A small opening device

Abstract

This application discloses a small-scale opening device, relating to the field of textile machinery manufacturing technology. It includes a machine body with a cotton conveying channel, a cotton inlet mechanism, an opening mechanism, and a dust removal and ventilation mechanism. The cotton conveying channel has a rectangular cross-section and includes an inlet section and an outlet section arranged sequentially and interconnected along the material conveying direction. The inlet section is located above the outlet section, and the two are arranged at an acute angle. The connection between the inlet and outlet sections is set as the opening working area. The cotton inlet mechanism includes an inlet roller and a first driving component for driving the inlet roller. The opening mechanism includes an opening beater and a second driving component for driving the opening beater. The inlet roller and the opening beater are sequentially rotatably installed in the opening working area. The opening device of this application can efficiently loosen tangled fiber bundles in the waste cotton, achieving preliminary separation of effective fibers from impurities and reducing the difficulty of waste cotton recycling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of textile machinery manufacturing technology, and in particular to a small opening device. Background Technology

[0002] In the cotton textile industry, spinning is a core production process, and its technological level directly affects yarn quality and production efficiency. Traditional spinning processes are based on physical processing and typically encompass six key steps: opening and cleaning, carding, drawing and compacting, roving twisting, spinning refining, and winding and packaging. Among these, the opening and cleaning process deals with raw cotton or chemical fiber materials. Its core objective is to initially loosen, purify, and uniformly mix the bales of lumpy raw materials. The core equipment for this process mainly includes cotton grabbers, cotton openers, cotton blenders, and cotton cleaners, which work together to achieve raw material pretreatment.

[0003] In actual production, cotton inevitably becomes contaminated with various foreign fibers (referred to as "foreign fibers") during harvesting, transportation, and storage. These impurities significantly impact the quality of subsequent yarn. However, the core equipment used in traditional cotton opening and cleaning processes, such as cotton pickers, cotton openers, and cotton cleaners, primarily rely on mechanical impact and airflow separation principles to remove impurities. Their technology has significant limitations—they can only effectively remove larger inorganic particles, and their efficiency in removing foreign fibers is generally low, making it difficult to meet the production requirements of high-quality yarn. To solve the problem of foreign fiber removal, cotton mills generally add cotton foreign fiber removal equipment (referred to as "foreign fiber machine") after the cotton opener to specifically remove and treat foreign fibers in the cotton. However, during the precise removal of foreign fibers, the foreign fiber machine inevitably sprays out some effective cotton fibers (referred to in the industry as "fallen cotton" or "impure cotton"), with an impurity rate typically as high as 30%-70%. The waste cotton contains a significant amount of entanglement between effective cotton fibers and non-cotton fibers, as well as a large amount of residual impurities. The treatment of this waste cotton has become a new technical challenge: if the waste cotton is discarded directly as waste, it will result in a waste of raw materials; if it is reused in the production process without treatment, it will cause secondary pollution problems that reduce yarn quality and affect the quality of the final product; if manual or mechanical equipment is used for secondary sorting, manual sorting is costly, and sorting / removal machinery is difficult to directly process the entangled fibers, resulting in low sorting and screening efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, this application proposes a small opening device to solve the problems existing in the prior art, so that cotton mills can perform secondary screening and recovery of effective cotton fibers in the waste cotton. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, this application provides a small opening device to further open up the waste cotton, so that the effective cotton fibers in the waste cotton can be easily screened and reused.

[0006] The small opening device provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A small opening device includes a body, on which a cotton conveying channel, a cotton feeding mechanism, an opening mechanism, and a dust removal and ventilation mechanism are provided. The cotton conveying channel has a rectangular cross-section and includes a cotton feeding section and a cotton output section arranged sequentially and interconnected along the material conveying direction. The cotton feeding section is located above the cotton output section, and the cotton feeding section and the cotton output section are arranged at an acute angle. The connection between the cotton feeding section and the cotton output section is set as the opening working area. The cotton feeding mechanism includes a cotton feeding roller and a first driving component for driving the cotton feeding roller to rotate. The opening mechanism includes an opening beater and a second driving component for driving the opening beater to rotate. The cotton feeding roller and the opening beater are sequentially rotatably installed in the opening working area.

[0007] Furthermore, both the feed roller and the opening beater are cylindrical rollers. The feed roller is located above the opening beater and the two are parallel to each other. Multiple rows of combing needles are arranged around their respective axes on the outer peripheral walls of the feed roller and the opening beater. The feed roller and the opening beater rotate in opposite directions.

[0008] Furthermore, the number of rows of comb needles on the outer peripheral wall of the cotton feed roller is greater than the number of rows of comb needles on the outer peripheral wall of the opening beater.

[0009] Furthermore, the number of needles in each row of combing needles on the outer peripheral wall of the cotton feed roller is consistent with the number of needles in each row of combing needles on the outer peripheral wall of the opening beater.

[0010] Furthermore, the cotton inlet section is fixedly installed on the machine body, with the upper end of the cotton inlet section located outside the machine body and the lower end located inside the machine body. The cotton inlet section is provided with a buffer chamber for storing materials to be opened, and a transparent observation window is provided on the cotton conveying channel at the buffer chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, the air venting and dust removal mechanism includes an air venting channel and a perforated plate fixedly installed above the machine body. The air venting channel is located on one side of the cotton inlet section and is parallel to the cotton inlet section. The lower end of the air venting channel is closed, and the upper end has an exhaust port. An air venting chamber is provided inside the air venting channel. The perforated plate is located between the air venting channel and the cotton inlet section. The air venting chamber and the buffer chamber are connected through the perforations on the perforated plate.

[0012] Furthermore, a dust collection bag is detachably connected to the exhaust vent.

[0013] Furthermore, an inspection door is provided on the ventilation duct.

[0014] Furthermore, an air supply port is provided on the cotton conveying channel at the rear end of the opening beater.

[0015] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. Through the acute angle arrangement of the cotton inlet and outlet sections and the reverse needle design of the cotton inlet roller and the opening beater, the tangled fiber bundles in the cotton can be efficiently loosened, achieving the initial separation of effective fibers and impurities, reducing the difficulty of cotton recycling, and making cotton easy to recycle, so as to avoid the waste of raw materials by directly discarding cotton and the secondary pollution caused by simple reuse. 2. The buffer chamber in the cotton feeding section can temporarily store the material to be opened, avoiding material interruption or accumulation and blockage, and ensuring stable and continuous operation of the equipment; 3. The design of the venting and dust removal mechanism enables a low-resistance, controlled exhaust path to be formed between the venting chamber and the buffer chamber, separating excess airflow and dust generated during the opening process from the main material flow, thus simultaneously achieving pressure relief and dust removal effects. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 Based on Figure 1 Rear view of an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along line AA; Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of an embodiment of this application, made to illustrate the specific distribution of various components in the cotton conveying channel.

[0018] Attached reference numerals: 1. Machine body; 2. Cotton conveying channel; 21. Cotton inlet section; 211. Buffer chamber; 212. Observation window; 22. Cotton outlet section; 23. Opening working area; 24. Feed inlet; 25. Discharge outlet; 26. Air supply port; 3. Cotton inlet roller; 4. Opening beater; 5. Air venting channel; 51. Exhaust port; 52. Air venting chamber; 6. Mesh plate; 7. Inspection door. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 This application will be described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention.

[0020] This application discloses a small opening device to solve the problem of recycling cotton waste generated by foreign fiber machines in cotton spinning production due to fiber entanglement and impurity residue.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 The small opening device includes a body 1, which is the main casing of the small opening device. It is used to install and support the components and other mechanical housings of the small opening device. In other embodiments, it may also be named a casing, frame, housing, main casing, or outer shell of body 1. The body 1 is provided with a cotton conveying channel 2 for feeding the material to be processed (i.e., "impure cotton" or "fallen cotton", hereinafter referred to as impure cotton) into the opening device, a cotton feeding mechanism and an opening mechanism for opening the impure cotton, and a ventilation and dust removal mechanism for cleaning dust, short fibers and other fine impurities in the impure cotton. The impure cotton enters the opening device through the inlet of the cotton conveying channel 2. After being processed by the cotton feeding mechanism and the opening mechanism, loose, phase-separated cotton fibers and non-cotton fibers are obtained and output through the outlet of the cotton conveying channel 2.

[0022] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The cotton conveying channel 2 is the core path for conveying and processing cotton containing impurities within the opening device. Its opening cross-section is rectangular. The cotton conveying channel 2 includes an inlet section 21 and an outlet section 22 that are sequentially arranged and interconnected along the material conveying direction. Both the inlet section 21 and the outlet section 22 are fixedly installed on the machine body 1, with the inlet section 21 located above the outlet section 22. The inlet section 21 and the outlet section 22 are arranged at an acute angle (preferably 20°-80°). This inclined arrangement can effectively utilize the overall space of the machine body 1 and achieve optimized spatial layout. The connection between the inlet section 21 and the outlet section 22 forms the opening working area 23. This area is the key area for opening cotton containing impurities, providing space for the installation and coordinated operation of the inlet mechanism and the opening mechanism.

[0023] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 and combined Figure 1 The upper end of the cotton inlet section 21 extends outside the machine body 1, forming a cotton-containing feed inlet 24, which facilitates connection with the cotton output end of the upstream foreign fiber machine; the lower end of the cotton inlet section 21 is located inside the machine body 1 and is connected to the cotton outlet section 22. The cotton inlet section 21 has a buffer chamber 211 inside for temporarily storing the material to be opened. The volume of the buffer chamber 211 is designed according to the processing capacity of the equipment to avoid material interruption or accumulation and congestion when cotton containing foreign fibers is fed in.

[0024] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 3 A transparent observation window 212 is also provided on the cotton conveying channel 2 at the position corresponding to the buffer chamber 211. The observation window 212 is made of high-strength acrylic sheet. The operator can monitor the amount of impurity cotton in the buffer chamber 211 in real time through the observation window 212, so as to adjust the feeding speed in time.

[0025] The cotton outlet section 22 is arranged at an angle. The feed end of the cotton outlet section 22 is connected to the opening working area 23, and its discharge end opening is the discharge port 25 of the opening device. The feed end of the cotton outlet section 22 is located below its discharge end, and the discharge port 25 can be connected to downstream screening equipment (such as cleaning machine, cotton cleaning machine, etc.).

[0026] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The cotton feeding mechanism includes a feeding roller 3 and a first drive component. The feeding mechanism is used to uniformly and stably convey the cotton waste in the buffer chamber 211 to the opening working area 23. The feeding roller 3 is a cylindrical roller, rotatably mounted on the side of the opening working area 23 near the feeding section 21 via bearings, and the axial direction of the feeding roller 3 is consistent with the width direction of the cotton conveying channel 2. The first drive component is a geared motor, connected to one end of the feeding roller 3 via a belt drive assembly, driving the feeding roller 3 to rotate at a set speed.

[0027] Multiple rows of tapered comb needles are evenly arranged around the axis of the outer peripheral wall of the infeed roller 3. The comb needles are made of wear-resistant alloy steel, and the maximum diameter of the comb needles is preferably 1mm-2mm. The comb needles are arranged at an angle to the outer peripheral wall surface of the infeed roller 3, preferably 60°-80°. The comb needles on the outer peripheral wall of the infeed roller 3 can perform preliminary combing of impurity cotton during the conveying process, breaking up the surface entangled fibers, and preparing for subsequent opening treatment.

[0028] In this embodiment, the number of comb needle rows on the outer peripheral wall of the cotton feed roller 3 is preferably 40-45 rows, and the number of needles in each row is preferably 30-40. The dense distribution of comb needles can ensure that the force is uniform when conveying cotton containing impurities, and avoid local accumulation.

[0029] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The opening mechanism is the core component for loosening impurity cotton fibers. It includes an opening beater 4 and a second drive unit. The opening beater 4 is also roller-shaped, parallel to and below the infeed roller 3. It is rotatably mounted on the opening working area 23 near the outlet section 22 via bearings. The second drive unit uses a variable frequency motor and is connected to the opening beater 4 via another belt drive assembly. By controlling the second drive unit, the rotational speed of the opening beater 4 can be adjusted to meet the processing requirements of impurity cotton with different degrees of entanglement.

[0030] The outer wall of the opening beater 4 also has multiple rows of comb needles arranged around its own axis. These comb needles are also made of wear-resistant alloy steel, and their maximum diameter is preferably 4mm-8mm. The axial direction of each comb needle is consistent with the radial direction of the feed roller 3. The number of comb needle rows on the outer wall of the opening beater 4 is less than the number of comb needle rows on the outer wall of the feed roller 3. The number of comb needle rows on the outer wall of the opening beater 4 is preferably 10-20 rows, and the number of needles in each row is consistent with the number of needles in each row of the feed roller 3. This design of different number of rows allows the opening beater 4 to maintain a certain combing strength while reducing excessive damage to the effective fibers.

[0031] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The cotton feed roller 3 and the opening beater 4 rotate in opposite directions (when the cotton feed roller 3 rotates clockwise, the opening beater 4 rotates counterclockwise), creating relative motion shearing and tearing forces between them, which can efficiently loosen the entangled fiber bundles in the impurity cotton and achieve the initial separation of effective cotton fibers from non-cotton fiber impurities.

[0032] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The ventilation and dust removal mechanism includes a ventilation channel 5 and a mesh plate 6 that are fixedly installed on the top of the body 1.

[0033] Specifically, in combination Figure 2 The air vent 5 is located on one side of the cotton inlet section 21 and is arranged parallel to the cotton inlet section 21. Its lower end is closed and its upper end has an exhaust port 51, forming an air vent cavity 52 that communicates with the outside. A perforated plate 6 is positioned between the air vent 5 and the cotton inlet section 21, and the air vent cavity 52 and the buffer cavity 211 are connected through the perforations on the perforated plate 6. A dust collection bag (made of breathable non-woven fabric) can be detachably connected to the exhaust port 51 through a buckle structure, rope knot, or cable tie binding structure.

[0034] As the impure cotton enters the cotton feeding section 21 through the feed inlet 24, the airflow generated by the movement of the impure cotton in the buffer chamber 211, as well as the airflow generated by the rotation of the cotton feeding roller 3 and the opening beater 4, creates a pressure difference between the vent chamber 52 and the buffer chamber 211 (the vent chamber 52 is a negative pressure zone). Based on the pressure difference between the vent chamber 52 and the buffer chamber 211, a low-resistance, controlled exhaust path is provided to separate the excess airflow and dust generated during the opening process from the main material flow, thereby simultaneously achieving pressure relief and dust removal effects.

[0035] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 An inspection door 7 is provided on the air venting channel 5. The inspection door 7 is connected to the air venting channel 5 by a hinge and is equipped with a door lock so as to inspect and maintain the interior of the air venting chamber 52 and the mesh plate 6.

[0036] Furthermore, since the opened fibers are easily trapped in the opening work area 23 due to their light weight and susceptibility to dispersion, causing channel blockage or reduced conveying efficiency, an air supply port 26 is provided on the cotton conveying channel 2 at the rear end of the opening beater 4. A fan is connected to the outlet end of the cotton exit section 22. The air supply port 26 is usually located on the side wall of the cotton conveying channel 2 at the junction of the opening beater 4 and the cotton exit section 22. The air supply port 26 is connected to the outside atmosphere, and its opening size is designed according to the processing capacity of the opening device. When the cotton inlet roller 3 and the opening beater 4 rotate at high speed, the opened fibers are thrown towards the cotton exit section 22 under the inertia of the opening beater 4. The fan at the outlet end of the cotton exit section 22 provides negative pressure suction during this process, and the air supply port 26 replenishes air into the channel at the rear end of the opening beater 4, forming an airflow gradient from the opening work area 23 to the cotton exit section 22, thereby driving the opened fibers to move quickly towards the cotton exit section 22, ensuring continuous and efficient conveying of the opened fibers.

[0037] The implementation principle of a small opening device according to an embodiment of this application is as follows: The material to be processed (i.e., containing impurities or shed cotton) enters the opening device through the cotton inlet. After entering the buffer chamber 211, under the action of the mesh plate 6 on one side, the air and cotton are separated. The separated cotton falls freely and is evenly entered into the processing space of the opening beater 4 under the drive of the cotton inlet roller 3. Under the high-speed rotation of the opening beater 4, the cotton inlet roller 3 and the opening beater 4, which rotate in opposite directions, apply shearing and tearing forces to the material to be processed, loosening the tangled fiber bundles and separating the effective fibers from the impurities. The material to be processed is discharged from the discharge port 25 of the cotton outlet section 22 after one or more opening processes. The dust and short fibers generated during the opening process enter the venting chamber 52 through the mesh plate 6 with the airflow and are finally intercepted and collected by the dust collection bag. The loosened fibers are transported to the downstream screening equipment for secondary recycling through the cotton outlet section 22 under the assistance of gravity and airflow. The device has a compact overall structure and is easy to operate. It achieves stable conveying and efficient opening of waste cotton, effectively solving the problem of fiber entanglement in waste cotton. It can effectively improve the recycling rate of waste cotton in cotton mills and reduce raw material waste and the risk of secondary pollution.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," "third," and similar terms used in this application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. The terms "an" or "a" and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms "comprising" or "including" and similar terms mean that the elements or objects preceding "comprising" or "including" encompass the elements or objects listed following "comprising" or "including" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. "Above," "below," "left," "right," etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0039] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A small opening device, characterized in that: The machine includes a body (1), on which a cotton conveying channel (2), a cotton feeding mechanism, an opening mechanism, and a dust removal mechanism are provided. The opening cross-section of the cotton conveying channel (2) is rectangular. The cotton conveying channel (2) includes a cotton feeding section (21) and a cotton output section (22) arranged sequentially and interconnected along the material conveying direction. The cotton feeding section (21) is located above the cotton output section (22), and the cotton feeding section (21) and the cotton output section (22) are arranged at an acute angle. The connection between the cotton feeding section (21) and the cotton output section (22) is set as an opening working area (23). The cotton feeding mechanism includes a cotton feeding roller (3) and a first driving component for driving the cotton feeding roller (3) to operate. The opening mechanism includes an opening beater (4) and a second driving component for driving the opening beater (4) to operate. The cotton feeding roller (3) and the opening beater (4) are sequentially rotated and installed in the opening working area (23). The air venting and dust removal mechanism includes an air venting channel (5) and a mesh plate (6) fixedly installed on the upper part of the machine body (1). The air venting channel (5) is located on one side of the cotton inlet section (21) and is parallel to the cotton inlet section (21). The lower end of the air venting channel (5) is closed and the upper end is provided with an exhaust port (51). An air venting chamber (52) is provided inside the air venting channel (5). The mesh plate (6) is located between the air venting channel (5) and the cotton inlet section (21). The air venting chamber (52) and the buffer chamber (211) are connected through the mesh on the mesh plate (6).

2. The small opening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cotton feeding roller (3) and the opening beater (4) are both cylindrical rollers. The cotton feeding roller (3) is located above the opening beater (4) and the two are parallel to each other. Multiple rows of combing needles are arranged around their respective axes on the outer peripheral wall of the cotton feeding roller (3) and the outer peripheral wall of the opening beater (4). The cotton feeding roller (3) and the opening beater (4) rotate in opposite directions.

3. A small opening device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of comb needles on the outer wall of the cotton feed roller (3) is greater than the number of comb needles on the outer wall of the opening beater (4).

4. A small opening device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of needles in each row of comb needles on the outer peripheral wall of the cotton feed roller (3) is the same as the number of needles in each row of comb needles on the outer peripheral wall of the opening beater (4).

5. A small opening device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cotton inlet section (21) is fixedly installed on the machine body (1), with the upper end of the cotton inlet section (21) located outside the machine body (1) and the lower end located inside the machine body (1). The cotton inlet section (21) is provided with a buffer chamber (211) for storing materials to be opened. A transparent observation window (212) is provided on the cotton conveying channel (2) at the buffer chamber (211).

6. A small opening device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A dust collection bag is detachably connected to the exhaust port (51).

7. A small opening device according to claim 5, characterized in that: An inspection door (7) is provided on the air vent (5).

8. A small opening device according to claim 2, characterized in that: An air inlet (26) is provided on the cotton conveying channel (2) at the rear end of the opening beater (4).

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