communication interface.

[0050] The microcontroller uses timer interrupts to poll the button status and combines this with a software debouncing algorithm to prevent accidental touches of button 5.

[0051] The host computer can send commands to adjust the single-step displacement, or "TRIGGER ON" to enable the external device synchronization function.

[0052] Users can set the trigger signal delay time via a host computer.

[0053] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An optical path switching device, characterized in that, Includes a housing, motor, main control circuit board, lead screw mechanism, two limit switches, and optical component mounting bracket, wherein: The motor, main control circuit board, lead screw mechanism and two limit switches are all mounted on the housing and are all located inside the housing; The main control circuit board is equipped with a microcontroller and a motor drive module, and the motor drive module is connected to the microcontroller and the motor respectively. The lead screw mechanism includes a lead screw and a lead screw nut mounted on the lead screw. The lead screw is connected to the output shaft of the motor to drive the lead screw nut to move along the axial direction of the lead screw. The two limit switches are arranged along the axial direction of the lead screw to limit the displacement of the lead screw nut, and each limit switch is connected to the microcontroller. The optical element mounting base is detachably connected to the lead screw nut for mounting optical elements.

2. The optical path switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical element mounting base is mounted on the lead screw nut by multiple bolts.

3. The optical path switching device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The optical element mounting base is provided with an SM1 threaded hole and / or multiple connection holes for connecting the cage structure.

4. The optical path switching device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The optical element mounting base is an optical breadboard.

5. The optical path switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller is equipped with a UART interface.

6. The optical path switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing is equipped with control buttons connected to the microcontroller. The control buttons extend beyond the outer wall of the housing. The main control circuit board is equipped with an RC debouncing circuit connected to the microcontroller to eliminate the bounce of the control buttons.

7. The optical path switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control circuit board is equipped with a USB Type-C interface that connects to the microcontroller for connecting to a host computer. The housing has a slot at the position corresponding to the USB Type-C interface.

8. The optical path switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limit switch is a photoelectric switch, the motor drive module uses a TMC2209 chip, and the microcontroller is a 51 microcontroller.

9. The optical path switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing also contains two parallel limiting plates arranged along the axial direction of the lead screw, and each limiting plate is equipped with a buffer spring for contacting the lead screw nut.

10. The optical path switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor is a stepper motor.

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