Narrow frame spliced photovoltaic tile

Abstract

The utility model discloses a narrow frame spliced photovoltaic tile, which comprises a photovoltaic assembly for realizing the conversion from solar energy to electric energy; a left narrow frame and a right narrow frame are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the photovoltaic assembly respectively, a clasp is integrally formed on the outer side of the left narrow frame, a groove matched with the clasp is integrally formed on the outer side of the right narrow frame, the clasp can be embedded in the groove to realize the horizontal splicing of adjacent photovoltaic tiles; and a separation-preventing structure is arranged between the clasp and the groove to limit the relative separation of the clasp after being embedded in the groove. The narrow frame spliced photovoltaic tile provided by the utility model has an integrated splicing and fixing structure, can directly replace traditional tiles, does not need to additionally build a complex support and reduces the roof load.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technology, specifically, it relates to a narrow-frame splicing photovoltaic tile. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of photovoltaic technology, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) has become an important trend in the integration of buildings and energy. Combining photovoltaic modules with building roof tiles not only utilizes roof space for photovoltaic power generation but also replaces traditional tiles in fulfilling their architectural function of providing shelter from wind and rain. Therefore, the demand for photovoltaic tiles in the construction field is growing rapidly. However, currently available traditional photovoltaic tiles still suffer from many technical defects in practical applications, severely restricting their large-scale promotion and popularization on building roofs. Specific problems are as follows:

[0003] 1. The splicing structure is imperfect and has poor stability.

[0004] Lateral splicing relies on external connectors such as bolts and requires specialized tools like wrenches and drills. This not only makes the construction process cumbersome and demands high skill levels from workers, but also results in low splicing efficiency, making it unsuitable for large-scale roof installations. Furthermore, bolted connections are susceptible to loosening due to environmental factors such as temperature changes and rain erosion, leading to insufficient stability at the lateral splice joints.

[0005] Lacking an effective anti-detachment design, adjacent photovoltaic tiles are only fixed by simple mechanical contact or a single connector after splicing. Under the action of external forces such as wind and vibration, they are prone to unexpected detachment, which cannot form a continuous and stable roof structure and poses a safety hazard.

[0006] The longitudinal splicing is disconnected from the roof fixing system. Most photovoltaic tiles only achieve longitudinal support or roof anchoring through a single structure, failing to form a coordinated force-bearing fixing system. The weight of the photovoltaic tiles above cannot be evenly transferred to the structure below, and the connection strength between the photovoltaic tiles and the roof base layer is insufficient, resulting in weak overall wind and snow load resistance, and making them prone to problems such as tile slippage and roof deformation.

[0007] 2. Poor waterproofing performance, prone to leakage.

[0008] The waterproofing design has obvious flaws. It only uses simple waterproofing methods such as sealant for single areas (such as component edges or splicing gaps), without covering key water seepage points such as the connection between components and frames, and the splicing between frames, creating waterproofing blind spots.

[0009] Insufficient weather resistance of sealing materials and the aging and failure of commonly used sealants due to factors such as ultraviolet radiation and temperature fluctuations lead to a decline in the sealing performance of the joints. Rainwater can easily seep into the roof through the gaps, affecting the structural safety of the building and the power generation performance of the photovoltaic modules.

[0010] Without drainage support structures, even if a small amount of rainwater seeps into the joints, it cannot be drained in time. Long-term water accumulation will exacerbate frame corrosion and component aging, further reducing waterproof reliability.

[0011] 3. The installation process is complex and the roof load is large.

[0012] A complex support system needs to be built. Photovoltaic tiles cannot directly replace traditional tiles. The support system must be laid on the roof first, and then the photovoltaic tiles are fixed on the support system. This not only increases the construction steps and costs, but also significantly increases the roof load and puts higher requirements on the load-bearing capacity of the building base. It is not suitable for some old buildings or roofs with limited load-bearing capacity.

[0013] The lack of convenient temporary fixing and fine-tuning mechanisms during installation makes it difficult to flexibly adjust the position of photovoltaic tiles after they are positioned. Repeated disassembly and reassembly are required to ensure splicing accuracy, which further reduces construction efficiency. At the same time, improper operation can easily lead to damage to photovoltaic modules. Utility Model Content

[0014] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a narrow-frame splicing photovoltaic tile.

[0015] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model includes:

[0016] Photovoltaic modules are used to convert solar energy into electrical energy;

[0017] The left narrow frame and the right narrow frame are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the photovoltaic module, respectively. The left narrow frame has an integrally formed hook on the outside, and the right narrow frame has an integrally formed groove that matches the hook. The hook can be embedded in the groove to achieve horizontal splicing of adjacent photovoltaic tiles.

[0018] An anti-detachment structure is provided between the hook and the groove to prevent the hook from relatively detaching after it is embedded in the groove;

[0019] Hooks, which are fixed to the top front of the photovoltaic module by bolts, are used to support adjacent photovoltaic tiles above to achieve vertical splicing;

[0020] The tile mounting claw is fixed to the upper back of the photovoltaic module by bolts, and is used to connect with the horizontal keel of the roof to realize the roof fixing of the photovoltaic tile;

[0021] A waterproof auxiliary structure is installed at the connection points between the left and right narrow frames and the photovoltaic modules to block the seepage path at the splicing points.

[0022] In this utility model, a complete splicing and fixing system is formed by integrating "photovoltaic module + narrow left and right frame (hook-groove structure) + anti-detachment structure + hook + tile hanging claw + waterproof auxiliary structure":

[0023] The hook-groove fit of the narrow left and right frame allows for quick horizontal connection of adjacent photovoltaic tiles, solving the problem of traditional photovoltaic tile horizontal splicing relying on bolts and being complicated to operate;

[0024] The anti-detachment structure, together with the hook-groove, blocks the unexpected detachment path after horizontal splicing, solving the problem that traditional splicing is prone to loosening due to wind and vibration.

[0025] The front hooks and the rear tile-hanging claws enable longitudinal splicing and roof fixing, forming a triple fixing structure of "lateral splicing + longitudinal support + roof anchoring" to improve overall installation stability.

[0026] The waterproof auxiliary structure covers key water seepage points such as the connection between the frame and the components and the frame splicing, solving the problem of weak waterproofing in the splicing gaps of traditional photovoltaic tiles and adapting to the functional requirements of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) roofs.

[0027] Preferably, the anti-detachment structure includes an anti-detachment protrusion and an anti-detachment groove. The anti-detachment protrusion is located at the end of the horizontal section of the hook, and the anti-detachment groove is formed on the inner wall of the groove and is adapted to the anti-detachment protrusion. The cross-section of the anti-detachment protrusion is trapezoidal, and its inclined surface faces the insertion direction of the hook. The inlet and outlet of the anti-detachment groove are aligned with the anti-detachment protrusion only along the insertion direction of the hook.

[0028] In this utility model, a component structure design of "EVA encapsulation layer + TPT backplane + lamination integration" is used:

[0029] The weather-resistant EVA encapsulation layer has high light transmittance (≥90%), which can reduce sunlight shading and improve the light absorption efficiency of the cells. At the same time, its excellent adhesion can firmly bond the cells to the backsheet and prevent separation between module layers.

[0030] The TPT polyvinyl fluoride composite membrane backsheet possesses excellent aging resistance (UV aging resistance life ≥ 25 years) and water resistance (water vapor transmission rate ≤ 1.5g / (m²)). 2 • 24h)) and insulation (volume resistivity ≥10 14 (Ω·cm) can effectively isolate rainwater and moisture from corroding the solar cells and protect the solar cells to ensure stable power generation performance.

[0031] The three components are laminated together to form an integrated structure, giving the module good structural strength (capable of withstanding ≥2400Pa static load), which is suitable for the load-bearing requirements of the roof as a building component, while avoiding the power generation performance degradation caused by the loosening between layers of traditional modules.

[0032] Preferably, slots are provided on the inner sides of both the left and right narrow frames, and the left and right edges of the photovoltaic module are respectively embedded in the corresponding slots, and the gaps between the slots and the edges of the photovoltaic module are filled with silicone structural adhesive.

[0033] In this utility model, a composite connection method of "card slot embedding + silicone structural adhesive bonding" and a narrow aluminum alloy frame design are used:

[0034] The slot is embedded to fit the edge of the photovoltaic module, and the silicone structural adhesive is used to seal and bond it, forming a double fixation of "mechanical interlocking + chemical bonding". This ensures that the frame and the module will not separate in the long term under the conditions of temperature changes and rain immersion, solving the problem that traditional frames are easy to loosen when fixed by bolts alone.

[0035] The 6063-T5 aluminum alloy material has high strength (tensile strength ≥210MPa) and corrosion resistance, making it suitable for long-term outdoor use and preventing structural failure caused by frame corrosion.

[0036] Compared to traditional frames wider than 50mm, the 30mm narrow frame reduces the area occupied by the roof frame, increases the effective power generation area of ​​the photovoltaic module (approximately 15% increase in power generation area for a 100㎡ roof), and indirectly improves photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0037] Preferably, there are four hooks, evenly distributed along the top front of the photovoltaic module. The hooks are inverted hook shape, including a flat fixed end and an arc-shaped hook free end. The fixed end is connected to the photovoltaic module by two M4 stainless steel bolts. The photovoltaic module has a 4.5mm diameter mounting hole at the corresponding position. The bolts pass through the mounting hole and are threaded to the metal reinforcement inside the photovoltaic module.

[0038] In this utility model, the design employs a combination of "four-point uniform distribution + barbed structure + bolt-through reinforcement connection":

[0039] Four hooks are evenly distributed along the top front of the photovoltaic module (symmetrical on the left and right sides and in the middle), which can evenly transfer the weight of the photovoltaic tile above to the module below, avoid excessive local stress that could cause the module to break, and improve the load-bearing stability of the longitudinal splicing.

[0040] The curved hook at the free end and the upturned structure at the end can firmly support the glass edge of the photovoltaic tile above, preventing the tile from slipping off and solving the problem of easy disengagement of traditional straight hooks.

[0041] M4 stainless steel bolts penetrate the component and are threadedly connected to the internal metal reinforcement, rather than just fixing it to the surface of the component. This prevents the hook from pulling off the component's encapsulation layer when under stress, ensuring the structural strength of the hook mounting point and extending its service life.

[0042] Preferably, there are three mounting claws, evenly distributed along the upper back of the photovoltaic module, corresponding one-to-one with the hook positions; the mounting claws are L-shaped, including a flat fixed end and a horizontal hook-shaped free end; the fixed end is connected to the photovoltaic module by two M5 stainless steel bolts, and the photovoltaic module has a 5.5mm diameter mounting hole at the corresponding position, with the glass opening polished; the free end is bent downwards by 10mm to form an anti-detachment hook.

[0043] In this utility model, the design employs a combination of "three-point corresponding distribution + L-shaped anti-detachment hook + bolt-through keel connection":

[0044] The three hanging claws correspond one-to-one with the front hook positions, so that the longitudinal force of the photovoltaic tile (its own weight and the pressure of the tile body above) can be directly transferred to the roof joists through the hanging claws, avoiding the force deviation that could cause the module to deform and improving the overall structural stability.

[0045] The horizontal hook end of the L-shaped tile hanger is folded down 10mm to form an anti-disengagement hook. After being hung on the upper flange of the keel, it can prevent the photovoltaic tile from sliding along the length of the keel. With the bolt tightening, it can achieve dual anchoring of "temporary fixing by hanging + final locking by bolt", which solves the problem of easy displacement of traditional tile hangers that rely solely on hanging.

[0046] The glass polishing treatment of the photovoltaic module mounting holes can eliminate stress concentration at the openings and prevent the glass from breaking when the bolts are tightened. At the same time, the threaded connection between the M5 bolts and the keel ensures that the photovoltaic tiles can withstand strong winds of ≥12 levels (wind pressure ≥1.5kPa) and snow loads of ≥0.7kN / ㎡, making them suitable for extreme weather conditions.

[0047] Preferably, the waterproof auxiliary structure includes a water-blocking strip and a weather-resistant sealant. The water-blocking strip is respectively pasted on the inner side of the connection between the left narrow frame, the right narrow frame and the photovoltaic module; the weather-resistant sealant is filled on the top of the splicing gap between the left narrow frame and the right narrow frame.

[0048] In this utility model, a multi-seal design using "EPDM rubber water-blocking strip + silicone weather-resistant sealant" is employed.

[0049] The “Ω”-shaped water-blocking strip (compression rate ≥30%) at the connection between the frame and the component will be squeezed and deformed during the frame splicing, filling the gap and forming the first line of waterproof defense, preventing rainwater from seeping in from the gap between the component and the frame.

[0050] When the left and right frames are spliced ​​together, the adhesive strips on both sides are squeezed together to form a second seal, further enhancing the waterproof ability of the splice.

[0051] The silicone weather-resistant sealant (UV resistance rating ≥ UV-9) filling the top of the splicing gaps can cover the top opening of the frame splicing, resist UV aging, and form a third line of waterproof defense;

[0052] The three lines of defense form a "three-dimensional seal," covering all possible water seepage paths. The 24-hour water tightness test showed no leakage, solving the problem that traditional photovoltaic tiles rely solely on a single sealant for waterproofing and are prone to aging and failure.

[0053] Preferably, the photovoltaic module includes photovoltaic cells, an encapsulation layer, and a backsheet fixedly arranged together, with the photovoltaic cells disposed between the encapsulation layer and the backsheet.

[0054] In this utility model, a component structure design of "EVA encapsulation layer + TPT backplane + lamination integration" is used:

[0055] The weather-resistant EVA encapsulation layer has high light transmittance (≥90%), which can reduce sunlight shading and improve the light absorption efficiency of the cells. At the same time, its excellent adhesion can firmly bond the cells to the backsheet and prevent separation between module layers.

[0056] The TPT polyvinyl fluoride composite membrane backsheet possesses excellent aging resistance (UV aging resistance life ≥ 25 years) and water resistance (water vapor transmission rate ≤ 1.5g / (m²)). 2 • 24h)) and insulation (volume resistivity ≥10 14 (Ω·cm) can effectively isolate rainwater and moisture from corroding the solar cells and protect the solar cells to ensure stable power generation performance.

[0057] The three components are laminated together to form an integrated structure, giving the module good structural strength (capable of withstanding ≥2400Pa static load), which is suitable for the load-bearing requirements of the roof as a building component, while avoiding the power generation performance degradation caused by the loosening between layers of traditional modules.

[0058] Preferably, a drainage groove is provided at the bottom of the groove (51), the drainage groove being 2mm wide and 1mm deep, for guiding the drainage of water that has seeped into the joint.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model include:

[0060] (1) The present invention provides a narrow frame splicing photovoltaic tile. The hook of the narrow frame on the left side and the groove of the narrow frame on the right side form a "plug-in" fit. During construction, the hook of the adjacent photovoltaic tile is aligned with the groove and pushed horizontally to complete the initial splicing. No professional tools (such as wrenches or electric drills) are needed, which reduces the skill requirements of the construction personnel and greatly shortens the horizontal splicing time of a single photovoltaic tile, making it suitable for large-scale roof laying scenarios.

[0061] (2) The present invention provides a narrow frame splicing photovoltaic tile, in which the mechanical interlocking of the hook-groove and the anti-detachment structure form a "double lock": after the hook is embedded in the groove, the anti-detachment structure directly blocks the unexpected detachment path (such as the pulling force along the horizontal direction of the roof), so that the horizontal splicing part has the ability to resist displacement.

[0062] (3) This utility model provides a narrow-frame spliced ​​photovoltaic tile, which achieves rigid connection between adjacent tiles through a hook-groove + anti-detachment structure; longitudinally, the upper tile is supported by hooks on the front of the photovoltaic module, forming a "bottom-hanging-upper" support relationship, which evenly transfers the weight of the upper tile to the lower tile; the tile hanging claws on the back are directly connected to the roof joists (C-shaped steel), anchoring the photovoltaic tile to the roof base. The three work together to form a triple fixing system of "horizontal interconnection, longitudinal support, and roof anchoring", so that the photovoltaic tile is not only an independent power generation unit, but also a continuous whole as a roof component, capable of bearing a snow load ≥0.7kN / m 2 This avoids the shortcomings of traditional photovoltaic tiles, which are "scattered, fixed, and easily deformed".

[0063] (4) The present invention provides a narrow frame splicing photovoltaic tile, wherein the connection between the frame and the photovoltaic module is sealed by a waterproof auxiliary structure to prevent rainwater from seeping in from the edge of the module; when the left and right frames are spliced, the waterproof auxiliary structure forms a seal on the hook-groove mating surface to prevent rainwater from seeping in from the splicing seam; compared with the traditional single sealing method, this design forms a "module-frame" and "frame-frame" dual-node waterproofing, and combined with the verification result of no leakage in the 24-hour water tightness test, it can meet the long-term waterproofing requirements of building roofs and is suitable for the dual functions of "power generation + rain protection" in BIPV scenarios.

[0064] (5) The present invention provides a narrow frame splicing photovoltaic tile. The narrow frame design greatly reduces the space occupied by the frame, increases the effective laying area of ​​the roof photovoltaic module, and indirectly increases the power generation. The integrated splicing and fixing structure allows the photovoltaic tile to directly replace the traditional tile without the need for additional complex support, reducing the roof load. The flat splicing surface and uniform frame appearance make the roof have both power generation function and architectural decoration, solving the problem of "power generation and architectural aesthetics being separated" of traditional photovoltaic tiles, and is suitable for various BIPV application scenarios such as residential and commercial buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0065] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0066] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a narrow-frame splicing photovoltaic tile according to the present invention;

[0067] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hook structure in this utility model;

[0068] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the narrow left side frame in this utility model;

[0069] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the narrow frame on the right side in this utility model;

[0070] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tile-hanging claw in this utility model.

[0071] Figure label:

[0072] 1. Photovoltaic module; 2. Hook; 3. Water-blocking strip; 4. Narrow left frame; 41. Hook; 5. Narrow right frame; 51. Groove; 6. Tile hanger. Detailed Implementation

[0073] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the inventor of this utility model has, through long-term research and extensive practice, proposed the technical solution of this utility model. The following will further explain and illustrate the technical solution, its implementation process, and its principles in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation examples.

[0074] It should be noted that the embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention covers any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods and solutions made within the spirit, principles and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0075] In the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," "third," and similar words do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms "a" or "one," and similar words, do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms "comprising" or "including," and similar words, mean that the elements or objects preceding "comprising" or "including" encompass the elements or objects listed following "comprising" or "including," and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects. The terms "connected" or "linked," and similar words, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0076] In the description of this application, the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used solely for the convenience of describing this application and for simplification, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, when using positional terms such as "both sides," "outer side," and "upper and lower," it should be understood that they are used only for ease of understanding and description, taking into account that the structure may be oriented to other positions.

[0077] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the technical or scientific terms used shall have the ordinary meaning understood by a person with ordinary skills in the art to which this application pertains. Terms such as “installation,” “connection,” and “joining” shall be interpreted broadly, for example, as fixed connection, detachable connection, mating connection, or integral connection. For a person skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0078] This utility model embodiment aims to introduce and explain the structural composition of a narrow-frame spliced ​​photovoltaic tile and the matching relationship between the various components. Unless otherwise specified, the dimensions, materials, and manufacturing processes of the various components suitable for the narrow-frame spliced ​​photovoltaic tile in this utility model embodiment can be selected according to specific circumstances, and no special limitations or explanations are made here.

[0079] Furthermore, to provide the public with a better understanding of this utility model, certain specific details are described in detail in the following description. However, those skilled in the art can fully understand this utility model even without these detailed descriptions.

[0080] Example 1

[0081] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 This embodiment discloses a narrow-frame splicing photovoltaic tile, including a photovoltaic module 1.

[0082] The photovoltaic module 1 includes photovoltaic cells, with an encapsulation layer fixedly connected to the top of the photovoltaic cells and a backsheet fixedly connected to the bottom of the photovoltaic cells.

[0083] It is understandable that the photovoltaic cells, encapsulation layer, and backsheet are integrated into a single structure using a lamination encapsulation process. The photovoltaic cells, as the core of power generation, are tightly encapsulated between the encapsulation layer and the backsheet. The encapsulation layer uses weather-resistant EVA material, which has good light transmittance and adhesion, ensuring a stable bond between the photovoltaic cells and the backsheet. The backsheet uses TPT material, which has excellent aging resistance, water resistance, and insulation properties, providing long-term protection for the photovoltaic cells.

[0084] Furthermore, a narrow left frame 4 is fixedly connected to one side of the photovoltaic module 1, and a narrow right frame 5 is fixedly connected to the other side of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0085] Understandably, the inner sides of the left narrow frame 4 and the right narrow frame 5 are pre-set with slots that are adapted to the edge thickness of the photovoltaic module 1. After the edge of the photovoltaic module 1 is inserted into the slot, the gap is filled with silicone structural adhesive and cured to ensure that the frame and the photovoltaic module 1 are firmly connected and will not loosen or separate under long-term wind, temperature changes and other environments. Four hooks 2 are installed on the upper front of the photovoltaic module 1 (near the top 1 / 4) by bolts, and three tile-hanging claws 6 are also installed on the upper back (corresponding to the hooks on the front) by bolts. The bolts are all made of stainless steel and penetrate through the encapsulation layer and backplate of the photovoltaic module 1, connecting with the internal pre-set metal reinforcement to prevent the photovoltaic module 1 from breaking due to stress at the installation point.

[0086] Furthermore, a hook 41 is fixedly installed on the narrow frame 4 on the left side, and a groove 51 is opened on the narrow frame 5 on the right side. The hook 41 and the groove 51 are respectively integrated on the left and right sides of the photovoltaic module 1 to achieve the left and right splicing of adjacent photovoltaic tiles. At the same time, the splicing reliability is ensured by the anti-detachment structure and the waterproof structure.

[0087] Specifically, the inner sides of the left narrow frame 4 and the right narrow frame 5 are both provided with slots with a depth of 8mm. After the left and right edges of the photovoltaic module 1 are embedded in the slots, they are sealed and bonded with silicone structural adhesive. At the same time, a water-blocking strip 3 (made of EPDM rubber, with an "Ω" shaped cross section and a compression rate of ≥30%) is pasted on the inner side of the connection between the frame and the photovoltaic module (near the hook side). One end of the water-blocking strip 3 is flush with the front of the photovoltaic module, and the other end extends to the hook 41 side, forming the first line of waterproof defense.

[0088] The water-blocking strip 3 on the right narrow frame 5 corresponds to the water-blocking strip 3 on the left narrow frame 4. When the left and right frames are spliced ​​together, the water-blocking strips 3 on both sides are squeezed against each other to achieve a second line of waterproofing.

[0089] Anti-detachment structures are provided on the left narrow frame 4 and the right narrow frame 5. The anti-detachment structure consists of an anti-detachment protrusion on the left hook 41 and an anti-detachment slot in the right groove 51. The two are designed with "asymmetrical fit"—the cross-section of the anti-detachment protrusion is "trapezoidal", with the inclined surface facing the insertion direction of the hook 41, so that when the hook 41 is inserted into the groove 51, the anti-detachment protrusion slides into the anti-detachment slot through the inclined surface; while the inlet and outlet of the anti-detachment slot (i.e., the position of the slot corresponding to the opening of the groove 51) are only connected to the anti-detachment protrusion in the insertion direction of the hook 41. When the anti-detachment protrusion is aligned, and the hook 41 is fully inserted into the groove 51, the anti-detachment protrusion is locked into the anti-detachment slot. At this time, if the photovoltaic tile is pulled along an angle perpendicular to the insertion direction (i.e., the horizontal direction of the roof), the vertical surface of the anti-detachment protrusion and the anti-detachment slot will abut against each other and cannot be detached. Only when the photovoltaic tile is moved in the opposite direction of insertion (i.e., lifted up and rotated at a certain angle so that the anti-detachment protrusion is aligned with the inlet and outlet of the anti-detachment slot) can the hook 41 be pulled out of the groove 51, effectively preventing the photovoltaic tile from loosening due to wind, vibration and other factors after splicing.

[0090] The narrow-frame splicing photovoltaic tile in this embodiment follows the principle of "first fixing the base tile, then splicing horizontally, and finally connecting vertically." The specific steps are as follows. Simultaneously, the synergistic effect of each structure ensures ease of construction and optimal roof performance:

[0091] Step S1: Fixing the reference photovoltaic tile (roof positioning and installation)

[0092] Roof pretreatment: Clean the roof base (usually a concrete roof or steel structure roof) to ensure the surface is flat (flatness error ≤ 5mm / m). Install horizontal keels (C-shaped steel) according to the design spacing (usually 1.5-2m). The keels are fixed to the roof base with expansion bolts. The spacing of the expansion bolts is ≤ 1m to ensure the keel load-bearing stability.

[0093] Positioning of the reference tile: Select a corner of the roof (usually the upper left corner) as the starting point, and hang the free end of the back hanging claw 6 of the first photovoltaic tile (reference tile) on the horizontal keel. At this time, the photovoltaic tile is in a "temporarily fixed" state and can be adjusted by sliding it horizontally along the keel. Use a level to calibrate the levelness of the photovoltaic tile (level error ≤ 2mm / m), and at the same time ensure that the side of the photovoltaic tile is parallel to the edge of the roof (or the design baseline). After positioning, tighten the bolts at the fixed end of the hanging claw 6 to completely fix the reference tile on the keel. The bolt tightening torque is controlled at 8-10 N·m to ensure that the hanging claw 6 is tightly connected to the keel and photovoltaic module 1 without loosening.

[0094] Step S2: Horizontal splicing of adjacent photovoltaic tiles (connecting the left and right edges)

[0095] Frame Alignment and Embedding: Take the second photovoltaic tile and align the hook 41 of its left narrow frame 4 with the groove 51 of the right narrow frame 5 of the first photovoltaic tile (reference tile). At this time, it is necessary to ensure that the front of the two photovoltaic tiles is on the same plane (flatness error ≤ 1mm) and the upper and lower edges are aligned (height difference ≤ 1mm). Push the second photovoltaic tile horizontally (from right to left) so that the hook 41 is slowly embedded into the groove 51 of the right frame of the first photovoltaic tile. During the embedding process, the anti-detachment protrusion on the hook 41 is guided by the inclined surface and slides into the anti-detachment slot in the groove 51. When a "click" sound is heard, it indicates that the anti-detachment protrusion is completely inserted into the slot, and the initial splicing of the left and right frames is completed.

[0096] Waterproofing and anti-detachment inspection: After splicing, check the water-blocking strips 3 at the connection of the left and right frames. Due to the squeezing effect during frame splicing, the EPDM rubber water-blocking strips 3 on both sides should be in a compressed state (compression amount ≥2mm) with no obvious gaps. At the same time, pull the second photovoltaic tile along the splicing direction (front and back direction) to check whether the anti-detachment structure is effective. If the photovoltaic tile has no obvious displacement, it indicates that the anti-detachment protrusion and the slot have a tight fit. Finally, check whether the drainage groove at the bottom of the groove 51 is unobstructed and free of debris to ensure that subsequent water accumulation can be drained smoothly.

[0097] Fixing the second tile: Repeat the fixing method of the reference tile in step S1, hang the second photovoltaic tile's hanging claw 6 on the horizontal keel, calibrate the level, and tighten the bolts to complete the fixing; at this time, the two photovoltaic tiles are horizontally and stably connected by the hook 41-groove 51 structure and anti-detachment structure on the left and right sides, and at the same time, a waterproof seal is formed by the water-blocking strip 3, completing part of the installation of the first row of photovoltaic tiles on the roof.

[0098] Step S3: Vertical connection of upper and lower photovoltaic tiles (front hook connection)

[0099] Vertical alignment: After the first row of photovoltaic tiles (at least 2-3 tiles) is completely fixed, start installing the second row of photovoltaic tiles (located above the first row); hook the back of the first photovoltaic tile in the second row onto the upper horizontal keel, temporarily fix it, and then adjust its vertical position so that the bottom of the photovoltaic tile (the supporting part, i.e. the lower edge of the glass) is aligned with the four hooks on the front of the first photovoltaic tile in the first row.

[0100] Hook support and connection: Slowly lower the second row of photovoltaic tiles so that the bottom support part is completely placed into the free end (within the arc-shaped hook) of the hook 2 of the first row of photovoltaic tiles, ensuring that each hook 2 is in close contact with the support part and there is no suspension; at this time, the weight of the second row of photovoltaic tiles is transferred to the first row of photovoltaic tiles through the hook 2, forming longitudinal support; at the same time, check the overlap length of the upper and lower photovoltaic tiles (usually 50-100mm, designed according to local rainfall, with the upper limit taken in areas with heavy rainfall), to ensure that there are no gaps at the overlap, and that rainwater can flow smoothly down the front of the photovoltaic tiles without seeping into the roof.

[0101] Longitudinal fixing and calibration: After calibrating the horizontal and verticality of the second row of photovoltaic tiles, tighten the fixing bolts of its hanging claw 6 to complete the installation of the first photovoltaic tile in the second row; repeat steps S2-S3 to complete the horizontal splicing (left and right frame connection) and longitudinal connection (hook 41 connection) of the remaining photovoltaic tiles in the second row with the corresponding photovoltaic tiles in the first row, forming a continuous roof structure of "row to row connection, block to block connection".

[0102] Step S4: Completion of the overall roof assembly (repeated construction and acceptance)

[0103] Cyclic construction: Following the process of steps S2 (horizontal splicing) and S3 (vertical connection), install the subsequent rows of photovoltaic tiles in sequence. After each row is installed, check the splicing quality of the photovoltaic tiles in that row with the previous row and the adjacent photovoltaic tiles on the left and right (whether the frame connection is firm, whether the hook 2 supports in place, and whether the waterproof strip 3 is compressed). At the same time, use a level and a measuring tape to calibrate the flatness and dimensions of the roof as a whole to ensure that it meets the design requirements.

[0104] Finishing touches: After all photovoltaic tiles are installed, install edge sealing strips (material consistent with the frame, 6063-T5 aluminum alloy) at the edge of the roof (outside of the photovoltaic tiles). The edge sealing strips are fixed to the frame of the outermost photovoltaic tile with bolts. At the same time, water-blocking adhesive strips are pasted at the connection between the edge sealing strips and the photovoltaic tiles to form a waterproof seal at the edge of the roof. In addition, fill the gaps between the photovoltaic tiles (mainly the top of the connection between the left and right frames) with weather-resistant sealant (silicone weather-resistant sealant, UV resistance rating ≥UV-9) to further enhance the waterproof performance. The width of the sealant is consistent with the width of the frame (30mm) and the thickness is ≥5mm to ensure complete coverage of the gaps.

[0105] Acceptance criteria: After construction is completed, acceptance will be conducted in accordance with the "Technical Standard for Building Integrated Photovoltaic Systems" (GB / T39335-2020). Key indicators include:

[0106] Splicing stability: When the photovoltaic tile is pulled in any direction, there is no obvious displacement, and there is no loosening at the connection points between the tile hanging claw 6 and the keel, and between the frame and the photovoltaic module 1;

[0107] Waterproofing performance: A 24-hour water tightness test (50mm water depth on the roof) was conducted, and there was no leakage at the joints;

[0108] Power generation performance: After photovoltaic modules are connected in series / parallel, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current meet the design values, and the power deviation between modules is ≤5%;

[0109] Wind resistance and load-bearing capacity: Passed wind uplift test (wind pressure ≥ 1.5 kPa) and snow load test (load ≥ 0.7 kN / m). 2 The roof structure showed no deformation and the photovoltaic tiles did not fall off.

[0110] IV. Synergistic Effects and Performance Advantages of Each Structure

[0111] Through the above structural design and splicing method, the narrow-frame spliced ​​photovoltaic tile of this embodiment forms a system of "mutual support and synergistic effect" among its components, ultimately achieving the core objectives of "robust splicing, convenient installation, and reliable waterproofing." Specific advantages are manifested through the synergistic effect of each structure:

[0112] (I) Joint strength: Multiple structures work together to prevent detachment

[0113] Lateral anti-detachment: The hooks 41 and grooves 51 on the left and right sides are based on the "mechanical interlocking" structure, which, together with the "interference fit" of the anti-detachment protrusions and anti-detachment slots, forms the first line of defense against detachment in the horizontal direction; at the same time, the bonding (silicone structural adhesive) between the frame and the photovoltaic module 1 and the fixing of the tile hanging claws 6 to the keel transfer the lateral tension of the photovoltaic tile to the roof structure, avoiding the frame from bearing the force alone, thus forming the second line of defense against detachment.

[0114] Longitudinal anti-detachment: The "inverted hook" structure of the front hook 2 supports the upper photovoltaic tile, forming longitudinal support. At the same time, the weight of the upper photovoltaic tile is transferred to the lower photovoltaic tile through the hook 2, so that the upper and lower photovoltaic tiles form a "gravity interlock". The "double fixing" (hanging + bolt tightening) of the tile hanging claw 6 and the keel transmits the longitudinal force to the roof base layer, avoiding the hook 2 to bear the load alone and ensuring the longitudinal splicing is stable.

[0115] Extreme working condition verification: In the simulated test of wind resistance level 12 (wind speed ≥32.7m / s), the photovoltaic tiles showed no displacement or detachment; in the simulated earthquake test (intensity 8 degrees), the splicing joints remained intact and the roof structure remained intact, proving that the synergistic effect of the multiple anti-detachment structures effectively improved the splicing firmness.

[0116] (ii) Ease of installation: Modular design and temporary fixed installation

[0117] Modular and standardized: All components (frame, hook 2, tile hanging claw 6) are produced in a standardized manner with a size error of ≤0.5mm, ensuring that any two photovoltaic tiles can be interchanged and spliced; the hook 41 and groove 51 of the frame are "foolproof" to connect, and the initial splicing can be completed without professional tools, reducing the skill requirements of construction personnel.

[0118] Synergistic Temporary Fixation and Fine-Tuning: The "hang first, fix later" design of the tile-mounting claw 6 enables temporary fixation of the photovoltaic tile, facilitating fine-tuning of its position during construction (lateral fine-tuning range ±10mm), significantly improving splicing accuracy and efficiency; compared to traditional photovoltaic tiles (which require fixing the bracket first and then installing the components, and are difficult to adjust), the installation time of this embodiment can be significantly shortened.

[0119] (III) Waterproof Reliability: Multiple Sealing and Drainage Synergy

[0120] Three lines of waterproofing: the first is the water-blocking strip 3 (EPDM rubber) at the connection between the frame and the photovoltaic module 1; the second is the sealing of the strip when the left and right frames are spliced; and the third is the weather-resistant sealant at the top of the splicing gap. The three lines of defense form a "three-dimensional seal" that covers all possible water seepage paths at the frame splicing.

[0121] Coordinated drainage structure: The drainage groove at the bottom of the groove 51 of the narrow frame 5 on the right side can guide a small amount of water (such as condensation or a small amount of rainwater) that seeps into the splice to the roof drainage system, avoiding long-term stagnation of water at the splice and causing frame corrosion (the corrosion rate of aluminum alloy frames in a water-filled environment can be reduced by more than 80%). At the same time, the front of the photovoltaic tile is designed with a "slight tilt" (slope ≥ 5°), which, together with the overlap of the upper and lower photovoltaic tiles (overlap length ≥ 50mm), ensures that rainwater flows smoothly down the front and does not seep into the interior of the roof.

[0122] Waterproof performance verification: In the 24-hour water tightness test, there was no leakage on the roof; in the simulated rainstorm test (rainfall ≥200mm / h), there was no water accumulation or leakage at the joints, proving that the synergistic effect of the multiple sealing and drainage structures effectively ensures the reliability of waterproofing.

[0123] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of this utility model, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of this utility model and implement it accordingly. It should not be considered that the specific implementation of this utility model is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art to which this utility model pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of this utility model. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of this utility model should be covered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A narrow-frame splicing photovoltaic tile, characterized in that, include: Photovoltaic modules (1) are used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; The left narrow frame (4) and the right narrow frame (5) are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the photovoltaic module (1), respectively. The left narrow frame (4) has a hook (41) integrally formed on the outside, and the right narrow frame (5) has a groove (51) integrally formed on the outside that matches the hook (41). The hook (41) can be embedded in the groove (51) to achieve horizontal splicing of adjacent photovoltaic tiles. An anti-detachment structure is provided between the hook (41) and the groove (51) to limit the relative detachment of the hook (41) after it is embedded in the groove (51); Hooks (2) are fixed to the front of the photovoltaic module (1) by bolts to support the adjacent photovoltaic tiles above so as to achieve longitudinal splicing; The tile hanging claw (6) is fixed to the upper back of the photovoltaic module (1) by bolts, and is used to connect with the horizontal keel of the roof to realize the roof fixing of the photovoltaic tile; A waterproof auxiliary structure is set at the connection between the left narrow frame (4), the right narrow frame (5) and the photovoltaic module (1) to block the water seepage path at the splicing point.

2. The narrow-frame spliced ​​photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-detachment structure includes an anti-detachment protrusion and an anti-detachment groove. The anti-detachment protrusion is located at the end of the horizontal section of the hook (41). The anti-detachment groove is opened on the inner wall of the groove (51) and is adapted to the anti-detachment protrusion. The cross-section of the anti-detachment protrusion is trapezoidal, and its inclined surface faces the insertion direction of the hook (41). The inlet and outlet of the anti-detachment groove are aligned with the anti-detachment protrusion only along the insertion direction of the hook (41).

3. The narrow-frame spliced ​​photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner sides of the left narrow frame (4) and the right narrow frame (5) are provided with slots. The left and right edges of the photovoltaic module (1) are respectively embedded in the corresponding slots, and the gap between the slots and the edge of the photovoltaic module (1) is filled with silicone structural adhesive.

4. The narrow-frame spliced ​​photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are four hooks (2) in total, which are evenly distributed along the front top of the photovoltaic module (1). The hooks (2) are in the shape of barbs, including a flat fixed end and an arc-shaped hook free end. The fixed end is connected to the photovoltaic module (1) by two M4 stainless steel bolts. The photovoltaic module (1) has a mounting hole with a diameter of 4.5mm at the corresponding position. After the bolt passes through the mounting hole, it is threadedly connected to the metal reinforcement inside the photovoltaic module (1).

5. The narrow-frame spliced ​​photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are three mounting claws (6) in total, which are evenly distributed along the upper back of the photovoltaic module (1) and correspond one-to-one with the position of the hook (2); the mounting claw (6) is L-shaped, including a flat fixed end and a horizontal hook-shaped free end; the fixed end is connected to the photovoltaic module (1) by two M5 stainless steel bolts, and the photovoltaic module (1) has a 5.5mm diameter mounting hole at the corresponding position, and the glass opening is polished; the end of the free end is bent down 10mm to form an anti-detachment hook.

6. The narrow-frame spliced ​​photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof auxiliary structure includes a water-blocking adhesive strip (3) and a weather-resistant sealant. The water-blocking adhesive strip (3) is respectively pasted on the inner side of the connection between the left narrow frame (4), the right narrow frame (5) and the photovoltaic module (1); the weather-resistant sealant is filled at the top of the splicing gap between the left narrow frame (4) and the right narrow frame (5).

7. The narrow-frame spliced ​​photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module (1) includes photovoltaic cells, an encapsulation layer and a backsheet fixedly arranged together, with the photovoltaic cells disposed between the encapsulation layer and the backsheet.

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