A special holding device for numerical control horizontal lathe

Abstract

The utility model discloses a special clamping device for numerical control horizontal lathe belongs to numerical control machine tool fixture technical field, and this device includes base, connecting disc and the upper and lower end concave assembly of the relative sliding in the connecting disc slide rail groove, and the upper and lower end concave assembly is equipped with circular clamp block and left and right triangular clamp block respectively, and each clamp block is driven telescopic by independent pneumatic assembly respectively, through the relative movement of upper and lower assembly and the cooperation use of different clamp blocks, can realize the high accuracy, stable clamping of square, circular and prism and a variety of shape workpieces. The utility model discloses reasonable in structure, easy and simple to operate, is applicable to the automatic turning of multivariety, small batch or shape complex workpiece, and the universality and processing efficiency of clamp are improved significantly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC machine tool fixture technology, specifically a special clamping device for CNC horizontal lathes. Background Technology

[0002] The machining clamping device of a CNC machine tool refers to the key process equipment used to position and firmly clamp the workpiece on the machine tool, maintaining it in a predetermined position and posture under the action of external forces such as cutting force, gravity, and centrifugal force, thereby ensuring machining accuracy and safety. On CNC horizontal lathes, the performance of the clamping device directly determines the workpiece positioning accuracy, clamping efficiency, and stability of the machining process.

[0003] Currently, the most commonly used clamping methods for workpieces of different shapes on CNC horizontal lathes are three-jaw self-centering chucks and four-jaw single-action chucks. Three-jaw chucks are mainly used for quick centering and clamping of rotating workpieces such as round and regular hexagonal shapes; four-jaw chucks can clamp eccentric or square workpieces by independently adjusting each jaw.

[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technologies have significant drawbacks in practical applications. While general-purpose chucks (such as three-jaw chucks) are easy to operate, they struggle to effectively clamp non-circular cross-sections (such as square or prismatic workpieces), easily leading to unstable clamping or inaccurate positioning. Four-jaw chucks, although more adaptable, are time-consuming to adjust, require highly skilled operators, and are inefficient, making them unsuitable for batch or automated production. Dedicated fixtures are typically expensive to design and manufacture, and can only be used for a single or very limited variety of workpieces, failing to meet the demands of modern flexible manufacturing with multiple varieties and small batches. When products are changed, the fixtures become obsolete, resulting in resource waste. Traditional clamping methods have low automation levels and are difficult to integrate efficiently with CNC systems. For complex cross-section workpieces such as prismatic ones, existing general-purpose methods struggle to achieve high-precision automatic centering and multi-faceted uniform clamping, easily causing vibration, tool deflection, or displacement during machining, affecting machining quality and dimensional consistency. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a special clamping device for CNC horizontal lathes to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a special clamping device for CNC horizontal lathes, including a base, a connecting plate fixedly connected to the base, a slide rail groove opened on the connecting plate, an upper concave component and a lower concave component slidably connected on the slide rail groove, the upper concave component and the lower concave component being vertically aligned. The upper concave component includes a recessed portion and a protruding portion; a circular clamping block groove is provided inward in the recessed portion, and a first pneumatic component is provided in the circular clamping block groove. One end of the first pneumatic component is fixedly connected to the circular clamping block; a semi-circular adapter groove is provided on the side of the circular clamping block away from the first pneumatic component. The bottom of the recessed part has a left protrusion and a right protrusion on both sides, and the left protrusion and the right protrusion are parallel and aligned. A left triangular clamping block groove is provided on the side of the left protrusion facing the right protrusion. A second pneumatic component is fixedly connected in the left triangular clamping block groove, and one end of the second pneumatic component is fixedly connected to the left triangular clamping block. A right triangular clamping block groove is provided on the side of the right protrusion facing the left protrusion. A third pneumatic component is fixedly connected in the right triangular clamping block groove, and one end of the third pneumatic component is fixedly connected to the right triangular clamping block. The left triangular clamping block has a left-tilted adapter groove on the side facing the right protrusion, and the right triangular clamping block has a right-tilted adapter groove on the side facing the left protrusion. The left-tilted adapter groove and the right-tilted adapter groove are mirror symmetrical.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, the first pneumatic component is a miniature cylinder, the cylinder body of the miniature cylinder is fitted with the inner wall of the upper groove, and the top end of the piston rod of the miniature cylinder is fixedly connected to the circular clamping block; the second and third pneumatic components are miniature cylinders, the cylinder bodies of the miniature cylinders are fitted with the inner walls of the left and right triangular clamping block grooves respectively, and the top end of the piston rod of the miniature cylinder is fixedly connected to the triangular clamping block.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the lower concave component structure is the same as the upper concave component and is mirror-symmetrically arranged in the slide rail groove.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the square workpiece is clamped in an initial state where the upper concave component is away from the lower concave component and in a state where the upper concave component is in contact with the lower concave component.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the circular workpiece is clamped in a state where the circular clamping block of the upper concave component and the circular clamping block of the lower concave component are in contact.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the prismatic workpiece is clamped in a state where the left and right triangular clamping blocks of the upper concave component are in contact with the left and right triangular clamping blocks of the lower concave component.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by this utility model are: By integrating circular clamping blocks with mirror-symmetrical left and right triangular clamping blocks, and cooperating with the sliding of upper and lower concave components and the selective extension and retraction of clamping blocks, efficient clamping of workpieces with various cross-sectional shapes such as circles, squares, and rhombuses can be achieved, significantly improving the versatility and applicability of the fixture, and reducing the number of fixture replacements and the types of inventory. By employing pneumatic drive in conjunction with guide rails, the movement of the upper and lower components is ensured to be smooth and with good centering. The semi-circular adapter groove of the circular clamping block enables automatic centering of circular workpieces; the inclined adapter grooves of the left and right triangular clamping blocks can fit the inclined surface of prismatic workpieces, achieving multi-point uniform clamping. This structure effectively avoids workpiece clamping eccentricity and displacement vibration during processing, ensuring machining accuracy and stability. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a front view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a left sectional view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping state of the circular workpiece according to this utility model; Figure 5 This is the clamping state of the prismatic workpiece of this utility model; In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Connecting plate; 21. Slide rail groove; 3. Upper concave component; 4. Lower concave component; 31. Recess; 32. Protrusion; 311. Circular clamping block groove; 312. First pneumatic component; 33. Circular clamping block; 34. Left protrusion; 341. Left triangular clamping block groove; 342. Second pneumatic component; 35. Left triangular clamping block; 36. Right protrusion; 361. Right triangular clamping block groove; 362. Third pneumatic component; 37. Right triangular clamping block. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0015] See Figure 1The present invention provides a technical solution: a special clamping device for a CNC horizontal lathe, including a base 1, a connecting plate 2 fixedly connected to the base 1, a slide rail groove 21 provided on the connecting plate 2, an upper concave component 3 and a lower concave component 4 slidably connected on the slide rail groove 21, the upper concave component 3 and the lower concave component 4 being vertically aligned.

[0016] The upper concave component 3 includes a recessed portion 31 and a protruding portion 32; the recessed portion 31 has a circular clamping block groove 311 inwardly, and a first pneumatic component 312 is disposed in the circular clamping block groove 311. One end of the first pneumatic component 312 is fixedly connected to a circular clamping block 33; a semi-circular adapter groove is provided on the side of the circular clamping block 33 away from the first pneumatic component 312.

[0017] The bottom of the recessed portion 31 is provided with a left protrusion 34 and a right protrusion 36 on both sides, and the left protrusion 34 and the right protrusion 36 are parallel and aligned.

[0018] A left triangular clamping block groove 341 is provided on the side of the left protrusion 34 facing the right protrusion 36. A second pneumatic component 342 is fixedly connected in the left triangular clamping block groove, and a left triangular clamping block 35 is fixedly connected to one end of the second pneumatic component 342.

[0019] A right triangular clamping block groove 361 is provided on the side of the right protrusion 36 facing the left protrusion 34. A third pneumatic component 362 is fixedly connected in the right triangular clamping block groove, and a right triangular clamping block 37 is fixedly connected to one end of the third pneumatic component 362.

[0020] The left triangular clamp 35 has a left tilting adapter groove on the side facing the right protrusion 36, and the right triangular clamp 37 has a right tilting adapter groove on the side facing the left protrusion 34. The left tilting adapter groove and the right tilting adapter groove are mirror symmetrical.

[0021] The first pneumatic component 312 is a miniature cylinder, the cylinder body of which is fitted against the inner wall of the upper groove, and the top of the piston rod of the miniature cylinder is fixedly connected to the circular clamping block 33; the second pneumatic component 342 and the third pneumatic component 362 are miniature cylinders, the cylinder bodies of which are fitted against the inner walls of the left triangular clamping block groove 341 and the right triangular clamping block groove 361 respectively, and the top of the piston rod of the miniature cylinder is fixedly connected to the triangular clamping block.

[0022] The lower concave component 4 has the same structure as the upper concave component 3 and is mirror-symmetrically arranged in the slide rail groove 21.

[0023] A dedicated clamping device for a CNC horizontal lathe has an initial state where the upper concave component 3 is away from the lower concave component 4, and a clamping state where the upper concave component 3 and the lower concave component 4 are in contact, holding a square workpiece. It also has a clamping state where the circular clamping block 33 of the upper concave component 3 is in contact with the circular clamping block 33 of the lower concave component 4, holding a round workpiece. Furthermore, it has a clamping state where the left triangular clamping block 35 and the right triangular clamping block 37 of the upper concave component 3 are in contact with the left triangular clamping block 35 and the right triangular clamping block 37 of the lower concave component 4, holding a rhomboid workpiece.

[0024] Working principle: In the initial state, the upper concave component 3 and the lower concave component 4 are positioned far apart along the slide rail groove 21 of the connecting plate 2, forming an open placement space. All pneumatic clamping blocks, namely the circular clamping block 33, the left triangular clamping block 35, and the right triangular clamping block 37, are in the retracted state.

[0025] According to the shape of the workpiece, place the workpiece stably in the central area between the upper and lower components, and calibrate the workpiece center to be coaxial with the lathe spindle; start the drive mechanism to drive the upper and lower components to slide towards each other along the slide rail groove 21, initially reducing the clamping distance until the workpiece is in the center of the clamping area; start the corresponding pneumatic component according to the shape of the workpiece, push the adapter clamping block to extend and fit against the workpiece surface, and achieve centering or multi-point clamping through the adapter structure of the clamping block.

[0026] After processing is completed, the pneumatic component drives the clamping block to retract, and the upper and lower components slide in opposite directions along the slide rail groove 21 to reset, and the workpiece is removed.

[0027] The special clamping device for CNC horizontal lathes uses pneumatic drive as the power core and slide rail as the movement basis. Through the relative sliding of the upper concave component 3 and the lower concave component 4, combined with the selective extension and retraction of different pneumatic clamping blocks, it is suitable for the precise clamping of three types of workpieces: square, round and prismatic, and meets the requirements of turning machining for workpiece positioning accuracy and stability.

[0028] For the planar contour characteristics of square machined parts, surface contact clamping is achieved by utilizing the mirrored concave structure of the upper and lower components: The square workpiece is placed between the upper concave component 3 and the lower concave component 4, so that the upper and lower end faces of the workpiece correspond to the contours of the concave part 31 and the protruding part 32 of the component, respectively. The drive mechanism drives the upper and lower components to slide towards each other along the slide rail groove 21. The slide rail groove 21 ensures the verticality and parallelism of the component movement and avoids offset. When the upper and lower components are fully fitted, the upper concave part 31, the left protruding part 34, the right protruding part 36 and the mirror structure at the lower end form a closed clamping space. The upper and lower end faces and sides of the square workpiece are tightly wrapped by the rigid structure of the component.

[0029] By utilizing the static friction generated by surface contact and mechanical limiting, the workpiece is securely clamped, preventing deflection or displacement during machining, thus meeting the turning requirements of square workpieces.

[0030] For circular workpieces, place the circular workpiece between the upper and lower components and align the workpiece center with the lathe spindle.

[0031] The upper and lower components slide towards each other along the slide rail groove 21 to a preset distance (leaving space for the circular clamping block 33 to extend and retract). The first pneumatic component 312 in the upper and lower components is activated. The cylinder body fits against the inner wall of the circular clamping block groove 311 to provide stable support. The piston rod extends synchronously, pushing the upper and lower circular clamping blocks 33 towards the workpiece. The two semi-circular adapter grooves gradually fit against the circumference of the circular workpiece. The arc-shaped adapter structure automatically centers the workpiece to ensure that the workpiece axis is completely aligned with the machining axis. The upper and lower components continue to be finely adjusted to a slight fit state to further enhance the clamping force. Through the dual action of pneumatic driving force and arc-shaped surface contact, high-precision and high-stability clamping of the circular workpiece is achieved, meeting the coaxiality requirements of turning.

[0032] For prismatic workpieces, the mirror-image tilting adapter slots of the left and right triangular clamping blocks 37 enable multi-point positioning and clamping of the multiple inclined surfaces of the prismatic workpiece. The prismatic workpiece is placed between the upper and lower components, with the four inclined surfaces of the workpiece aligned with the positions of the left and right triangular clamping blocks 37 of the upper and lower components, respectively. The upper and lower components are driven to slide towards each other along the slide rail groove 21 to a suitable distance, ensuring that the triangular clamping blocks can accurately contact the inclined surfaces of the workpiece when they extend and retract. The second and third pneumatic components 362 in the upper and lower components are activated, and the cylinder bodies are respectively attached to the inner walls of the grooves 361 of the left and right triangular clamping blocks. The piston rods extend synchronously, pushing the left triangular clamping block 35 and the right triangular clamping block 37 towards the workpiece. The left and right tilting adapter slots are respectively attached to the corresponding inclined surfaces of the prismatic workpiece. Due to the mirror-image symmetrical design of the adapter slots, the four triangular clamping blocks (two on the upper and two on the lower) form a uniformly distributed clamping force, positioning the prismatic workpiece from four directions and preventing the workpiece from tilting.

[0033] When the left and right triangular clamping blocks 37 of the upper and lower components are fully engaged, the clamping force reaches the preset value. Through the combination of the self-locking characteristics of the inclined surface contact and the pneumatic driving force, the prismatic workpiece is firmly clamped, ensuring uniform force and no slippage during the processing.

[0034] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A special purpose chucking device for a CNC horizontal lathe, characterized in that: Includes a base (1), on which a connecting plate (2) is fixedly connected, and a slide rail groove (21) is provided on the connecting plate (2). An upper concave component (3) and a lower concave component (4) are slidably connected on the slide rail groove (21), and the upper concave component (3) and the lower concave component (4) are vertically aligned. The upper concave component (3) includes a recessed portion (31) and a protruding portion (32); the recessed portion (31) has a circular clamping block groove (311) inwardly, and a first pneumatic component (312) is provided in the circular clamping block groove (311), and a circular clamping block (33) is fixedly connected to one end of the first pneumatic component (312); a semi-circular adapter groove is provided on the side of the circular clamping block (33) away from the first pneumatic component (312); The bottom of the recessed portion (31) is provided with a left protrusion (34) and a right protrusion (36) on both sides, and the left protrusion (34) and the right protrusion (36) are parallel and aligned. The left protrusion (34) has a left triangular clamping block groove (341) on the side facing the right protrusion (36). A second pneumatic component (342) is fixedly connected in the left triangular clamping block groove, and a left triangular clamping block (35) is fixedly connected to one end of the second pneumatic component (342). The right protrusion (36) has a right triangular clamping block groove (361) on the side facing the left protrusion (34). A third pneumatic component (362) is fixedly connected in the right triangular clamping block groove, and a right triangular clamping block (37) is fixedly connected to one end of the third pneumatic component (362). The left triangular clamp (35) has a left tilted adapter groove on the side facing the right protrusion (36), and the right triangular clamp (37) also has a right tilted adapter groove on the side facing the left protrusion (34). The left tilted adapter groove and the right tilted adapter groove are mirror symmetrical.

2. A special fixture for CNC horizontal lathe as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The first pneumatic component (312) is a miniature cylinder. The cylinder body of the miniature cylinder is fitted with the inner wall of the upper groove, and the top end of the piston rod of the miniature cylinder is fixedly connected to the circular clamp (33). The second pneumatic component (342) and the third pneumatic component (362) are miniature cylinders. The cylinder bodies of the miniature cylinders are fitted with the inner walls of the left triangular clamp groove (341) and the right triangular clamp groove (361) respectively, and the top end of the piston rod of the miniature cylinder is fixedly connected to the triangular clamp.

3. A special fixture for CNC horizontal lathe as claimed in claim 2 wherein, The lower concave component (4) has the same structure as the upper concave component (3) and is mirror-symmetrically arranged in the slide rail groove (21).

4. A special clamping device for a CNC horizontal lathe according to claim 3, characterized in that, The square workpiece is clamped in an initial state where the upper concave component (3) is away from the lower concave component (4) and the upper concave component (3) is in contact with the lower concave component (4).

5. A special clamping device for a CNC horizontal lathe according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also has a circular workpiece clamping state in which the circular clamping block (33) of the upper concave component (3) and the circular clamping block (33) of the lower concave component (4) are in contact.

6. A special clamping device for a CNC horizontal lathe according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also has a prismatic workpiece clamping state in which the left triangular clamping block (35) and right triangular clamping block (37) of the upper concave component (3) are in contact with the left triangular clamping block (35) and right triangular clamping block (37) of the lower concave component (4).

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