A tensioning dowel structure

Abstract

This utility model relates to the technical field of auxiliary devices for automatic assembly equipment, and particularly to a tensioning positioning pin structure, including a lifting power rod that can move up and down, a tensioning drive column connected to the upper end of the lifting power rod, a side drive groove extending downward from the upper surface of the tensioning drive column on the side wall, a side drive block that is vertically limited and stationary but horizontally movable is embedded in the side drive groove, a positioning pin block is fixed on the side drive block, the side drive groove is surrounded by an inclined drive groove surface inclined to the axis of the tensioning drive column and a first circumferential limiting groove surface and a second circumferential limiting groove surface integrally connected to the inclined drive groove surface on both sides of the tensioning drive column, a driven inclined surface is formed on the side drive block that abuts against the inclined drive groove surface, and an elastic reset device is provided around the tensioning drive column that acts radially on the side drive block and can move and reset the side drive block in the horizontal direction, thus having wider applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of auxiliary devices for automatic assembly equipment, and in particular to a tensioning positioning pin structure. Background Technology

[0002] On existing industrial production lines, there are always some positioning auxiliary equipment. For example, in the process of automobile production, many parts or components need to be positioned during the production and processing. Positioning requires the assistance of positioning pins to ensure accurate processing. There are many types of existing positioning pin devices, and many of them are patented technologies.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent application number 202322428721.X discloses a vertical pneumatic pin clamping assembly, including a cylinder body, a mounting base on the top of the cylinder body, a limiting platform on the top of the mounting base, a positioning pin on the top of the limiting platform, a piston rod inside the cylinder body, a movable rod hinged to the top of the piston rod, and a clamping hook on the top of the movable rod. The piston rod drives the movable rod to rotate and clamp the workpiece by means of the clamping hook. The front end of the clamping hook is set in a "U" shape.

[0004] The existing positioning pin structure is only suitable for a limited range of workpieces, and the stability of the positioning needs to be improved. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tensioning positioning pin structure with wider applicability.

[0006] The above-mentioned objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: a tensioning positioning pin structure, including a lifting power rod that can move up and down, a tensioning drive column connected to the upper end of the lifting power rod, a side drive groove extending downward from the upper surface of the tensioning drive column on the side wall of the tensioning drive column, a side drive block that is vertically limited and stationary but horizontally movable is embedded in the side drive groove, a positioning pin block is fixed on the side drive block, the side drive groove is surrounded by an inclined drive groove surface inclined to the axis of the tensioning drive column and a first circumferential limiting groove surface and a second circumferential limiting groove surface integrally connected to the two sides of the tensioning drive column, the side drive block has a driven inclined surface formed on the inclined drive groove surface, and an elastic reset device is provided around the tensioning drive column that acts radially on the side drive block and can move and reset the side drive block in the horizontal direction.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of this invention, the angle between the inclined drive groove surface and the axis of the tension drive column is 5-45 degrees.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the side drive grooves are multiple and distributed in a circumferential array on the tension drive column.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the side drive block is a quadrangular prism structure, the driven inclined surface is the surface of the side drive block on the inner side of the radial direction along the tension drive column, the surface of the side drive block on the outer side of the radial direction along the tension drive column is the external action surface, and the surfaces of the side drive block on both sides of the circumferential direction along the tension drive column are respectively the first circumferential limiting surface and the second circumferential limiting surface, which can respectively correspond to the first circumferential limiting groove surface and the second circumferential limiting groove surface to limit the side drive block in the circumferential direction.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the elastic reset device includes a reset spring that abuts against the outer working surface and extends in the horizontal direction, and an outer surrounding abutment ring disposed around the reset spring and abutting against one end of the reset spring that is radially outward.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the outer wall of the tensioning drive column is further provided with an arc-shaped limiting groove for limiting the upward movement of the tensioning drive column, which is located below the side drive groove and communicates with the side drive groove. The maximum horizontal spacing width of the arc-shaped limiting groove is smaller than the horizontal spacing width of the side drive groove.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the top surface of the side drive block is higher than the top surface of the tension drive column, and an outer tension guide cylinder with a lower opening is sleeved around the tension drive column. The inner top of the outer tension guide cylinder abuts against the top surface of the side drive block. The side of the outer tension guide cylinder has a first window for the positioning pin block to move horizontally and radially, and a second window for the side drive block to move horizontally and radially. The first window and the second window are arranged vertically and connected vertically.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the outer circumference of the lower opening of the external tensioning guide cylinder is integrally connected with an outwardly expanding annular baffle. The annular baffle has a third window that extends radially from the inner ring to allow the side drive block to move horizontally and radially. The third window passes through the annular baffle vertically and communicates with the lower part of the second window.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the lifting power rod is a piston rod and serves as a lifting part of a power source. The power source is a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. A central supporting hollow column is fixed between the cylinder body of the power source and the annular baffle. The tensioning drive column extends downward out of the annular baffle. A guide sleeve is fitted over the portion of the tensioning drive column extending downward out of the annular baffle. The top surface of the guide sleeve can abut against the lower side of the side drive block and the lower side of the annular baffle. The central supporting hollow column has a first hole for the lower part of the annular baffle to be inserted, a second hole for the guide sleeve to be inserted, and a third hole for the lifting power rod to pass through, formed from top to bottom. The first hole, the second hole, and the third hole are connected vertically and have different diameters.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, an outer support sleeve is fitted on the outer side of the outer tensioning guide cylinder, and an outer surrounding abutment ring is fitted on the outer side of the outer support sleeve. The upper side of the outer support sleeve can abut against the lower side of the positioning pin block. A radially penetrating reset guide hole is opened on the outer support sleeve for the reset spring to pass through. An upper cover body for covering the upper part of the annular baffle is fixed on the lower side of the outer support sleeve. A cover center limiting hole is formed in the upper cover body for the upper part of the annular baffle to be inserted. The cover center limiting hole communicates with the inner sleeve hole of the outer support sleeve, and the diameter of the cover center limiting hole is larger than the diameter of the inner sleeve hole. The upper cover body is located on the upper side of the intermediate bearing hollow column and is fixed to the upper side of the intermediate bearing hollow column.

[0016] The advantages of this utility model are: wider applicability, it can match the positioning of parts production and processing in many fields, the structural stability is more reliable, and the operating precision is higher. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tensioning positioning pin structure in the embodiment;

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure after the outer surrounding abutment ring is removed;

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the outer support sleeve and the upper cover part of the structure;

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from a lower perspective;

[0021] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram after the outer support sleeve and upper cover are removed from the structure.

[0022] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the external tensioning guide cylinder and annular baffle in the upward split state;

[0023] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the external tensioning guide cylinder and the annular baffle in the structure;

[0024] Figure 8 yes Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the external tensioning guide cylinder and annular baffle section, and the intermediate load-bearing hollow column after removal;

[0025] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A three-dimensional structural diagram after the guide bushing is removed from the structure;

[0026] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the side drive block and positioning pin block in a disassembled state at one part of the structure;

[0027] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from another perspective;

[0028] Figure 12 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the central load-bearing hollow column in the structure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of the present utility model.

[0031] Examples, such as Figure 1-12As shown, a tensioning positioning pin structure includes a vertically movable lifting power rod 1 and a tensioning drive column 2 connected to the upper end of the lifting power rod 1. The tensioning drive column 2 is on top, and the lifting power rod 1 is on the bottom. The two are vertically fixedly connected by existing installation methods, or they can be kept relatively stationary in the vertical direction. In this way, the lifting power rod 1 can drive the tensioning drive column 2 to move up and down synchronously. Of course, it is also advisable to lock it in the horizontal direction as much as possible. The overall shape of the tensioning drive column 2 is first processed into a cylindrical structure and then slotted. The tensioning drive column 2 is a metal part, such as a steel structural component. Furthermore, a side drive groove 20 extending downward from the upper surface of the tensioning drive column 2 is formed on the side wall of the tensioning drive column 2. Here, the side wall of the tensioning drive column 2 refers to the side surface of the outer circumference. Furthermore, a side drive block 3, which is vertically and horizontally movable, is embedded in the side drive groove 20. The side drive block 3 can move in the horizontal radial direction of the tension drive column 2. A positioning pin d is fixed on the side drive block 3. The positioning pin d is fixed to the side of the side drive block 3 on the radially outer side of the tension drive column 2 by existing detachable fixing methods such as bolt connection. For example, the positioning pin d and the side drive block 3 have threaded holes along the radial direction. The fixing is completed by screwing a horizontally radially extending bolt into the threaded holes on the positioning pin d and the side drive block 3 together from the radially outer side. In this way, the positioning pin d can be easily replaced. The positioning pin d can be rectangular or approximately rectangular, circular, or irregularly shaped. The size of the positioning pin d can also be different. Positioning holes can be opened on the positioning pin d as needed. In this way, the positioning pin d can be replaced and matched according to different workpieces, and can be used for positioning different workpieces.

[0032] The tensioning mechanism is achieved through the following structure: The side drive groove 20 is surrounded by an inclined drive groove surface 201 inclined to the axis of the tensioning drive column 2, and a first circumferential limiting groove surface 202 and a second circumferential limiting groove surface 203 integrally connected to the inclined drive groove surface 201 on both sides of the tensioning drive column 2. The side drive block 3 has a driven inclined surface 31 formed on the inclined drive groove surface 201 that abuts against it. That is, the inclined drive groove surface 201 and the driven inclined surface 31 achieve horizontal movement and tensioning of the side drive block 3 through the principle of conical surface engagement. The inclined drive groove surface 201 moves up and down, but the driven inclined surface 31 cannot move up and down. The tensioning drive column 2 can drive the side drive block 3 to achieve horizontal radial movement, thereby completing the tensioning and relaxation states. Of course, relaxation requires reset, so the following design is made: The tensioning drive column 2 is provided with an elastic reset device that acts radially on the side drive block 3 and can make the side drive block 3 move and reset in the horizontal direction. The elastic reset device not only provides elastic buffering during the tensioning process, but also allows the side drive block 3 to reset and relax after the tensioning and positioning state ends. Here, the tensioning principle utilizes a conical structure like an inclined plane, or a wedge mechanism, to achieve the tensioning structure. This principle is conventional, but its use in the structure of this application is highly suitable. Of course, there will be further specific structural coordination in the subsequent steps.

[0033] Preferably, the inclined driving groove surface 201 is inclined at an angle of 5-45 degrees to the axis of the tensioning driving column 2. Correspondingly, the inclined surface 31 driven is inclined at an angle of 5-45 degrees to the axis of the tensioning driving column 2. The inclined driving groove surface 201 is preferably inclined from bottom to top towards the axis. In this way, when the tensioning driving column 2 rises, the side driving block 3 moves radially outward and overcomes the elastic force of the elastic reset device to perform tensioning. When the side driving block 3 falls, the elastic reset device pushes the side driving block 3 to move radially inward to reset.

[0034] Furthermore, the side drive grooves 20 are multiple and arranged in a circular array on the tension drive post 2, and correspondingly, the side drive blocks 3 are multiple and arranged in a circular array on the tension drive post 2. Preferably, four side drive grooves 20 are used, as this structure offers more reliable stability. The number of side drive grooves 20, side drive blocks 3, and positioning pin blocks d are equal.

[0035] Preferably, the side drive block 3 has a quadrangular prism structure. The driven inclined surface 31 is the inner side of the side drive block 3 along the radial direction of the tension drive column 2. The outer surface of the side drive block 3 along the radial direction of the tension drive column 2 is the outer action surface 32. The two circumferential surfaces of the side drive block 3 along the tension drive column 2 are respectively the first circumferentially limited surface 33 and the second circumferentially limited surface 34, which can correspond to the first circumferentially limited groove surface 202 and the second circumferentially limited groove surface 203 to limit the side drive block 3 in the circumferential direction. The side drive block 3 is stuck between the first circumferentially limited groove surface 202 and the second circumferentially limited groove surface 203, so it is limited in the circumferential direction. Of course, it also needs to be limited vertically, so it can only move in the horizontal radial direction. That is, the horizontal guiding component of the driven inclined surface 31 is along the horizontal radial direction. This structural design is relatively simple and solid. The side drive block 3 must always maintain a part of its radial extension beyond the side drive groove 20 to ensure the stability of the limit and also facilitate the cooperation with the surrounding structure. The radial and circumferential directions mentioned in this embodiment can be considered as the radial and circumferential directions of the tensioning drive column 2, because the axis of other circular or annular structures must be coaxial with the tensioning drive column 2 and set vertically.

[0036] Preferably, the elastic reset device includes a reset spring 41 that abuts against the outer working surface 32 and extends horizontally, and an outer retaining ring 42 disposed around the reset spring 41 and abutting against the radially outward end of the reset spring 41. The reset spring 41 extends horizontally along the radial direction of the tensioning drive column 2, and its number is the same as the number of side drive blocks 3 and is also distributed in a circumferential array. The reset spring 41 can be disposed on the lower side of the positioning pin block d, and the radially outward end of the reset spring 41 specifically abuts against the inner ring of the outer retaining ring 42. The outer retaining ring 42 can also be a ring-shaped steel ring structure.

[0037] Furthermore, an arc-shaped limiting groove 200 for limiting the upward movement of the tensioning drive column 2 is also provided on the outer wall of the tensioning drive column 2, located below the side drive groove 20 and connected to the side drive groove 20. The arc-shaped limiting groove 200 has an upward opening, and the maximum horizontal spacing width of the arc-shaped limiting groove 200 is smaller than the horizontal spacing width of the side drive groove 20. This design optimizes the force distribution in terms of structure, and provides a limiting area below during assembly. In addition, there is a safe limiting section during the upward movement. For example, if there is a problem with the external structure, the arc-shaped limiting groove 200 has a subsequent protective function.

[0038] Preferably, the top surface of the side drive block 3 is higher than the top surface of the tension drive column 2. The tension drive column 2 is surrounded by an outer tension guide cylinder 5 with an opening on its lower side. The outer tension guide cylinder 5 is a cylindrical structure with its opening facing downwards and its top sealed. It can also be a steel metal part, and the inner top of the outer tension guide cylinder 5 abuts against the top surface of the side drive block 3, thus limiting the upper side surface of the side drive block 3. The side of the outer tension guide cylinder 5 has a radially penetrating first window 51 for horizontal radial movement of the positioning pin block d and a second window 52 for horizontal radial movement of the side drive block 3. The first window 51 and the second window 52 are vertically arranged and connected, forming a T-shape. It can also be seen that the horizontal width of the first window 51 is larger than the horizontal width of the second window 52 because the horizontal width of the positioning pin block d needs to be larger during adaptation, so the window needs to be correspondingly larger. Furthermore, the first window 51 does not affect the radial movement of the part where the side drive block 3 is located. With this design, the horizontal movement is better guided during radial tensioning and relaxation, and the structure is relatively more stable.

[0039] Furthermore, an outwardly extending annular baffle 50 is integrally connected to the outer circumference of the lower opening of the outer tensioning guide cylinder 5. The annular baffle 50 has a third window 53 that extends radially from the inner ring to allow the side drive block 3 to move horizontally and radially. The third window 53 passes through the annular baffle 50 vertically and communicates with the lower part of the second window 52. The annular baffle 50 serves to improve the strength and stability of the structure and to facilitate the connection and cooperation between the upper and lower structures, while also not affecting the tensioning operation of the side drive block 3.

[0040] Furthermore, the lifting power rod 1 is a piston rod and serves as a lifting part of a power source. The power source is a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. A central supporting hollow column 6 is fixed between the cylinder body 11 of the power source and the annular baffle 50. The central supporting hollow column 6 can also be made of steel, with a rectangular outer perimeter, but various vertical placement circular holes are provided inside. The central supporting hollow column 6 plays a major supporting and transitional role in the middle. The cylinder body 11 and the central supporting hollow column 6 can be fixed at the corners by bolts connected vertically, or other existing fixing methods can be used.

[0041] Furthermore, the tensioning drive column 2 extends downward through an annular baffle 50, and a guide sleeve 7 is fitted over the portion of the tensioning drive column 2 extending downward through the annular baffle 50. The guide sleeve 7 ensures that the friction during the up-and-down movement of the tensioning drive column 2 is reduced, resulting in smoother movement and better vertical guidance, leading to a more linear force distribution. The top surface of the guide sleeve 7 can abut against the lower side of the side drive block 3 and the lower side of the annular baffle 50, while the lower side of the guide sleeve 7 is limited and supported within the central hollow support column 6. This means that the guide sleeve 7 is also locked vertically. It can be seen that the guide sleeve 7 provides limited support to the lower side of the side drive block 3, thus restricting the vertical movement of the side drive block 3. The vertical length of the guide sleeve 7 needs to be greater than the maximum vertical length of the tensioning drive column 2 extending downward through the annular baffle 50. Because the tensioning drive column 2 is movable, the vertical length of the portion protruding downward through the annular baffle 50 will vary, but it must be greater than the maximum to ensure thorough enclosure and guidance. Of course, the diameter of the lifting power rod 1 should be smaller than the inner diameter of the guide sleeve 7, because during the lifting process, the upper part of the lifting power rod 1 will enter the guide sleeve 7, so as not to affect the lifting.

[0042] Furthermore, the hollow intermediate support column 6 has, from top to bottom, a first hole 601 for the lower part of the annular baffle 50 to be inserted, a second hole 602 for the guide sleeve 7 to be inserted, and a third hole 603 for the lifting power rod 1 to pass through. The first hole 601, the second hole 602, and the third hole 603 are vertically connected and have different diameters. The diameter of the first hole 601 is larger than that of the second hole 602, and the diameter of the second hole 602 is larger than that of the third hole 603. This creates a downwardly recessed annular limiting step between the adjacent holes, thus providing limiting support for the lower part of the annular baffle 50 and the lower side of the guide sleeve 7, while the upper side has a corresponding limiting structure. Therefore, the upper and lower parts are locked. However, due to this optimization of dimensions, it does not affect the lifting operation of the lifting power rod 1 and the tensioning drive column 2.

[0043] Preferably, an outer support sleeve 8 is fitted around the outer side of the external tensioning guide cylinder 5, and an outer surrounding abutment ring 42 is fitted around the outer support sleeve 8. The upper side of the outer support sleeve 8 can abut against the lower side of the positioning pin block d, further strengthening the outer structural protection and improving the stability of the assembly. This also ensures that the positioning pin block d will not sink, while keeping the upper side of the outer support sleeve 8 as smooth as possible to avoid affecting the horizontal radial movement of the positioning pin block d. The outer support sleeve 8 can also be made of steel. Both the outer surrounding abutment ring 42 and the outer support sleeve 8 can have radial threaded holes, and radial bolts can be screwed into these holes for further fixation.

[0044] Furthermore, the outer support sleeve 8 is provided with a radially through reset guide hole 80 for the reset spring 41 to pass through, so that the reset spring 41 can have abutment positions in both the radial and inner directions and can be inserted.

[0045] Furthermore, an upper cover 81 is fixed to the lower side of the outer support sleeve 8 to cover the upper part of the annular baffle 50. The upper cover 81 has a center-limiting hole 810 for inserting the upper part of the annular baffle 50. The center-limiting hole 810 communicates with the inner sleeve hole 800 of the outer support sleeve 8, and the diameter of the center-limiting hole 810 is larger than the diameter of the inner sleeve hole 800. This creates a downward-facing circular limiting groove when the inner sleeve hole 800 and the center-limiting hole 810 are vertically connected. This effectively covers and limits the upper part of the annular baffle 50 from above, thus locking the annular baffle 50. Of course, the dimensions of the aforementioned holes must match the dimensions of the structural components filling the holes to minimize gaps and prevent movement.

[0046] In addition, the upper cover 81 is located on the upper side of the middle supporting hollow column 6 and is fixed to the upper side of the middle supporting hollow column 6. It can also be fixed at the corner by locking the upper and lower extending bolts of both.

[0047] Through the above design, the downward pushing force is transferred into a horizontal radial tensioning force, causing the side drive block 3 to expand outward and be effectively maintained. This tensioning force is then applied to the workpiece by matching the positioning pins d, achieving effective positioning. This design is suitable for various workpieces, and due to structural improvements, the stability of the tensioning and the balance of forces are better, reducing the likelihood of malfunctions. The external structural protection is more compact, and the positional constraints are more reliable. It is also applicable to positioning operations with high precision requirements.

[0048] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A tensioning dowel structure, characterized in that The device includes a lifting power rod (1) that can move up and down, and a tensioning drive column (2) connected to the upper end of the lifting power rod (1). A side drive groove (20) extending downward from the upper surface of the tensioning drive column (2) is provided on the side wall of the tensioning drive column (2). A side drive block (3) that is vertically limited and stationary but horizontally movable is embedded in the side drive groove (20). A positioning pin block (d) is fixed on the side drive block (3). The side drive groove (20) is an inclined drive groove that is inclined to the axis of the tensioning drive column (2). The surface (201) and the inclined drive groove surface (201) are surrounded by the first circumferential limiting groove surface (202) and the second circumferential limiting groove surface (203) which are integrally connected to the two sides of the tensioning drive column (2). The side drive block (3) has a driven inclined surface (31) that is abutted to the inclined drive groove surface (201). The tensioning drive column (2) is provided with an elastic reset device that acts radially on the side drive block (3) and can move and reset the side drive block (3) in the horizontal direction.

2. The tensioning positioning pin structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the inclined drive groove surface (201) and the axis of the tension drive column (2) is 5-45 degrees.

3. A tensioning dowel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The side drive slots (20) are multiple and are distributed in a circumferential array on the tension drive column (2).

4. A tensioning dowel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The side drive block (3) is a quadrangular prism structure. The driven inclined surface (31) is the surface of the side drive block (3) on the radially inner side of the tension drive column (2). The surface of the side drive block (3) on the radially outer side of the tension drive column (2) is the external action surface (32). The surfaces of the side drive block (3) on both sides of the tension drive column (2) are the first circumferentially limited surface (33) and the second circumferentially limited surface (34), respectively, and can correspond to the first circumferentially limited groove surface (202) and the second circumferentially limited groove surface (203) to limit the side drive block (3) in the circumferential direction.

5. A tensioning dowel structure according to claim 4, characterized in that The elastic reset device includes a reset spring (41) that abuts against the outer working surface (32) and extends in the horizontal direction, and an outer surrounding abutment ring (42) that is disposed around the reset spring (41) and abuts against one end of the reset spring (41) radially outward.

6. A tensioning dowel structure according to claim 4, characterized in that The outer wall of the tensioning drive column (2) is also provided with an arc-shaped limiting groove (200) located below the side drive groove (20) and connected to the side drive groove (20) for limiting the upward movement of the tensioning drive column (2). The maximum horizontal spacing width of the arc-shaped limiting groove (200) is smaller than the horizontal spacing width of the side drive groove (20).

7. A tensioning dowel structure according to claim 5, characterized in that The top surface of the side drive block (3) is higher than the top surface of the tension drive column (2). The tension drive column (2) is surrounded by an outer tension guide cylinder (5) with a lower opening. The inner top of the outer tension guide cylinder (5) abuts against the top surface of the side drive block (3). The side of the outer tension guide cylinder (5) is provided with a first window (51) for the positioning pin block (d) to move horizontally and radially, and a second window (52) for the side drive block (3) to move horizontally and radially. The first window (51) and the second window (52) are arranged vertically and connected vertically.

8. A tensioning dowel structure according to claim 7, characterized in that The outer circumference of the lower opening of the external tension guide cylinder (5) is integrally connected to an outwardly expanding annular baffle (50). The annular baffle (50) has a third window (53) that extends radially from the inner circle to allow the side drive block (3) to move horizontally and radially. The third window (53) passes through the annular baffle (50) vertically and communicates with the lower part of the second window (52).

9. A tensioning dowel structure according to claim 8, characterized in that The lifting power rod (1) is a piston rod and a lifting part that serves as a power source. The power source is a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. A middle bearing hollow column (6) is fixed between the cylinder body (11) of the power source and the annular baffle (50). The tensioning drive column (2) extends downward out of the annular baffle (50). A guide sleeve (7) is fitted over the part of the tensioning drive column (2) that extends downward out of the annular baffle (50). The top surface of the guide sleeve (7) can abut against the lower side of the side drive block (3) and the lower side of the annular baffle (50). The middle bearing hollow column (6) forms a first hole (601) for the lower part of the annular baffle (50) to be inserted, a second hole (602) for the guide sleeve (7) to be inserted, and a third hole (603) for the lifting power rod (1) to pass through, respectively, from top to bottom. The first hole (601), the second hole (602), and the third hole (603) are connected vertically and have different diameters.

10. A tensioning dowel structure according to claim 9, characterized in that An outer support sleeve (8) is fitted on the outer side of the outer tensioning guide cylinder (5), and an outer surrounding abutment ring (42) is fitted on the outer side of the outer support sleeve (8). The upper side of the outer support sleeve (8) can abut against the lower side of the positioning pin block (d). A radially penetrating reset guide hole (80) is provided on the outer support sleeve (8) for the reset spring (41) to pass through. A lower part of the lower side of the outer support sleeve (8) is fixed with a device for covering the upper part of the annular baffle (50). The upper cover (81) has a central limiting hole (810) formed inside, into which the upper part of the annular baffle (50) is inserted. The central limiting hole (810) communicates with the inner sleeve hole (800) of the outer support sleeve (8), and the diameter of the central limiting hole (810) is larger than the diameter of the inner sleeve hole (800). The upper cover (81) is located on the upper side of the intermediate bearing hollow column (6) and is fixed to the upper side of the intermediate bearing hollow column (6).

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