Tunnel support anchor rod with pressure relief function

Abstract

The utility model provides a tunnel support anchor rod with let pressure function for solving the problem of complex manufacturing process and high cost in prior art, include: solid rod section, let pressure rod section, connecting piece, component of force, limiting piece and locking piece, let pressure group hole is equipped with on let pressure rod section upper axial and circumference interval, connecting piece connects solid rod section with let pressure rod section, component of force is sleeved in let pressure rod section proximal end, limiting piece is located let pressure rod section for to component of force limit, locking piece is close to tunnel rock mass surface with component of force. The anchor rod has simple structure, simple process and low cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular relates to a tunnel support anchor with pressure relief function. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel and underground engineering support, rock bolts are the core support components. Currently, the widely used traditional mortar or resin rock bolts are mostly rigid supports, with their bolt bodies typically being entirely solid. When applied to soft rock, fault fracture zones, or high-stress tunnels, the surrounding rock undergoes significant rheological or deformation. In such cases, rigid rock bolts cannot adapt to this large deformation; the tensile force they bear will rapidly exceed the yield strength of the bolt body, causing it to break and leading to the failure of the entire support system. To address this problem, some "constant resistance, pressure relief" rock bolts have emerged in existing technologies. However, these often employ complex hydraulic, friction, or shear structures, resulting in complex manufacturing processes, high costs, and difficulty in guaranteeing reliability, hindering their large-scale application. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a tunnel support anchor with pressure relief function to solve the problems of complex manufacturing process and high cost in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above and other related objectives, this utility model provides a tunnel support anchor bolt with pressure relief function, comprising: Solid rod segment; The pressure relief rod section is provided with pressure relief holes spaced apart in the axial and circumferential directions. A connector that connects the solid rod segment and the relief rod segment; Force component, which is fitted onto the proximal end of the pressure relief rod section; A limiting member is provided on the pressure relief rod section to limit the force component; A locking element that presses the force-shaping element tightly against the surface of the tunnel rock mass.

[0005] Optionally, the pressure relief group of holes includes: strip-shaped holes, the length direction of which is arranged along the axial direction of the pressure relief rod segment; Two circular holes are located at both ends of the strip-shaped hole along its axial direction.

[0006] Optionally, the pressure relief holes are arranged in at least three rows at intervals along the axial direction of the pressure relief rod segment; At least three sets of pressure relief holes are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the pressure relief rod segment.

[0007] Optionally, the connector includes a connecting sleeve, the proximal end of the solid rod segment has a first external thread, the distal end of the relief rod segment has a second external thread, and both ends of the connecting sleeve are respectively provided with internal threads that engage with the first external thread on the solid rod segment and the second external thread on the relief rod segment.

[0008] Optionally, the limiting member is a limiting ring or limiting block fixedly connected to the pressure relief rod section.

[0009] Optionally, the locking element includes a nut, and the proximal end of the pressure-relief rod section has an external thread section that engages with the nut.

[0010] Optionally, the pressure bar segment is hollow.

[0011] Optionally, the outer diameter of the compression bar segment is larger than the diameter of the solid bar segment.

[0012] Optionally, the force-sharing component includes a force-sharing retaining ring or a force-sharing retaining block.

[0013] Optionally, the solid rod segment is provided with a pointed anchor head at its distal end, and the pointed anchor head is a conical structure.

[0014] As described above, the tunnel support anchor bolt with pressure relief function of this utility model has at least the following beneficial effects: The solid rod segment and the yielding rod segment are connected by connectors to form a complete anchor rod body. This design is simple in structure, easy to process, low in cost, and easy to assemble on site. The connected anchor rod body is inserted into the drilled hole, with the front end of the solid rod segment installed in the hole. Anchoring agent is placed in the hole to ensure the anchoring strength between the solid rod segment and the rock mass. The force-shaping component is then fitted onto the limiting component, ensuring that the force-shaping component is tightly attached to the tunnel rock surface, completing the initial installation of the anchor rod body. When the rock mass deforms, the yielding rod segment absorbs deformation energy through structural yielding or local plastic deformation at the yielding group holes, thus achieving the yielding function. This dissipates the energy of surrounding rock deformation, preventing the anchor rod from being damaged by sudden excessive pressure, and improving reliability and stability. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of this utility model; Figure 2 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of this utility model.

[0016] Component designation explanation Solid rod segment 1, pressure relief rod segment 2, pressure relief group hole 21, strip hole 211, circular hole 212, connector 3, connecting sleeve 31, first external thread 32, second external thread 33, force distribution component 4, limiting component 5, locking component 6, pointed anchor head 7. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0018] Please see Figures 1 to 2 It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of this invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this invention. Furthermore, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "one" used in this specification are merely for clarity and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of this invention.

[0019] In this utility model, "proximal end" and "remote end" refer to the end closer to the operator and the end farther away from the operator, respectively.

[0020] The following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only. These embodiments can be combined and are not limited to the content shown in any single embodiment below.

[0021] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this utility model provides a tunnel support anchor bolt with pressure relief function, comprising: Solid rod segment 1; The pressure relief rod section 2 is provided with pressure relief holes 21 spaced apart in the axial and circumferential directions. Connector 3 connects the solid rod segment 1 and the relief rod segment 2; Force component 4, which is fitted onto the near end of the pressure relief rod section 2; Limiting member 5, which is provided on the pressure relief rod section 2 to limit the force component 4; Locking component 6, which tightly attaches the force-shaping component 4 to the surface of the tunnel rock mass.

[0022] During use, an anchor drilling rig is used to drill holes at the designed locations in the tunnel rock mass. The hole diameter should be slightly larger than the anchor diameter, and the drilling depth must meet the design requirements to ensure the effective anchoring length of the anchor. The solid rod segment 1 and the yielding rod segment 2 are connected via connector 3 to form a complete anchor rod body. This design is simple in structure, easy to process, low in cost, and easy to assemble on-site. The connected anchor rod body is inserted into the drilled hole, with the front end of the solid rod segment 1 installed in the hole. Anchoring agent is placed inside the hole to ensure the anchoring strength between the solid rod segment 1 and the rock mass. The force-shaping component 4 is fitted onto the limiting component 5, ensuring that the force-shaping component 4 is tightly attached to the surface of the tunnel rock mass, completing the initial installation of the anchor rod body. When the rock mass deforms, the yielding rod segment 2 absorbs deformation energy through structural yielding or local plastic deformation at the yielding group holes 21, thus achieving the yielding function. This dissipates the energy of surrounding rock deformation, preventing the anchor rod from being damaged by sudden excessive pressure, and improving reliability and stability.

[0023] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 or Figure 2 The pressure relief group hole 21 includes: a strip hole 211, the length direction of which is arranged along the axial direction of the pressure relief rod segment 2; Two circular holes 212 are located at both ends of the strip hole 211 along its axial direction.

[0024] When the surrounding rock of the tunnel deforms, the resulting deformation pressure is transmitted through the rock mass to the force-sharing component 4. The force-sharing component 4 then transmits the force to the pressure-relief rod section 2. After being subjected to pressure, the pressure-relief rod section 2 undergoes plastic deformation in the areas of the strip hole 211 and the circular hole 212 on its pipe wall, resulting in plastic elongation of the pressure-relief rod section 2. The strip hole 211 becomes longer, and the circular hole 212 is stretched into an ellipse. This pressure-relief has strong directional characteristics, a simple hole structure, is easy to mass-produce, and has high structural reliability, thereby achieving the pressure-relief function, consuming the energy of the surrounding rock deformation, and preventing the anchor rod from being damaged due to sudden excessive pressure.

[0025] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 or Figure 2 The pressure relief holes 21 are arranged in at least three rows along the axial direction of the pressure relief rod segment 2; The pressure relief holes 21 are arranged in at least three groups at intervals along the circumference of the pressure relief rod segment 2.

[0026] The rock mass pressure is transmitted to the entire circumference of the pressure-relief rod section 2 via the force-sharing component 4. Three sets of circumferential holes cover the circumference of the rod, ensuring uniform radial pressure distribution and avoiding localized stress concentration. The three rows of axial holes form a continuous pressure-relief zone. When the rock mass deforms axially, the multiple rows of holes undergo axial yielding deformation sequentially or collaboratively, superimposing to form a larger total pressure-relief stroke. The strip-shaped holes 211 in each group of holes guide axial deformation, while the circular holes 212 relieve orifice stress. The multi-row, multi-set layout makes the rod deformation smoother, and the force transmission is smoothly transferred to the solid rod section 1 through the connector 3.

[0027] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The connecting member 3 includes a connecting sleeve 31. The near end of the solid rod segment 1 has a first external thread 32, and the far end of the pressure relief rod segment 2 has a second external thread 33. The two ends of the connecting sleeve 31 are respectively provided with internal threads that are threadedly engaged with the first external thread 32 on the solid rod segment 1 and the second external thread 33 on the pressure relief rod segment 2.

[0028] The internal threads at both ends of the connecting sleeve 31 are respectively screwed into the first external thread 32 of the solid rod section 1 and the second external thread 33 of the pressure rod section 2. The preload generated by the thread engagement fixes the two rod sections, forming a complete force transmission path. The detachable nature of the threaded engagement allows the relative positions of the two rod sections to be adjusted on-site according to installation requirements, or the damaged section can be replaced individually, making disassembly and assembly convenient and maintenance easy.

[0029] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 or Figure 2 The limiting component 5 is a limiting ring or limiting block fixedly connected to the pressure relief rod section 2. The limiting ring or limiting block and the pressure relief rod section 2 can be integrally formed, which eliminates the need for complex processes, reduces costs, and facilitates mass production.

[0030] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 or Figure 2 The locking component 6 includes a nut, and the proximal end of the pressure-relief rod section 2 has an external thread section that engages with the nut. By controlling the tightening degree of the nut, the contact pressure between the force-relief component 4 and the rock mass can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to the compaction requirements of different rock masses. The processing technology of the external thread section and the nut is mature, low in cost, and easy to control in terms of precision. The pressure-relief rod section 2 of different diameters can be adapted by adjusting the thread specifications.

[0031] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The pressure-relief segment 2 is hollow. The hollow structure reduces the axial stiffness of the pressure-relief segment 2, and combined with the group hole design of the axial strip hole 211 and the circular holes 212 at both ends, it more easily generates controllable axial yield deformation, efficiently absorbing the deformation energy of the rock mass. The hollow structure significantly reduces the weight compared to a solid segment 1 of the same diameter, facilitating on-site handling and installation, and reducing construction labor intensity.

[0032] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The outer diameter of the compression rod segment 2 is larger than the diameter of the solid rod segment 1, thereby enhancing its bending resistance.

[0033] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 or Figure 2 The force-distributing component 4 includes a force-distributing retaining ring or a force-distributing retaining block. The force-distributing component 4 is annular or block-shaped with a large contact area, resulting in good stress dispersion.

[0034] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 or Figure 2 The solid rod segment 1 has a pointed anchor head 7 at its distal end, and the pointed anchor head 7 has a conical structure. The pointed structure of the conical anchor head reduces installation resistance, allowing the solid rod segment 1 to quickly drill into the pre-drilled hole in the tunnel rock mass without the need for complex auxiliary equipment.

[0035] Working principle: During use, an anchor drilling rig is used to drill holes at the designed locations in the tunnel rock mass. The hole diameter should be slightly larger than the anchor diameter, and the drilling depth must meet the design requirements to ensure the effective anchoring length of the anchor. The solid rod section 1 and the pressure rod section 2 are connected by screwing the internal threads at both ends of the connecting sleeve 31 with the first external thread 32 of the solid rod section 1 and the second external thread 33 of the pressure rod section 2, forming a complete anchor rod body. This makes the structure simple, the processing simple, the cost low, and the assembly easy on site. The connected anchor rod body is inserted into the drilled hole, and the front end of the solid rod section 1 is installed into the hole. Anchoring agent is placed in the hole to ensure the anchoring strength between the solid rod section 1 and the rock mass. The force-shaping component 4 is fitted onto the limiting component 5 so that the force-shaping component 4 is tightly attached to the surface of the tunnel rock mass, completing the initial installation of the anchor rod body. When the rock mass deforms, the pressure bar section 2 absorbs deformation energy through structural yielding or local plastic deformation at the pressure bar group hole 21, thereby achieving the pressure-relieving function, consuming the energy of surrounding rock deformation, preventing the anchor rod from being damaged by suddenly bearing excessive pressure, and improving reliability and stability.

[0036] In summary, this utility model connects the solid rod segment 1 and the pressure-relief rod segment 2 through the connector 3 to form a complete anchor rod body. This results in a simple structure, easy processing, low cost, and convenient on-site assembly. The connected anchor rod body is inserted into the drilled hole, with the front end of the solid rod segment 1 installed in the hole. Anchoring agent is placed in the hole to ensure the anchoring strength between the solid rod segment 1 and the rock mass. The force-shaping component 4 is fitted onto the limiting component 5, ensuring that the force-shaping component 4 is tightly attached to the surface of the tunnel rock mass, completing the initial installation of the anchor rod body. When the rock mass deforms, the pressure-relief rod segment 2 absorbs deformation energy through structural yielding or local plastic deformation at the pressure-relief group hole 21, thus achieving the pressure-relief function, consuming the energy of surrounding rock deformation, preventing the anchor rod from being damaged by sudden excessive pressure, and improving reliability and stability. Therefore, this utility model effectively overcomes the various shortcomings of the prior art and has high industrial application value.

[0037] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this utility model should still be covered by the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A tunnel support anchor rod with a pressure relief function, characterized by, include: Solid rod segment; The pressure relief rod section is provided with pressure relief holes spaced apart in the axial and circumferential directions. A connector that connects the solid rod segment and the relief rod segment; Force component, which is fitted onto the proximal end of the pressure relief rod section; A limiting member is provided on the pressure relief rod section to limit the force component; A locking element that presses the force-shaping element tightly against the surface of the tunnel rock mass.

2. A yieldable tunnel support roof-bolt according to claim 1, characterised in that: The pressure relief group includes: strip-shaped holes, the length direction of which is arranged along the axial direction of the pressure relief rod segment; Two circular holes are located at both ends of the strip-shaped hole along its axial direction.

3. The yieldable tunnel support roof bolt according to claim 1, characterised in that: The pressure relief holes are arranged in at least three rows at intervals along the axial direction of the pressure relief rod segment; At least three sets of pressure relief holes are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the pressure relief rod segment.

4. The yieldable tunnel support roof bolt according to claim 1, characterised in that: The connector includes a connecting sleeve, the near end of the solid rod segment has a first external thread, the far end of the pressure relief rod segment has a second external thread, and both ends of the connecting sleeve are respectively provided with internal threads that engage with the first external thread on the solid rod segment and the second external thread on the pressure relief rod segment.

5. The yieldable tunnel support roof bolt according to claim 1, characterised in that: The limiting component is a limiting ring or limiting block that is fixedly connected to the pressure relief rod section.

6. The yieldable tunnel support roof bolt according to claim 1, characterised in that: The locking element includes a nut, and the proximal end of the pressure rod section has an external thread section that engages with the nut.

7. The tunnel support anchor bolt with pressure relief function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief rod section is hollow.

8. A yieldable tunnel support roof-bolt according to claim 7, characterised in that: The outer diameter of the pressure bar segment is larger than the diameter of the solid bar segment.

9. The yieldable tunneling support roof bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The force-sharing component includes a force-sharing retaining ring or a force-sharing retaining block.

10. The tunnel support anchor with pressure relief function according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The solid rod segment is provided with a pointed anchor head at its distal end, and the pointed anchor head has a conical structure.

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