Safety explosion-proof structure of natural gas acetylene cracking furnace

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of cracking furnace discloses a kind of safety explosion-proof structure of natural gas preparation acetylene cracking furnace, including outer shell, the inner side of outer shell is provided with inner shell, the side of outer shell is provided with gas inlet, the side of outer shell is provided with pressure relief valve, the pressure relief valve is interconnected with inner shell, the outer side of pressure relief valve is sleeved with sleeve pipe, the side of sleeve pipe is fixedly connected with fixed pipe, the utility model is connected with fixed pipe by being sleeved with the outer side of pressure relief valve, the side of fixed pipe is communicated with first communication pipe and second communication pipe, so that in pressure relief, high-temperature gas can be effectively discharged along second communication pipe towards upper, effectively avoid the problem that personnel injury is caused by direct discharge of pressure relief valve, while the inside of fixed pipe is provided with plug-in pipe and filter plate, the top of second communication pipe is provided with top ring and filter screen, so that the ejected solid impurities can be effectively blocked and filtered, to avoid direct ejection causing personal injury.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of pyrolysis furnace technology, and in particular to a safe explosion-proof structure for a natural gas-to-acetylene pyrolysis furnace. Background Technology

[0002] Acetylene production from natural gas is an important process for the efficient conversion of natural gas. Acetylene is generated through the partial oxidation or thermal cracking of methane. It features a wide range of raw material sources and high conversion efficiency, and is widely used in chemical, materials and other fields. Its core equipment is a cracking furnace. The raw material, natural gas, is mixed with oxygen after preheating and then injected into the reaction chamber through a special burner. The cracking reaction occurs rapidly at a high temperature of over 1500℃, producing products such as acetylene and hydrogen. The products then need to be rapidly cooled to below 80℃ by a quenching system to prevent deep decomposition or polymerization of acetylene. Finally, acetylene-containing cracked gas is produced, providing qualified raw materials for subsequent purification processes.

[0003] Natural gas to acetylene is an important chemical process that relies on partial oxidation to achieve efficient conversion. The cracking furnace, as the core reaction equipment, needs to complete the methane cracking reaction at a high temperature of 1300-1500℃. The process itself is characterized by high temperature and flammability / explosiveness. To ensure the safety of the unit, the cracking furnace must be depressurized promptly in case of abnormal operating conditions such as over-temperature or over-pressure, or during normal shutdown.

[0004] However, most existing pressure relief structures adopt a direct venting mode, and the temperature of the gas ejected during pressure relief is still as high as several hundred degrees Celsius, far exceeding the range that the human body can tolerate. This can easily cause burns and other heat injuries to on-site operators. At the same time, solid impurities such as carbon black and polymer particles are generated during the pyrolysis reaction, and semi-coke particles are also carried in during the coking process. These impurities are ejected at high speed with the high-pressure gas, which may not only cause physical impact and scratches to personnel, but also exacerbate safety risks. Currently, there is a lack of targeted design for cooling the pressure relief gas and intercepting impurities, which makes this safety hazard persist for a long time and seriously affects the inherent safety of production operations.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to invent a safe and explosion-proof structure for a natural gas-to-acetylene cracking furnace to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a safe and explosion-proof structure for a natural gas-to-acetylene cracking furnace, addressing the problem that existing pressure relief structures, as mentioned in the background, mostly employ direct venting. During pressure relief, the temperature of the ejected gas remains as high as several hundred degrees Celsius, far exceeding the human tolerance range, easily causing burns and other heat injuries to on-site operators. Furthermore, the cracking reaction generates solid impurities such as carbon black and polymer particles, and the coking process also carries semi-coke particles. These impurities are ejected at high speed with the high-pressure gas, potentially causing physical impacts and scratches to personnel, and exacerbating safety risks. Currently, there is a lack of targeted designs for cooling the pressure relief gas and intercepting impurities, causing this safety hazard to persist and seriously affecting the inherent safety of production operations.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a safe and explosion-proof structure for a natural gas-to-acetylene cracking furnace, comprising an outer shell, an inner shell disposed on the inner side of the outer shell, an air inlet disposed on one side of the outer shell, an air outlet disposed on the other side of the outer shell, both the air inlet and the air outlet being interconnected with the inner shell, a pressure relief valve disposed on the side of the outer shell, the pressure relief valve being interconnected with the inner shell, a sleeve sleeved on the outer side of the pressure relief valve, a fixed pipe fixedly connected to one side of the sleeve, a first connecting pipe connected to the side of the fixed pipe away from the sleeve, and a second connecting pipe connected to the other end of the first connecting pipe;

[0008] The inner side of the fixed tube is provided with a insertion tube, the inner side of the insertion tube is provided with a through groove, and the inner side of the through groove is provided with a filter plate.

[0009] The top end of the second connecting pipe is threaded with a top ring, and a filter screen is provided at the top end of the top ring.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, a second mounting ear is fixedly connected to both sides of the fixed tube, and a fixing plate is fixedly connected to the side of the first connecting tube near the fixed tube, and the first connecting tube and the fixing plate are interconnected.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, both sides of the fixing plate are fixedly connected with first mounting ears, and the first mounting ears are correspondingly provided with second mounting ears. The first mounting ears are fixedly connected to the side of the second mounting ears by bolts.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the fixing plate is fixedly connected to the insertion tube, and limit rods are fixedly connected to both sides of the insertion tube. Grooves corresponding to the limit rods are opened at both ends of the inner side of the fixing tube.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, a sludge collection tube is provided at the bottom end of the second connecting pipe, and a threaded sleeve is fixedly connected to the top end of the sludge collection tube. The sludge collection tube is threadedly connected to the bottom end of the second connecting pipe through the threaded sleeve.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, a cavity is provided between the outer shell and the inner shell, and cold air inlets and cold air outlets are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer shell, with the cold air inlets and cold air outlets communicating with the cavity.

[0015] The technical effects and advantages of this utility model are as follows:

[0016] 1. This utility model has a fixed pipe sleeved on the outside of the pressure relief valve. One side of the fixed pipe is connected to a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe. When the pressure is released, the high temperature gas can be effectively discharged upward along the second connecting pipe, which effectively avoids the problem of direct discharge of the pressure relief valve that can easily cause personal injury. At the same time, the fixed pipe is equipped with a plug pipe and a filter plate inside, and the top of the second connecting pipe is equipped with a top ring and a filter screen, which can effectively block and filter the sprayed solid impurities and prevent direct spraying from causing personal injury.

[0017] 2. This utility model features a double-layer structure with an outer shell and an inner shell. The reaction of producing acetylene from natural gas takes place entirely within the inner shell, effectively preventing explosions. A cavity is provided between the outer and inner shells. Cold air inlets and outlets are symmetrically located on both sides of the outer shell. When the temperature in the inner shell is abnormal, cold air can be introduced into the cavity to cool the inner shell, avoiding the risk of explosion due to excessive temperature and effectively improving safety in use. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the outer shell of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram showing the disassembled second connecting pipe and sewage storage pipe in this utility model;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the insertion tube in this utility model.

[0023] In the picture:

[0024] 1. Outer shell; 11. Air inlet; 12. Air outlet; 13. Cold air inlet; 14. Inner shell; 15. Cavity; 16. Pressure relief valve;

[0025] 2. Fixed pipe; 21. Sleeve; 23. Fixed plate; 231. First mounting ear; 232. Through groove; 233. Insert pipe; 234. Limiting rod; 235. Filter plate; 24. Second mounting ear; 25. First connecting pipe; 26. Second connecting pipe; 27. Top ring; 271. Filter screen; 28. Sludge collection pipe; 281. Threaded sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0027] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 5 A safety explosion-proof structure for a natural gas-to-acetylene cracking furnace includes an outer shell 1, an inner shell 14 disposed inside the outer shell 1, an air inlet 11 disposed on one side of the outer shell 1, and an air outlet 12 disposed on the other side of the outer shell 1. Both the air inlet 11 and the air outlet 12 are connected to the inner shell 14. A pressure relief valve 16 is disposed on the side of the outer shell 1 and is connected to the inner shell 14. A sleeve 21 is sleeved on the outside of the pressure relief valve 16. A fixed pipe 2 is fixedly connected to one side of the sleeve 21. A first connecting pipe 25 is connected to the side of the fixed pipe 2 away from the sleeve 21. The other end of the first connecting pipe 25 is connected to a second connecting pipe 26.

[0028] The inner side of the fixed pipe 2 is provided with a plug pipe 233, the inner side of the plug pipe 233 is provided with a through groove 232, and the inner side of the through groove 232 is provided with a filter plate 235.

[0029] The top end of the second connecting pipe 26 is threadedly connected to a top ring 27, and a filter screen 271 is provided at the top end of the top ring 27.

[0030] Specifically, the outer shell 1 is a hollow cylinder that encloses the inner shell 14. The inlet 11 and outlet 12 horizontally penetrate the two side walls of the outer shell 1 and communicate with the interior of the inner shell 14, ensuring that natural gas can enter the inner shell 14 through the inlet 11 for cracking. The acetylene produced by the reaction can be discharged through the outlet 12. One end of the pressure relief valve 16 is connected to the side wall of the inner shell 14, and the outer side wall of the other end is tightly fitted to the inner side wall of the sleeve 21. One end of the sleeve 21 is fixedly connected to one end of the fixed pipe 2, and the other end of the fixed pipe 2 is connected to one end of the first connecting pipe 25. The other end of the first connecting pipe 25 is connected to the bottom end of the second connecting pipe 26, forming a complete pressure relief channel. The outer side wall of the insertion pipe 233 fits against the inner side wall of the fixed pipe 2 and is embedded inside the fixed pipe 2. The through groove 232 of the insertion pipe 233 is a through groove. The filter plate 235 is fixedly installed in the through groove 232, and is positioned closer to the fixed plate 23, i.e., on the side away from the pressure relief valve 16, so that the filter plate... After filtration is completed, the residue will remain inside the channel 232. The inner wall of the top end of the second connecting pipe 26 is threaded internally, and the outer wall of the top ring 27 is threaded externally. The top ring 27 is connected to the top end of the second connecting pipe 26 via the thread. The filter screen 271 is fixedly covered at the top opening of the top ring 27. In this connection method, the inner shell 14 serves as the reaction chamber, and the outer shell 1 provides an outer layer of protection to prevent the spread of fragments when the inner shell 14 is accidentally broken. When the pressure inside the inner shell 14 is too high, the pressure relief valve 16 automatically opens. The high-pressure gas enters the fixed pipe 2 through the pressure relief valve 16 and the sleeve 21 in sequence. After some solid impurities are filtered out by the filter plate 235 in the channel 232 of the insertion pipe 233, it enters the second connecting pipe 26 through the first connecting pipe 25. Finally, after the impurities are filtered again by the filter screen 271 on the top ring 27, it is discharged upward. This not only prevents impurities from being sprayed out directly and causing injury, but also prevents the gas from being discharged horizontally and causing injury to people in the vicinity through the vertical setting of the second connecting pipe 26.

[0031] Please see the appendix Figure 3 The two sides of the fixed tube 2 are fixedly connected with second mounting ears 24, and the side of the first connecting tube 25 near the fixed tube 2 is fixedly connected with a fixing plate 23. The first connecting tube 25 and the fixing plate 23 are connected to each other.

[0032] Specifically, the second mounting ear 24 consists of two plates, which are symmetrically fixed to the outer walls of the fixed tube 2 on both sides near the end of the first connecting tube 25. The fixing plate 23 is a hollow plate, which is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first connecting tube 25 on the side away from the fixed tube 2. The interior of the fixing plate 23 is connected to the interior of the first connecting tube 25, ensuring that the depressurized gas in the fixed tube 2 can smoothly enter the first connecting tube 25 through the fixing plate 23. This connection provides an installation carrier for the subsequent fixing of the fixed tube 2 and the first connecting tube 25, and also ensures the unobstructedness of the depressurization channel, avoiding gas stagnation at the connection point and pressure accumulation.

[0033] Please see the appendix Figure 3 Both sides of the fixing plate 23 are fixedly connected with first mounting ears 231, and the first mounting ears 231 are correspondingly set with the second mounting ears 24. The first mounting ears 231 are fixedly connected to the side of the second mounting ears 24 by bolts.

[0034] Specifically, the first mounting ear 231 consists of two rectangular plates that match the size of the second mounting ear 24. They are symmetrically fixed on the two side walls of the fixing plate 23, and the first mounting ear 231 and the second mounting ear 24 correspond one-to-one. Both have bolt holes with aligned positions. The bolts pass through the bolt holes of the first mounting ear 231 and the second mounting ear 24 and are locked with nuts to achieve a fixed connection between the fixing plate 23 and the fixing pipe 2. This connection method is a detachable connection, which not only ensures the stability of the connection between the first connecting pipe 25 and the fixing pipe 2, but also facilitates the subsequent removal of bolts to separate the fixing plate 23 and the fixing pipe 2, so as to clean or replace the insertion pipe 233 and the filter plate 235 inside the fixing pipe 2.

[0035] Please see the appendix Figure 3 and Figure 5 The fixing plate 23 is fixedly connected to the insertion tube 233. Limiting rods 234 are fixedly connected to both sides of the insertion tube 233. The two ends of the inner side of the fixing tube 2 are provided with grooves corresponding to the limiting rods 234.

[0036] Specifically, the insertion tube 233 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 23, and the interior of the insertion tube 233 is connected to the interior of the fixing plate 23. The limiting rod 234 consists of two cylindrical rods, which are symmetrically fixed on the outer walls of the insertion tube 233 near the fixing plate 23. The inner walls of the fixing tube 2 have long grooves at both ends that match the size and position of the limiting rod 234. The limiting rod 234 can be embedded in the groove of the fixing tube 2. In this connection, the limiting rod 234 cooperates with the groove of the fixing tube 2 to accurately position the insertion tube 233 in the fixing tube 2, preventing the insertion tube 233 from shifting or rotating under the impact of the depressurized gas. At the same time, the insertion tube 233 is fixed to the fixing plate 23, and when the fixing plate 23 is removed, the insertion tube 233 can be simultaneously removed from the fixing tube 2, which is convenient for operation.

[0037] Please see the appendix Figure 3 and Figure 4 The bottom end of the second connecting pipe 26 is provided with a dirt storage pipe 28, and the top end of the dirt storage pipe 28 is fixedly connected with a threaded sleeve 281. The dirt storage pipe 28 is threadedly connected to the bottom end of the second connecting pipe 26 through the threaded sleeve 281.

[0038] Specifically, the inner wall of the threaded sleeve 281 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the top end of the sludge collection tube 28. The outer wall of the threaded sleeve 281 has an external thread, and the inner wall of the bottom end of the second connecting tube 26 has an internal thread that matches the threaded sleeve 281. The sludge collection tube 28 is threadedly connected to the bottom end of the second connecting tube 26 through the threaded sleeve 281, and the interior of the sludge collection tube 28 is connected to the interior of the second connecting tube 26. Under this connection method, solid impurities filtered by the filter plate 235 and the filter screen 271 during the depressurization process will fall into the bottom end of the second connecting tube 26 due to gravity and enter the sludge collection tube 28 for collection. The sludge collection tube 28 can be periodically rotated to remove it from the second connecting tube 26 through the threaded sleeve 281 to clean the internal impurities and prevent the accumulation of impurities from clogging the second connecting tube 26 and affecting the depressurization effect.

[0039] Please see the appendix Figure 2 A cavity 15 is provided between the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 14. Cold air inlets 13 and cold air outlets are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer shell 1, and both the cold air inlets 13 and the cold air outlets are connected to the cavity 15.

[0040] Specifically, the gap between the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 14 forms an annular cavity 15. The cold air inlet 13 and the cold air outlet pass through the two side walls of the outer shell 1 and communicate with the cavity 15. The cold air inlet 13 and the cold air outlet are symmetrically distributed on the outer shell 1. When the temperature inside the inner shell 14 becomes too high due to abnormal reaction, low-temperature cold air can be introduced into the cavity 15 through the cold air inlet 13. The cold air flows along the annular path in the cavity 15, exchanges heat with the outer side wall of the inner shell 14, absorbs the heat of the inner shell 14, and is discharged from the cold air outlet, thereby achieving rapid cooling of the inner shell 14 and avoiding the risk of explosion caused by the inner shell 14 becoming too hot. At the same time, the cavity 15 can also buffer the impact force in the event of an accidental rupture of the inner shell 14 to a certain extent, further improving the explosion-proof performance of the overall structure.

[0041] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: In specific use, the core reaction of natural gas to acetylene is carried out in the inner shell 14. First, natural gas enters the inner shell 14 chamber through the inlet 11 connected to the inner shell 14. Under the preset process conditions, the cracking reaction is completed to generate acetylene. The acetylene gas after the reaction is discharged through the outlet 12, which is also connected to the inner shell 14, so as to realize the continuous production of acetylene. In this process, the outer shell 1, as the outer protective structure, tightly wraps the inner shell 14, which can effectively block the slight deformation impact of the inner shell 14 caused by reaction fluctuations, and at the same time avoid external factors from damaging the inner shell 14, thus providing a stable chamber environment for the reaction.

[0042] When the temperature inside the inner shell 14 rises abnormally due to exothermic reaction, low-temperature cold air can be introduced into the cavity 15 between the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 14 through the cold air inlet 13 on one side of the outer shell 1. The cold air flows along the annular space in the cavity 15, making full contact with the outer wall of the inner shell 14 and exchanging heat, absorbing the heat transferred by the inner shell 14. Then, the cold air carrying heat is discharged from the cold air outlet on the other side of the outer shell 1 that connects to the cavity 15. Through this cycle, the temperature of the inner shell 14 can be quickly reduced, avoiding the risk of material strength reduction or gas explosion due to excessive temperature, and ensuring reaction safety.

[0043] When the pressure inside the inner shell 14 exceeds the safety threshold due to the accumulation of reactive gas, the pressure relief valve 16 connected to the inner shell 14 automatically opens. The high-pressure gas first enters the pressure relief valve 16 from the inner shell 14, and then enters the fixed pipe 2 through the sleeve 21 sleeved on the outside of the pressure relief valve 16. The high-pressure gas entering the fixed pipe 2 flows through the insertion pipe 233 on the inner side of the fixed pipe 2. The filter plate 235 in the through groove 232 of the insertion pipe 233 will perform the first filtration of solid impurities in the gas. The filtered gas continues to enter the second connecting pipe through the first connecting pipe 25 connected to the fixed pipe 2. 26. When the gas flows in the second connecting pipe 26, some of the fine impurities that are not completely filtered will fall into the dirt storage pipe 28 connected to the bottom of the second connecting pipe 26 by the threaded sleeve 281 due to gravity. Finally, the purified gas is discharged from the top ring 27 threadedly connected to the top of the second connecting pipe 26. The filter screen 271 at the top of the top ring 27 will perform a second filtration on the gas to further intercept impurities. At the same time, the vertical setting of the second connecting pipe 26 makes the gas finally discharged upward, avoiding the direct impact on the surrounding operators caused by horizontal straight discharge, and achieving safe pressure relief.

[0044] When the impurities collected in the sludge collection pipe 28 reach a certain amount, the sludge collection pipe 28 can be rotated to separate the threaded sleeve 281 at the top of the sludge collection pipe 28 from the threaded structure at the bottom of the second connecting pipe 26, thereby removing the sludge collection pipe 28 to clean the internal impurities. If it is necessary to clean or replace the filter plate 235, the bolts between the first mounting ear 231 and the second mounting ear 24 can be unscrewed to separate the fixing plate 23 from the fixing pipe 2. The fixing plate 23 will drive the insertion pipe 233 fixedly connected to it to come out from the fixing pipe 2, thereby maintaining the filter plate 235 in the through groove 232 of the insertion pipe 233 and ensuring the stability of the impurity filtration effect during subsequent pressure relief.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A safety explosion-proof structure for a natural gas-to-acetylene cracking furnace, comprising an outer shell (1), an inner shell (14) disposed inside the outer shell (1), an air inlet (11) disposed on one side of the outer shell (1), and an air outlet (12) disposed on the other side of the outer shell (1), wherein the air inlet (11) and the air outlet (12) are both interconnected with the inner shell (14), characterized in that: A pressure relief valve (16) is provided on the side of the outer shell (1). The pressure relief valve (16) is connected to the inner shell (14). A sleeve (21) is sleeved on the outside of the pressure relief valve (16). A fixed pipe (2) is fixedly connected to one side of the sleeve (21). A first connecting pipe (25) is connected to the side of the fixed pipe (2) away from the sleeve (21). A second connecting pipe (26) is connected to the other end of the first connecting pipe (25). The inner side of the fixed pipe (2) is provided with a plug pipe (233), the inner side of the plug pipe (233) is provided with a through groove (232), and the inner side of the through groove (232) is provided with a filter plate (235). The top end of the second connecting pipe (26) is threaded with a top ring (27), and a filter screen (271) is provided at the top end of the top ring (27).

2. The safety explosion-proof structure of a natural gas-to-acetylene cracking furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed tube (2) is fixedly connected to two sides with second mounting ears (24), and the first connecting tube (25) is fixedly connected to a fixing plate (23) on the side near the fixed tube (2). The first connecting tube (25) and the fixing plate (23) are connected to each other.

3. The safety explosion-proof structure of a natural gas-to-acetylene cracking furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both sides of the fixing plate (23) are fixedly connected with first mounting ears (231), and the first mounting ears (231) and the second mounting ears (24) are correspondingly provided. The first mounting ears (231) are fixedly connected to the side of the second mounting ears (24) by bolts.

4. The safety explosion-proof structure of a natural gas-to-acetylene cracking furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixing plate (23) is fixedly connected to the insertion tube (233), and limit rods (234) are fixedly connected to both sides of the insertion tube (233). The two ends of the inner side of the fixing tube (2) are provided with grooves corresponding to the limit rods (234).

5. The safety explosion-proof structure of a natural gas-to-acetylene cracking furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom end of the second connecting pipe (26) is provided with a dirt storage pipe (28), and the top end of the dirt storage pipe (28) is fixedly connected with a threaded sleeve (281). The dirt storage pipe (28) is threadedly connected to the bottom end of the second connecting pipe (26) through the threaded sleeve (281).

6. The safety explosion-proof structure of a natural gas-to-acetylene cracking furnace according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: A cavity (15) is provided between the outer shell (1) and the inner shell (14). Cold air inlets (13) and cold air outlets are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer shell (1). Both the cold air inlets (13) and the cold air outlets are connected to the cavity (15).

Images