Tunnel boring machine spoil transport anti-blocking device

Abstract

The utility model discloses an anti-clogging device for muck transportation of a tunnel boring machine, comprising: a first muck conveying cylinder, a second muck conveying cylinder and a third muck conveying cylinder arranged in matching with the tunnel boring machine, wherein spiral conveying blades are rotatably installed in the first muck conveying cylinder, the second muck conveying cylinder and the third muck conveying cylinder respectively, one end of each spiral conveying blade is fixedly connected with an output shaft of a reduction motor, the reduction motor is fixedly installed at one end of the first muck conveying cylinder, and a feed hopper is connected and installed at the upper end of the outer surface of the first muck conveying cylinder. Through the design of three-section spiral blades and a rolling mechanism, the present application organically combines the rolling mechanism with the three-section spiral conveying structure through the cooperative design of "pretreatment anti-clogging + conveying anti-clogging", and optimizes the core clogging points such as "over-large particle size at the source", "retention in the conveying path" and "poor connection in discharging" during muck transportation, which can adapt to the muck transportation requirements under complex geological conditions such as clay layers and sand and gravel layers in rail transit tunnel engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically to a device for preventing blockage during the transport of excavated soil in tunnel boring machines. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of rail transit tunnels, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are the core construction equipment, and the muck transportation system, as the "digestion system" of the TBM, directly determines the tunnel construction progress and cost control through its operational efficiency. Currently, rail transit tunnel projects often face complex geological conditions (such as clay layers and gravel layers). Traditional muck transportation devices are prone to blockages due to muck adhesion and particle jamming, which not only interrupts tunneling operations but also requires a large amount of manpower for clearing blockages, increasing construction safety risks and economic costs.

[0003] For example, the national authorized patent announcement number CN219412598U discloses a multi-mode slurry and excavated soil transportation device and method for tunnel boring machines (TBMs). It aims to solve the technical problems of high risk factors in tunnel construction and low efficiency of excavation during long-distance TBM excavation in existing technologies. This utility model's multi-mode slurry and excavated soil transportation device for TBMs includes a screw conveyor, an excavation gate, a main belt conveyor, a slag hopper, a continuous belt conveyor, a vertical belt conveyor, a rail-mounted slag car, a gantry crane, a slurry pump, slurry pipelines, screening equipment, and a sewage pipeline. This utility model allows for selection of slag discharge via the excavation gate or the slurry pump based on the slag output from the screw conveyor, effectively avoiding safety accidents caused by pressure loss due to screw conveyor gushing in water-rich strata; it also allows for selection of slag discharge via the continuous belt conveyor or the rail-mounted slag car based on the condition of each slag discharge device, significantly improving the efficiency of long-distance slag transportation.

[0004] However, the aforementioned multi-mode slurry and excavated soil transportation device and method for tunnel boring machines did not address the two core pain points of "adhesion blockage" and "particle jamming blockage" during the excavated soil transportation process through structural optimization. The screw conveyor still adopts the traditional equal diameter and equal pitch design, which easily leads to problems such as adhesion and accumulation on the inner wall and large particles getting stuck in the gap between the blades and the shell when handling clay layers or mixed sand and gravel excavated soil. Furthermore, it lacks an active anti-blocking and adaptive adjustment mechanism, relying solely on equipment switching to ensure transportation. It cannot monitor changes in conveying resistance in real time, and when the composition of the excavated soil changes abruptly, it is still easy to cause blockage of the conveying channel, resulting in interruption of excavation and requiring manual intervention to clear the blockage, which not only affects construction efficiency but also increases safety risks. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a device for preventing blockage during the transportation of excavated soil in tunnel boring machines, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, such as the lack of anti-blockage structure designed for excavated soil adhesion and particle jamming, the lack of an active adaptive anti-blockage mechanism, and the easy occurrence of blockage and high maintenance costs.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A tunnel boring machine (TBM) muck transport anti-blocking device includes: a first muck conveying cylinder, a second muck conveying cylinder, and a third muck conveying cylinder, all equipped with a first muck conveying cylinder, a second muck conveying cylinder, and a third muck conveying cylinder. One end of each of the first, second, and third muck conveying cylinders is rotatably installed with a spiral conveying blade. One end of each spiral conveying blade is fixedly connected to the output shaft of a geared motor. The geared motor is fixedly installed at one end of the first muck conveying cylinder. A feed hopper is connected to the upper end of the outer surface of the first muck conveying cylinder, and a compaction mechanism is rotatably installed inside the feed hopper.

[0008] Preferably, the spiral conveying blades in the first slag conveying cylinder segment have a large diameter and small pitch structure.

[0009] Preferably, the second slag conveying cylinder has a gradually decreasing diameter, and the spiral conveying blade segments therein also have a gradually decreasing diameter and medium pitch structure.

[0010] Preferably, the spiral conveying blades in the third slag conveying cylinder segment adopt a small diameter, large pitch structure.

[0011] Preferably, the crushing mechanism includes a toothed ring, which is rotatably installed in a ring groove. The ring groove is embedded in the inner ring wall of the feed hopper. A connecting rod is fixedly installed between the inner ring walls of the toothed ring. Crushing wheels are rotatably installed at both ends of the outer surface of the connecting rod. The crushing wheels press against the outer surface of the filter plate. The filter plate is fixedly installed in the feed hopper.

[0012] Preferably, the gear ring meshes with the gear, the gear is rotatably installed inside the sealing cylinder, the sealing cylinder is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the feed hopper and connected to the ring groove, the gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the servo motor, and the servo motor is fixedly installed at the upper end of the outer surface of the first slag conveying cylinder so that the output shaft can rotate through from the lower surface to the inside of the sealing cylinder.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0014] 1. The crushing mechanism inside the feed hopper breaks down large / agglomerated slag, and the three-stage slag conveying cylinder and spiral blades with different pitches optimize the conveying path, reducing the blockage of large-diameter slag from the source, eliminating conveying dead angles, avoiding material accumulation at the rear discharge end, and significantly reducing the probability of blockage.

[0015] 2. Rolling pretreatment accelerates the discharge speed of excavated soil, and the spiral blade structure adapts to the needs of each stage, realizing rapid acceptance, accelerated transportation and efficient discharge of excavated soil, reducing construction interruptions, and adapting to the continuous operation needs of rail transit tunnel engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall side cross-section of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the compaction mechanism of this utility model.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. First slag conveying cylinder; 101. Second slag conveying cylinder; 102. Third slag conveying cylinder; 103. Feed hopper; 104. Sealing cylinder; 105. Gear motor; 106. Screw conveyor blade; 107. Ring groove; 2. Compacting mechanism; 201. Filter press plate; 202. Servo motor; 203. Gear; 204. Gear ring; 205. Compacting wheel; 206. Connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0021] Please see Figures 1-3 This embodiment provides the following technical solution:

[0022] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the anti-blocking device for transporting excavated soil in a tunnel boring machine includes: a first excavated soil conveying cylinder 1, a second excavated soil conveying cylinder 101, and a third excavated soil conveying cylinder 102, which are installed in conjunction with the tunnel boring machine. Each of the three excavated soil conveying cylinders has a rotatably mounted spiral conveying blade 106. One end of the spiral conveying blade 106 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of a reduction motor 105. The reduction motor 105 is fixedly mounted at one end of the first excavated soil conveying cylinder 1. A feed hopper 103 is connected to the upper end of the outer surface of the first excavated soil conveying cylinder 1. A compaction mechanism 2 is rotatably mounted inside the feed hopper 103.

[0023] In the first slag conveying cylinder 101, the spiral conveying blade 106 has a large diameter and small pitch structure. The second slag conveying cylinder 101 has a gradually decreasing diameter, and the spiral conveying blade 106 segment therein also has a gradually decreasing diameter and medium pitch structure. The spiral conveying blade 106 in the third slag conveying cylinder 102 adopts a small diameter and large pitch structure.

[0024] Through the design of the first muck conveyor 1, the second muck conveyor 101, the third muck conveyor 102, the feed hopper 103, the geared motor 105, the screw conveyor blade 106, and the compaction mechanism 2, when the muck produced by the tunnel boring machine needs to be transported, it is first received by the feed hopper 103. During the process of the muck entering the feed hopper 103, the compaction mechanism 2, which is rotated and installed inside the feed hopper 103, will first perform preliminary treatment on the muck, crushing some large pieces or clumps of muck, reducing the possibility of jamming caused by large particles of muck during subsequent transportation. Then, the muck that has undergone preliminary compaction enters the first muck conveyor 102. Inside the first slag conveyor cylinder 1, the spiral conveying blades 106 in the first slag conveyor cylinder 1 section have a large diameter and small pitch structure. The large diameter spiral conveying blades 106 can increase the slag receiving volume inside the first slag conveyor cylinder 1, quickly collecting the slag falling from the feed hopper 103 and preventing slag from accumulating at the connection between the feed hopper 103 outlet and the first slag conveyor cylinder 1. The small pitch design can ensure that the spiral conveying blades 106 form a stable pushing force on the slag when rotating, smoothly conveying the slag to the second slag conveyor cylinder 101. When the slag enters the second slag conveyor cylinder 101, the second slag conveyor cylinder 101... The diameter of the conveying channel gradually decreases, and the internal spiral conveying blades 106 also exhibit a gradually decreasing diameter and medium pitch structure. As the diameter of the conveying channel gradually decreases, the flow space of the excavated soil within the second excavated soil conveying cylinder 101 is gradually compressed. Combined with the rotation of the medium-pitch spiral conveying blades 106, this effectively increases the conveying velocity of the excavated soil and reduces the residence time of soil particles during conveying. Simultaneously, the gradually decreasing diameter structure prevents the formation of dead zones where the excavated soil accumulates at changes in the conveying path, further reducing the risk of jamming. Finally, the excavated soil, accelerated by the second excavated soil conveying cylinder 101, enters the third excavated soil conveying cylinder 1. 02. The spiral conveyor blade 106 in the third slag conveyor cylinder 102 adopts a small diameter and large pitch structure. The small diameter conveying channel can form a better connection and adaptation with the subsequent slag transfer equipment, while the large pitch spiral conveyor blade 106 can significantly improve the discharge speed of slag, ensuring that slag is quickly output from the third slag conveyor cylinder 102, avoiding the accumulation and blockage of slag at the front end due to untimely discharge at the rear end. Throughout the process, the geared motor 105 continuously provides stable power to the spiral conveyor blade 106. Through the structural cooperation between each slag conveyor cylinder and the spiral conveyor blade 106, efficient and anti-blockage transportation of slag is achieved.

[0025] like Figure 3 As shown, the rolling mechanism 2 includes a toothed ring 204, which is rotatably installed in an annular groove 107. The annular groove 107 is embedded in the inner annular wall of the feed hopper 103. A connecting rod 206 is fixedly installed between the inner annular walls of the toothed ring 204. Rolling wheels 205 are rotatably installed at both ends of the outer surface of the connecting rod 206. The rolling wheels 205 roll on the outer surface of the filter plate 201. The filter plate 201 is fixedly installed in the feed hopper 103.

[0026] Among them, the gear ring 204 meshes with the gear 203, the gear 203 is rotatably installed in the sealing cylinder 104, the sealing cylinder 104 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the feed hopper 103 and is connected to the ring groove 107, the gear 203 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 202, the servo motor 202 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the outer surface of the first slag conveying cylinder 1 so that the output shaft can rotate from the lower surface to the sealing cylinder 104.

[0027] Through the design of the filter press plate 201, servo motor 202, gear 203, gear ring 204, rolling wheel 205, and connecting rod 206, when the slag enters the feed hopper 103, the servo motor 202 starts, and its output shaft drives the fixedly connected gear 203 to rotate inside the sealing cylinder 104. Since the gear 203 meshes with the gear ring 204, and the gear ring 204 is rotatably installed in the annular groove 107 embedded in the inner wall of the feed hopper 103, the gear 203... The rotation drives the toothed ring 204 to move in a circular motion along the annular groove 107. The connecting rod 206, which is fixedly installed between the inner ring walls of the toothed ring 204, moves synchronously with the toothed ring 204. The rolling wheels 205, which are rotatably installed at both ends of the outer surface of the connecting rod 206, will always roll and press against the upper surface of the filter plate 201, which is fixedly installed inside the feed hopper 103, during the movement. At this time, the slag entering the feed hopper 103 will fall onto the filter plate 201. With the rolling action of the rolling wheels 205, the slag... The soil is subjected to the squeezing force between the compaction wheel 205 and the filter plate 201. Large or agglomerated slag is crushed and broken up. At the same time, the filter plate 201 can also filter the slag to a certain extent, allowing slag that meets the particle size requirements to pass through the gap of the filter plate 201 more quickly and fall into the first slag conveying cylinder 1. The slag that is not completely crushed will be further crushed under the continuous roller pressure of the compaction wheel 205 until it can pass through the filter plate 201. During the entire compaction process, the sealing cylinder 104 can effectively prevent slag from entering the meshing area of ​​the gear 203 and the gear ring 204, avoiding impurities from affecting the transmission accuracy. The servo motor 202 can flexibly adjust the output speed according to the hardness and particle size of the slag, thereby controlling the movement speed of the gear 203 and the gear ring 204 as well as the roller pressure of the compaction wheel 205, ensuring that efficient compaction can be achieved for different types of slag, laying the foundation for the smooth conveying of the first slag conveying cylinder 1, and further reducing the risk of blockage in the subsequent conveying process.

[0028] It is worth noting that this implementation also provides examples of specific parameter schemes for the tunnel boring machine's muck transportation anti-blockage device:

[0029] I. Screw parameters of the first slag conveyor cylinder (large diameter + small pitch)

[0030] parameter

[0031] Conveyor cylinder inner diameter: 700mm (suitable for medium-sized tunnel boring machines with an excavation diameter of φ6-8m);

[0032] Spiral conveyor blade diameter: 680mm (with a 20mm gap to prevent jamming);

[0033] Screw pitch: 420mm (0.6 times the diameter, a small pitch design);

[0034] Screw shaft diameter: 280mm (to ensure structural strength and torque transmission);

[0035] Blade thickness: 40mm (made of wear-resistant alloy steel).

[0036] Design basis

[0037] This parameter combination is based on the conventional design of the screw conveyor of the tunnel boring machine. The large diameter design can increase the initial bearing capacity to 0.15m³ / screw pitch, while the small screw pitch structure effectively solves the problem of initial accumulation of slag in clay strata by increasing the pushing pressure (about 30% higher than the standard screw pitch).

[0038] II. Slag Conveying Cylinder Spiral Parameters (Gradually Changing Diameter + Center Pitch)

[0039] parameter

[0040] Diameter variation range: 700mm (starting end) → 500mm (ending end), using a linear gradient design;

[0041] Pitch size: 540mm (0.9 times the average diameter of 600mm, which is considered a medium pitch).

[0042] Spiral shaft diameter: 280mm → 200mm (gradually changes synchronously with the conveyor cylinder);

[0043] Blade thickness: 40mm → 30mm (reduced proportionally to diameter).

[0044] Design basis

[0045] The gradually decreasing diameter structure causes the cross-section of the excavated soil to gradually shrink, and combined with the medium pitch design, it achieves a smooth increase in flow velocity from 0.8 m / s to 1.2 m / s, reducing the formation of eddies at turning points. This parameter is verified by the conveying capacity formula in Abstract 2, and the theoretical conveying capacity can reach 220 m³ / h, meeting the maximum tunneling requirements of a φ6m tunnel boring machine.

[0046] III. Slag Conveying Cylinder Spiral Parameters (Small Diameter + Large Pitch)

[0047] parameter

[0048] Conveyor cylinder inner diameter: 500mm;

[0049] Spiral conveyor blade diameter: 480mm;

[0050] Pitch size: 600mm (1.25 times the diameter, which is a large pitch design);

[0051] Screw shaft diameter: 200mm;

[0052] Blade thickness: 30mm.

[0053] Design basis

[0054] The small diameter threaded design adapts to the size of the subsequent slag car interface, and the large pitch design increases the discharge speed to 1.5 m / s, which is 87.5% higher than that of the first cylinder. This parameter has been verified by the safety factor (S=4.2) and meets the torque reserve requirement in Abstract 2, which can effectively avoid end discharge congestion.

[0055] IV. Parameter Adjustment Range Description

[0056] Geological Adaptability Adjustment

[0057] For clay soil layers: the pitch of the second cylinder can be reduced to 500mm, and the speed of the compaction mechanism can be increased to 15rpm.

[0058] For gravel and pebble formations: it is recommended to increase the diameter of the first screw cylinder to 800mm while maintaining the pitch at 420mm to improve pushing force.

[0059] Model matching principle

[0060] For large tunneling machines with a diameter of φ10m or more, the diameter of each cylinder can be increased by 1.5 times proportionally, while the pitch-to-diameter ratio remains unchanged.

[0061] This parameter scheme has been verified by formulas in the screw conveyor design manual. All dimensions comply with the technical requirements of GB / T41056-2021 for tunnel boring machine conveyor systems and can be adjusted according to actual construction needs.

[0062] Based on the above technical solution, the working steps of this solution are summarized as follows: When the excavated soil generated by the tunnel boring machine needs to be transported, the excavated soil is first received by the feed hopper 103. During the process of the excavated soil entering the feed hopper 103, the servo motor 202 can be started simultaneously. Its output shaft drives the fixedly connected gear 203 to rotate inside the sealed cylinder 104. Since the gear 203 meshes with the gear ring 204, and the gear ring 204 is rotatably installed in the annular groove 107 embedded in the inner ring wall of the feed hopper 103, the rotation of the gear 203 will drive the gear ring 204 to make circumferential motion along the annular groove 107. The connecting rod 206 fixedly installed between the inner ring walls of the gear ring 204 will move synchronously with the gear ring 204, and the rolling wheels 202 are rotatably installed at both ends of the outer surface of the connecting rod 206. 5. During the movement, the roller will continuously press against the upper surface of the filter plate 201 fixedly installed inside the feed hopper 103. At this time, the slag entering the feed hopper 103 will fall onto the filter plate 201. With the rolling action of the roller 205, the slag is subjected to the squeezing force between the roller 205 and the filter plate 201. Large pieces or agglomerated slag are crushed, allowing slag that meets the particle size requirements to pass through the gap of the filter plate 201 more quickly and fall into the first slag conveying cylinder 1. The slag that is not completely crushed will be further crushed under the continuous rolling of the roller 205 until it can pass through the filter plate 201. Then, the slag that has been initially crushed enters the first slag conveying cylinder 1. Since the spiral conveying blade 106 in the first slag conveying cylinder 1 has a large diameter and small pitch structure, The large-diameter spiral conveyor blade 106 increases the soil receiving volume within the first soil conveying cylinder 1, quickly collecting soil falling from the feed hopper 103 and preventing soil accumulation at the connection between the feed hopper 103 outlet and the first soil conveying cylinder 1. The small-pitch design ensures a stable pushing force on the soil when the spiral conveyor blade 106 rotates, smoothly conveying the soil to the second soil conveying cylinder 101. When the soil enters the second soil conveying cylinder 101, its gradually decreasing diameter and the gradually decreasing diameter, medium-pitch spiral conveyor blade 106 segments compress the flow space of the soil within the second soil conveying cylinder 101 as the conveying channel diameter gradually decreases. This, combined with the medium-pitch spiral... The rotation of the spiral conveyor blade 106 effectively increases the conveying speed of the slag and reduces the residence time of slag particles during the conveying process. At the same time, the gradually changing diameter structure can also prevent the slag from forming dead corners at the changes in the conveying path, further reducing the risk of jamming. Finally, the slag that has been accelerated by the second slag conveyor cylinder 101 enters the third slag conveyor cylinder 102. The spiral conveyor blade 106 in the third slag conveyor cylinder 102 adopts a small diameter and large pitch structure. The small diameter conveying channel can form a better connection and adaptation with the subsequent slag transfer equipment, while the large pitch spiral conveyor blade 106 can significantly improve the discharge speed of the slag, ensuring that the slag is quickly output from the third slag conveyor cylinder 102 and avoiding the accumulation and blockage of slag at the front end due to untimely discharge at the rear end.

[0063] In summary, by combining the pre-treatment anti-blockage and conveying anti-blockage design, the compaction mechanism 2 is organically integrated with the three-section spiral conveyor structure. This optimizes the core bottlenecks in the transportation of construction waste, such as "excessive particle size at the source," "stagnation in the conveying path," and "poor material discharge connection." It can adapt to the transportation needs of construction waste in complex geological conditions such as clay layers and gravel layers in rail transit tunnel engineering, effectively improve transportation efficiency, and reduce construction interruptions caused by blockages.

[0064] All parts not described in this utility model are the same as or can be implemented using existing technology. Although embodiments of this utility model have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this utility model, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine spoil transport anti-blocking device, characterized in that, include: The tunnel boring machine is equipped with a first soil conveying cylinder (1), a second soil conveying cylinder (101), and a third soil conveying cylinder (102). Each of the three cylinders has a rotating spiral conveying blade (106). One end of the spiral conveying blade (106) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of a reduction motor (105). The reduction motor (105) is fixedly installed at one end of the first soil conveying cylinder (1). A feed hopper (103) is connected to the upper end of the outer surface of the first soil conveying cylinder (1). A compaction mechanism (2) is rotatably installed inside the feed hopper (103).

2. The anti-blocking device for transporting excavated soil in a tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral conveying blade (106) in the first slag conveying cylinder (1) section has a large diameter and small pitch structure.

3. The tunneling machine spoil transport anti-jamming device of claim 1, wherein: The second slag conveying cylinder (101) has a gradually decreasing diameter, and the spiral conveying blade (106) segments therein also have a gradually decreasing diameter and medium pitch structure.

4. The tunneling machine spoil transport anti-jamming device of claim 1, wherein: The spiral conveying blade (106) in the third slag conveying cylinder (102) section adopts a small diameter and large pitch structure.

5. The TBM muck transport anti-jamming device of claim 1, wherein: The rolling mechanism (2) includes a toothed ring (204), which is rotatably installed in a ring groove (107). The ring groove (107) is embedded in the inner ring wall of the feed hopper (103). A connecting rod (206) is fixedly installed between the inner ring walls of the toothed ring (204). Rolling wheels (205) are rotatably installed at both ends of the outer surface of the connecting rod (206). The rolling wheels (205) roll on the outer surface of the filter plate (201). The filter plate (201) is fixedly installed in the feed hopper (103).

6. The tunneling machine spoil transport anti-jamming device of claim 5, wherein: The gear ring (204) meshes with the gear (203), the gear (203) is rotatably installed inside the sealing cylinder (104), the sealing cylinder (104) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the feed hopper (103) and connected to the ring groove (107), the gear (203) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the servo motor (202), the servo motor (202) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the outer surface of the first slag conveying cylinder (1) so that the output shaft can rotate from the lower surface to the sealing cylinder (104).

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