A multi-path dual directional waveguide coupler

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of multi-path double directional waveguide couplers, including cavity, cover and coaxial connector, cavity is by lower cavity and upper cavity and is split into, inside waveguide main channel is formed, at least one cross coupling arm is provided on waveguide main channel, cross coupling arm is by a pair of orthogonal through waveguide main channel wide side cross slot and is constituted, each cross coupling arm is connected with one coupling output structure, coupling output structure includes waveguide coaxial transducer, coaxial connector and the absorber of setting at waveguide coaxial transducer end and is connected in proper order.By the innovative design of cross coupling arm and cross slot, with the minimalist structure of two cross slots only for a coupling, successfully replaced the traditional complex multi-hole array, which directly brings the significant reduction of axial dimension and the significant improvement of space utilization efficiency, and only needs to be slightly extended in size when increasing the number of coupling, with great expansion flexibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of microwave technology, specifically to a multi-channel dual-directional waveguide coupler. Background Technology

[0002] Directional couplers are crucial passive devices in microwave systems, widely used in power monitoring, power combining and distribution, and test systems. Common directional coupler structures include microstrip lines, striplines, coaxial lines, and waveguides. Among them, microstrip lines and striplines are simple in structure and low in cost, but can only withstand relatively low power and are applicable to lower frequencies. Waveguide structures, on the other hand, can withstand high power and have low loss, and are usually used in high-power and high-frequency systems.

[0003] Traditional waveguide directional couplers often employ Chebyshev aperture coupling design. Although this design has a large power capacity, its axial dimension is very long when realizing single-channel or even multi-channel dual directional coupling. At the same time, the fabrication of aperture arrays requires extremely high precision and is complex, resulting in high production costs, long production cycles, and is not conducive to system miniaturization and spatial integration. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a multi-channel dual-directional waveguide coupler to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] A multi-channel dual-directional waveguide coupler includes a cavity, a cover plate, and a coaxial connector. The cavity is formed by splitting a lower cavity and an upper cavity, and a waveguide main channel is formed inside. At least one cross-shaped coupling arm is provided on the waveguide main channel. The cross-shaped coupling arm is formed by a pair of orthogonal cross slots that penetrate the wide side of the waveguide main channel. Each cross-shaped coupling arm is connected to a coupling output structure. The coupling output structure includes a waveguide coaxial converter, a coaxial connector, and an absorber disposed at the end of the waveguide coaxial converter, which are connected in sequence.

[0006] Preferably, the waveguide main channel is provided with two or more cross-shaped coupling arms.

[0007] Preferably, the lower cavity and the upper cavity are fastened together by screws.

[0008] Preferably, the absorber is fixed to the load cavity formed at the end of the waveguide coaxial converter by a bonding process.

[0009] Preferably, the coaxial connector is fixed to the matching block of the waveguide coaxial converter by welding or bonding with conductive adhesive.

[0010] Preferably, the cover plate is pressed onto the cavity by screws, forming a seal between the cover plate and the cavity.

[0011] Preferably, a connector mounting plate is fixed between the lower end of the cover plate and the coaxial connector.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: Through the innovative design of the cross-shaped coupling arm and cross slot, a simplified structure requiring only two cross slots for one coupling path successfully replaces the traditional complex multi-hole array. This directly results in a significant reduction in axial dimensions and a substantial improvement in space utilization efficiency. Furthermore, only a slight extension is needed when increasing the number of coupling paths, providing great flexibility for expansion. This structure fundamentally reduces processing difficulty and cost, avoids reliance on high-precision multi-hole processing, and reduces processing time and error risks. In terms of electrical performance, this design combines the coupling characteristics of the cross slot with the coaxial waveguide conversion and integrated load port processing, enabling low loss, high directivity, high isolation, and flat coupling across a wide frequency band. At the same time, its split cavity and simplified internal design facilitate assembly. By controlling key dimensional tolerances, mass production can be achieved without debugging, effectively improving production efficiency, product consistency, and stability. The overall technical and economic benefits are significant. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall design of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the overall disassembly of the upper cavity of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lower cavity of this utility model.

[0014] In the diagram: 1-lower cavity, 2-upper cavity, 3-coaxial connector, 4-connector mounting plate, 5-cover plate, 6-absorber, 7-cross groove. Detailed Implementation

[0015] Please see Figures 1-3 A multi-channel dual-directional waveguide coupler includes a cavity, a cover plate 5, and a coaxial connector 3. The cavity is formed by splitting a lower cavity 1 and an upper cavity 2, forming a waveguide main channel inside. At least one cross-shaped coupling arm is provided on the waveguide main channel. The cross-shaped coupling arm is formed by a pair of orthogonal cross slots 7 that run through the wide side of the waveguide main channel. Each cross-shaped coupling arm is connected to a coupling output structure. The coupling output structure includes a waveguide coaxial converter, a coaxial connector 3, and an absorber 6 located at the end of the waveguide coaxial converter, which are connected in sequence. The lower cavity 1 and the upper cavity 2 are fastened together by screws. After the lower cavity 1 and the upper cavity 2 are fastened together, the cavity formed inside them constitutes the main channel for microwave signal transmission. The size of this channel determines the operating frequency band of the coupler. The screw fastening ensures good electrical contact between the contact surfaces of the upper and lower cavities, forming a continuous electromagnetic boundary, ensuring the normal transmission of waveguide modes, and effectively preventing energy leakage from the joint, maintaining low insertion loss.

[0016] Two or more cross-shaped coupling arms are provided on the main waveguide channel. When a microwave signal is transmitted in the main waveguide, its electromagnetic energy will be coupled to the side branch waveguide (i.e., the cross-shaped coupling arm) through the pair of orthogonal cross slots. Since the two slots are orthogonal in space and have a specific spacing, the two coupled signals will generate a fixed phase difference when they are transmitted to the coupling port. By precisely designing the size and spacing of the slots, the two coupled signals in the forward transmission direction can be superimposed in phase at the coupling port and canceled out in phase at the reverse (isolation) port, thereby achieving directional coupling and high isolation of the signal.

[0017] The absorber 6 is fixed to the load cavity formed at the end of the waveguide coaxial converter by adhesive bonding. The energy coupled from the cross slot is divided into two paths: one path points to the coaxial connector 3 (forward coupling wave), and the other path points to the absorber 6 at the end (reverse coupling wave). As a matched load, the absorber 6 can absorb the reverse coupling energy arriving at this end without reflection and convert it into heat energy for dissipation. In this way, only the forward-transmitted coupling signal can be detected on the coaxial connector 3, while the reverse-transmitted signal is absorbed internally, thus physically realizing the separation and detection of the forward and reverse coupling signals.

[0018] The coaxial connector 3 is fixed to the matching block of the waveguide coaxial converter by welding or conductive adhesive bonding. The function of the waveguide coaxial converter is to complete the efficient conversion from the high impedance transmission mode of the waveguide to the low impedance transmission mode of the coaxial line. It is used to compensate for the impedance discontinuity between the two transmission structures and minimize the reflection caused by the mode conversion, thereby ensuring a low voltage standing wave ratio at the coupling port. The reliable welding or adhesive bonding process ensures a good electrical connection between the center conductor of the coaxial connector and the internal probe or coupling ring of the waveguide converter. This is the key to ensuring signal integrity and power capacity. The connector mounting plate 4 provides mechanical support to prevent the coaxial connector from loosening or twisting due to external forces, ensuring long-term reliability.

[0019] The cover plate 5 is pressed onto the cavity with screws, forming a seal between the cover plate 5 and the cavity. The lower end of the cover plate 5 is fixed with the coaxial connector 3. The cover plate 5 plays a crucial role in sealing the branch waveguide cavity formed by the cross-coupled arms. This is not only for dust prevention and mechanical protection, but also to form a closed electromagnetic resonant cavity. A flat and tight cover plate ensures the stability and consistency of the electromagnetic field distribution inside the branch waveguide, preventing energy leakage or external interference from entering. This is crucial for maintaining key performance indicators such as the directivity and coupling flatness of the coupler. The connector mounting plate 4 is mainly used for the installation of the coaxial connector 3.

Claims

1. A multi-path dual directional waveguide coupler comprising a cavity, a cover plate (5) and a coaxial connector (3), characterized in that, The cavity is formed by splitting the lower cavity (1) and the upper cavity (2) together, and a waveguide main channel is formed inside. At least one cross-shaped coupling arm is provided on the waveguide main channel. The cross-shaped coupling arm is formed by a pair of cross grooves (7) that are orthogonally connected to the wide side of the waveguide main channel. Each cross-shaped coupling arm is connected to a coupling output structure. The coupling output structure includes a waveguide coaxial converter, a coaxial connector (3) and an absorber (6) provided at the end of the waveguide coaxial converter, which are connected in sequence.

2. A multi-path dual directional waveguide coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide main channel is provided with two or more cross-shaped coupling arms.

3. A multi-path dual directional waveguide coupler according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The lower cavity (1) and the upper cavity (2) are fastened together by screws.

4. A multi-path dual directional waveguide coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The absorber (6) is fixed to the load cavity formed at the end of the waveguide coaxial converter by a bonding process.

5. A multi-path dual directional waveguide coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coaxial connector (3) is fixed to the matching block of the waveguide coaxial converter by welding or adhesive bonding.

6. A multi-channel dual-directional waveguide coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cover plate (5) is pressed onto the cavity by screws, forming a seal between the cover plate and the cavity.

7. A multi-channel dual-directional waveguide coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connector mounting plate (4) is fixed between the lower end of the cover plate (5) and the coaxial connector (3).

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