Venous shunt stent

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of venous shunt stent, it is related to shunt stent technical field.The stent includes: vein anchoring section and shunt section, wherein, vein anchoring section is placed in splenic vein and inferior vena cava respectively, and shunt section is used to establish the shunt passage between vein anchoring section in splenic vein and inferior vena cava.The venous shunt stent of the application is simple in operation, with high success rate, and greatly reduces the risk of hepatic encephalopathy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of shunt stent technology, specifically to a venous shunt stent. Background Technology

[0002] Interventional portosystemic shunt procedures mainly include transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). This technique, typically guided by X-ray or ultrasound, involves percutaneously puncturing the internal jugular vein to insert a specialized catheter and stent between the intrahepatic portal vein and the inferior vena cava, creating an artificial shunt channel. This allows some blood from the portal vein to flow directly into the inferior vena cava, thereby reducing portal vein pressure.

[0003] Existing technologies, such as those for hepatic encephalopathy, increase the risk of hepatic encephalopathy after interventional portosystemic shunt surgery. This is because the blood shunted into the vena cava mainly comes from the superior mesenteric vein, which is rich in toxins such as ammonia. The liver's detoxification function for these toxic substances is lacking. In addition, the commonly used transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt requires precise location of the intrahepatic portal vein and hepatic vein and accurate placement of stents during the procedure. This is a challenging operation that requires medical staff to have advanced interventional skills and extensive experience. Furthermore, traditional shunt methods result in longer shunt channels, increasing the risk of occlusion.

[0004] It is evident that existing venous shunt techniques present challenges due to the complexity of surgical procedures and the high risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, this paper proposes a splenic vein-vena cava shunt stent to address at least the aforementioned issues. Utility Model Content

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a venous shunt stent, which at least solves the problems of high surgical difficulty and high risk of hepatic encephalopathy associated with venous shunt techniques.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A venous shunt stent, the venous shunt stent comprising:

[0010] Venous anchoring segment and shunt segment;

[0011] The venous anchoring segments are placed in different veins, and the shunt segments are used to establish shunt channels between the venous anchoring segments in different veins.

[0012] In one embodiment, the venous anchoring segment includes venous anchoring segments respectively disposed in the splenic vein and the inferior vena cava.

[0013] In one embodiment, when the venous anchoring segment is placed in a vein, it is positioned in accordance with the direction of the vein.

[0014] In one embodiment, the number of vein anchoring segments includes 2, and the number of shunt segments is greater than or equal to 1.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, when the number of venous anchoring segments is 2 and the number of diversion segments is 1, the shape of the overall structure when the diversion segment is connected to the two venous anchoring segments includes: double "T" shape, "H" shape, and "I" shape.

[0016] In one embodiment, the surface of the venous shunt stent is coated with a coating structure.

[0017] Preferably, the coating structure includes a film layer and a self-swelling hydrogel for hemostasis, and the self-swelling hydrogel is coated on the film layer.

[0018] In a more preferred embodiment, the surface of the coating layer is provided with micropores for placing hemostatic agents.

[0019] In one embodiment, the length of the diversion section is 2-4 cm.

[0020] In one embodiment, the venous shunt stent is made of a metal alloy.

[0021] Preferably, the metal alloy includes, but is not limited to, nickel-titanium alloys.

[0022] In one embodiment, the shape of each unit of the support includes, but is not limited to, cylindrical or trumpet-shaped.

[0023] In one embodiment, the grid of the support includes, but is not limited to, a rhombus grid, a circular grid, and a hexagonal grid.

[0024] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0025] This invention provides a venous shunt stent. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages:

[0026] This application discloses a venous shunt stent comprising a venous anchoring segment and a shunt segment. The venous anchoring segment is placed in the splenic vein and the inferior vena cava, respectively, and the shunt segment is used to establish a shunt channel between the venous anchoring segments in the splenic vein and the inferior vena cava. The venous shunt stent proposed in this application is simple to operate, has a high success rate, and significantly reduces the risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a shunt stent in the prior art and its position in the human body;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the diversion bracket in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the shunt stent and its position in the human body in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the venous shunt stent structure when the shunt segment is divided into two segments in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a venous shunt stent when the shunt segment has two segments, as described in another embodiment of this utility model.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the venous shunt stent structure when the shunt segment is three segments in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0034] In the picture:

[0035] 1-Vein anchoring segment; 2-Shunting segment; 3-Coating structure;

[0036] 31-Coating layer; 32-Self-swelling hydrogel. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0038] Interventional portosystemic shunt procedures mainly include transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). This technique typically involves percutaneously puncturing the internal jugular vein to insert a specialized catheter and stent between the intrahepatic portal vein and the inferior vena cava, creating an artificial shunt. This allows some blood from the portal vein to flow directly into the inferior vena cava through this shunt, thereby reducing pressure in the portal vein.

[0039] Currently, commonly used related technologies have problems such as high risk of complications and high technical difficulty:

[0040] 1) Risk of complications. For example... Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure and location of a shunt stent in the human body in existing technologies. For hepatic encephalopathy, after interventional portosystemic shunt surgery, the blood shunted into the vena cava often originates from the superior mesenteric vein, which is rich in toxins such as ammonia. This reduces the liver's detoxification capacity for these toxic substances, increasing the risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, complications such as bleeding, infection, stent migration, or occlusion are also common after interventional portosystemic shunt surgery.

[0041] 2) Technical Difficulty. Currently, the commonly used transjugular intrahepatic portal shunt requires advanced interventional techniques and extensive experience. The procedure necessitates precise location of the intrahepatic portal vein and hepatic veins, and accurate stent placement, making it quite challenging. For some patients, especially those with poor liver function or abnormal portal vein anatomy, the procedure may be even more difficult.

[0042] This application provides a venous shunt stent, which at least solves the problems of high surgical difficulty and high risk in existing venous shunt technologies, and enables the reduction of venous shunt risks through simple surgical procedures.

[0043] The technical solution in this application embodiment is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, and the overall idea is as follows:

[0044] This application proposes a venous shunt stent that utilizes a double "T"-shaped stent for venous anchorage. Combined with interventional splenic vein-vena cava shunt technology, it diverts blood flow from the splenic vein to the vena cava, ensuring that the shunt blood originates from the less ammonia-containing splenic vein, significantly reducing the risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, to prevent bleeding, a self-expanding hydrogel is coated on the surface of the double "T"-shaped stent, increasing the area for mechanical occlusion and preventing bleeding through the shunt.

[0045] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0046] See appendix Figure 2 This embodiment proposes a venous shunt stent, which includes:

[0047] The system comprises a venous anchoring segment 1 and a shunt segment 2, wherein the venous anchoring segments 1 are placed in different veins, and the shunt segment 2 is used to establish a shunt channel between the venous anchoring segments 1 in different veins. The venous anchoring segments 1 include venous anchoring segments 1 respectively located in the splenic vein and the inferior vena cava.

[0048] In one embodiment, the number of the above-mentioned venous anchoring segments 1 and the number of shunt segments 2 are not specifically limited. The lengths of each venous anchoring segment 1 can be the same or different, and the lengths of each shunt segment 2 can also be the same or different. The settings can be flexibly configured according to the actual situation of different patients.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the number of vein anchoring segments 1 includes 2, and the number of diversion segments 2 is greater than or equal to 1.

[0050] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the venous anchoring segment 1 of the venous shunt stent has two segments, and the shunt segment 2 is a single segment. These two segments of venous anchoring segment 1 are respectively placed in the splenic vein and the inferior vena cava. See also... Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the general structure of the venous shunt stent proposed in this embodiment and its location in the human body.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, when the venous anchoring segment 1 of the venous shunt stent has two segments and the shunt segment 2 is one segment, the overall structure when the shunt segment 2 is connected to the two venous anchoring segments 1 includes: double "T" type, "H" type, "I" type, etc. Among them, the top horizontal line of the "T" represents the venous anchoring segment 1, and the vertical line represents the shunt segment 2; the two vertical lines of the "H" represent the venous anchoring segment 1, and the horizontal line represents the shunt segment 2; the two horizontal lines of the "I" represent the venous anchoring segment 1, and the vertical line represents the shunt segment 2.

[0052] In another preferred embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, when the shunt segment 2 of the venous shunt stent can be multiple segments and the venous anchoring segment 1 of the venous shunt stent is two segments, the overall structure when the multiple shunt segments 2 are connected to the two venous anchoring segments 1 includes, but is not limited to, shapes such as "II" and "III". In "II" and "III", the two horizontal lines above and below are continuous (not separated), and the horizontal lines above and below represent venous anchoring segments 1, while the vertical line represents shunt segments 2. See details in [link to documentation]. Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 .

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, when the venous anchoring segment 1 of the aforementioned venous shunt stent is placed in a venous vessel, it is positioned in accordance with the vessel's orientation. Specifically, the extension direction of the venous anchoring segment 1 placed in the splenic vein is consistent with the orientation of the splenic vein, and the extension direction of the venous anchoring segment 1 placed in the inferior vena cava is consistent with the orientation of the inferior vena cava. This orientation, which conforms to the vessel's orientation, does not interfere with the normal and smooth flow of blood in the splenic vein and the inferior vena cava.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the surface of the venous shunt stent is coated with a hemostatic coating structure 3. See also Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the internal mesh structure is the bare stent of the venous shunt stent, and the smooth outer structure of the bare stent is the coating structure 3.

[0055] Preferably, the coating structure 3 includes a covering layer 31 and a self-swelling hydrogel 32 for hemostasis, with the self-swelling hydrogel 32 coated on the covering layer 31. Specifically, the covering layer 31 is coated onto the bare venous shunt stent, and then a hydrogel polymer coating is applied to the covering layer 31 to form a layered structure of the self-swelling hydrogel 32. The hydrogel polymer expands in volume upon contact with blood (reaching 80% of its maximum volume within 3 minutes and its maximum volume within 20 minutes), increasing its mechanical occupancy effect and filling the gap between the venous anchoring segment 1 and the vessel opening to prevent shunt bleeding.

[0056] In a more preferred embodiment, the surface of the coating layer 31 is provided with micropores for placing hemostatic agents, which can further reduce bleeding. Specifically, the micropores are recessed structures embedded in the surface of the coating layer 31.

[0057] In one embodiment, the length of the diversion section 2 is 2-4 cm. (See the prior art stent diversion section 2). Figure 1 The length of the bracket shown is 6-10cm. In this embodiment, the length of the diversion section 2 of the bracket is 2-4cm, which can significantly shorten the diversion path and significantly improve the diversion smoothness.

[0058] In one embodiment, the venous shunt stent is made of a metal alloy. The bare venous shunt stent is fabricated using metal alloy wires. When fabricating the bare venous shunt stent using metal alloy wires, the shape of each stent unit is not particularly limited; it can be cylindrical, trumpet-shaped, etc. Similarly, the shape of the stent mesh is not particularly limited; it can be a rhomboid mesh (composed of intersecting lines forming a rhomboid perforated structure), a circular mesh (presenting circular holes, formed by ring-shaped lines or interwoven wires), a hexagonal mesh (composed of hexagonal basic units), or an irregular mesh (the shape and size of the mesh are not uniform and are individually designed according to different design requirements and vascular anatomy characteristics). See details for further information. Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 .

[0059] Preferably, the metal alloy includes, but is not limited to, nickel-titanium alloys. Nickel-titanium alloys possess excellent flexibility, shape memory, and biocompatibility. They can recover to a pre-set shape after release, adapt to the bending and peristalsis of blood vessels, and are less likely to induce an immune response in the human body.

[0060] In one embodiment, there are positioning developing rings and developing points at both ends of the bare support and the coated structure 3, respectively.

[0061] For ease of understanding, the implantation process and use of the venous shunt stent proposed in the above embodiments of this application are described below:

[0062] 1) A catheter sheath is inserted through the right internal jugular vein to the inferior vena cava to establish an interventional access. In some cases, the femoral vein is chosen as an alternative approach (e.g., when there are anatomical abnormalities in the jugular vein).

[0063] 2) Portal vein or splenic vein puncture: Under ultrasound or DSA guidance, puncture the intrahepatic portal vein or splenic vein branches, insert a catheter sheath, and then insert a pigtail catheter to the splenic vein on the hepatic side. Inferior vena cava / splenic vein angiography: Inject contrast agent through the catheter to clarify the anatomical relationship and hemodynamic status of the inferior vena cava and splenic vein.

[0064] 3) Establishment of shunt channel. A special puncture needle is used to puncture the splenic vein on the hepatic side through the inferior vena cava to establish a channel. The venous shunt stent mentioned in the above embodiments of this application is placed, and a balloon is used to dilate the puncture channel between the splenic vein and the inferior vena cava to form a stable shunt channel.

[0065] The venous shunt stent proposed in the above embodiments of this application, combined with interventional splenic vein-vena cava shunt technology, diverts blood flow from the splenic vein to the vena cava. This diverted blood flow originates from the splenic vein, which contains less ammonia, significantly reducing the risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, using the venous shunt stent proposed in the above embodiments of this application, the shunting volume in the splenic vein-vena cava shunt is moderate, effectively reducing portal vein pressure while maintaining sufficient portal vein perfusion to the liver, thus avoiding liver function damage caused by excessive shunting. In addition, the inferior vena cava's constant location, large lumen, and thick, uniform wall make the surgical procedure relatively simple, improving the success rate. Moreover, the venous shunt stent proposed in the above embodiments of this application has a shunt segment 2 length of 2-4 cm; shortening the stent significantly improves patency. In summary, the venous shunt stent proposed in the above embodiments of this application makes interventional splenic vein-vena cava shunt surgery simpler, has a higher success rate, and significantly reduces the risk of hepatic encephalopathy.

[0066] In summary, compared with existing technologies, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0067] 1. This application discloses a venous shunt stent, comprising: a venous anchoring segment and a shunt segment, wherein the venous anchoring segment is placed in the splenic vein and the inferior vena cava, respectively, and the shunt segment is used to establish a shunt channel between the venous anchoring segment in the splenic vein and the inferior vena cava. The venous shunt stent proposed in this application has a simple surgical procedure, a high success rate, and significantly reduces the risk of hepatic encephalopathy.

[0068] 2. The venous shunt stent proposed in this application has an outer layer covered with a self-expanding hydrogel 32, which can expand in volume after contact with blood, increase in size to generate a mechanical occupancy effect, and prevent bleeding in the shunt.

[0069] 3. The venous shunt stent proposed in this application has a stent length of 2-4cm, which is shorter than the stent length of 6-10cm in the prior art, thus shortening the shunt path and significantly improving the patency rate.

[0070] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0071] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A venous shunt stent, characterized in that, The venous shunt stent includes: Venous anchoring segment and shunt segment; The venous anchoring segments are placed in different veins, and the shunt segments are used to establish shunt channels between the venous anchoring segments in different veins; The venous anchoring segment includes venous anchoring segments respectively located in the splenic vein and the inferior vena cava; The number of vein anchoring segments is 2, and the number of diversion segments is greater than or equal to 1. When the number of vein anchoring segments is 2 and the number of diversion segments is 1, the shape of the overall structure when the diversion segment is connected to the two vein anchoring segments includes: double "T" shape, "H" shape, and "I" shape.

2. The venous shunt stent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the vein anchoring segment is placed in the vein, it is set in accordance with the direction of the vein.

3. The venous shunt stent as described in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The surface of the venous shunt stent is coated with a coating structure.

4. The venous shunt stent of claim 3, wherein, The coating structure includes a film layer and a self-swelling hydrogel for hemostasis, wherein the self-swelling hydrogel is coated on the film layer.

5. The venous shunt stent as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The surface of the coating layer is provided with micropores for placing hemostatic agents.

6. The venous shunt stent as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The length of the diversion section is 2-4 cm.

7. The venous shunt stent of claim 1, wherein, The venous shunt stent is made of metal alloy.

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