Image generation device, head-up display, and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides an image generation device, a head-up display and a vehicle, comprising a laser, a scanning module and a visualizer. The scanning module is arranged on the light path of the laser, and the visualizer is arranged on the light path of the scanning module. The laser is configured to emit a laser beam; the inside of the visualizer has a plurality of continuous visualizing planes in a first direction, the visualizing planes are perpendicular to the first direction, and the visualizing planes have fluorescent materials therein; and the scanning module is configured to control the focus of the laser beam to move in the first direction, so that the laser beam is focused on a target visualizing plane, and to control the focus of the laser beam to perform two-dimensional scanning in the target visualizing plane, so that the laser beam excites the fluorescent materials in the target visualizing plane to generate an image beam with two-dimensional image information. The image generation device can form a three-dimensional image with real depth information, and subsequent application in the head-up display can realize multi-depth imaging and three-dimensional display.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of head-up display technology, specifically to an image generation device, a head-up display, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] A head-up display (HUD) is a car head-up display system. It uses a plane mirror imaging principle to project important driving data from the display onto the driver's face through the windshield. The driver can see vehicle information, such as speed, fuel consumption, and navigation, without looking down, thus avoiding distraction from the road ahead. At the same time, the driver doesn't need to adjust their eyes between looking at the distant road and the nearby instrument panel, reducing eye fatigue and ensuring driving comfort and safety.

[0003] The images generated by existing HUDs are generally two-dimensional planar images at a fixed distance. However, actual road conditions are three-dimensional. This method of generating two-dimensional images at a fixed distance can only present a two-dimensional effect and cannot integrate warning and navigation information with the actual road conditions in a three-dimensional display. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an image generation device, a head-up display, and a vehicle. The image generation device can generate two-dimensional images at multiple consecutive distances, and can generate three-dimensional images through three-dimensional scanning. When applied to a head-up display, it can achieve multi-depth imaging and realize three-dimensional display.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an image generation apparatus, comprising: a laser, a scanning module, and a display. The scanning module is disposed on the light output path of the laser, and the display is disposed on the light output path of the scanning module. The laser is configured to emit a laser beam; the display has a plurality of continuous imaging planes along a first direction, the imaging planes being perpendicular to the first direction, and each imaging plane containing a fluorescent material; the scanning module is configured to control the focus of the laser beam to move in the first direction, so that the laser beam is focused on a target imaging plane, and to control the focus of the laser beam to perform a two-dimensional scan within the target imaging plane, so that the laser beam excites the fluorescent material within the target imaging plane to generate an image beam carrying two-dimensional image information, wherein the target imaging plane is one of the plurality of continuous imaging planes.

[0006] In one or more embodiments, the scanning module includes a focusing module and a two-dimensional scanning module; the focusing module is disposed on the light output path of the laser, the two-dimensional scanning module is disposed on the light output path of the focusing module, and the display is disposed on the light output path of the two-dimensional scanning module; wherein, the focusing module is configured to control the focal point of the laser beam to move in the first direction, so that the laser beam is focused on the target imaging plane; the two-dimensional scanning module is configured to control the focal point of the laser beam to perform two-dimensional scanning in the target imaging plane, so that the laser beam excites fluorescent material in the target imaging plane to generate a two-dimensional image.

[0007] In one or more embodiments, the focusing module includes a liquid lens; the liquid lens has multiple focal lengths, the liquid lens is disposed on the light output path of the laser, and the two-dimensional scanning module is disposed on the light output path of the liquid lens.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, the two-dimensional scanning module includes a reflection mechanism and a two-dimensional rotation mechanism; the reflection mechanism is disposed on the light output path of the focusing module, the imager is disposed on the propagation path of the laser beam reflected by the reflection mechanism, the two-dimensional rotation mechanism is connected to the reflection mechanism, and the reflection mechanism has a first swing axis and a second swing axis; the two-dimensional rotation mechanism is configured to control the reflection mechanism to rotate around the first swing axis and the second swing axis respectively, so that the reflection mechanism controls the focus of the laser beam to perform two-dimensional scanning in the target imaging plane.

[0009] In one or more embodiments, the reflecting mechanism includes a first reflecting mirror; the first reflecting mirror is disposed on the light output path of the focusing module, the display is disposed on the propagation path of the laser beam reflected by the first reflecting mirror, the two-dimensional rotating mechanism is connected to the first reflecting mirror, and the first reflecting mirror has a first swing axis and a second swing axis.

[0010] In one or more embodiments, the first reflector is a curved reflector; the curved reflector is disposed on the light output path of the focusing module, the imager is disposed on the propagation path of the laser beam reflected by the curved reflector, the two-dimensional rotation mechanism is connected to the curved reflector, and the curved reflector has a first swing axis and a second swing axis.

[0011] In one or more embodiments, the two-dimensional rotation mechanism includes a two-dimensional microelectromechanical system (MEMS); the two-dimensional MEMS is connected to the reflection mechanism.

[0012] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a head-up display, which includes an image generating device and a reflecting device as described in any embodiment of the first aspect; the reflecting device is disposed on the light output path of the image generating device; the reflecting device is configured to reflect the image beam.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, the reflecting device includes a second reflector and a third reflector. The second reflector is disposed on the light output path of the image generating device, and the third reflector is disposed on the propagation path of the image beam reflected by the second reflector.

[0014] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a means of transportation, which includes a windshield and a head-up display as described in any embodiment of the second aspect; the windshield is disposed on the light-emitting side of the head-up display.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: This application provides an image generation device, a head-up display, and a vehicle. The image generation device includes a laser, a scanning module, and a display. The scanning module is disposed on the light output path of the laser, and the display is disposed on the light output path of the scanning module. The laser is configured to emit a laser beam; the display has multiple continuous imaging planes along a first direction, the imaging planes being perpendicular to the first direction, and fluorescent material within the imaging planes; the scanning module is configured to control the focus of the laser beam to move in the first direction, so that the laser beam is focused on a target imaging plane, and to control the focus of the laser beam to perform two-dimensional scanning within the target imaging plane, so that the laser beam excites the fluorescent material within the target imaging plane to generate an image beam with two-dimensional image information. The target imaging plane is one of multiple continuous imaging planes. This image generation device, by directly generating image points in three-dimensional space, can form a three-dimensional image with real depth information and achieve continuously variable imaging distance within a certain range. Subsequent application in head-up displays can realize multi-distance imaging and three-dimensional display, improving the performance and user experience of the head-up display system. Attached Figure Description

[0016] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference numerals in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of an image generation apparatus provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of an image generation apparatus provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3for Figure 2 Another optical path diagram of the image generation device shown; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Another optical path diagram of the image generation device shown; Figure 5 A structural block diagram of a head-up display provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more detailed description is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element, or one or more intermediate elements may exist between them. When an element is described as being "electrically connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or one or more intermediate elements may exist between them. The terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "bottom," etc., used in this specification indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Furthermore, technical features involved in the different embodiments of this application described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0020] Currently, existing HUD systems typically use fixed image generation units to project a two-dimensional image onto a fixed virtual image distance in front of the driver, usually between 2 and 4 meters. However, the real-world driving environment is three-dimensional, and the flat 2D images provided by traditional HUDs lack depth, resulting in unrealistic and unintuitive information presentation. Especially in advanced applications such as Augmented Reality (AR) navigation, when a flat turn arrow or point of interest marker is superimposed onto a three-dimensional real road environment, the image cannot accurately match the depth of real objects (such as specific lanes or intersections), creating a jarring "stuck to the glass" effect and diminishing the immersive experience and guidance effect that AR navigation should provide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new image generation and display technology to overcome the technical shortcomings of existing HUD systems, namely fixed imaging distance and limited display dimensions.

[0021] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides an image generation device, a head-up display (HUD), and a vehicle. This image generation device directly generates image points in three-dimensional space, enabling the formation of a three-dimensional image with realistic depth information and achieving continuously variable imaging distance within a certain range. When applied to a HUD, it can achieve multi-depth imaging and three-dimensional display, seamlessly integrating image information with the real world in three-dimensional space, thereby significantly improving the performance and user experience of the HUD system.

[0022] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an image generation apparatus 100, see below. Figure 1 The image generation device 100 includes a laser 110, a scanning module 120, and a display 130.

[0023] The scanning module 120 is located in the light output path of the laser 110, and the display 130 is located in the light output path of the scanning module 120. The laser 110 is configured to emit a laser beam.

[0024] See Figure 2 The display 130 has multiple continuous display planes inside along the first direction z, the display planes are perpendicular to the first direction z, and the display planes contain fluorescent material.

[0025] Understandably, the display 130 displays multiple consecutive display planes, meaning that two adjacent display planes can be aligned or have a preset distance between them, and the preset distance can be set according to the actual situation.

[0026] The scanning module 120 is configured to control the focus of the laser beam to move in the first direction z so that the laser beam is focused on the target imaging plane, and to control the focus of the laser beam to perform two-dimensional scanning within the target imaging plane so that the laser beam excites the fluorescent material within the target imaging plane to generate an image beam with two-dimensional image information. The target imaging plane is one of a plurality of consecutive imaging planes.

[0027] Laser 110 is a device capable of generating laser light. Laser 110 typically includes structures such as a gain medium, a pump source, and an optical resonator, and can be classified as a solid-state laser, gas laser, liquid laser, or semiconductor laser. The wavelength and power of the laser beam emitted by laser 110 can be selected based on the excitation characteristics of the fluorescent material used in the image sensor 130, ensuring that the laser beam emitted by laser 110 can effectively excite the fluorescent material to emit light. The specific structure of laser 110 can refer to existing technologies and is not limited here.

[0028] See Figure 2 The image display 130 is a volumetric display, which is a three-dimensional structure made of a transparent substrate, such as a columnar structure. The transparent substrate can be optical glass or optical resin. Within the interior space of this transparent substrate, fluorescent materials (e.g., phosphors) are uniformly or systematically doped to form multiple continuous imaging planes along a first direction z. These imaging planes constitute the three-dimensional structure presented by the image display 130. The first direction z can be the direction of the normal to the surface of the image display 130 where the laser beam is incident. When the laser beam controlled by the scanning module 120 is precisely focused onto a specific spatial point on an imaging plane (target imaging plane) inside the image display 130, the fluorescent material at that point absorbs the laser energy and is excited, emitting visible light of a specific color, thereby forming a luminous image pixel.

[0029] The scanning module 120 refers to controlling the focus of the laser beam to perform three-dimensional scanning within the space of the display 130 that is doped with fluorescent material, thereby exciting the fluorescent material in the target imaging plane point by point, line by line, and surface by surface, thereby generating a luminescent image with two-dimensional image information on the target imaging plane, and by quickly switching the target imaging plane and repeating the two-dimensional scanning process, a complete three-dimensional image can be synthesized within the display 130.

[0030] When the image generation device 100 described above is applied to the head-up display 1000, the generated three-dimensional image can be projected onto the human eye 3000. Specifically, the display 130 has N consecutive display planes along the first direction z. The scanning module 120 can first control the focus of the laser beam to be at the first display plane, that is, the current target display plane is the first display plane. Then, the scanning module 120 performs a two-dimensional scan on the first display plane, so that the first display plane presents a two-dimensional image. Next, the scanning module 120 controls the focus of the laser beam to be at the second display plane, that is, the current target display plane is the second display plane, and performs a two-dimensional scan on the second display plane, so that the second display plane presents a two-dimensional image. This process continues until the scanning module 120 completes the scan on the Nth display plane, so that the Nth display plane presents a two-dimensional image.

[0031] Understandably, the head-up display 130 is a volumetric display with multiple display planes formed within it. When projected onto the windshield, it can form a two-dimensional image or a three-dimensional image with depth composed of at least two display planes. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional images can be displayed individually, or the display can be switched as needed. In other words, the head-up display can selectively display two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional images according to actual requirements.

[0032] For example, by projecting N imaging planes onto the windshield, N two-dimensional images can be displayed with zoom, thus forming a head-up display that displays two-dimensional images at a variable imaging distance.

[0033] Alternatively, among N display planes, M display planes are selected and projected onto the windshield to form a three-dimensional image, where 2 ≤ M ≤ N. When the three-dimensional scanning speed is fast enough, due to the persistence of vision effect of the human eye, the human eye cannot distinguish this layer-by-layer scanning process. After being projected onto the windshield 2000 by the head-up display 1000, the human eye can only observe a complete, three-dimensional image with true depth. There can be one or multiple three-dimensional images. When multiple three-dimensional images can be formed, they are displayed separately, i.e., the first, second, third, ... Qth three-dimensional image is selected according to requirements. Each three-dimensional image is formed by M display planes projected onto the windshield, thus forming a head-up display for displaying three-dimensional images. Among the M display planes of two adjacent three-dimensional images, a maximum of M-1 can overlap to ensure that each three-dimensional image is at a different distance from the human eye.

[0034] Alternatively, among the N imaging planes, P imaging planes are selected to be projected onto the windshield to form a three-dimensional image with depth, where 2≤P<N. That is, when at least one three-dimensional image is formed, at least one imaging plane is projected onto the windshield to form a two-dimensional image, so that two-dimensional images and three-dimensional images can be selectively displayed according to actual requirements, thereby realizing a head-up display that can display two-dimensional images and three-dimensional images separately, and the imaging distances of both the two-dimensional images and the three-dimensional images can be varied.

[0035] It can be understood that in the above scanning process, the scanning module 120 may complete scanning on the Nth imaging plane first, then complete scanning on the (N-1)th imaging plane, and so on, until the scanning module 120 completes scanning on the first imaging plane, and a three-dimensional image can also be presented. That is, the scanning module 120 can scan each imaging plane sequentially along the positive direction of the first direction z, or can scan each imaging plane sequentially along the negative direction of the first direction z.

[0036] In this embodiment, the scanning module 120 performs three-dimensional scanning on the focal point of the laser beam to excite the fluorescent material in multiple imaging planes of the imager 130, thereby generating a plurality of two-dimensional images with continuous depth or spaced depth at multiple positions. When applied to the head-up display 1000, it allows human eyes 3000 to observe a plurality of virtual images with continuous depth or spaced depth, realizes imaging at continuous distances or imaging at multiple focal points, improves the three-dimensional display effect, so that augmented reality display information such as navigation arrows can be perfectly integrated into any depth of the real world, which greatly improves driving safety and immersive experience.

[0037] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 2 , the scanning module 120 includes a focusing module 121 and a two-dimensional scanning module 122. The focusing module 121 is disposed on the light output path of the laser 110, the two-dimensional scanning module 122 is disposed on the light output path of the focusing module 121, and the imager 130 is disposed on the light output path of the two-dimensional scanning module 122. Wherein, the focusing module 121 is configured to control the focal point of the laser beam to move along the first direction z, so that the laser beam is focused on the target imaging plane. The two-dimensional scanning module 122 is configured to control the focal point of the laser beam to perform two-dimensional scanning within the target imaging plane, so that the laser beam excites the fluorescent material in the target imaging plane to generate a two-dimensional image.

[0038] The focusing module 121 refers to a device that can control the focal point of the laser beam to move along the first direction z inside the imager 130 by changing the focal length of the laser beam, so that the focal point of the laser beam is located on one of the imaging planes (the target imaging plane) in the imager 130.

[0039] The two-dimensional scanning module 122 refers to a device capable of two-dimensionally deflecting the focal point of a laser beam to control the focal point of the laser beam to move in two dimensions within the target imaging plane. Specifically, the two-dimensional scanning module 122 controls the focal point of the laser beam to move within the target imaging plane along a second direction x and a third direction y, where the first direction z, the second direction x, and the third direction y are mutually perpendicular.

[0040] In this embodiment, the focusing module 121 controls the focus movement in the first direction z, and the two-dimensional scanning module 122 controls the focus movement in the second direction x and the third direction y. Each module has a clear division of labor and independently controls the focus movement in different directions. During system debugging and optimization, each module can be adjusted individually, improving debugging speed. For example, by adjusting the focal length control parameters of the focusing module 121, the depth of laser beam focusing can be precisely changed; by adjusting the deflection angle and speed parameters of the two-dimensional scanning module 122, the scanning speed and quality of the two-dimensional image can be optimized. Furthermore, separating the focusing and two-dimensional scanning functions into different modules reduces functional coupling and mutual interference between modules, avoiding design complexity and potential failure points caused by functional integration. This reduces the probability of system failure and improves system stability and reliability. If a module fails subsequently, it can be repaired or replaced individually without affecting the normal operation of other modules. Simultaneously, with continuous technological development, individual modules can be easily upgraded and improved to enhance the overall system performance and extend its service life.

[0041] In some embodiments, the focusing module 121 includes a liquid lens. The liquid lens has multiple focal lengths and is disposed in the light output path of the laser 110, and the two-dimensional scanning module 122 is disposed in the light output path of the liquid lens.

[0042] A liquid lens can change its focal length by altering the curvature of its surface through shape. A liquid lens consists of a transparent cavity filled with liquid. Its incident and / or exit surfaces are made of an elastic material, such as a flexible transparent film, allowing the curvature of the incident and / or exit surfaces to be adjusted, thus changing the focal length of the liquid lens. The curvature can be adjusted by changing the air pressure inside the transparent cavity or by other means. For example, when the air pressure inside the liquid lens is equal to the external air pressure, the light-emitting surface of the liquid lens does not deform, and the light-emitting surface of the liquid lens is flat. If the internal air pressure of the liquid lens is increased to make it greater than the external air pressure, the light-emitting surface convexes outward, thus making the light-emitting surface of the liquid lens convex. Subsequently, the curvature of the light-emitting surface of the liquid lens can be adjusted by adjusting the internal air pressure, thereby adjusting the focal length of the liquid lens and changing the focusing position of the liquid lens on the laser beam. This allows the focal point of the laser beam to change along the first direction z inside the imager 130. It can be understood that when the focal length of the liquid lens becomes shorter, the focal position of the laser beam is closer to the two-dimensional scanning module 122; when the focal length of the liquid lens becomes longer, the focal position of the laser beam is farther away from the two-dimensional scanning module 122.

[0043] In this embodiment, by using a liquid lens as the focusing module 121, the curvature of the liquid lens surface can be continuously and smoothly adjusted, thereby achieving a wide range of focal length adjustment so that the focal position of the laser beam can move along the first direction z on multiple imaging planes.

[0044] In some of these embodiments, see Figure 3 The two-dimensional scanning module 122 includes a reflection mechanism 1221 and a two-dimensional rotation mechanism 1222. The reflection mechanism 1221 is located on the light output path of the focusing module 121, and the image display 130 is located on the propagation path of the laser beam reflected by the reflection mechanism 1221. The two-dimensional rotation mechanism 1222 is connected to the reflection mechanism 1221, and the reflection mechanism 1221 has a first swing axis and a second swing axis. The two-dimensional rotation mechanism 1222 is configured to control the reflection mechanism 1221 to rotate around the first swing axis and the second swing axis respectively, so that the reflection mechanism 1221 controls the focal point of the laser beam to perform two-dimensional scanning within the target imaging plane.

[0045] The reflecting mechanism 1221 is an optical element that reflects and deflects a laser beam. It can oscillate or rotate about a first oscillation axis and a second oscillation axis, which are usually orthogonal to each other in space. When the reflecting mechanism 1221 rotates about the first oscillation axis and the second oscillation axis respectively, it can control the exit angle of the reflected laser beam in two-dimensional space.

[0046] The two-dimensional rotation mechanism 1222 refers to an electromechanical device that provides precise, high-speed driving force for the reflection mechanism 1221. The two-dimensional rotation mechanism 1222 is responsible for controlling the angle and speed of the reflection mechanism 1221's rotation around the first swing axis, as well as controlling the angle and speed of the reflection mechanism 1221's rotation around the second swing axis.

[0047] In this embodiment, the two-dimensional rotation mechanism 1222 continuously and rapidly changes the rotation angle of the reflection mechanism 1221 around two orthogonal axes, thereby controlling the focal point of the laser beam to scan within the target imaging plane.

[0048] In some embodiments, the reflection mechanism 1221 includes a first reflector. The first reflector is disposed on the light output path of the focusing module 121, the imager 130 is disposed on the propagation path of the laser beam reflected by the first reflector, and the two-dimensional rotation mechanism 1222 is connected to the first reflector. The first reflector has a first swing axis and a second swing axis.

[0049] The surface of the first reflector is coated with a high-reflectivity film, which can be used to reflect light. For example, the first reflector can be an aluminum reflector, which includes a glass substrate and an aluminum film coated on the surface of the glass substrate, thus enabling the aluminum reflector to reflect light.

[0050] In this embodiment, by using a first reflector as the reflection structure, compared to the structure of multiple reflectors combined to form the reflection mechanism 1221, the number of optical devices is reduced, the structure of the optical system is simplified, the system instability caused by assembly errors of multiple components is reduced, the structural stability of the entire two-dimensional scanning module 122 is improved, and the probability of failure is reduced.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first reflector is a curved reflector. The curved reflector is disposed on the light output path of the focusing module 121, the imager 130 is disposed on the propagation path of the laser beam reflected by the curved reflector, and the two-dimensional rotation mechanism 1222 is connected to the curved reflector. The curved reflector has a first swing axis and a second swing axis.

[0052] A curved reflector is a reflector whose surface reflects a laser beam is curved. The curved surface can be a free-form surface, etc. By designing the curvature of the curved reflector surface, aberrations generated during laser beam propagation, such as spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism, can be effectively corrected, improving the clarity and display quality of two-dimensional images and ensuring the subsequent synthesis of high-quality three-dimensional images. The curved shape of the reflector surface can be customized according to actual needs to ensure the focusing effect of the laser beam and adapt to the scanning range of different sized displays 130, enabling the image generation device 100 to better suit different application scenarios.

[0053] In some embodiments, the two-dimensional rotation mechanism 1222 includes a two-dimensional microelectromechanical system (MEMS). The two-dimensional MEMS is connected to the reflection mechanism 1221.

[0054] Two-dimensional microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) convert electrical signals into mechanical motion through MEMS technology, driving the reflector mechanism to rotate 1221. Its specific structure and driving method can refer to existing technologies and are not limited here.

[0055] In this embodiment, a two-dimensional microelectromechanical system (MEMS) is used to drive the reflection mechanism 1221 to achieve two-dimensional scanning. Since the two-dimensional MEMS can achieve microsecond-level response, it can perform two-dimensional scanning quickly, which can improve the scanning speed and response time compared with traditional mechanical scanning.

[0056] The following is combined Figures 2-4 The illustrated embodiment details the imaging process of the image generation apparatus 100 provided in this application. The focusing module 121 employs a liquid lens, the reflecting mechanism 1221 employs a curved mirror, the laser 110, the focusing module 121, and the reflecting mechanism 1221 are sequentially arranged in the opposite direction of the second direction y, and the reflecting mechanism 1221 and the display 130 are sequentially arranged in the first direction z.

[0057] Specifically, the imager 130 has three spaced imaging planes along the first direction z, namely imaging plane P1, imaging plane P2, and imaging plane P3. The liquid lens can first control the light-emitting surface to be flat, so that the focal point of the laser beam is at imaging plane P1, that is, the current target imaging plane is imaging plane P1. Then, the two-dimensional scanning module 122 performs two-dimensional scanning on imaging plane P1, so that imaging plane P1 presents a two-dimensional image. Next, the liquid lens can change the light-emitting surface to a convex surface, and the curvature is a first curvature, so that the laser beam... The focal point of the laser beam is located on the imaging plane P2, i.e., the current target imaging plane is the imaging plane P2. Then, the two-dimensional scanning module 122 performs a two-dimensional scan on the imaging plane P2, so that the imaging plane P2 presents a two-dimensional image. Next, the liquid lens can change the light-emitting surface to a convex surface, and the curvature is a second curvature, so that the focal point of the laser beam is located on the imaging plane P3, i.e., the current target imaging plane is the imaging plane P3. Then, the two-dimensional scanning module 122 performs a two-dimensional scan on the imaging plane P3, so that the imaging plane P3 presents a two-dimensional image.

[0058] See Figure 6After the above image is projected onto the windshield 2000, the human eye 3000 can observe virtual images S1, S2, and S3. Among them, virtual image S1 is the virtual image corresponding to the two-dimensional image presented by the display plane P1, virtual image S2 is the virtual image corresponding to the two-dimensional image presented by the display plane P2, and virtual image S3 is the virtual image corresponding to the two-dimensional image presented by the display plane P3. When the above three-dimensional scanning speed is fast enough, due to the visual persistence effect of the human eye 3000, the human eye 3000 cannot distinguish this layer-by-layer scanning process. The human eye can only observe a complete and three-dimensional image with depth. When two display planes are set to form a three-dimensional image, the human eye can observe either three-dimensional image one formed by display planes P1 and P2, or three-dimensional image two formed by display planes P2 and P3, and the distance between three-dimensional image one and three-dimensional image two is different from the human eye. When three display planes are set to form a three-dimensional image, the human eye can observe either three-dimensional image one or three-dimensional image two. The first curvature and the second curvature can be set according to actual needs.

[0059] For ease of explanation, the above example illustrates the case where the display 130 has three display planes. The two-dimensional image of each display plane can correspondingly form a virtual image that can be observed by the human eye, thus the three display planes can form three virtual images. In other embodiments, the display 130 can have more consecutive display planes, thereby forming more virtual images that can be observed by the human eye.

[0060] In this embodiment, the scanning module 120 performs a three-dimensional scan of the focal point of the laser beam, which excites the fluorescent materials in multiple imaging planes in the imager 130, generating multiple two-dimensional images at multiple locations. When applied to the head-up display 1000, multiple virtual images can be observed by the human eye 3000, realizing imaging at continuous distances or at multiple focal points, improving the three-dimensional display effect. This allows augmented reality display information such as navigation arrows to be perfectly integrated into any depth of the real world, greatly enhancing driving safety and immersive experience.

[0061] Secondly, this application provides a head-up display 1000, see reference. Figure 5 The head-up display 1000 includes an image generating apparatus 100 and a reflecting device 200 as described in any embodiment of the first aspect. The reflecting device 200 is disposed in the light exit path of the image generating apparatus 100. The reflecting device 200 is configured to reflect an image beam.

[0062] In this embodiment, the image generating apparatus 100 has the same structure and function as the image generating apparatus 100 described in any embodiment of the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0063] In some of these embodiments, see Figure 6The reflecting device 200 includes a second reflecting mirror 210 and a third reflecting mirror 220. The second reflecting mirror 210 is disposed on the light output path of the image generating device 100, and the third reflecting mirror 220 is disposed on the propagation path of the image beam reflected by the second reflecting mirror 210.

[0064] The surfaces of the second reflector 210 and the third reflector 220 are coated with a high-reflectivity film, which can be used to reflect light. For example, the second reflector 210 and the third reflector 220 can be aluminum reflectors, which include a glass substrate and an aluminum film coated on the surface of the glass substrate. Thus, the aluminum reflector can be used to reflect light. Furthermore, the reflecting surfaces of the second reflector 210 and the third reflector 220 can be planar or curved, and the curved surface can be a freeform surface, etc. In this way, the reflecting surfaces of the first reflector and the second reflector 210 can be designed to shape the image beam and correct aberrations.

[0065] For details, please continue reading. Figure 3 The second reflector 210 is a plane reflector, and the third reflector 220 is a concave reflector, with the reflecting surface of the concave reflector being concave. In this head-up display 1000, multiple image beams generated by the display 130 can be reflected by the second reflector 210 to the third reflector 220, and then reflected out by the concave reflecting surface of the third reflector 220. If the head-up display 1000 is installed in a vehicle, the image beams can be reflected by the second reflector 210 to the windshield 2000, and the human eye 3000 can observe multiple virtual images through the windshield 2000.

[0066] In this embodiment, by setting the second reflector 210 and the third reflector 220, the display effect of the head-up display 1000 can be adjusted by adjusting the surface type of the reflectors. Furthermore, by adjusting the surface type and position of the second reflector 210 and the third reflector 220, the position of the image beam reaching the windshield 2000 after being reflected by the reflecting device 200 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the position of the virtual image observed by the human eye 3000 and improving the design flexibility of the head-up display 1000.

[0067] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a means of transportation, which includes a windshield 2000 and a head-up display 1000 as described in any embodiment of the second aspect; the windshield 2000 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the head-up display 1000.

[0068] In this embodiment, the head-up display 1000 has the same structure and function as the head-up display 1000 described in any embodiment of the second aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0069] It should be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them; under the concept of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of this application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity; although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An image generation apparatus, characterized in that, include: Laser, scanning module and display; The scanning module is located on the light output path of the laser, and the display is located on the light output path of the scanning module; The laser is configured to emit a laser beam; The display has multiple continuous display planes inside along a first direction, the display planes being perpendicular to the first direction, and the display planes containing fluorescent material. The scanning module is configured to control the focus of the laser beam to move in the first direction so that the laser beam is focused on the target imaging plane, and to control the focus of the laser beam to perform two-dimensional scanning in the target imaging plane so that the laser beam excites the fluorescent material in the target imaging plane to generate an image beam with two-dimensional image information, wherein the target imaging plane is one of the plurality of consecutive imaging planes.

2. The image generation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by, The scanning module includes a focusing module and a two-dimensional scanning module; The focusing module is located on the light output path of the laser, the two-dimensional scanning module is located on the light output path of the focusing module, and the display is located on the light output path of the two-dimensional scanning module. The focusing module is configured to control the focal point of the laser beam to move in the first direction so that the laser beam is focused on the target imaging plane; The two-dimensional scanning module is configured to control the focus of the laser beam to perform a two-dimensional scan within the target imaging plane, so that the laser beam excites fluorescent material within the target imaging plane to generate a two-dimensional image.

3. The image generation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein The focusing module includes a liquid lens; The liquid lens has multiple focal lengths and is positioned on the light output path of the laser. The two-dimensional scanning module is also positioned on the light output path of the liquid lens.

4. The image generation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein The two-dimensional scanning module includes a reflection mechanism and a two-dimensional rotation mechanism; The reflecting mechanism is located on the light output path of the focusing module, the display is located on the propagation path of the laser beam reflected by the reflecting mechanism, the two-dimensional rotating mechanism is connected to the reflecting mechanism, and the reflecting mechanism has a first swing axis and a second swing axis. The two-dimensional rotation mechanism is configured to control the reflection mechanism to rotate around the first swing axis and the second swing axis respectively, so that the reflection mechanism controls the focus of the laser beam to perform two-dimensional scanning in the target imaging plane.

5. The image generation apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by The reflecting mechanism includes a first reflecting mirror; The first reflector is located on the light output path of the focusing module, the imager is located on the propagation path of the laser beam reflected by the first reflector, the two-dimensional rotation mechanism is connected to the first reflector, and the first reflector has a first swing axis and a second swing axis.

6. The image generation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein The first reflecting mirror is a curved reflecting mirror; The curved reflector is located on the light output path of the focusing module, the imager is located on the propagation path of the laser beam reflected by the curved reflector, the two-dimensional rotation mechanism is connected to the curved reflector, and the curved reflector has a first swing axis and a second swing axis.

7. The image generation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein The two-dimensional rotation mechanism includes a two-dimensional microelectromechanical system; The two-dimensional microelectromechanical system is connected to the reflection mechanism.

8. A head-up display, characterized by Includes the image generating apparatus and the reflection device as described in any one of claims 1-7; The reflecting device is located on the light output path of the image generating device; The reflecting device is configured to reflect the image beam.

9. The head-up display of claim 8, wherein, The reflecting device includes a second reflector and a third reflector; The second reflector is disposed on the light output path of the image generating device, and the third reflector is disposed on the propagation path of the image beam reflected by the second reflector.

10. A vehicle, characterized by Including a windshield and a head-up display as described in claim 8 or 9; The windshield is located on the light-emitting side of the head-up display.

Images