Kitchen waste pretreatment device

Abstract

The utility model relates to organic solid waste treatment technical field, the utility model provides a kind of kitchen waste pretreatment device, including box, extrusion bin, rubbing crusher and screw press are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in box, extrusion bin bottom is equipped with filter plate, filter plate below is equipped with filtrate collecting hopper, extrusion bin top is provided with the first telescopic mechanism for vertically downward extruding material, extrusion bin side is equipped with the second telescopic mechanism for the material after extrusion horizontal push to rubbing crusher in extrusion bin relative to the side of inlet, screw press is arranged obliquely, the upper portion of screw press oblique lower end is communicated with rubbing crusher, the bottom of screw press oblique lower end is connected with drain pipe, screw press oblique upper end is provided with discharge gate, realize the solid-liquid separation of kitchen waste, rubbing crusher and secondary dewatering, avoid the scattering and pollution caused by material cross-area transfer, reduce device floor area, effectively reduce kitchen waste moisture content.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of organic solid waste treatment technology, and more specifically, to a pretreatment device for kitchen waste. Background Technology

[0002] Food waste has a complex composition, containing not only a large amount of biodegradable organic matter but also a high water content. If it enters subsequent treatment stages (such as landfill, incineration, or resource utilization) without proper pretreatment, it is prone to causing soil and water pollution due to leachate leakage, and will also reduce the efficiency and economy of subsequent treatment. Therefore, the pretreatment of food waste has become a key preliminary step in its harmless, volume-reduced, and resource-recovery process, and achieving efficient solid-liquid separation and solid-phase volume reduction are the core technical requirements that pretreatment devices need to address.

[0003] However, some existing technologies fail to consider the high water content of food waste, directly feeding the raw food waste into the shredder. This causes the material to be mashed into a paste, which not only easily adheres to pipes, causing blockages and interrupting the process, but also leads to a high degree of solid-liquid fusion, greatly increasing the difficulty of subsequent separation. Ultimately, the solid waste has a persistently high water content, significantly increasing composting cycles or incineration energy consumption. On the other hand, although some technologies add simple filtration (such as ordinary flat plate filters) before shredding, they can only filter out some free water and cannot separate the water trapped in the food waste. The solid-liquid separation effect is limited, and the problem of excessively high water content still exists. This inhibits microbial activity or aggravates leachate pollution, seriously restricting the efficiency and environmental friendliness of the treatment system. In addition, residues in food waste easily get stuck in the filter mesh, causing the filter plate to clog quickly, requiring manual disassembly and cleaning, affecting processing efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pre-treatment device for kitchen waste, which solves the problem of poor solid-liquid separation effect of existing pre-treatment devices for kitchen waste.

[0005] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: a pretreatment device for kitchen waste, including a box, in which a squeezing chamber, a crusher and a screw press are arranged sequentially from top to bottom. A filter plate is provided at the bottom of the squeezing chamber, and a filtrate collection hopper is provided below the filter plate. A first telescopic mechanism for vertically squeezing the material is provided at the top of the squeezing chamber. A sludge inlet is provided on the side of the squeezing chamber. A second telescopic mechanism for horizontally pushing the squeezed material to the crusher is provided on the side of the squeezing chamber opposite to the sludge inlet. The screw press is arranged at an inclination. The upper part of the lower inclination of the screw press is connected to the crusher. A drain pipe is connected to the bottom of the lower inclination of the screw press. A discharge port is provided at the upper inclination of the screw press.

[0006] Furthermore, the second telescopic mechanism includes a telescopic cylinder and a push plate, the lower edge of which slides in contact with the filter plate for scraping and cleaning the filter plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the feed inlet of the crusher is located on the same side as the waste inlet.

[0008] Furthermore, the feed inlet of the crusher is higher than the filter plate.

[0009] Furthermore, a bin-tilter is installed on the same side of the waste inlet of the container. The bin-tilter is used to lift and tilt the garbage bin, pouring the material inside the garbage bin into the squeezing chamber.

[0010] Furthermore, the squeezing chamber is connected to a sealed door at the inlet.

[0011] Furthermore, the feed inlet of the crusher is funnel-shaped.

[0012] Furthermore, the extrusion chamber is connected to a negative pressure exhaust pipe.

[0013] This utility model has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: (1) Through the extrusion of the first telescopic mechanism and the filtration of the filter plate, as well as the inclined spiral press, solid-liquid separation, crushing and volume reduction and secondary dehydration of kitchen waste are achieved, avoiding the scattering and pollution caused by cross-regional transfer of materials, reducing the area occupied by the device, effectively reducing the moisture content of kitchen waste, and reducing energy consumption for subsequent composting, incineration and other treatment processes.

[0014] (2) The material after being pushed and squeezed by the second telescopic mechanism is scraped and cleaned at the same time, reducing the frequency of manual disassembly and cleaning, maintaining the permeability of the filter plate, ensuring the stability of the first-stage solid-liquid separation efficiency, and avoiding the decrease in dehydration effect due to blockage. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a food waste pretreatment device provided by this utility model.

[0016] Figure 2 This utility model Figure 1 Sectional view along the AA direction.

[0017] Attached reference numerals: 1-box body, 2-squeezing chamber, 20-sewage inlet, 21-filter plate, 22-filtrate collection hopper, 23-first telescopic mechanism, 24-second telescopic mechanism, 241-telescopic cylinder, 242-push plate, 25-sealing door, 26-negative pressure extraction pipe, 3-crusher, 4-screw press, 41-drain pipe, 42-discharge port, 5-tilting machine. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The specific implementation method is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Example like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, this embodiment mainly discloses a kitchen waste pretreatment device, including a box 1. The box 1 is provided with a squeezing chamber 2, a crusher 3 and a screw press 4 arranged from top to bottom. The bottom of the squeezing chamber 2 is provided with a filter plate 21 and a filtrate collection hopper 22 below the filter plate 21. The top of the squeezing chamber 2 is provided with a first telescopic mechanism 23 for vertically squeezing the material downward. The side of the squeezing chamber 2 is provided with a sewage inlet 20. The side of the squeezing chamber 2 opposite to the sewage inlet 20 is provided with a second telescopic mechanism 24 for horizontally pushing the squeezed material to the crusher 3. The screw press 4 is arranged at an inclination. The upper part of the lower inclined end of the screw press 4 is connected to the crusher 3. The bottom of the lower inclined end of the screw press 4 is connected with a drain pipe 41. The upper inclined end of the screw press 4 is provided with a discharge port 42. Specifically, the first telescopic mechanism 23 can be a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod, equipped with a stainless steel extrusion plate to ensure uniform material force; the filter plate 21 at the bottom of the extrusion chamber 2 is a porous metal plate (pore diameter 3-8mm); the screw press 4 can adopt existing technology, which is a motor-driven spiral blade structure. The extrusion chamber 2, crusher 3 and screw press 4 are arranged from top to bottom in the housing 1, forming a continuous process of solid-liquid separation, crushing and volume reduction, and secondary separation, avoiding the scattering and pollution caused by material transfer across areas, and the integrated structure greatly reduces the footprint of the device. The extrusion chamber 2 achieves primary dewatering through extrusion by the first telescopic mechanism 23 and filtration by the filter plate 21. The screw press 4 achieves secondary dewatering through inclined arrangement (inclination angle 15-30°, adapted to gravity guidance). Finally, the solid material is discharged from the discharge port 42, which can effectively reduce the moisture content of kitchen waste and reduce energy consumption for subsequent composting, incineration and other treatment processes.

[0020] Furthermore, in a specific implementation, the second telescopic mechanism 24 provided in this embodiment of the present invention includes a telescopic cylinder 241 and a push plate 242. The lower edge of the push plate 242 slides in contact with the filter plate 21 for scraping and cleaning the filter plate 21. Specifically, the telescopic cylinder 241 is a horizontally arranged multi-section nested hydraulic telescopic cylinder, which can effectively reduce the space occupied and ensure a compact device layout. The push plate 242 is a wear-resistant stainless steel plate, which can slide horizontally back and forth with the telescopic cylinder 241 and cover the entire area of ​​the filter plate 21. On the one hand, the push plate 242 can push the compressed blocky solid material to the crusher 3, avoiding the accumulation of material in the extrusion chamber 2. On the other hand, during the sliding process, the push plate 242 scrapes and cleans the filter plate 21, reducing the frequency of manual disassembly and cleaning, thereby reducing downtime, while maintaining the permeability of the filter plate 21, ensuring stable primary solid-liquid separation efficiency, and avoiding a decrease in dehydration effect due to clogging.

[0021] Furthermore, in specific implementation, the feed inlet of the pulverizer 3 provided in this embodiment of the present invention is arranged on the same side as the waste inlet 20. Specifically, the horizontal position of the feed inlet of the pulverizer 3 is aligned with the pushing trajectory of the pusher plate 242. When pouring materials, the materials pass through the waste inlet 20 and enter the extrusion chamber 2 in a horizontal or oblique manner. Most of the free liquid materials fall into the filtrate collection hopper 22 below through the filter holes on the filter plate 21 during the pouring process, so that the material state on the filter plate 21 presents a change process similar to a cone shape that gradually expands outward and slowly collapses and spreads out. The design of the feed inlet of the pulverizer 3 being on the same side as the waste inlet 20 can reduce the material from accidentally entering the pulverizer 3 directly due to inertia during the pouring process, thus ensuring the logic of the pretreatment process.

[0022] Furthermore, in a specific implementation, the feed inlet of the pulverizer 3 provided in this embodiment of the present invention is higher than the filter plate 21. Specifically, the height difference between the lower edge of the feed inlet of the pulverizer 3 and the upper surface of the filter plate 21 can be determined by the amount of material poured at one time. This height difference should ensure that the filter plate 21 can effectively support the material during the pouring process; and that the material accumulated due to the pushing action of the second telescopic mechanism 24 can smoothly enter the feed inlet of the pulverizer 3 when the material is pushed. It should be noted that there is a certain adhesion effect between the compressed materials. Through repeated pushing by the second telescopic mechanism 24, most of the material can be effectively pushed into the pulverizer 3.

[0023] Furthermore, in a specific implementation, the aforementioned container 1 provided in this embodiment of the present invention is equipped with a bin-tilting machine 5 on the same side as the sewage inlet 20. The bin-tilting machine 5 is used to lift and tilt the garbage bin, pouring the material inside the garbage bin into the squeezing chamber 2. Specifically, the bin-tilting machine 5 can be a hanging-type hydraulic bin-tilting machine 5, including a garbage bin gripping mechanism, a hydraulic lifting arm, and a tilting cylinder, installed on the outside of the container 1 and on the same side as the sewage inlet 20. During operation, the garbage bin is fixed by the gripping mechanism, hydraulically lifted to the height of the sewage inlet 20, and then the garbage bin is tilted by the tilting cylinder to ensure that the material is completely emptied.

[0024] Furthermore, in a specific implementation, the extrusion chamber 2 provided in this embodiment of the present invention is connected to a sealing door 25 via a hinged connection to the inlet 20. Specifically, the sealing door 25 is hinged to the upper edge of the inlet 20, and a rubber sealing strip is affixed to the inner side of the door to ensure a sealing effect. The door can be manually or electrically controlled by a push rod to flip it over, and when closed, it completely covers the inlet 20. During extrusion, the sealed chamber prevents the leakage of malodorous gases and also prevents materials from splashing out of the inlet 20 during the extrusion process, reducing external pollution of the equipment.

[0025] Furthermore, in specific implementation, the feed inlet of the above-mentioned crusher 3 provided in this utility model embodiment is funnel-shaped, forming a guide channel. Its large diameter end (inlet end) is close to the extrusion chamber 2, and its small diameter end (outlet end) is close to the crusher 3. Its inner wall is smooth to reduce material friction and retention blockage. The material naturally gathers along the inner wall of the feed inlet and falls into the crusher 3.

[0026] Furthermore, in a specific implementation, the aforementioned extrusion chamber 2 provided in this embodiment of the present invention is connected to a negative pressure extraction pipe 26. Specifically, by setting up the negative pressure extraction pipe 26, a continuous negative pressure is formed within the extrusion chamber 2, actively extracting odorous gases from the extrusion chamber 2 and introducing them into the subsequent waste gas treatment system, effectively improving the operating environment.

Claims

1. A kitchen waste pretreatment device, characterized in that, The device includes a housing (1), which contains, from top to bottom, a compression chamber (2), a crusher (3) and a screw press (4). The compression chamber (2) has a filter plate (21) at the bottom and a filtrate collection hopper (22) below the filter plate (21). The compression chamber (2) has a first telescopic mechanism (23) at the top for vertically squeezing the material downwards. The compression chamber (2) has a sludge inlet (20) on its side. The compression chamber (2) has a second telescopic mechanism (24) on the side opposite to the sludge inlet (20) for horizontally pushing the squeezed material to the crusher (3). The screw press (4) is arranged at an inclination. The upper part of the lower inclination of the screw press (4) is connected to the crusher (3). The bottom of the lower inclination of the screw press (4) is connected to a drain pipe (41). The upper inclination of the screw press (4) has a discharge port (42).

2. The kitchen waste pre-treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second telescopic mechanism (24) includes a telescopic cylinder (241) and a push plate (242), the lower edge of which slides in contact with the filter plate (21) for scraping and cleaning the filter plate (21).

3. The kitchen waste pre-treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed inlet of the crusher (3) is located on the same side as the sewage inlet (20).

4. The kitchen waste pre-treatment device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The feed inlet of the pulverizer (3) is higher than that of the filter plate (21).

5. The food waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The box (1) is provided with a bucket tipping machine (5) on the same side as the sewage inlet (20). The bucket tipping machine (5) is used to lift and tip the garbage can, and pour the material carried in the garbage can into the squeezing chamber (2).

6. The kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compression chamber (2) is connected to the sewage inlet (20) by a sealing door (25).

7. A pretreatment device for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed inlet of the crusher (3) is funnel-shaped.

8. The kitchen waste pre-treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extrusion chamber (2) is connected to a negative pressure exhaust pipe (26).

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