A new type of radiation boundary applied to multi-band

Abstract

The utility model discloses a novel radiation boundary for multi -frequency band, including metal bottom plate, PCB side wall, connecting substrate, high frequency oscillator and low frequency oscillator, the number of PCB side wall is four, and two two one group of four PCB side walls are detachably installed in the both sides of metal bottom plate top, the number of connecting substrate is two, and connecting substrate sets up in the both sides of metal bottom plate top, and single connecting substrate is located between two PCB side walls of same side, the number of high frequency oscillator is four, and two two one group of four high frequency oscillators, and every group high frequency oscillator sets up on same connecting substrate, the number of low frequency oscillator is one, and low frequency oscillator is inserted and is installed in the center place of metal bottom plate top, the utility model discloses through replacing the PCB side wall of different height, can provide the customization boundary for the high low frequency oscillator integrated on same reflection plate, thereby obtains the optimized lobe width and the characteristic of pattern on all working frequency band simultaneously, effectively promotes the overall radiation performance of antenna, realizes multi -frequency band high -performance radiation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mobile communication antenna technology, and specifically to a novel radiation boundary applied to multiple frequency bands. Background Technology

[0002] As mobile communication technology evolves towards fifth-generation and future technologies, base station antenna systems need to support more frequency bands and achieve a higher degree of integration and miniaturization. In this context, multiple radiating elements of different frequency bands are typically integrated and mounted on the same metal reflective substrate to save space and simplify the structure. However, this shared substrate design also brings new technical challenges.

[0003] An ultra-wideband multi-band array antenna, such as application number CN201410484516.8 with authorization announcement date of 20170215, includes: a metal reflector, and low-frequency radiating elements operating in a lower frequency band and high-frequency radiating elements operating in a higher frequency band, mounted on the metal reflector; the low-frequency radiating element includes two low-frequency vibrators, each polarized at ±45 degrees and orthogonally mounted, connected to a feed network to generate a ±45-degree polarized far-field radiation pattern; the high-frequency radiating element includes two high-frequency vibrators, each polarized at ±45 degrees and orthogonally mounted. This invention provides a structurally simple multi-band array antenna capable of covering an ultra-wideband of 694-960MHz and 1710-2690MHz, compatible with all frequency bands of current mobile communication networks.

[0004] Traditional fixed-height metal sidewalls cannot provide optimal electromagnetic boundaries for multi-band vibrators mounted on a common base plate, resulting in insufficient control of the beamwidth of low-frequency vibrators and easy beam distortion in high-frequency vibrators, making it difficult to achieve ideal radiation patterns in all frequency bands simultaneously. In addition, the effect of the fixed boundary in suppressing surface wave mutual coupling is limited, which can easily lead to radiation pattern distortion and deterioration of isolation. Although existing adjustable sidewall solutions can partially improve performance, they generally suffer from problems such as complex structure, low reliability, and increased weight and cost, making them unsuitable for large-scale base station antennas. Therefore, it is urgent to design a new type of radiation boundary for multi-band applications to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel radiation boundary applicable to multiple frequency bands, in order to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A novel radiation boundary for multi-frequency bands includes a metal base plate, PCB sidewalls, connecting substrates, high-frequency oscillators, and low-frequency oscillators. Four PCB sidewalls are detachably mounted in pairs on both sides of the top of the metal base plate. Two connecting substrates are positioned on both sides of the top of the metal base plate, with each connecting substrate located between two PCB sidewalls on the same side. Four high-frequency oscillators are also arranged in pairs, with each pair mounted on the same connecting substrate. One low-frequency oscillator is interspersed and installed at the center of the top of the metal base plate. The PCB sidewalls are etched with periodically arranged C-shaped radiation patterns, and the two PCB sidewalls on the same side have different heights. The radiation boundary requirements of oscillators in different frequency bands can be accommodated by replacing sidewall components of different heights.

[0008] Furthermore, the PCB sidewall is detachably connected to the metal base plate via screws, clips, or plugs.

[0009] Furthermore, the C-type radiation pattern is a non-closed structure, and its physical length is determined by the operating frequency band of the high-frequency or low-frequency oscillator it serves.

[0010] Furthermore, the height of the PCB sidewall installed near the low-frequency oscillator is higher than the height of the PCB sidewall installed away from the low-frequency oscillator.

[0011] Furthermore, the C-shaped radial pattern is arranged in an alternating pattern on the PCB sidewall surface.

[0012] Furthermore, the two high-frequency oscillators on the same connecting substrate may operate at the same or different frequency bands.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the novel radiation boundary applied to multiple frequency bands provided by this utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] (1) By replacing the PCB sidewalls of different heights, this utility model can provide customized boundaries for the high and low frequency oscillators integrated on the same reflector, thereby obtaining optimized beamwidth and radiation pattern characteristics on all operating frequency bands, effectively improving the overall radiation performance of the antenna and realizing high-performance radiation in multiple frequency bands.

[0015] (2) The periodic C-shaped pattern on the side wall of this utility model constitutes an electromagnetic bandgap structure, which can effectively suppress surface wave propagation, significantly reduce mutual coupling interference between oscillators of different frequency bands, fundamentally reduce pattern distortion, improve isolation and radiation efficiency, and significantly suppress inter-frequency interference.

[0016] (3) The structure of this utility model is simple and the design is flexible. The whole solution adopts a split and detachable design, which is stable, easy to assemble and low in cost. Combined with mature PCB technology, it is easy to quickly adjust and iterate the pattern and height, which greatly shortens the R&D cycle and is conducive to the large-scale production and application of high-performance antennas. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a novel radiation boundary embodiment applied to multiple frequency bands according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a side view structural schematic diagram of a novel radiation boundary embodiment applied to multiple frequency bands according to the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0021] 1. Metal base plate; 2. PCB sidewalls; 3. C-shaped radiating pattern; 4. Connecting substrate; 5. High-frequency oscillator; 6. Low-frequency oscillator. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figure 1-2 As shown in the figure, this utility model provides a novel radiation boundary for multi-band applications, including a metal base plate 1, PCB sidewalls 2, connecting substrates 4, high-frequency oscillators 5, and low-frequency oscillators 6. There are four PCB sidewalls 2, which are detachably installed in pairs on both sides of the top of the metal base plate 1. There are two connecting substrates 4, which are located on both sides of the top of the metal base plate 1, with each connecting substrate 4 positioned between two PCB sidewalls 2 on the same side. There are four high-frequency oscillators 5, which are installed in pairs on the same connecting substrate 4. There is one low-frequency oscillator 6, which is interspersed and installed at the center of the top of the metal base plate 1. The PCB sidewalls 2 are etched with periodically arranged C-shaped radiation patterns 3, and the two PCB sidewalls 2 on the same side have different heights. By replacing the sidewall components with different heights, the radiation boundary requirements of oscillators in different frequency bands can be adapted.

[0024] Specifically, in this embodiment, the antenna includes a metal base plate 1, a PCB sidewall 2, a connecting substrate 4, a high-frequency vibrator 5, and a low-frequency vibrator 6. The metal reflective base plate 1 serves as the antenna's base, primarily reflecting electromagnetic waves to form a directional radiation pattern. Its planar structure ensures backward reflection of electromagnetic waves, enhancing forward gain. Simultaneously, it provides mechanical support for the PCB sidewall 2, the connecting substrate 4, and the vibrator. The conductivity of the metal base plate 1 reduces electromagnetic energy leakage and provides a common ground plane for the multi-band vibrators. The PCB sidewall 2 is a key component; its height is adjustable by replacing components of different sizes, directly affecting the antenna's radiation boundary conditions. The height adjustment mechanism involves detachably connecting the sidewall 2 to the metal base plate 1 via screws, snap-fits, or plug-ins. When adapting to different frequency bands, the original sidewall can be removed and replaced with a higher or lower sidewall component. For example, the high-frequency vibrator 5 requires a higher boundary to weaken the influence of the low-frequency vibrator 6 on the high-frequency vibrator 5; therefore, the sidewall 2 closer to the low-frequency vibrator 6 is designed to be higher. The high-frequency vibrator 5 is equipped with a lower outer wall 3 to avoid excessive obstruction. Electromagnetic modulation: The PCB material itself has dielectric properties, which can modulate the electromagnetic field distribution. The vertical height of the sidewall 2 determines the electrical dimensions of the radiation boundary. By adjusting the height, the equivalent aperture of the antenna can be changed, thereby optimizing the horizontal beamwidth. C-type radiation patterns 3 are etched onto a thin copper layer on the surface of the PCB sidewall 2. These patterns are arranged in a periodic, staggered pattern, forming an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure. Frequency selectivity: The physical length of each C-type radiation pattern 3 is determined by whether its service frequency band is high or low. For example, for high-frequency bands such as 3.5 GHz, the pattern length is shorter, approximately 1 / 4 wavelength. For low-frequency bands such as 700MHz, the pattern length is relatively long. The open "C" shape of the non-closed structure of the pattern can generate LC resonance, suppressing the propagation of surface waves in specific frequency bands. Mutual coupling suppression: the periodically arranged pattern 3 forms a band-stop characteristic, effectively blocking the electromagnetic coupling between oscillators of different frequency bands. When the surface wave propagates to the side wall, the pattern 3 will scatter or absorb energy, reducing the mutual interference between the high-frequency oscillator 5 and the low-frequency oscillator 6, thereby preventing pattern distortion. The connecting substrate 4 is fixed on the metal base plate 1 and located between the two PCB sidewalls 2 on the same side. It is used to install the high-frequency oscillator 5. Its circuit design can match the impedance of the high-frequency oscillator 5 to ensure efficient signal transmission. The two high-frequency oscillators 5 on the same connecting substrate 4 can operate in the same or different frequency bands, such as 2.6GHz and 3.5GHz. Through the independent height adjustment of the sidewall 2 and the optimization of the pattern 3, the independent control of the radiation pattern of each frequency band can be achieved. The high-frequency oscillator 5 is installed on the connecting substrate 4 and is responsible for radiating high-frequency signals. Its performance is directly affected by the height of the adjacent PCB sidewall 2 and the pattern 3: a lower sidewall can reduce the obstruction of high-frequency signals and expand the beam width. The C-shaped radiation pattern 3 is optimized for high frequencies and suppresses the sidelobe rise caused by surface waves.The low-frequency oscillator 6 is located at the center of the metal base plate 1, radiating low-frequency signals. Due to the longer wavelength of low frequencies, a higher radiation boundary is required to control the beamwidth. Therefore, the PCB sidewalls 2 adjacent to the low-frequency oscillator 6 are higher, providing a deeper electromagnetic boundary and expanding the horizontal beamwidth. The low-frequency resonant unit of the C-shaped radiation pattern 3 can reduce the interference of the high-frequency oscillator 5 on the low-frequency band and improve isolation. There are four PCB sidewalls 2, which are detachably installed in pairs on both sides of the top of the metal base plate 1. There are two connecting substrates 4, which are located on both sides of the top of the metal base plate 1, with each connecting substrate 4 located between two PCB sidewalls 2 on the same side. There are four high-frequency oscillators 5, which are installed in pairs, with each pair of high-frequency oscillators 5 mounted on the same connecting substrate 4. There is one low-frequency oscillator 6, which is interspersed and installed at the center of the top of the metal base plate 1. The PCB sidewall 2 is etched with periodically arranged C-shaped radiation patterns 3, and the two PCB sidewalls 2 on the same side have different heights. By replacing the sidewall components with different heights, the radiation boundary requirements of the oscillators of different frequency bands can be adapted.

[0025] This invention provides a novel radiation boundary for multi-band applications. By replacing the PCB sidewalls 2 with different heights, customized boundaries can be provided for high- and low-frequency vibrators integrated on the same reflector, thereby simultaneously obtaining optimized beamwidth and radiation pattern characteristics in all operating frequency bands, effectively improving the overall radiation performance of the antenna and achieving high-performance radiation in multiple frequency bands.

[0026] In one embodiment provided by this utility model, such as Figure 1 As shown, the PCB sidewall 2 is detachably connected to the metal base plate 1 by screwing, snapping or plugging. The height of the PCB sidewall 2 installed on the side closer to the low-frequency oscillator 6 is higher than the height of the PCB sidewall 2 installed on the side farther away from the low-frequency oscillator 6.

[0027] In another embodiment provided by this utility model, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, the C-type radiating pattern 3 is a non-closed structure, and its physical length is determined by the operating frequency band of the high-frequency oscillator 5 or the low-frequency oscillator 6 it serves. The C-type radiating pattern 3 is arranged in an alternating pattern on the surface of the PCB sidewall 2.

[0028] In another embodiment provided by this utility model, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, the two high-frequency oscillators 5 on the same connecting substrate 4 may operate at the same or different frequency bands.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A novel radiation boundary for multi-band antennas includes a metal base plate 1, a PCB sidewall 2, a connecting substrate 4, a high-frequency vibrator 5, and a low-frequency vibrator 6. The metal base plate 1 serves as the antenna's base, primarily reflecting electromagnetic waves to form a directional radiation pattern. Its planar structure ensures backward reflection of electromagnetic waves, enhancing forward gain. Simultaneously, it provides mechanical support for the PCB sidewall 2, connecting substrate 4, and vibrators. The conductivity of the metal base plate 1 reduces electromagnetic energy leakage and provides a common ground plane for the multi-band vibrators. The PCB sidewall 2 is a key component; its height is adjustable by replacing components of different sizes, directly affecting the antenna's radiation boundary conditions. The height adjustment mechanism involves detachably connecting the sidewall 2 to the metal base plate 1 via screws, snap-fits, or plug-ins. When adapting to different frequency bands, the original sidewall can be removed and replaced with a higher or lower sidewall component. For example, the low-frequency vibrator 6 requires a higher boundary to expand its beamwidth; therefore, the sidewall 2 closest to the low-frequency vibrator 6 is designed to be higher. The high-frequency vibrator 5 is equipped with lower sidewalls to avoid excessive obstruction. Electromagnetic modulation: The PCB material itself has dielectric properties, which can modulate the electromagnetic field distribution. The vertical height of the sidewall 2 determines the electrical dimensions of the radiation boundary. By adjusting the height, the equivalent aperture of the antenna can be changed, thereby optimizing the horizontal beamwidth. Type-C radiating patterns 3 are etched onto a thin copper layer on the surface of the PCB sidewall 2. These patterns are periodically staggered, forming an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure. Frequency selectivity: The physical length of each type-C radiating pattern 3 is determined by whether its service frequency band is high or low. For example, for high-frequency bands such as 3.5 GHz, the pattern length is shorter, approximately 1 / 4 wavelength. For low-frequency bands such as 700MHz, the pattern length is relatively long. The open "C" shape of the non-closed structure of the pattern can generate LC resonance, suppressing the propagation of surface waves in specific frequency bands. Mutual coupling suppression: the periodically arranged pattern 3 forms a band-stop characteristic, effectively blocking the electromagnetic coupling between oscillators of different frequency bands. When the surface wave propagates to the side wall, the pattern 3 will scatter or absorb energy, reducing the mutual interference between the high-frequency oscillator 5 and the low-frequency oscillator 6, thereby preventing pattern distortion. The connecting substrate 4 is fixed on the metal base plate 1 and located between the two PCB sidewalls 2 on the same side. It is used to install the high-frequency oscillator 5. Its circuit design can match the impedance of the high-frequency oscillator 5 to ensure efficient signal transmission. The two high-frequency oscillators 5 on the same connecting substrate 4 can operate in the same or different frequency bands, such as 2.6GHz and 3.5GHz. Through the independent height adjustment of the sidewall 2 and the optimization of the pattern 3, the independent control of the radiation pattern of each frequency band can be achieved. The high-frequency oscillator 5 is installed on the connecting substrate 4 and is responsible for radiating high-frequency signals. Its performance is directly affected by the height of the adjacent PCB sidewall 2 and the pattern 3: a lower sidewall can reduce the obstruction of high-frequency signals and expand the beam width. The C-shaped radiation pattern 3 is optimized for high frequencies and suppresses the sidelobe rise caused by surface waves.The low-frequency oscillator 6 is located at the center of the metal base plate 1, radiating low-frequency signals. Due to the longer wavelength of low frequencies, a higher radiation boundary is required to control the beamwidth. Therefore, the PCB sidewalls 2 adjacent to the low-frequency oscillator 6 are higher, providing a deeper electromagnetic boundary and expanding the horizontal beamwidth. The low-frequency resonant unit of the C-shaped radiation pattern 3 can reduce the interference of the high-frequency oscillator 5 on the low-frequency band and improve isolation. There are four PCB sidewalls 2, which are detachably installed in pairs on both sides of the top of the metal base plate 1. There are two connecting substrates 4, which are located on both sides of the top of the metal base plate 1, with each connecting substrate 4 located between two PCB sidewalls 2 on the same side. There are four high-frequency oscillators 5, which are installed in pairs, with each pair of high-frequency oscillators 5 mounted on the same connecting substrate 4. There is one low-frequency oscillator 6, which is interspersed and installed at the center of the top of the metal base plate 1. The PCB sidewall 2 is etched with periodically arranged C-shaped radiation patterns 3, and the two PCB sidewalls 2 on the same side have different heights. By replacing the sidewall components with different heights, the radiation boundary requirements of the oscillators of different frequency bands can be adapted.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] This embodiment further defines the features of embodiment 1. The PCB sidewall 2 is detachably connected to the metal base plate 1 by screwing, snapping, or plugging. The height of the PCB sidewall 2 installed near the low-frequency vibrator 6 is higher than the height of the PCB sidewall 2 installed away from the low-frequency vibrator 6. The C-shaped radiation pattern 3 is a non-closed structure, and its physical length is determined by the operating frequency band of the high-frequency vibrator 5 or the low-frequency vibrator 6 it serves. The C-shaped radiation pattern 3 is arranged in an alternating pattern on the surface of the PCB sidewall 2. The two high-frequency vibrators 5 on the same connecting substrate 4 may have the same or different operating frequency bands.

[0033] Working principle: When the antenna is working, the high-frequency vibrator 5 and the low-frequency vibrator 6 radiate signals simultaneously. The PCB sidewall 2 provides customized boundaries for each frequency band through height differences—the high-frequency sidewall is lower to avoid beam compression; the low-frequency sidewall is higher to prevent excessive beam width. The C-shaped radiation pattern 3 acts as a periodic electromagnetic bandgap, suppressing surface waves and reducing mutual coupling throughout the entire frequency band. Height adjustment process: The required sidewall height for each frequency band is determined through simulation or testing. The existing sidewall 2 is disassembled and replaced with a component of the preset height. After fixing the sidewall, the resonance characteristics of the pattern 3 automatically match the corresponding frequency band, achieving "plug-and-play" optimization. Electromagnetic wave modulation process: When the electromagnetic waves radiated by the vibrator encounter the PCB sidewall 2, some of the energy is scattered or absorbed by the C-shaped radiation pattern 3, forming a band-stop filtering effect. The sidewall height changes the boundary diffraction conditions, making the radiated energy more evenly distributed and expanding the beam width. The periodic pattern 3 disrupts the surface wave propagation path, converting mutual coupling energy into heat loss or radiation loss, significantly reducing inter-frequency interference.

[0034] The foregoing description only illustrates certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel radiation boundary for multi-frequency bands, comprising a metal base plate (1), a PCB sidewall (2), a connecting substrate (4), a high-frequency vibrator (5), and a low-frequency vibrator (6), characterized in that, The number of PCB sidewalls (2) is four, and the four PCB sidewalls (2) are detachably installed in pairs on both sides of the top of the metal base plate (1); the number of connecting substrates (4) is two, and the connecting substrates (4) are set on both sides of the top of the metal base plate (1), and a single connecting substrate (4) is located between two PCB sidewalls (2) on the same side; the number of high-frequency oscillators (5) is four, and the four high-frequency oscillators (5) are set in pairs, and each group of high-frequency oscillators (5) is set on the same connecting substrate (4); the number of low-frequency oscillators (6) is one, and the low-frequency oscillator (6) is interspersed and installed at the center of the top of the metal base plate (1); the PCB sidewalls (2) are etched with periodically arranged C-shaped radiation patterns (3), and the two PCB sidewalls (2) on the same side have different heights. The radiation boundary requirements of oscillators of different frequency bands can be adapted by replacing the sidewall components of different heights.

2. The novel radiation boundary applied to multiple frequency bands according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PCB sidewall (2) is detachably connected to the metal base plate (1) by means of screwing, snap-fit ​​or plugging.

3. The novel radiation boundary applied to multiple frequency bands according to claim 1, characterized in that, The C-type radiation pattern (3) is a non-closed structure, and its physical length is determined by the operating frequency band of the high-frequency oscillator (5) or low-frequency oscillator (6) it serves.

4. The novel radiation boundary applied to multiple frequency bands according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the PCB sidewall (2) installed on the side close to the low-frequency vibrator (6) is higher than the height of the PCB sidewall (2) installed on the side away from the low-frequency vibrator (6).

5. A novel radiation boundary applied to multiple frequency bands according to claim 1, characterized in that, The C-type radiation pattern (3) is arranged in an alternating pattern on the surface of the PCB sidewall (2).

6. A novel radiation boundary applied to multiple frequency bands according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two high-frequency oscillators (5) on the same connecting substrate (4) may operate at the same or different frequency bands.

Images