An experimental device for simulating migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of heavy metal experiment especially, a kind of experimental device simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metal under extreme conditions, in view of the problems that the existing device cannot realize stratified in situ non-destructive sampling, leading to experimental data and actual environmental conditions disjointed, the following scheme is presented, it includes container box, the top opening of container box is covered with box cover, the side of container box is fixed in turn with three sampling tubes in high-low order communication;Freeze-thaw monitoring assembly is arranged on the container box.The utility model in this paper is combined with the freeze-thaw monitoring assembly and the three different position sampling tubes, not only can dynamically control soil temperature and monitor environmental parameters in real time, form reproducible freeze-thaw cycle condition, but also can directly obtain each layer of soil sample through preset depth, to synchronously complete temperature gradient simulation and data acquisition, and in situ sampling operation, significantly enhance the ability of simulating real environmental conditions, greatly improve the reliability and analysis depth of experimental data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of heavy metal experimental technology, and in particular to an experimental device for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Heavy metal migration and transformation experiments simulate natural environments or specific conditions to study the spatial movement and form transformation of heavy metals in media such as soil, water, and plants. The experiments usually involve collecting soil, plant, or water samples, using analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine the heavy metal content, and combining the changes in different environmental parameters (such as pH value, redox potential, and coexisting ions) to explore the physicochemical processes of heavy metal adsorption and desorption, precipitation and dissolution, complexation and decomplexation, redox, and biological migration mechanisms such as biological absorption and enrichment.

[0003] Currently, existing experimental devices for heavy metal migration and transformation typically employ low-temperature constant-temperature baths, cooling / heating circulating water baths, or low-temperature constant-temperature circulating baths to simulate freeze-thaw environments. While these methods can meet basic temperature regulation requirements, they cannot achieve stratified in-situ non-destructive sampling. This results in disturbances or even damage to the original structure and physicochemical properties of the soil during the experiment (such as disrupting aggregate structure and altering porosity). Consequently, the occurrence state of heavy metals in the soil (such as the proportions of exchangeable, oxidizable, adsorbed, and complexed states) and migration behavior (such as diffusion rate and adsorption-desorption equilibrium) undergo irreversible changes. This makes the collected samples unable to accurately reflect the migration and transformation patterns of heavy metals under natural conditions, leading to a disconnect between experimental data and actual environmental conditions. This reduces the reliability of research conclusions and the accuracy of ecological risk assessments. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies that cannot achieve layered in-situ non-destructive sampling, resulting in experimental data being out of sync with actual environmental conditions. Therefore, this invention proposes an experimental device for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An experimental apparatus for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions includes:

[0007] The container box has a lid covering its top opening. Three sampling tubes are fixedly connected to one side of the container box from high to low, and each of the three sampling tubes has a plug at its opening.

[0008] The container is equipped with a freeze-thaw monitoring component, which is used to circulate and refrigerate the soil and internal liquid and monitor them.

[0009] In one possible design, the freeze-thaw monitoring assembly includes a temperature sensor and a moisture sensor that are symmetrically and sealed with threads on one side of the container box. The container box has placement slots on the outside of the temperature sensor and the moisture sensor. A thermoelectric cooler and a heating element can be detachably inserted into the interior of each of the two placement slots. The temperature sensor, the moisture sensor, the thermoelectric cooler, and the heating element are electrically connected and communicate via a common wire harness plug.

[0010] In one possible design, the top of the lid is fixedly connected to a filling port, the opening of the filling port is plugged with a second plug, and the top of the second plug is fixedly provided with a pull ring.

[0011] In one possible design, fasteners are fixedly provided on both sides of the lid, and fasteners are fixedly provided on both sides of the container box at corresponding positions to the fasteners. The fasteners are adapted to the fasteners and can be disengaged from them. A sealing gasket is fixedly provided on the bottom outer ring of the lid.

[0012] In one possible design, the container box has a locking block and a locking bracket fixedly fixed on both sides symmetrically, and the locking block and the locking bracket are compatible and can be disengaged.

[0013] In one possible design, a drain plate is fixedly installed inside the container box above the bottom wall, and a drain pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the container box below the drain plate, with a valve installed on the drain pipe.

[0014] In one possible design, a label card holder is fixedly installed on the rear side of the container box, above the temperature sensor and the moisture sensor.

[0015] In this application, when the device is first used, the thermoelectric cooling chip and the heating chip are first installed into the placement slots on both sides of the container box. Then, the temperature sensor and the moisture sensor are connected to one side of the container box by symmetrical threaded sealant. The thermoelectric cooling chip, the heating chip, the temperature sensor and the moisture sensor are electrically connected to the wire harness plug through the wire harness. Then, the wire harness plug is inserted into the device to connect the four to the power supply.

[0016] At the start of the experiment, first open the container lid and lay the non-woven filter cloth on the perforated plate to prevent large particles from being lost with the water flow. Then, evenly fill the container box with the background soil from the study area that does not contain heavy metals. The filling height of the soil is 0.8m (the length * width * height of the container box is 1 * 1 * 1m), leaving a 0.2m space and ensuring that the soil layer is flat. After filling, press the lid onto the opening of the container box so that the sealing gasket on it abuts against the container box to prevent gas or liquid leakage. When pressing, fasten the lid and the container box with the fastener block to fix the lid and the container box. Then, evenly inject the solution containing heavy metals into the container box through the injection port so that the solution containing heavy metals is evenly distributed on the soil surface. The injection volume is determined according to the experimental requirements. After injection, plug the injection port with a plug.

[0017] To begin the experiment, the cooling system was first turned on, and the soil was frozen using a semiconductor cooling chip until the soil temperature dropped to -30°C. The frozen state was maintained for 24 hours. During this period, the soil temperature and moisture changes were monitored in real time using temperature and moisture sensors, and the data were recorded. After 24 hours, the plugs of the three sampling tubes were opened in sequence, and samples were taken from the upper, middle, and lower layers of the soil to test the changes in temperature, moisture, total heavy metal content, and the content of various heavy metal forms at different layers, and the results were recorded.

[0018] Subsequently, the plug was inserted back into the openings of the three sampling tubes in sequence, the cooling system was turned off, and the heating system was turned on. The soil was heated by the heating element until the soil temperature reached +30℃, and the heating state was maintained for 24 hours. During this period, the soil temperature and moisture changes were monitored in real time by temperature and moisture sensors, and the data was recorded. After 24 hours, the plugs of the three sampling tubes were opened again in sequence, and samples were taken from the upper, middle and lower layers of the soil to test the changes in temperature, moisture, total heavy metal content and the content of each occurrence form of heavy metal in different layers, and the results were recorded.

[0019] Depending on the experimental requirements (e.g., to increase the experimental sample size), the above freezing, heating, sampling and testing steps can be repeated to conduct multiple cyclic experiments. Before each cycle, it is necessary to ensure that the soil condition is restored to the initial conditions (e.g., refilling the soil, injecting the solution, etc.).

[0020] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] This invention utilizes three sampling tubes to accurately obtain samples from the upper, middle, and lower layers of soil, effectively monitoring the differences in heavy metal migration and transformation in each soil layer under extreme temperature cycles.

[0022] This invention enables precise temperature control and dynamic monitoring of the soil environment through the setting of a freeze-thaw monitoring component. It can simulate extreme temperature conditions through cooling / heating functions and collect temperature and moisture data in real time, providing controllable experimental conditions and accurate data support for studying the migration and transformation laws of heavy metals in freeze-thaw cycles, and significantly improving the repeatability, scientific rigor and depth of the experiment.

[0023] This invention combines a freeze-thaw monitoring component with sampling tubes at three different locations, which not only dynamically regulates soil temperature and monitors environmental parameters in real time to form reproducible freeze-thaw cycle conditions, but also allows for the direct acquisition of soil samples from each layer at a preset depth. This enables simultaneous temperature gradient simulation and data acquisition, as well as in-situ sampling operations, significantly enhancing the ability to simulate real environmental conditions and greatly improving the reliability and depth of experimental data analysis. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall main structure of an experimental device for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions, as proposed in this utility model.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall rear view of an experimental device for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions, as proposed in this utility model.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall disassembled structure of an experimental device for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions, as proposed in this utility model.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the container of an experimental apparatus for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions, as proposed in this utility model.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Container box; 2. Box lid; 3. Sampling tube; 4. Block 1; 5. Placement slot; 6. Semiconductor cooling chip; 7. Heating element; 8. Temperature sensor; 9. Moisture sensor; 10. Wiring harness plug; 11. Filling port; 12. Block 2; 13. Pull ring; 14. Buckle; 15. Buckle block; 16. Locking block; 17. Locking bracket; 18. Drain plate; 19. Drain pipe; 20. Valve; 21. Label card placement rack. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0030] In one embodiment

[0031] Reference Figure 1-4 A model experimental apparatus, comprising:

[0032] The container box 1, the lid 2, and the sampling tubes 3 are all made of metal that is resistant to both low and high temperatures and can prevent corrosion from heavy metals. The container box 1 is the main part of the entire experimental apparatus. Its top opening is used to place the soil and liquid substances required for the experiment. Three sampling tubes 3 are fixedly connected to one side of the container box 1 from high to low (the three sampling tubes 3 are located at 0.2m, 0.5m, and 0.8m of the container box 1, respectively). Each sampling tube 3 is plugged with a plug 4. During the experiment, when it is necessary to collect samples at different heights, simply pull out the plug 4 at the corresponding height, and the required sample can be obtained through the sampling tube 3. The arrangement of the three sampling tubes 3 from high to low can meet the needs of collecting samples at different depths, which is convenient for comprehensively studying the migration and transformation of heavy metals in soil and liquid at different heights.

[0033] The freeze-thaw monitoring component is used to monitor and circulate cooling and heating of soil and its internal liquids. It includes a temperature sensor 8 and a moisture sensor 9 symmetrically connected to one side of a container 1 via sealed threads. Placement slots 5 are provided on the outside of both temperature and moisture sensors 8 and 9 on the container 1. A thermoelectric cooler 6 and a heating element 7 can be detachably inserted into the interior of each slot 5. The temperature sensor 8 monitors the temperature of the soil and liquid inside the container 1 in real time, while the moisture sensor 9 monitors the moisture content of the soil. The thermoelectric cooler 6 and heating element 7 are used to cool and heat the substances inside the container 1, respectively, to simulate extreme temperature conditions. (Temperature sensor 8: Model: WZP-035; Moisture sensor 9: Model: YTDL-MDL; The thermoelectric cooler 6: Model: TEC...) The 1-13930 and the heating element 7 (model: XKDR50-600) are electrically connected via a wiring harness and share the same wiring harness connector 10. Through this connector 10, these components can be connected to external control devices such as computers or dedicated controllers to monitor temperature and moisture levels and to precisely control cooling and heating. For example, when simulating a low-temperature environment, the control device supplies power to the semiconductor cooling element 6 to start cooling, while the temperature sensor 8 provides real-time temperature data. When the set low-temperature value is reached, the control device automatically adjusts the operating state of the semiconductor cooling element 6 to maintain a stable low-temperature environment. When simulating a high-temperature environment, power is supplied to the heating element 7, which starts heating. The temperature sensor 8 also monitors temperature changes in real time to ensure that the set high-temperature value is reached and remains stable.

[0034] The lid 2 is placed over the top opening of the container box 1 to seal the container box 1. A filling port 11 is fixedly connected to the top of the lid 2. A plug 12 is plugged into the opening of the filling port 11. A pull ring 13 is fixedly installed on the top of the plug 12. During the experiment, when soil needs to be added to the container box 1, the lid 2 can be opened directly through the buckle 14 and the buckle block 15. When liquid or heavy metal solution needs to be added to the container box 1, the plug 12 can be pulled out through the pull ring 13 and added through the filling port 11. After adding, the plug 12 can be reinserted.

[0035] To ensure a tight seal between the lid 2 and the container box 1, a sealing gasket is fixedly installed on the bottom outer ring of the lid 2. Meanwhile, to facilitate opening and closing the lid 2, fasteners 15 are fixedly installed on both sides of the lid 2. Fasteners 14 are fixedly installed on both sides of the container box 1 at corresponding positions to the fasteners 15. The fasteners 14 are compatible with the fasteners 15 and can be disengaged. When the lid 2 needs to be closed, it is placed on the container box 1, causing the fasteners 15 and fasteners 14 to engage, thus securing the lid 2. When the lid 2 needs to be opened, simply release the fasteners 14 from the fasteners 15 to easily remove the lid 2.

[0036] This application can be used in the field of experimental apparatus technology for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions, and can also be used in other fields applicable to this application.

[0037] In another embodiment

[0038] An experimental apparatus for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions is provided. It is applied to the technical field of experimental apparatus for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions. A locking block 16 and a locking bracket 17 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the container box 1. The locking block 16 and the locking bracket 17 are compatible and can be disengaged. When multiple experimental apparatuses need to be combined or fixed, the locking block 16 of one experimental apparatus can be inserted into the locking bracket 17 of another experimental apparatus to achieve the locking and fixing between the two, which facilitates the placement and operation of the experimental apparatus.

[0039] Inside container 1, a perforated plate 18 is fixedly installed above the bottom wall. The function of the perforated plate 18 is to support the soil and allow liquid to pass through. On one side of container 1, below the perforated plate 18, a drain pipe 19 is fixedly connected. A valve 20 is installed on the drain pipe 19. During the experiment, when it is necessary to drain the liquid in container 1, simply open the valve 20, and the liquid can flow through the perforated plate 18 into the drain pipe 19 and then be discharged from container 1.

[0040] A label card holder 21 is fixedly installed on the rear side of container box 1, above the temperature sensor 8 and the moisture sensor 9. During the experiment, in order to facilitate the differentiation of different experimental devices or the recording of experimental information, the label cards can be placed on the label card holder 21 for easy identification and management by the experimenters.

[0041] However, as is well known to those skilled in the art, the working principles and wiring methods of the semiconductor cooling chip 6, heating chip 7, temperature sensor 8, and moisture sensor 9 are commonplace and are all conventional methods or common knowledge. They will not be described in detail here. Those skilled in the art can make any selections according to their needs or convenience.

[0042] The accompanying drawings in this application are for illustrative purposes only. The dimensions and shapes of the components shown are not actual limitations but are merely schematic representations. In actual implementation, the components can be reasonably configured and adjusted according to specific needs and actual conditions.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model, based on the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present utility model, should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions, characterized in that, include: The container box (1) is covered with a lid (2) at the top opening. Three sampling tubes (3) are fixedly connected to one side of the container box (1) from high to low. The openings of the three sampling tubes (3) are all plugged with a plug (4). The container box (1) is equipped with a freeze-thaw monitoring component, which is used to circulate and heat the soil and internal liquid and monitor them. The freeze-thaw monitoring component includes a temperature sensor (8) and a moisture sensor (9) that are symmetrically sealed and threadedly connected to one side of the container box (1). The container box (1) has a placement slot (5) on the outside of the temperature sensor (8) and the moisture sensor (9). The interior of the two placement slots (5) can be detachably filled with a semiconductor cooling chip (6) and a heating chip (7). The temperature sensor (8), the moisture sensor (9), the semiconductor cooling chip (6) and the heating chip (7) are electrically connected to the same wire harness plug (10) through a wire harness.

2. The experimental device for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the lid (2) is fixedly connected to a filling port (11), and a plug (12) is plugged inside the opening of the filling port (11). A pull ring (13) is fixedly provided on the top of the plug (12).

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both sides of the lid (2) are fixedly provided with buckles (15), and both sides of the container box (1) are fixedly provided with buckle frames (14) at the corresponding positions of the buckles (15). The buckle frames (14) are adapted to the buckles (15) and can be disengaged and fastened. A sealing gasket is fixedly provided on the bottom outer ring of the lid (2).

4. The experimental device for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The container box (1) is symmetrically fixed with a card block (16) and a card holder (17) on both sides. The card block (16) and the card holder (17) are compatible and can be disengaged.

5. The experimental device for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Inside the container box (1), a drain plate (18) is fixedly installed above the bottom wall. A drain pipe (19) is fixedly connected to one side of the container box (1) below the drain plate (18). A valve (20) is installed on the drain pipe (19).

6. The experimental device for simulating the migration and transformation of heavy metals under extreme conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, A label card holder (21) is fixedly installed on the rear side of the container box (1), above the temperature sensor (8) and the moisture sensor (9).

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