Surface nanocrystallization processing tool capable of measuring force accurately in real time

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of nanocrystallization of metal material surface, concretely is a kind of surface nanocrystallization processing tool of real-time accurate force measurement, and it is applicable to the surface strengthening treatment of shaft, plate workpiece.The tool is composed of handle, pressure sensor, tool bit and pressure display, and the specific structure is as follows: handle upper end is fixed on lathe tool rest, handle lower end is connected with the upper end of pressure sensor, the middle part of pressure sensor is connected with pressure display, the lower end of pressure sensor is connected with tool bit, and the axis of handle, pressure sensor and tool bit is consistent.The utility model processing tool has good surface nanocrystallization processing effect to shaft workpiece and plate workpiece, and can display the pressure size of tool applied to workpiece in real time accurately, and it is favorable to the stability of observation processing quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of metal material surface nanotechnology, specifically a surface nano-machining tool that can measure force accurately in real time, suitable for surface strengthening treatment of shaft and plate workpieces. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main methods for surface nano-machining of shaft-type or plate-type metal workpieces are surface mechanical rolling (SMGT) and surface mechanical burnishing (SMRT). In SMGT and SMRT, a cutting tool is fixed on a machine tool holder. The movement of the machine tool holder drives the cutting head to penetrate the workpiece surface to a certain depth. Simultaneously, the movement of the workpiece causes relative displacement between the cutting head and the workpiece surface. This induces plastic flow in the surface metal of the workpiece, resulting in grain refinement and the formation of a surface gradient nanostructure with gradually increasing grain size from the surface inwards. This improves the surface strength, wear resistance, and other mechanical properties of the workpiece. The limitation of these methods is that displacement control can only obtain the depth of the cutting head penetration into the workpiece surface, but cannot directly measure the magnitude of the pressure applied by the cutting head to the workpiece surface.

[0003] Patent CN117564609A discloses a force-measurable flexible rotary nano-sized rolling tool and a metal rolling method. While employing an elastic balancer and flexible connections to reduce friction, this reduces pressure transmission accuracy and results in insufficient dynamic response. Patent CN106584013A discloses a rigid planar rolling tool with adjustable rolling pressure. Although the rolling pressure is adjustable, the introduction of a complex structure including a multi-cone brushless motor and brake plate leads to a decrease in response speed and limits its applicability to planar machining. Patent CN106736234A discloses a rigid planar rolling tool with measurable rolling pressure. However, the force sensor has a gap with the roller mounting base, triggering measurement only upon contact, which easily introduces delays. Furthermore, the multi-component connection of the up-and-down moving assembly reduces structural rigidity and affects measurement stability.

[0004] Existing force measuring devices are difficult to measure machining pressure values ​​accurately in real time due to unreasonable structural design and other reasons. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of surface nano-sized cutting tool to achieve real-time and accurate measurement of machining pressure. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a surface nano-machining tool that can measure force accurately in real time, realize the real-time and accurate measurement of surface nano-machining pressure, and solve the problem that traditional displacement control cannot directly give pressure value.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A surface nano-machining tool capable of real-time and accurate force measurement comprises a tool holder, a pressure sensor, a tool head, and a pressure display. The specific structure is as follows: the upper end of the tool holder is fixed on the machine tool post, the lower end of the tool holder is connected to the upper end of the pressure sensor, the middle part of the pressure sensor is connected to the pressure display, and the lower end of the pressure sensor is connected to the tool head. The axes of the tool holder, the pressure sensor, and the tool head are aligned.

[0008] The aforementioned surface nano-machining tool capable of real-time and accurate force measurement has a central hole at the lower end of the tool holder along its axis. The pressure sensor is a cylindrical pressure sensor composed of an upper cylinder, a middle cylinder, and a lower cylinder, which are coaxially integrated from top to bottom. The upper end of the upper cylinder of the pressure sensor is inserted into the central hole at the lower end of the tool holder. The side of the central hole has a set screw hole and a set screw perpendicular to the upper cylinder is installed. The tool holder and the pressure sensor are securely connected by tightening the set screw.

[0009] The aforementioned surface nano-machining cutting tool, capable of real-time and accurate force measurement, has a cylindrical pressure sensor with a measurement range of 0–500 kg and a measurement accuracy of ±0.01 kg.

[0010] The aforementioned surface nano-machining tool capable of real-time and accurate force measurement has a central hole at the lower end of the lower cylinder of the pressure sensor along its axis. The tool head is a coaxial integrated structure of the tool head cylinder and the tool ball from top to bottom. The upper end of the tool head cylinder is inserted into the central hole at the lower end of the lower cylinder. The side of the central hole has a set screw hole and a set screw perpendicular to the tool head cylinder is installed. The pressure sensor and the tool head are firmly connected by tightening the set screw.

[0011] The aforementioned surface nano-machining tool capable of real-time and accurate force measurement, the central cylinder of the pressure sensor, and the pressure display are connected via a data transmission line.

[0012] The aforementioned surface nano-machining tool, capable of real-time and accurate force measurement, features a high-frequency digital pressure display that shows the pressure applied by the tool head to the workpiece surface in real time, with a display accuracy of ±0.01 kg.

[0013] The aforementioned surface nano-machining tool capable of real-time and accurate force measurement has a surface mechanical pressing tool or a surface mechanical rolling tool.

[0014] The design concept of this utility model is:

[0015] This invention significantly improves the overall rigidity and structural stability of the cutting tool by arranging the tool holder, pressure sensor, and cutting head along the same axis and fastening them sequentially without involving any other redundant supporting structures or connecting links. Furthermore, the selected pressure sensor is a column-type pressure sensor, characterized by high measurement accuracy, rapid dynamic response, and strong resistance to off-center loads. Its measurement range is 0–500 kg, with a measurement accuracy of ±0.01 kg. Combined with a high-frequency digital pressure display, it can display the pressure value exerted by the cutting head on the workpiece surface in real time, with a display accuracy of ±0.01 kg, enabling real-time and accurate measurement of machining pressure.

[0016] This utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. This utility model has a simple structure and is easy to operate. It can maintain structural stability during use and will not cause the blade to shake due to excessive pressure. It has the advantages of being durable and reduces the cost of use and maintenance difficulty.

[0018] 2. This invention can accurately measure and display the machining pressure exerted by the cutting head on the workpiece surface in real time, thereby converting the indentation depth into pressure magnitude and standardizing process parameters. Simultaneously, when pressure fluctuations are detected, changes in the workpiece's coaxiality or reference plane can be promptly identified, allowing for timely adjustments to the workpiece. This ensures stable machining quality, improves machining reliability and product quality, and demonstrates excellent results in the nano-machining of shaft and plate metal workpiece surfaces. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figures 1-2 This is a schematic diagram of the surface nano-machining tool of this invention, capable of real-time and precise force measurement; wherein, Figure 1 Main view, Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the left side.

[0020] In the figure, the following labels are used: 1-tool holder; 101-set screw; 2-pressure sensor; 201-set screw; 202-upper cylinder; 203-middle cylinder; 204-lower cylinder; 3-tool head; 301-tool ball; 302-tool head cylinder; 4-pressure indicator. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] In practical implementation, the machining tool of this utility model is installed on the tool holder of the machine tool for use. It is based on surface mechanical rolling (SMGT) and surface mechanical pressing (SMRT) technology, with the addition of a force measuring device, so that the force on the workpiece can be obtained in real time and accurately during the machining process.

[0023] like Figures 1-2 As shown, this utility model proposes a surface nano-machining tool capable of real-time and accurate force measurement, mainly comprising: a tool holder 1, a pressure sensor 2, a tool head 3, and a pressure display 4. The specific structure is as follows: the upper end of the tool holder 1 is fixed on the machine tool post, and the lower end of the tool holder 1 has a central hole along its axis. The pressure sensor 2 is a columnar pressure sensor composed of an upper cylinder 202, a middle cylinder 203, and a lower cylinder 204 coaxially integrated from top to bottom. The diameter of the middle cylinder 203 is larger than the diameters of the upper cylinder 202 and the lower cylinder 204. The upper end of the upper cylinder 202 of the pressure sensor 2 is inserted into the central hole at the lower end of the tool holder 1. The side of the central hole has a set screw hole and a set screw 101 perpendicular to the upper cylinder 202 is installed. The tool holder 1 and the pressure sensor 2 are securely connected by tightening the set screw 101. The lower cylinder 204 of the pressure sensor 2 has a central hole along its axis at its lower end. The cutter head 3 is a coaxial integral structure consisting of a cutter head cylinder 302 and a cutter ball 301 from top to bottom. The upper end of the cutter head cylinder 302 is inserted into the central hole at the lower end of the lower cylinder 204. The side of the central hole has a set screw hole and a set screw 201 perpendicular to the cutter head cylinder 302 is installed. Tightening the set screw 201 secures the pressure sensor 2 and the cutter head 3. The middle cylinder 203 of the pressure sensor 2 and the pressure display 4 are connected via a data transmission line. The pressure display is a high-frequency digital pressure display.

[0024] The axes of the tool holder 1, pressure sensor 2, and tool head 3 are aligned. When the tool ball 301 (usually a cemented carbide ball, ceramic ball, or diamond ball) at the lower end of the tool head 3 performs surface mechanical rolling (SMGT) or surface mechanical pressing (SMRT) on the workpiece, the pressure applied by the tool ball 301 to the workpiece can be accurately collected in real time by the pressure sensor 2 and the specific value can be displayed by the pressure display 4.

[0025] The present invention will be illustrated below through examples of surface nano-processing of two different types of workpieces.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] In this embodiment, a pure copper (Cu 99.99wt.%) round bar was selected as the processing object. The copper bar was heat-treated in an annealed state at a temperature of 450℃ for 1 hour, followed by air cooling to room temperature. The diameter of the test bar was 30 mm.

[0028] The machining tool of this invention was used to perform nano-surface machining on the outer diameter of the test bar on a CNC lathe. The tool head type was SMGT, the ball bearing material was tungsten carbide, and the radius of curvature was 4mm. One end of the test bar was clamped on the lathe chuck, and the other end was held in place by a center. First, a certain thickness (about 0.5mm) was removed from the outer diameter to ensure coaxiality. Then, the machining tool of this invention was mounted on the lathe tool post, and the test bar rotational speed was set to 18000mm / min, the tool feed rate to 6mm / min, and the depth of penetration to 80μm. Machining was carried out at room temperature.

[0029] During processing, the pressure applied to the test bar by the cutting head was consistently maintained within the range of 65 ± 0.5 kg, as observed by the pressure monitor, indicating that the stress on the sample surface was basically uniform. Subsequent testing revealed that the outermost grain of the sample was refined to 70 nm, the hardness of the outermost layer reached 1.3 GPa, which is 90% higher than the hardness of the substrate, and the depth of the hardened layer reached 700 μm.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] In this embodiment, a 316L austenitic stainless steel plate was selected as the processing object. Its chemical composition (wt.%) is: C 0.03%, Si 0.03%, Mn 1.05%, S 0.016%, P 0.042%, Cr 16.95%, Mo 2.04%, Ni 10.7%, and Fe balance. The 316L steel was heat-treated in the annealed state at 1100℃ for 1 hour, followed by water quenching. The plate dimensions are 100×100×5mm.

[0032] The machining tool of this invention is used to perform nano-surface machining on the upper surface of a flat plate. The machining equipment is a CNC milling machine. The tool head type is SMRT tool head, the ball material is tungsten carbide, and the radius of curvature is 4mm. The sample is placed flat on the worktable and fixed firmly. First, a certain thickness (about 0.5mm) is milled off the upper surface to ensure that the surface is level. Then, the machining tool of this invention is mounted on the milling machine spindle tool post, and the tool feed speed is set to 3000mm / min, the vertical feed direction translation interval is 40μm, and the indentation depth is 90μm. Machining is carried out at room temperature.

[0033] During processing, the pressure applied by the cutting head to the flat plate was consistently maintained within the range of 120 ± 0.5 kg, as observed by the pressure monitor, indicating that the force on the sample surface was basically uniform. Subsequent testing revealed that the outermost grain of the sample was refined to 50 nm, the hardness of the outermost layer reached 4.6 GPa, which is 130% higher than the hardness of the substrate, and the depth of the hardened layer reached 1 mm.

[0034] The results of the embodiments show that the surface nano-machining tool of this invention, which can measure force accurately in real time, has a good surface nano-machining effect on both shaft-type and plate-type workpieces. At the same time, it can display the pressure applied by the tool to the workpiece in real time and accurately, which is beneficial to observing the stability of the machining quality.

Claims

1. A surface nano-machining tool capable of real-time and precise force measurement, characterized in that, It consists of a tool holder, a pressure sensor, a tool head, and a pressure display. The specific structure is as follows: the upper end of the tool holder is fixed on the machine tool post, the lower end of the tool holder is connected to the upper end of the pressure sensor, the middle part of the pressure sensor is connected to the pressure display, and the lower end of the pressure sensor is connected to the tool head. The axes of the tool holder, the pressure sensor, and the tool head are aligned. The lower end of the tool holder has a central hole along its axis. The pressure sensor is a cylindrical pressure sensor composed of an upper cylinder, a middle cylinder, and a lower cylinder, which are coaxially integrated from top to bottom. The diameter of the middle cylinder is larger than the diameters of the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder. The upper end of the upper cylinder of the pressure sensor is inserted into the central hole at the lower end of the tool holder. The side of the central hole has a set screw hole and a set screw perpendicular to the upper cylinder is installed. The tool holder and the pressure sensor are firmly connected by tightening the set screw. The lower cylinder of the pressure sensor has a central hole along its axis at its lower end. The cutter head is a coaxial integral structure of the cutter head cylinder and the cutter ball from top to bottom. The upper end of the cutter head cylinder is inserted into the central hole at the lower end of the lower cylinder. The side of the central hole has a set screw hole and a set screw perpendicular to the cutter head cylinder is installed. The pressure sensor and the cutter head are firmly connected by tightening the set screw.

2. The surface nano-machining tool capable of real-time and accurate force measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The column-type pressure sensor has a measurement range of 0~500 kg and a measurement accuracy of ±0.01 kg.

3. The surface nano-machining tool capable of real-time and accurate force measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central cylinder of the pressure sensor and the pressure display are connected via a data transmission line.

4. The surface nano-machining tool capable of real-time and accurate force measurement according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The pressure display is a high-frequency digital pressure display that displays the pressure value of the cutter head acting on the workpiece surface in real time, with a display accuracy of ±0.01 kg.

5. The surface nano-machining tool capable of real-time and accurate force measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutter head is a surface mechanical pressing cutter head or a surface mechanical rolling cutter head.

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