Motor controller, heating device, powertrain and vehicle

Abstract

This application provides a motor controller heating device, a powertrain, and a vehicle. The device includes: an inverter, an energy storage element, a three-phase motor, a first switch module, a second switch module, and a third switch module. The first terminal of the inverter is connected to one terminal of the energy storage element and to the first terminal of a power battery via the third switch module. The second terminal of the inverter is connected to the other terminal of the energy storage element and the second terminal of the power battery. The midpoint of the first phase bridge arm of the inverter is connected to the first phase winding of the three-phase motor. The midpoints of the second and third phase bridge arms are connected to the second and third phase windings respectively via the first switch module. The second phase winding is also connected to the first terminal of the power battery via the second switch module. By setting the second and third switch modules to form a charging and discharging circuit for the power battery, mutual charging and discharging between the power battery and the energy storage element can be achieved, thereby improving the heating capacity of the power battery, reducing energy loss, and precisely controlling the current.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle control technology, specifically to a motor controller heating device, powertrain, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In low-temperature conditions, new energy vehicles face challenges such as charging difficulties, low discharge efficiency, and reduced cycle life of their power batteries. Typically, the batteries need to be heated before operation. Current technology requires connecting the battery to the neutral point of the motor to achieve this heating. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, this application provides a motor controller heating device, powertrain, and vehicle. By setting a second switch module and a third switch module to form a charging and discharging circuit for the power battery, it is possible to achieve mutual charging and discharging between the power battery and the energy storage element, improve the heating capacity of the power battery, reduce energy loss, and accurately control the current.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a motor controller heating device, comprising: an inverter, an energy storage element, a three-phase motor, a first switch module, a second switch module, and a third switch module; the first end of the inverter is connected to the first end of a power battery through the third switch module, and the second end of the inverter is connected to the second end of the power battery; the midpoint of the first phase bridge arm in the inverter is connected to the first phase winding of the three-phase motor, and the midpoints of the second and third phase bridge arms in the inverter are respectively connected to the second and third phase windings of the three-phase motor through the first switch module; the second phase winding is also connected to the first end of the power battery through the second switch module; one end of the energy storage element is connected to the first end of the inverter, and the other end of the energy storage element is connected to the second end of the inverter.

[0005] In one embodiment of this application, the first switch module includes a first control switch, a first end of which is connected to the midpoint of the second phase bridge arm in the inverter, and a second end of which is connected to the second phase winding of the three-phase motor.

[0006] In one embodiment of this application, the first switch module further includes a second control switch, the first end of which is connected to the midpoint of the third phase bridge arm in the inverter, and the second end of which is connected to the third phase winding of the three-phase motor.

[0007] In one embodiment of this application, the motor controller heating device further includes: a first current sensor and a second current sensor, wherein the first current sensor is connected between the midpoint of the first bridge arm of the inverter and the first phase winding of the three-phase motor; and the second current sensor is connected between the second control switch and the second phase winding of the three-phase motor.

[0008] In one embodiment of this application, when the first switch module and the third switch module are turned off and the second switch module is closed, the power battery, the energy storage element, the first bridge arm of the inverter, the first phase winding and the second phase winding of the three-phase motor form the charging and discharging circuit of the power battery.

[0009] In one embodiment of this application, when the first switch module is closed and the second switch module is closed, the power battery, the third switch module, the energy storage element, the inverter, and the three-phase motor form a motor drive circuit.

[0010] In one embodiment of this application, the second switch module includes a third control switch, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the power battery, and the second end of which is connected to the second phase winding of the three-phase motor.

[0011] In one embodiment of this application, the third switch module includes: a fourth control switch, a fifth control switch, and a first resistor; the first terminal of the fourth control switch is connected to the first terminal of the power battery, the second terminal of the fourth control switch is connected to the first terminal of the inverter, the first terminal of the fifth control switch is connected to the first terminal of the power battery, and the second terminal of the fifth control switch is connected to the first terminal of the inverter through the first resistor.

[0012] As a second aspect of this application, this application also provides a powertrain, including: when powered on, powering the windings of a switching device through an auxiliary control circuit, a controller, and the aforementioned motor controller heating device.

[0013] As a third aspect of this application, this application also provides a vehicle including the aforementioned powertrain.

[0014] This application provides a motor controller heating device, comprising: an inverter, an energy storage element, a three-phase motor, a first switch module, a second switch module, and a third switch module; the first end of the inverter is connected to the first end of a power battery through the third switch module, and the second end of the inverter is connected to the second end of the power battery; the midpoint of the first phase bridge arm in the inverter is connected to the first phase winding of the three-phase motor, and the midpoints of the second and third phase bridge arms in the inverter are respectively connected to the second and third phase windings of the three-phase motor through the first switch module; the second phase winding is also connected to the first end of the power battery through the second switch module; one end of the energy storage element is connected to the first end of the inverter, and the other end of the energy storage element is connected to the second end of the inverter; by setting the second switch module and the third switch module to form a charging and discharging circuit for the power battery, mutual charging and discharging between the power battery and the energy storage element can be realized, improving the heating capacity of the power battery, reducing energy loss, and enabling precise current control. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a motor controller heating device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the motor controller heating device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the equivalent motor drive circuit of the motor controller heating device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the charging and discharging circuit of the motor controller heating device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0020] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the power battery discharge of the motor controller heating device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0021] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the power battery charging of the motor controller heating device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0022] In the picture:

[0023] C - Power battery, C1 - Energy storage element, A1 - First current sensor; A2 - Second current sensor;

[0024] 10 - Inverter; Q1 - First switch; Q2 - Second switch; Q3 - Third switch; Q4 - Fourth switch; Q5 - Fifth switch; Q6 - Sixth switch;

[0025] 11 - Three-phase motor; L1 - First phase winding; L3 - Second phase winding; L2 - Third phase winding;

[0026] 12 - First switch module; K4 - First control switch; K5 - Second control switch;

[0027] 13 - Second switch module; K3 - Third control switch;

[0028] 14 - Third switch module; K1 - Fourth control switch; K2 - Fifth control switch; R1 - First resistor. Detailed Implementation

[0029] This application provides a motor controller heating device, a powertrain, and a vehicle. By setting a second switch module and a third switch module to form a charging and discharging circuit for the power battery, it is possible to achieve mutual charging and discharging between the power battery and the energy storage element, improve the heating capacity of the power battery, reduce energy loss, and accurately control the current.

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] In low-temperature conditions, new energy vehicles face challenges such as charging difficulties, low discharge efficiency, and reduced cycle life of their power batteries. Typically, the batteries need to be heated before operation. Current technology requires connecting the battery to the neutral point of the motor to heat it, which necessitates significant modifications to the motor and results in high costs.

[0032] The technical solution of this application embodiment is applicable to the application scenario of heating and discharging power batteries in new energy vehicles. Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a motor controller heating device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1As shown, the motor controller heating device includes: an inverter 10, an energy storage element C1, a three-phase motor 11, a first switch module 12, a second switch module 13, and a third switch module 14. The first terminal of the inverter 10 is connected to the first terminal of the power battery C via the first switch module 12, and the second terminal of the inverter 10 is connected to the second terminal of the power battery C. The midpoint of the first phase bridge arm in the inverter 10 is connected to the first phase winding L1 of the three-phase motor. The midpoints of the second and third phase bridge arms in the inverter are connected to the second phase winding L3 and the third phase winding L2 of the three-phase motor, respectively, via the first switch module 12. The second phase winding L3 is also connected to the first terminal of the power battery C via the second switch module 13. One end of the energy storage element C1 is connected to the first terminal of the inverter 10, and the other end of the energy storage element C1 is connected to the second terminal of the inverter 10. The first terminal of the power battery C is the positive terminal, and the second terminal of the power battery C is the negative terminal. The energy storage element C1 is preferably a capacitor.

[0033] It should be noted that the first phase winding can be any phase winding in a three-phase motor, the second phase winding is one of the other two phase windings different from the first phase winding, and the third phase winding is the other phase winding among the other two phase windings. This embodiment uses the first phase winding as the U-phase winding, the second phase winding as the W-phase winding, and the third phase winding as the V-phase winding as an example for illustration. The first, second, and third phase windings in the three-phase motor are respectively connected to the midpoints of the first, second, and third phase bridge arms in the inverter.

[0034] The first, second, and third phase bridge arms of inverter 10 each include an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm. The upper bridge arm of the first phase bridge arm includes a first switch Q1 and a diode connected in parallel with the first switch Q1. The upper bridge arm of the second phase bridge arm includes a second switch Q3 and a diode connected in parallel with the second switch Q3. The upper bridge arm of the third phase bridge arm includes a third switch Q2 and a diode connected in parallel with the third switch Q2. The lower bridge arm of the first phase bridge arm includes a fourth switch Q4 and a diode connected in parallel with the fourth switch Q4. The lower bridge arm of the second phase bridge arm includes a fifth switch Q6 and a diode connected in parallel with the fifth switch Q6. The lower bridge arm of the third phase bridge arm includes a sixth switch Q5 and a diode connected in parallel with the sixth switch Q5. The midpoint of the first phase bridge arm is the intermediate connection point connecting the first switch Q1 and the fourth switch Q4. The midpoint of the second phase bridge arm is the intermediate connection point connecting the second switch Q3 and the fifth switch Q6. The midpoint of the third phase bridge arm is the intermediate connection point connecting the third switch Q2 and the sixth switch Q5. The first switch Q1, second switch Q3, third switch Q2, fourth switch Q4, fifth switch Q6, and sixth switch Q5 can be bipolar junction transistors, preferably insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). When the first switching module is on and the second switching module is off, the power battery C, energy storage element C1, inverter 10, and three-phase motor 11 form a motor drive circuit, and the three-phase motor operates normally.

[0035] When the first and third switch modules are off and the second switch module is on, the energy storage element C1, the inverter 10, the two-phase windings of the three-phase motor 11, and the power battery C are sequentially connected to form a charging and discharging circuit for the power battery. Adjusting the duty cycle of the inverter 10 controls the charging and discharging time of the power battery, thereby regulating the charging and discharging current of the power battery C. This enables mutual charging and discharging between the power battery and the energy storage element, improving the power battery's heating capacity, reducing energy loss, and allowing for precise current control.

[0036] For the specific circuit diagram of the motor controller heating device, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 The first switching module includes a first control switch K4. The first terminal of the first control switch K4 is connected to the midpoint of the second phase bridge arm in the inverter, and the second terminal of the first control switch K4 is connected to the second phase winding L3 of the three-phase motor. By setting the first control switch K4, when the motor controller heating device is operating in pulse heating mode, the second phase bridge arm of the inverter can be disconnected from the second phase winding L3 of the three-phase motor.

[0037] The first switching module also includes a second control switch K5. The first terminal of the second control switch K5 is connected to the midpoint of the third phase bridge arm in the inverter, and the second terminal is connected to the third phase winding L2 of the three-phase motor. By setting the second control switch K5, the third phase bridge arm of the inverter can be disconnected from the third phase winding of the three-phase motor during pulse heating mode. Without the second control switch K5, the third switch Q2 and the sixth switch Q5 are open, but due to the diodes, a V-phase diode freewheeling phenomenon exists in the inverter circuit, causing the capacitor voltage to rise. With the addition of the second control switch K5, the second control switch is open, and the V-phase diode freewheeling circuit no longer exists. The voltage of the energy storage element C is significantly reduced, meaning a small-capacity capacitor is sufficient.

[0038] The motor controller heating device further includes a first current sensor A1 and a second current sensor A2. The first current sensor A1 is connected between the midpoint of the first bridge arm of the inverter and the first phase winding L1 of the three-phase motor. The second current sensor A2 is connected between the first control switch and the second phase winding L3 of the three-phase motor. The first current sensor A1 is used to detect the phase current flowing through the first phase winding of the three-phase motor, which is the current of the charging and discharging circuit. If the second phase winding of the second current sensor A2, which is away from the three-phase motor, is connected to the second switch module, then when the motor controller heating device is operating in pulse heating mode, the second current sensor A2 is used to detect the current of the charging and discharging circuit, and the detected current is consistent with that of the first current sensor A1. When the motor controller heating device is operating in other modes, the second current sensor A2 is used to detect the current flowing through the second phase winding L3 of the three-phase motor.

[0039] The second switch module includes a third control switch K3. The first terminal of the third control switch K3 is connected to the first terminal of the power battery C, and the second terminal of the third control switch K3 is connected to the second phase winding L3 of the three-phase motor. The third control switch K3 is turned on when the motor controller heating device is operating in pulse heating mode, connecting the second phase winding of the three-phase motor to the first terminal of the power battery to form a charging and discharging circuit for the power battery. When the motor is operating normally, the second switch module is turned off, disconnecting the connection between the second phase winding of the three-phase motor and the first terminal of the power battery, allowing the motor controller heating device to form a motor drive circuit.

[0040] The third switch module 14 includes a fourth control switch K1, a fifth control switch K2, and a first resistor R1. The first terminal of the fourth control switch K1 is connected to the first terminal of the power battery C, and the second terminal of the fourth control switch K1 is connected to the first terminal of the inverter. The first terminal of the fifth control switch K2 is connected to the first terminal of the power battery C, and the second terminal of the fifth control switch K2 is connected to the first terminal of the inverter through the first resistor R1. When the motor controller heating device operates in other modes, the fourth control switch K1 is closed, enabling the motor controller heating device to form a motor drive circuit to drive the motor normally. The fifth control switch K2 and the first resistor R1 form a pre-charging circuit, which pre-charges the energy storage element C1 when the motor controller heating device operates in other modes, preventing damage to the device caused by sudden current changes in the motor drive circuit.

[0041] See Figure 3 When the first switch module 12 is closed and the second switch module 13 is open, the power battery C, energy storage element C1, inverter, and three-phase motor 11 form a motor drive circuit to drive the three-phase motor to work normally. Based on the motor drive circuit, the fifth control switch K2 is first turned on to precharge the energy storage element C1. Then, the fourth control switch K1 is turned on while the fifth control switch K2 is turned off, so that the three-phase motor 11 can work normally through the motor drive circuit.

[0042] When the first switch module 12 and the third switch module 14 are open, and the second switch module 13 is closed, that is, when the first control switch K4, the second control switch K5, the fourth control switch K1, and the fifth control switch K2 are open, and the third control switch K3 is closed, the energy storage element C1, the inverter, the three-phase motor, and the power battery C form the charging and discharging circuit of the power battery. Specifically, as follows... Figure 4 As shown, the first terminal of the power battery C is connected to the midpoint of the first phase bridge arm in the inverter via the second phase winding L3 and the first phase winding L1 of the three-phase motor connected in series. The midpoint of the first phase bridge arm is the intermediate connection point between the upper and lower bridge arms of the first phase bridge arm. The midpoint of the first phase bridge arm is connected to one end of the energy storage element C1 via the first switch Q1, and the midpoint of the first phase bridge arm is connected to the other end of the energy storage element C1 and the second terminal of the power battery C via the fourth switch Q4. The first terminal of the power battery C is the positive terminal, and the second terminal is the negative terminal. The energy storage element is preferably a capacitor. At this time, all switches in the second and third phase bridge arms of the inverter are in the off state.

[0043] In this embodiment, one phase of the three-phase motor is connected to the power battery via a control switch, and another phase is connected to the switching transistor in the inverter via a control switch. This allows for AC heating of the power battery without any changes to the three-phase motor or the power battery. Furthermore, once the motor is pre-positioned, the three-phase motor can operate without rotation. The common practice in the market is to connect the battery to the motor's neutral point via a relay; this embodiment does not require modification to the motor.

[0044] In this embodiment, the first control switch K4, the second control switch K5, the third control switch K3, and the fourth control switch K1 can be opened first, and the fifth control switch K2 can be closed to pre-charge the energy storage element C1, so that the voltage at both ends of the power battery is equal to that at both ends of the energy storage element. Then, the first switch module 12 and the third switch module 14 are opened, and the second switch module 13 is closed. That is, the first control switch K4, the second control switch K5, the fourth control switch K1, and the fifth control switch K2 are opened, and the third control switch K3 is closed, so that the charging and discharging circuit of the power battery formed by the energy storage element C1, the first phase bridge arm of the inverter 10, the first phase winding L1 and the second phase winding L3 in the three-phase motor 11, and the power battery C is formed.

[0045] Furthermore, by controlling the first phase bridge arm of the inverter 10 that is not connected to the first switch module 12, a Boost circuit is first formed to enable the power battery to charge the energy storage element, and then a Buck circuit is formed to enable the energy storage element to charge the battery. This cycle is repeated to achieve heating and discharging of the power battery C.

[0046] In this embodiment, the switching of the first switch Q1 in the first phase bridge arm is cyclically controlled to achieve the switching between the Boost and Buck circuits. When the first switch Q1 is on, it charges the motor windings, and the load is powered by the energy storage element C1. When the first switch Q1 is off, the diode connected in parallel with the first switch Q1 is on, and the phase current cannot change abruptly. Therefore, the inductor current supplies power to the load and capacitor through the diode. The load is the three-phase motor and the internal equivalent resistance of each component. In the Buck-Boost circuit, the charging and discharging process of the capacitor, which is the energy storage element C1, will generate certain losses: the capacitor is not an ideal component, and it has an internal equivalent series resistance (ESR). When current flows through the capacitor, the ESR will cause Joule heating, resulting in energy loss. During the charging and discharging process of a capacitor, the injection and release of charge will cause energy loss (dielectric loss) due to dielectric polarization; leakage current, ripple, etc. will also cause energy loss, resulting in less capacitor discharge energy and slow current decay. The deviation between the actual value and the demand value is made into a PID adjustment as compensation added to the demand current, so that the current can remain stable and no longer decay.

[0047] In this embodiment, when the power battery needs to be discharged, the first phase bridge arm in the inverter is controlled. The first phase bridge arm and two phase windings in the three-phase motor form a Boost circuit to achieve the discharge of the power battery. See also Figure 5 In the inverter 10, the first switch Q1 in the upper arm of the first phase bridge arm is turned off. The diode connected in parallel with the first switch Q1, the first phase winding L1 connected to the first phase bridge arm, and the second phase winding L3 of the three-phase motor form a Boost circuit. Current flows out from the positive terminal of the power battery C, sequentially through the second phase winding L3 of the three-phase motor 11, the first phase winding L1 of the three-phase motor 11, the diode connected in parallel with the first switch Q1 in the inverter 10, and the energy storage element C1, before returning to the negative terminal of the power battery C. The power battery C charges the energy storage element C1 through this Boost circuit.

[0048] When the energy storage element charges the power battery, it controls the first phase bridge arm in the inverter. The first phase bridge arm and two phase windings in the three-phase motor 11 form a Buck step-down circuit to charge the power battery. (See also...) Figure 6 In the inverter 10, the first switch Q1 in the upper arm of the first phase bridge arm is turned on, forming a Buck step-down circuit consisting of the first switch Q1, the first phase winding L1 connected to the first phase bridge arm, and the second phase winding L3 of the three-phase motor 11. Current flows out from the first terminal of the energy storage element C1, sequentially passing through the first switch Q1 in the inverter 10, the first phase winding L1 of the three-phase motor 11, the second phase winding L3 of the three-phase motor 11, the positive terminal of the power battery C, and the negative terminal of the power battery C, before returning to the second terminal of the energy storage element C1. The energy storage element C1 charges the power battery C through this Buck step-down circuit.

[0049] The power battery uses sinusoidal current for charging and discharging. The current waveform formula is I = Asin(2πft), where A is the current amplitude, which cannot exceed the maximum charging and discharging current the power battery can withstand; f is the current frequency, which cannot exceed the frequency value that the three-phase motor can withstand. A larger current amplitude results in better heating of the power battery, and a higher current frequency leads to more frequent charging and discharging, also resulting in better performance. Adjustments can be made according to specific needs. A negative current I indicates capacitor discharge, charging the battery; a positive current I indicates power battery discharge, charging the capacitor. By controlling the battery charging and discharging current to a sinusoidal current through step-up and step-down voltage control, AC heating of the power battery is achieved. The on and off times of each switch in the first phase bridge arm of the inverter 10 can be adjusted by setting the duty cycle of the control pulse, thereby regulating the charging and discharging current of the power battery.

[0050] The motor controller heating device of this application embodiment includes: an inverter, an energy storage element, a three-phase motor, a first switch module, a second switch module, and a third switch module; the first end of the inverter is connected to the first end of the power battery through the third switch module, and the second end of the inverter is connected to the second end of the power battery; the midpoint of the first phase bridge arm in the inverter is connected to the first phase winding of the three-phase motor, and the midpoints of the second and third phase bridge arms in the inverter are respectively connected to the second and third phase windings of the three-phase motor through the first switch module; the second phase winding is also connected to the first end of the power battery through the second switch module; one end of the energy storage element is connected to the first end of the inverter, and the other end of the energy storage element is connected to the second end of the inverter. By setting the second switch module and the third switch module to form a charging and discharging circuit for the power battery, mutual charging and discharging between the power battery and the energy storage element can be realized, improving the heating capacity of the power battery, reducing energy loss, and enabling precise current control.

[0051] This application also provides a powertrain, including: a controller and the above-described motor controller heating device.

[0052] This application also provides a vehicle, including the powertrain described above.

[0053] The basic principles of this application have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, and effects mentioned in this application are merely examples and not limitations, and should not be considered as essential features of each embodiment of this application. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed above are for illustrative and facilitative purposes only, and are not limitations. These details do not limit the application to the necessity of employing the aforementioned specific details for implementation.

[0054] The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems involved in this application are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, or configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are open-ended terms meaning “including but not limited to,” and are used interchangeably with them. The terms “or” and “and” as used herein refer to the terms “and / or,” and are used interchangeably with them unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “such as” as used herein refers to the phrase “such as but not limited to,” and is used interchangeably with it.

[0055] It should also be noted that in the apparatus, equipment, and methods of this application, the components or steps can be disassembled and / or recombined. These disassemblies and / or recombinations should be considered as equivalent solutions of this application.

[0056] The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0057] It should be understood that the qualifying terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” “fifth,” and “sixth” used in the description of the embodiments of this application are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0058] The above description has been given for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of this application to the forms disclosed herein. Although numerous exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof.

Claims

1. A motor controller heating device, characterized in that, The motor controller heating device includes: an inverter, an energy storage element, a three-phase motor, a first switch module, a second switch module, and a third switch module; the first end of the inverter is connected to the first end of the power battery through the third switch module, and the second end of the inverter is connected to the second end of the power battery; the midpoint of the first phase bridge arm in the inverter is connected to the first phase winding of the three-phase motor, and the midpoints of the second and third phase bridge arms in the inverter are connected to the second and third phase windings of the three-phase motor respectively through the first switch module; the second phase winding is also connected to the first end of the power battery through the second switch module; one end of the energy storage element is connected to the first end of the inverter, and the other end of the energy storage element is connected to the second end of the inverter.

2. The motor controller heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first switch module includes a first control switch, the first end of which is connected to the midpoint of the second phase bridge arm in the inverter, and the second end of which is connected to the second phase winding of the three-phase motor.

3. The motor controller heating device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first switch module further includes a second control switch, the first end of which is connected to the midpoint of the third phase bridge arm in the inverter, and the second end of which is connected to the third phase winding of the three-phase motor.

4. The motor controller heating device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The motor controller heating device further includes: a first current sensor and a second current sensor, wherein the first current sensor is connected between the midpoint of the first bridge arm of the inverter and the first phase winding of the three-phase motor; and the second current sensor is connected between the second control switch and the second phase winding of the three-phase motor.

5. The motor controller heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the first switch module and the third switch module are turned off, and the second switch module is closed, the power battery, the energy storage element, the first bridge arm of the inverter, the first phase winding and the second phase winding of the three-phase motor form the charging and discharging circuit of the power battery.

6. The motor controller heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the first switch module is closed and the second switch module is closed, the power battery, the third switch module, the energy storage element, the inverter, and the three-phase motor form a motor drive circuit.

7. The motor controller heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second switch module includes a third control switch, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the power battery, and the second end of which is connected to the second phase winding of the three-phase motor.

8. The motor controller heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third switch module includes: a fourth control switch, a fifth control switch, and a first resistor; the first end of the fourth control switch is connected to the first end of the power battery, the second end of the fourth control switch is connected to the first end of the inverter, the first end of the fifth control switch is connected to the first end of the power battery, and the second end of the fifth control switch is connected to the first end of the inverter through the first resistor.

9. A powertrain, characterized in that, The powertrain includes: a controller and a motor controller heating device as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the powertrain as described in claim 9.

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