A device for sampling and detecting atmospheric pollution precipitation in environmental engineering

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of environmental engineering and discloses a sampling and detection device for atmospheric pollution precipitation in environmental engineering. This application reduces the evaporation rate of water samples compared to traditional devices through a triple anti-evaporation structure. The gravity flap and silicone sealing ring work together to prevent the mixing of pollutants from dry deposition, improving water sample purity and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of indicators such as hydrogen-oxygen isotope ratios and pollutant concentrations, providing precise data support for atmospheric wet deposition research. The purely mechanical pendulum-slide diversion system eliminates the need for motors and complex circuits, reducing power consumption. The adjustable time period design (15 / 30 / 60 minutes) meets different research needs, allowing for the acquisition of samples from four time periods in a single precipitation event. Compared to traditional mixed sampling, this more accurately reveals the evolution of precipitation pollution concentration over time, providing richer data dimensions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of environmental engineering, and in particular to a device for sampling and detecting atmospheric pollution precipitation in environmental engineering. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of air pollution monitoring in environmental engineering, precipitation sampling and detection are the core methods for analyzing the wet deposition characteristics of air pollutants. Currently, the industry mainly relies on two types of equipment: traditional passive samplers and fully automated analysis stations, but both have significant technical limitations.

[0003] Traditional passive samplers (such as the isotope sampler developed by Chang'an University) have simple structures and low costs, but they have two major problems: First, evaporation loss is serious. The open-type water collection funnel causes the water sample evaporation rate to reach 0.5% / 24h, affecting the accuracy of key indicators such as the hydrogen-oxygen isotope ratio. Second, they have limited functions and can only obtain mixed samples from a single precipitation event. They cannot achieve multi-time period separation sampling and lack dustproof design. Dry sedimentation pollutants can easily mix into the water sample, leading to distorted test results.

[0004] While fully automated analysis stations (such as the integrated equipment at the Xianning Monitoring Center) can achieve automatic sampling and detection, they have shortcomings such as poor environmental adaptability and high cost. On the one hand, the failure rate of electronic components is high in low-temperature environments (below -10℃), the measurement error of tipping bucket rain gauges is large, and the lifespan of electronic valves is short, making it difficult to meet the long-term monitoring needs of cold northern regions. On the other hand, the equipment has a complex structure, high cost per unit, and cannot be deployed on a large scale in a grid-like manner. Moreover, the detection relies on laboratory analysis, the data is lagging, and it cannot reflect the dynamic changes of precipitation pollution in real time.

[0005] Existing improved technologies also have limitations: for example, the patent with announcement number CN116381150B, although achieving multi-time period sampling, relies on motor drive, is prone to failure at low temperatures, and is subject to patent restrictions; the patent with announcement number CN119124761B does not solve the problems of evaporation loss and in-situ detection. In summary, existing equipment cannot simultaneously meet the synergistic requirements of "zero evaporation, multi-time period, low temperature adaptability, and in-situ detection," thus restricting the accuracy and breadth of research on atmospheric pollution wet deposition. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the problems mentioned in the background art, this application provides a sampling and detection device for atmospheric pollution precipitation in environmental engineering.

[0007] The technical solution of the air pollution precipitation sampling and detection device for environmental engineering provided in this application is as follows:

[0008] A sampling and detection device for atmospheric pollution precipitation in environmental engineering includes an intelligent water collection component, a mechanical time-segmented sampling component, an anti-evaporation storage component, an in-situ detection component, and a low-temperature adaptation component;

[0009] The intelligent water collection component includes a 120° conical water collection hopper, a double-lobed temperature-sensitive baffle, and a temperature sensor. The 120° conical water collection hopper is made of stainless steel and has a 0.2mm thick Teflon coating on its inner surface. The double-lobed temperature-sensitive baffle has a diameter of 80mm. One side of the baffle has a built-in room temperature trigger structure that opens when impacted by a 0.2N raindrop. The other side of the baffle has a built-in heating wire that activates when the temperature is ≤5℃. The temperature sensor is fixed to the outside of the 120° conical water collection hopper and is used to monitor the ambient temperature.

[0010] The mechanical time-segmented sampling component includes a pendulum timing mechanism and a four-channel diversion slide assembly. The pendulum timing mechanism includes an eccentric counterweight and has an adjustable scale of 15 / 30 / 60 minutes. The four-channel diversion slide assembly is made of polytetrafluoroethylene and is marked with four-channel diversion slide position I, four-channel diversion slide position II, four-channel diversion slide position III, and four-channel diversion slide position IV, corresponding to the initial, middle, late, and final stages, respectively. The pendulum timing mechanism is connected to the four-channel diversion slide assembly and drives the slide to switch positions along a linear trajectory.

[0011] The anti-evaporation storage component includes four independent borosilicate glass jars and a triple anti-evaporation structure. The borosilicate glass jars are amber in color and marked with a 500mL liquid level line. The top of each borosilicate glass jar is equipped with a gravity flap, which is made of polycarbonate and silicone sealing rings. The triple anti-evaporation structure includes a mineral oil sealing layer, a hydrophobic filter membrane, and a vacuum insulation layer. The mineral oil is precisely added through a metering injection device.

[0012] The in-situ detection component includes a lifting probe mechanism, a multi-parameter sensor, and a data storage module. The lifting probe mechanism includes a buoyancy trigger and a ratchet lifting structure. When in standby mode, the probe is ≥2cm from the liquid surface, and when in operation, it is immersed in the liquid surface ≥3cm. The multi-parameter sensor integrates pH, conductivity, and turbidity detection functions. The data storage module is electrically connected to the multi-parameter sensor and has a built-in RFID tag for data storage.

[0013] The low-temperature adapter component includes a pulse width modulation heating module, an antifreeze injection device, and a probe heating cavity. The pulse width modulation heating module is electrically connected to the heating wire. The antifreeze injection device is connected to the drainage pipe of the diversion chute. A single injection of propylene glycol is ≤0.5mL. The probe heating cavity is fixed to the outside of the storage component. After detection, the probe retracts into the cavity and maintains a temperature ≥5℃.

[0014] Preferably, the pendulum timing mechanism further includes a reed switch reset system, which automatically drives the diversion slide to reset to the initial position I after 120 minutes of no precipitation.

[0015] Preferably, a modular enrichment filter membrane clip is provided below the conical water collection hopper. The modular enrichment filter membrane clip adopts a snap-on design, has a pre-packaged sterile filter membrane inside, and is equipped with a positioning pin to prevent misinstallation.

[0016] Preferably, the in-situ detection component also includes a self-cleaning mechanism, which uses the residual pressure inside the borosilicate glass jar to backwash the surface of the lifting probe mechanism after the detection is completed, removing residual water sample.

[0017] Preferably, the device further includes a piezoelectric power generation unit and a LORA transmission module. The piezoelectric power generation unit is an array structure, fixed below a 120° conical water collection bucket, which converts raindrop impact energy into electrical energy. The LORA transmission module includes a spiral antenna and a detection and transmission layer, with a transmission radius of 10km. It is electrically connected to the data storage module and transmits data through solar-assisted power supply on sunny days.

[0018] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0019] 1. Significantly improved sample authenticity and reduced evaporation loss to the lowest level in the industry: The triple anti-evaporation structure reduces the evaporation rate of water samples compared to traditional devices; the gravity flap and silicone sealing ring work together to prevent dry sedimentation pollutants from mixing in, improving the purity of water samples and ensuring the authenticity and reliability of indicators such as hydrogen-oxygen isotope ratio and pollutant concentration, providing accurate data support for atmospheric wet deposition research.

[0020] 2. Zero power consumption for multi-period sampling, overcoming environmental limitations: The pure mechanical pendulum-slide diversion system eliminates the need for motors and complex circuits, reducing power consumption; the adjustable time period design of 15 / 30 / 60 minutes meets different scientific research needs, and samples from 4 time periods can be obtained from a single precipitation event. Compared with traditional mixed sampling, it can more accurately reveal the evolution of precipitation pollution concentration over time, providing richer data dimensions.

[0021] 3. Strong adaptability to extreme environments and broadened monitoring range: The synergistic design of dual-mode temperature-sensitive baffles, pulse width heating, and antifreeze injection enables the device to adapt to environments ranging from -30℃ to 50℃, allowing it to be deployed in cold northern regions and hot and humid southern regions, breaking through the geographical limitations of traditional devices and realizing nationwide atmospheric precipitation pollution monitoring.

[0022] 4. In-situ detection is real-time and efficient, reducing costs and carbon emissions: The lifting probe mechanism enables water sample detection without transfer, reducing data lag, detection errors and conductivity, while also reducing the frequency of field trips for technicians. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a system flowchart of an embodiment of the application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the device configuration of an embodiment of the application.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. 120° conical water collection hopper; 2. Double-lobed temperature-sensitive baffle; 3. Room temperature triggering structure; 4. Heating wire; 5. Pendulum timing mechanism; 6. Four-channel diversion slide position I; 7. Four-channel diversion slide position II; 8. Four-channel diversion slide position III; 9. Four-channel diversion slide position IV; 10. Gravity flap; 11. Borosilicate glass jar; 12. Detection and transmission layer; 13. Lifting probe mechanism; 14. LORA transmission module; 15. Piezoelectric power generation unit. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-2 This application will be described in further detail.

[0027] This application discloses an air pollution precipitation sampling and detection device for environmental engineering. (Refer to...) Figure 1-2 A sampling and detection device for atmospheric pollution precipitation in environmental engineering includes an intelligent water collection component, a mechanical time-segmented sampling component, an anti-evaporation storage component, an in-situ detection component, and a low-temperature adaptation component.

[0028] The intelligent water collection component includes a 120° conical water collection hopper 1, a double-lobed temperature-sensitive baffle 2, and a temperature sensor. The 120° conical water collection hopper 1 is made of stainless steel and has a 0.2mm thick Teflon coating on its inner surface. The double-lobed temperature-sensitive baffle 2 has a diameter of 80mm. One side of the baffle has a built-in ambient temperature trigger structure 3, which is activated by the impact force of a 0.2N raindrop. The other side of the baffle has a built-in heating wire 4, which is activated when the temperature is ≤5℃. The temperature sensor is fixed on the outside of the 120° conical water collection hopper 1 to monitor the ambient temperature.

[0029] The mechanical time-segmented sampling component includes a pendulum timing mechanism 5 and a four-channel diversion slide assembly. The pendulum timing mechanism 5 includes an eccentric counterweight and has adjustable scales of 15 / 30 / 60 minutes. The four-channel diversion slide assembly is made of polytetrafluoroethylene and is marked with four-channel diversion slide positions I6, II7, III8, and IV9, corresponding to the initial, middle, late, and final stages, respectively. The pendulum timing mechanism 5 is connected to the four-channel diversion slide assembly and drives the slide to switch positions along a linear trajectory.

[0030] The anti-evaporation storage component includes four independent borosilicate glass jars 11 and a triple anti-evaporation structure. The borosilicate glass jars 11 are amber in color and marked with a 500mL liquid level line. The top of the borosilicate glass jars 11 is equipped with a gravity flap 10, which is made of polycarbonate and silicone sealing rings. The triple anti-evaporation structure includes a mineral oil sealing layer, a hydrophobic filter membrane, and a vacuum insulation layer. The mineral oil is precisely added through a metering injection device.

[0031] The in-situ detection component includes a lifting probe mechanism 13, a multi-parameter sensor, and a data storage module. The lifting probe mechanism 13 includes a buoyancy trigger and a ratchet lifting structure. When in standby mode, the probe is ≥2cm from the liquid surface and ≥3cm immersed in the liquid surface when in operation. The multi-parameter sensor integrates pH, conductivity, and turbidity detection functions. The data storage module is electrically connected to the multi-parameter sensor and has a built-in RFID tag for data storage.

[0032] The low-temperature adapter includes a pulse width modulation heating module, an antifreeze injection device, and a probe heating cavity. The pulse width modulation heating module is electrically connected to the heating wire 4. The antifreeze injection device is connected to the drainage pipeline of the diversion chute. A single injection of propylene glycol is ≤0.5mL. The probe heating cavity is fixed to the outside of the storage component. After detection, the probe retracts into the cavity and maintains a temperature ≥5℃.

[0033] The pendulum timing mechanism 5 also includes a reed switch reset system, which automatically drives the diversion slide to reset to the initial position I after 120 minutes of no precipitation;

[0034] Below the conical water collection hopper is a modular enrichment filter membrane clip. The modular enrichment filter membrane clip adopts a snap-on design, with a pre-packaged sterile filter membrane inside, and is equipped with a positioning pin to prevent misinstallation.

[0035] The in-situ detection component also includes a self-cleaning mechanism. After the detection is completed, the residual pressure inside the borosilicate glass jar 11 is used to backwash the surface of the lifting probe mechanism 13 to remove residual water sample.

[0036] The device also includes a piezoelectric power generation unit 15 and a LORA transmission module 14. The piezoelectric power generation unit 15 is an array structure, fixed below the 120° conical water collection bucket 1, which converts the impact energy of raindrops into electrical energy. The LORA transmission module 14 includes a spiral structure antenna and a detection and transmission layer 12, with a transmission radius of 10km. It is electrically connected to the data storage module and transmits data through solar-assisted power supply on sunny days.

[0037] The implementation principle of the atmospheric pollution precipitation sampling and detection device in this application embodiment is as follows: When the electrical components appearing in this application are used, they are all connected to an external power supply and control switch. During use, the temperature sensor monitors the ambient temperature in real time: When the temperature is >5℃, the first drop of rainwater hits the normal temperature trigger structure 3 of the double-lobed temperature-sensitive baffle 2. When the impact force reaches 0.2N, the baffle opens downwards by ≥60°, and the rainwater flows into the initial position I of the four-channel diversion chute through the 120° conical water collection bucket 1 (Teflon coating reduces residue); When the temperature is ≤5℃, the temperature sensor triggers the built-in heating wire 4 of the baffle and simultaneously starts the "continuous precipitation for 30 seconds" judgment logic. After the thin ice on the surface of the baffle melts and the precipitation continues, the baffle opens to avoid false triggering by freezing rain. The pendulum timing mechanism 5 starts as soon as precipitation begins. The eccentric counterweight oscillates periodically according to preset time intervals (15 / 30 / 60 minutes). Each oscillation drives the four-channel diversion chute to move 1 / 4 of its stroke along a linear trajectory via the transmission structure: In the early stage of precipitation (0 -- preset time interval), rainwater flows into borosilicate glass tank 11 through chute position I; in the middle stage (preset time interval -- 2 × preset time intervals), the chute switches to position II, and rainwater flows into tank 2; in the later and final stages, it switches to positions III and IV respectively, completing independent sample collection for the four time intervals. After 120 minutes without precipitation, the reed switch reset system drives the chute back to its initial position I, awaiting the next precipitation. The gravity flap 10 on top of the borosilicate glass jar 11 automatically opens when rainwater flows in and closes due to gravity when there is no rainwater, achieving a preliminary seal in conjunction with the silicone sealing ring. The mineral oil metering injection device injects a 5.0±0.1mm thick layer of mineral oil into the top of each glass jar, forming a liquid sealing barrier to prevent the water sample from contacting the air. At the same time, the vacuum insulation layer on the outside of the glass jar reduces the influence of ambient temperature on the water sample inside the jar. This triple protection reduces the evaporation rate of the water sample. The modular enrichment filter membrane clip is located below the water collection hopper. Its snap-on design makes it easy to replace. The pre-sealed sterile filter membrane can filter particulate matter in rainwater to avoid contamination. When the water sample in any glass jar reaches the 500mL liquid level line, the buoyancy trigger releases the lifting probe mechanism 13. The ratchet structure drives the probe to descend to an immersion depth of ≥3cm. The multi-parameter sensor starts continuous monitoring for 120 seconds, acquiring pH, conductivity, and turbidity data and storing them in the RFID tag. After the detection is completed, the probe retracts into the probe heating chamber (maintaining ≥5℃ inside the chamber), and the residual pressure inside the jar backflushes the probe surface to complete self-cleaning. The piezoelectric power generation unit 15 converts the impact energy of raindrops into electrical energy to assist the LORA transmission module 14 in its operation. On sunny days, it is powered by solar energy to enable remote transmission of detection data (within a radius of 10km). Maintenance personnel can obtain time period data by bringing an NFC reader close to the glass jar.When the temperature is ≤2℃, the low temperature adapter component is activated: the pulse width modulation heating module intermittently heats the baffle with 3W power to prevent freezing; the antifreeze injection device injects ≤0.5mL of propylene glycol into the drainage pipe of the diversion trough at one time to avoid freezing of the pipe; the probe heating chamber immediately keeps the probe warm after the detection is completed to prevent the probe from freezing and being damaged, and ensures that the device operates normally in an environment of -30℃.

[0038] Finally, the following points should be noted: First, in the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly, and can be mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components, or direct connections. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may change.

[0039] Secondly: The accompanying drawings of the embodiments disclosed in this utility model only involve the structures involved in the embodiments disclosed in this utility model. Other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other.

[0040] Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0041] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A sampling and detection device for atmospheric pollution precipitation in environmental engineering, characterized in that: This includes intelligent water collection components, mechanical time-segmented sampling components, anti-evaporation storage components, in-situ detection components, and low-temperature adaptation components; The intelligent water collection component includes a 120° conical water collection bucket (1), a double-lobed temperature-sensitive baffle (2), and a temperature sensor. The 120° conical water collection bucket (1) is made of stainless steel and has a 0.2mm thick Teflon coating on its inner surface. The double-lobed temperature-sensitive baffle (2) has a diameter of 80mm. One side of the baffle has a built-in room temperature trigger structure (3) that opens when impacted by a 0.2N raindrop. The other side of the baffle has a built-in heating wire (4) that starts when the temperature is ≤5℃. The temperature sensor is fixed on the outside of the 120° conical water collection bucket (1) and is used to monitor the ambient temperature. The mechanical time-segmented sampling component includes a pendulum timing mechanism (5) and a four-channel diversion slide assembly. The pendulum timing mechanism (5) includes an eccentric counterweight and is equipped with an adjustable scale of 15 / 30 / 60 minutes. The four-channel diversion slide assembly is made of polytetrafluoroethylene and is marked with four-channel diversion slide position I (6), four-channel diversion slide position II (7), four-channel diversion slide position III (8) and four-channel diversion slide position IV (9) respectively, corresponding to the initial, middle, late and final stages. The pendulum timing mechanism (5) is connected to the four-channel diversion slide assembly and drives the slide to switch positions along a linear trajectory. The anti-evaporation storage component includes four independent borosilicate glass jars (11) and a triple anti-evaporation structure. The borosilicate glass jars (11) are amber in color and marked with a 500mL liquid level line. The top of the borosilicate glass jars (11) is equipped with a gravity flap (10). The gravity flap (10) is made of polycarbonate and silicone sealing rings. The triple anti-evaporation structure includes a mineral oil sealing layer, a hydrophobic filter membrane, and a vacuum insulation layer. The mineral oil is precisely added through a metering injection device. The in-situ detection component includes a lifting probe mechanism (13), a multi-parameter sensor, and a data storage module. The lifting probe mechanism (13) includes a buoyancy trigger and a ratchet lifting structure. When in standby mode, the probe is ≥2cm from the liquid surface and ≥3cm immersed in the liquid surface when in operation. The multi-parameter sensor integrates pH, conductivity, and turbidity detection functions. The data storage module is electrically connected to the multi-parameter sensor and has a built-in RFID tag for data storage. The low-temperature adapter includes a pulse width modulation heating module, an antifreeze injection device, and a probe heating cavity. The pulse width modulation heating module is electrically connected to the heating wire (4). The antifreeze injection device is connected to the drainage pipe of the diversion trough. A single injection of propylene glycol is ≤0.5mL. The probe heating cavity is fixed on the outside of the storage component. After detection, the probe retracts into the cavity and maintains ≥5℃.

2. The sampling and detection device for atmospheric pollution precipitation in environmental engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pendulum timing mechanism (5) also includes a reed switch reset system, which automatically drives the diversion slide to reset to the initial position I after 120 minutes of no precipitation.

3. The sampling and detection device for atmospheric pollution precipitation in environmental engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conical water collection hopper is equipped with a modular enrichment filter membrane clip below it. The modular enrichment filter membrane clip adopts a snap-on design, has a pre-packaged sterile filter membrane inside, and is equipped with a positioning pin to prevent misinstallation.

4. The sampling and detection device for atmospheric pollution precipitation in environmental engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The in-situ detection component also includes a self-cleaning mechanism. After the detection is completed, the residual pressure inside the borosilicate glass jar (11) is used to backwash the surface of the lifting probe mechanism (13) to remove residual water sample.

5. The sampling and detection device for atmospheric pollution precipitation in environmental engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes a piezoelectric power generation unit (15) and a LORA transmission module (14). The piezoelectric power generation unit (15) is an array structure, fixed below the 120° conical water collection bucket (1), which converts raindrop impact energy into electrical energy. The LORA transmission module (14) includes a spiral structure antenna and a detection transmission layer (12), with a transmission radius of 10km. It is electrically connected to the data storage module and transmits data through solar-assisted power supply on sunny days.

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