An anode rod, an electrode assembly, and an electrolytic cell

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of chemical industry and provides an anode rod, an electrode assembly and an electrolytic cell for potassium perchlorate production.The anode rod comprises a connecting section and an electrode section which are connected in a round rod shape.The connecting section is in a round tube shape and is provided with end plates at both ends, and the material is titanium.The electrode section is a mesh tube with holes uniformly distributed on the surface, and is provided with end rings at both ends, and the material is titanium, and the inner and outer surfaces are coated with a lead dioxide coating.Compared with the prior art, the anode rod improves the adhesion of the anode rod coating, prolongs the service life, and has more uniform current density distribution, better conductivity and lower power consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of chemical technology, specifically relating to an anode rod, electrode assembly, and electrolytic cell used in the production of potassium perchlorate. Background Technology

[0002] Potassium perchlorate is an important inorganic oxidizing agent in modern industry, widely used in fireworks, firecrackers, propellants, matches, and pharmaceuticals. It is also a chemical raw material for the preparation of other perchlorates. The electrolysis-metathesis method is currently the mainstream production process for potassium perchlorate, which includes three main steps: sodium chlorate electrolysis, sodium perchlorate electrolysis, and the metathesis of sodium perchlorate and potassium chloride. The sodium perchlorate electrolysis step is particularly crucial.

[0003] Sodium perchlorate electrolysis involves feeding a sodium perchlorate solution into a sodium perchlorate electrolytic cell equipped with electrode components, then applying electricity to generate an electrolyte solution. The electrolysis process is typically carried out in a diaphragmless electrolytic cell, which consists of a diaphragmless tank and multiple sets of electrode components. This cell is the core equipment of the process, and its performance directly affects the quality of the final product, energy consumption, and production stability.

[0004] The electrode assembly of the sodium perchlorate electrolyzer is a key component for the electrochemical reaction, consisting of a central anode rod and multiple uniformly distributed cathode bars on the outer periphery. Its structural design, material selection, and assembly method have a decisive impact on electrolysis efficiency, uniformity of voltage and current distribution, energy consumption, and electrode lifespan.

[0005] Currently, electrolytic cell equipment and electrode assemblies in this field face several technical challenges. First, precise voltage control is required during electrolysis. Too low a voltage may lead to incomplete reactions, while too high a voltage may cause negative reactions and excessive corrosion of the electrodes. This places high demands on the uniformity of current density distribution on the electrode surface. Second, the electrodes, especially the anode, need to have good conductivity, corrosion resistance, and catalytic activity. They are easily corroded and worn in the harsh electrolysis environment. Existing anode rods typically use ceramic tubes as the substrate, sealed at both ends, with the outer surface coated with graphite or lead dioxide. Together with multiple cathode bars evenly distributed around the periphery, they form positive and negative electric fields in the electrolyte to realize the electrolysis process.

[0006] During electrolysis, the anode rod will continuously generate oxygen bubbles through an oxygen evolution reaction. The scouring effect of these bubbles may mechanically damage the coating. The difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the coating and the substrate material may also lead to a decrease in adhesion due to temperature fluctuations. In actual use, the conductive coating on the surface of the anode rod may peel off and be lost due to airflow, liquid flow, temperature fluctuations, and corrosion. Peeling off at different locations can also cause uneven distribution of the current field, which will aggravate the loss of the conductive coating. In severe cases, the anode rod must be replaced.

[0007] To increase the adhesion of the anode rod coating and extend its service life, the industry has explored relevant technologies, including anode rod substrate materials, surface treatment, and adhesion processes. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This application provides an anode rod, an electrode assembly, and an electrolytic cell. The technical problem to be solved is that the adhesion of the coating on the anode rod is improved, the service life is extended, the current density distribution is more uniform, the conductivity is better, and the power consumption is lower.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes the following technical solutions: The anode rod described in this application includes a connecting section and an electrode section, which are connected end to end to form a round rod shape; The connecting section is cylindrical with end caps at both ends, and is made of titanium. The electrode segment is a mesh tube with holes evenly distributed on its surface, with end rings at both ends. It is made of titanium and has lead dioxide coating on both the inner and outer surfaces.

[0010] Furthermore, the holes in the electrode segment can be one of rhombus, circle, square, and polygon.

[0011] Furthermore, the maximum size of the holes in the electrode segment is 3~10mm; the minimum distance between adjacent holes is 1~5mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the thickness of the coating on the electrode segment surface is 0.2~3mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer surface of the connecting segment may be provided with a coating layer, and the coating layer material may be one of copper, nickel, gold, silver and tin.

[0014] The electrode assembly includes an anode rod employing the above-described technical solution.

[0015] The electrolytic cell includes an electrode assembly employing the above-described technical solution.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the anode rod, electrode assembly, and electrolytic cell described in this application are: The electrode section coating of the anode rod is wrapped around the inner and outer surfaces of the mesh tube metal body, resulting in better adhesion and stronger resistance to fluid erosion. The connecting section and electrode section of the anode rod are both made of titanium metal, which has better conductivity and lower power consumption compared with the existing technology that relies on a ceramic substrate external coating for conductivity. The inner and outer surfaces of the mesh of the anode rod electrode segment are conductive, which increases the anode conductive area and makes the current density distribution more uniform. At the same time, the mesh also reduces fluid flow resistance and reduces the scouring intensity of airflow and liquid flow on the coating, which can reduce coating peeling and loss and extend service life. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the anode rod described in this application; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the electrode assembly described in this application; Figure 3 This is a side view of the electrolytic cell described in this application; Figure 4 This is a top view of the electrolytic cell described in this application.

[0018] The labels in the above figures are: 1. Anode rod, 11. Connecting section, 12. Electrode section, 13. Sealing plate, 14. End ring, 2. Cathode ring, 3. Anode connector, 4. Insulating tube, 5. Cathode connector, 6. Rubber plug, 7. Electrode assembly, 8. Insulating cover plate, 9. Electrolytic cell.

[0019] It should be noted that: In this article, terms such as "up," "down," "left," and "right" used to describe directions are based on the markings or relative positions in the above-mentioned attached figures, and are not intended to impose limitations. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The specific embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: This application provides an anode rod 1, an electrode assembly 7 using the anode rod 1, and an electrolytic cell 9 using the electrode assembly 7.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the anode rod 1 includes a connecting section 11 and an electrode section 12.

[0022] First, a section of titanium tube is used, and sealing plates 13 are welded to both ends to form a closed, cylindrical connecting section 11, all made of metallic titanium. The outer surface of the connecting section 11 may be provided with a coating layer, and the coating layer material may be one of copper, nickel, gold, silver and tin.

[0023] Secondly, a perforated plate is selected, and the holes can be one of rhombus, circle, square and polygon. The maximum size of the mesh is 3~10mm, and the minimum distance between adjacent holes is 1~5mm. The perforated plate is rolled into a circular perforated tube with the same diameter as the connecting section 11. End rings 14 are welded to both ends to fix the shape, forming the electrode section 12. All of them are made of titanium.

[0024] Then, one end of the connecting segment 11 and one end of the electrode segment 12 are welded together to form a whole, round rod-shaped anode rod 1. Both the connecting segment 11 and the electrode segment 12 are made of titanium metal. Compared with the existing technology that relies on a ceramic substrate for conductivity, the conductivity is better and the power consumption is lower.

[0025] Finally, a lead dioxide coating is uniformly applied to the inner and outer surfaces of electrode segment 12, with a coating thickness of 0.2~3mm. This coating covers the inner and outer surfaces of the mesh tube metal body, resulting in better adhesion and stronger resistance to fluid erosion. The lead dioxide coating can further improve the conductivity of the anode rod 1.

[0026] The inner and outer surfaces of the mesh tube of the electrode segment 12 are conductive, which increases the anode conductive area and makes the current density distribution more uniform. At the same time, the holes also reduce the fluid flow resistance and reduce the scouring intensity of airflow and liquid flow on the coating, which can reduce coating peeling and loss and extend service life.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, the electrode assembly 7 described in this application uses the aforementioned anode rod 1, with an anode connector 3 connected to the upper section of its connecting segment 11. An insulating tube 4 is sleeved on the outer side of the lower section of the connecting segment 11, and a cathode ring 2 is sleeved on the outer side of the insulating tube 4. The lower end of the cathode ring 2 is flush with the lower end of the electrode segment 12 of the anode rod 1 and maintains a uniform gap with the outer periphery of the anode rod 1. A cathode connector 5 is connected to the upper end, and a rubber plug 6 is also sleeved on the outer side of the upper section.

[0028] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the electrolytic cell 9 described in this application uses multiple sets of uniformly arranged electrode assemblies 7, and each set of electrode assembly 7 is mounted on an insulating cover plate 8 of the electrolytic cell 9 using a rubber stopper 6; the electrolytic cell 9 is suitable for the production of potassium perchlorate.

[0029] It should be noted that the above is only one embodiment of the technical solution described in this application, and similar embodiments proposed by relevant personnel based on the technical principles described in this application should be within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An anode rod, characterized in that: The anode rod (1) includes a connecting section (11) and an electrode section (12), which are connected end to end to form a round rod shape; The connecting section (11) is cylindrical, with sealing plates (13) at both ends, and is made of titanium. The electrode segment (12) is a mesh tube with holes evenly distributed on its surface, with end rings (14) at both ends. It is made of titanium metal and is coated with lead dioxide coating on both the inner and outer surfaces.

2. The anode rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The holes in the electrode segment (12) can be rhomboid, circular, square, or polygonal.

3. The anode rod of claim 1, wherein: The maximum size of the holes in the electrode segment (12) is 3~10mm; the minimum distance between adjacent holes is 1~5mm.

4. The anode rod of claim 1, wherein: The thickness of the coating on the surface of the electrode segment (12) is 0.2~3mm.

5. The anode rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the connecting section (11) may be provided with a coating layer, and the coating material may be one of copper, nickel, gold, silver and tin.

6. An electrode assembly, characterized in that: Includes the anode rod (1) as described in any one of claims 1-5.

7. An electrolytic cell, characterized in that: Includes the electrode assembly (7) as described in claim 6.

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