A switching structure and energy storage system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a switch structure and energy storage system, switch structure is used for controlling the operation of charge -discharge circuit, and charge -discharge circuit includes main loop and precharge circuit, and main loop includes at least two branch circuits, this switch structure includes: main switch, this main switch includes the first switch of setting respectively for each branch circuit, and each first switch is respectively connected in series on the corresponding branch circuit, second switch, this second switch is connected in parallel with precharge circuit, and this second switch is connected in series with one of first switch on the branch circuit of this one of first switch, relay, this relay is connected in series on precharge circuit. The setting of relay provides the hardware foundation for main switch to realize no -load closure, when needing to close main loop, only need to make first switch close prior to relay, can, make the utility model not only can satisfy the safety requirement, still reduce the equipment maintenance cost through reducing the contact adhesion failure rate of main switch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of switch technology, and in particular to a switch structure and energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of energy storage systems, the switching structure of battery clusters plays a crucial role in controlling the operating state of charging and discharging circuits. Currently, a typical charging and discharging circuit architecture includes two key parts: the main circuit and the pre-charging circuit. As a critical protection circuit in energy storage and charging applications, the pre-charging circuit pre-charges capacitive or near-capacitive loads (such as capacitors and battery packs) before the main circuit is turned on. The main circuit is then turned on only after the current stabilizes to a safe threshold, thereby effectively suppressing the surge current that may be generated at the moment the circuit is turned on and protecting circuit components from damage.

[0003] However, in actual operation, we have discovered a significant technical flaw in the existing design: when the main switch of the main circuit is closed while the pre-charging circuit is conducting, the presence of the pre-charging circuit causes the main switch to close under load, potentially leading to contact sticking due to excessive current. If this occurs, the main switch will be unable to reliably disconnect when the main circuit needs to be broken, severely impacting equipment operational safety and posing a threat to the personal safety of operators. More importantly, because the main switch contacts are typically made of high-performance conductive materials and usually have arc-damping capabilities, the replacement cost is very high once contact sticking occurs, significantly increasing the overall maintenance cost of the equipment. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model addresses the technical problems existing in the prior art by providing a switch structure and energy storage system. Through structural optimization, it not only meets the control functions of the charging and discharging circuit, but also provides the hardware foundation for the main switch on the main circuit to achieve no-load closure, thereby reducing costs and meeting safety requirements.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is: a switch structure for controlling the operation of a charging and discharging circuit, wherein the charging and discharging circuit includes a main circuit and a pre-charging circuit, and the main circuit includes at least two branches; the switch structure includes:

[0006] The main switch includes a first switch for each branch, and each first switch is connected in series on the corresponding branch.

[0007] The second switch is connected in parallel with the pre-charging circuit, and the second switch is connected in series with one of the first switches on the branch where one of the first switches is located;

[0008] A relay, which is connected in series in the pre-charging circuit.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a drive mechanism connected to the first switch, the second switch, and the relay, and configured to control the first switches to close or open synchronously, and to control the first switch, the relay, and the second switch to close sequentially; the drive mechanism is also configured to control the first switch to open before the second switch, and the relay to open after the second switch is closed.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the driving mechanism includes a motor, a transmission assembly, and a main control board. The motor is connected to the first switch and the second switch through the transmission assembly to drive the first switch and the second switch to close or open. The coils of the motor and the relay are electrically connected to the main control board.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the relay is a normally open relay with auxiliary contacts, or the relay is a changeover relay, or the relay is a forced-guided relay.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the first switch includes two first pins, the second switch includes two second pins, and the relay includes two third pins. One of the first pins of the first switch, one of the second pins of the second switch, and one of the third pins of the relay are electrically connected or integrally formed. The relay also includes a fourth pin, which is integrally formed or electrically connected to another second pin of the second switch, and the fourth pin and the other third pin of the relay are respectively electrically connected to the two ends of the pre-charging circuit.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a housing, in which the first switch, the second switch, and the relay are disposed. The other first pin of one of the first switches, the two first pins of the remaining first switches, the fourth pin, and the other third pin of the relay extend outside the housing.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the first switch includes a first contact support, two first stationary contacts, and a first moving contact mounted on the first contact support, with each of the two first stationary contacts having a first pin; the second switch includes a second contact support, two second stationary contacts, and a second moving contact mounted on the second contact support, with each of the two second stationary contacts having a second pin; the motor is connected to the first contact support and the second contact support through the transmission assembly to drive the first contact support and the second contact support to rotate, and the first contact support, by rotating, drives the first moving contact to simultaneously close or open with the two first stationary contacts, and the second contact support, by rotating, drives the second moving contact to simultaneously close or open with the two second stationary contacts.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the transmission assembly includes a drive shaft driven by the motor, a first drive wheel for supporting rotation of the first contact, and a second drive wheel for supporting rotation of the second contact. The first drive wheel is fixed coaxially with the drive shaft, and the second drive wheel is sleeved outside the drive shaft and has a free stroke between it and the first drive wheel and / or the drive shaft, so that the drive shaft controls the rotation of the first drive wheel and the second drive wheel in a time-sequential manner.

[0016] The transmission assembly further includes a first driven wheel, a second driven wheel, a first energy storage component, and a second energy storage component. The first driving wheel is drivenly connected to the first driven wheel. The first driven wheel stores energy through rotation in conjunction with the first energy storage component. The first energy storage component drives the first contact to support rotation by releasing the stored energy. The second driving wheel is drivenly connected to the second driven wheel. The second driven wheel stores energy through rotation in conjunction with the second energy storage component. The second energy storage component drives the second contact to support rotation by releasing the stored energy.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, there are two branches, namely a main positive branch and a main negative branch; a resistor is connected in series on the pre-charging circuit; and there are two first switches.

[0018] This utility model also provides an energy storage system, including a charging and discharging circuit, which includes a main circuit and a pre-charging circuit, characterized in that it further includes a switching structure as described in this utility model above.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The switch structure of this utility model includes a first switch, a second switch, and a relay. This switch structure not only fulfills the basic control functions of the charging and discharging circuit, but also provides the hardware foundation for the main switch to achieve no-load closure through the relay. Specifically, when the main circuit needs to be closed, the first switch only needs to close before the relay to achieve the main switch closing in the no-load state. This effectively avoids contact sticking faults that occur when the main switch closes under load. Therefore, this utility model not only meets safety regulations but also significantly reduces equipment maintenance costs by reducing the contact sticking failure rate of the main switch. Since the relay is located in the pre-charging circuit, where the current is low, the relay does not need to perform isolation functions and has advantages such as small size, low cost, high reliability, low power consumption, fast response speed, and long service life. Therefore, even if the relay experiences contact sticking or other faults, its replacement or repair costs are relatively controllable, thereby reducing the overall equipment maintenance cost.

[0021] 2. The relays should preferably be normally open relays, changeover relays, or forced-guided relays with auxiliary contacts. This allows the relay to detect whether there is contact sticking through its own structure, thereby immediately identifying the fault and ensuring the safe operation of the entire equipment.

[0022] 3. As a preferred embodiment, the present invention also includes a drive mechanism, which controls the closing sequence of the first switch, the second switch, and the relay, enabling the present invention to achieve automated control and providing strong support for the efficient operation and precise operation of the equipment.

[0023] 4. The relevant pins of the first switch, second switch, and relay are pre-connected or integrally formed, allowing the first switch, second switch, and relay to be pre-assembled together. This simplifies the connection process and reduces the possibility of pin connection errors when the switch structure is applied to charging and discharging circuits. In particular, the first switch, second switch, and relay are integrated into a single housing, resulting in a simpler and more aesthetically pleasing overall structure.

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments; however, the switch structure and energy storage system of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the switch structure and the charging / discharging circuit of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the switch structure of this utility model. Figure 1 (Reflecting on a local aspect);

[0027] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the switch structure of this utility model. Figure 2 (Reflecting on a local aspect);

[0028] Figure 4 This is a top view of the first switch, the second switch, and the relay of this utility model in a combined state;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first switch, the second switch, and the relay of this utility model in a combined state;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the various switches and the base shell of this utility model in an assembled state;

[0031] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Top view;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the switch structure of this utility model. Figure 1 (Reflecting on a local aspect);

[0033] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the switch structure of this utility model. Figure 2 (Reflecting on a local aspect);

[0034] In the diagram, 1. First switch; 11. First contact support; 12. First moving contact; 13. First stationary contact; 131. First pin; 14. Contact spring; 2. Second switch; 21. First contact support; 22. Second moving contact; 23. Second stationary contact; 231. Second pin; 3. Drive mechanism; 31. Motor; 32. Drive shaft; 321. Limiting protrusion; 322. Operating hole; 33. First drive wheel; 34. Second drive wheel; 341. Stroke groove; 35. First... 36. Driven wheel; 37. Second driven wheel; 38. First energy storage component; 39. Second energy storage component; 30. Main control board; 310. Gear reducer; 4. Arc extinguishing body; 5. Arc isolation component; 6. Relay; 61. Third pin; 7. Charging and discharging circuit; 72. Main positive branch; 73. Main negative branch; 74. Pre-charging circuit; 8. Operating handle; 9. Housing; 91. Top cover; 92. First middle shell; 93. Second middle shell; 94. Bottom cover; 10. Battery pack; 20. Power inverter system. Detailed Implementation

[0035] In this invention, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish similar objects, not to describe a specific order or sequence, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In this invention, unless otherwise stated, "at least two" or "more than" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0036] Please see Figures 1-9As shown, this utility model discloses a switch structure for controlling the operation of a charging and discharging circuit 7, specifically for controlling the operating state of the charging and discharging circuit 7 of an energy storage system. The charging and discharging circuit 7 includes a main circuit and a pre-charging circuit 73. The main circuit includes at least two branches, and the current in the main circuit is at a high current level. The current in the pre-charging circuit 73 is at a low current level. The high current is the rated operating current, typically greater than or equal to 100A, and the low current is less than the rated operating current, typically less than 100A, but not limited to this. The switch structure of this utility model includes a main switch, a second switch 2, and a relay 6. The main switch includes a first switch 1 corresponding to each branch of the main circuit, with each first switch 1 connected in series on its respective branch. The second switch 2 is connected in parallel with the pre-charging circuit 73, and is also connected in series with one of the first switches 1 on the branch containing that first switch 1. The relay 6 is connected in series with the pre-charging circuit 73. During operation, the first switch 1, the second switch 2, and the relay 6 close or open in a predetermined sequence. Specifically, each of the first switches 1 closes or opens synchronously. When the main circuit needs to be closed, the first switch 1, relay 6, and second switch 2 close sequentially. Relay 6 can open after the second switch 2 closes, but is not limited to this. In other embodiments, relay 6 can open after the first switch 1 opens, or open synchronously with relay 6. When the main circuit needs to be disconnected, the first switch 1 opens before the second switch 2, thus eliminating the need for arc-extinguishing functionality in the second switch 2, simplifying its structure, and consequently reducing overall size and cost.

[0037] In this embodiment, the main circuit has two branches as an example, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the two branches are the main positive branch 71 and the main negative branch 72. The main positive branch 71 is a circuit connected between the positive terminal of the battery pack 10 of the energy storage system and the positive terminal of the power inverter system 20. The main negative branch 72 is a circuit connected between the negative terminal of the battery pack 10 and the negative terminal of the power inverter system 20. A resistor R1 is connected in series on the pre-charging circuit 73, and the resistor R1 has a current-limiting function. Therefore, there are also two first switches 1, and the second switch 2 is connected in series with one of the first switches 1 on the main positive branch 71. In other embodiments, the main circuit is an AC circuit. In this case, its branches are set to two or more. Specifically, the main circuit may include at least two of the following: A-phase branch, B-phase branch, C-phase branch, etc.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, relay 6 is a normally open relay with auxiliary contacts, a changeover relay, or a forced-direction relay. This allows the relay to detect whether contact sticking occurs through its own structure, thereby immediately identifying the fault and ensuring the safe operation of the entire device. When relay 6 is a normally open relay with auxiliary contacts, its normally open contact group is connected in series with the pre-charging circuit 73. Thus, the opening and closing state of the normally open contact group can be detected using the opening and closing state of the auxiliary contacts, thereby determining whether contact sticking has occurred. When relay 6 is a changeover relay, it has normally closed contact groups and normally open contact groups, and the normally closed and normally open contact groups share a common terminal. In application, its normally open contact group is connected in series with the pre-charging circuit 73. Its normally closed contact group can be used as auxiliary contacts, that is, the opening and closing state of the normally closed contact group is used to feedback the opening and closing state of the normally open contact group, thereby similarly determining whether contact sticking has occurred. When relay 6 is a forced-direction relay, it has independent normally closed contact groups and normally open contact groups. In application, its normally open contact group is connected in series to the pre-charging circuit 73. Due to the forced-direction effect, when the normally open contact group sticks together, the normally closed contact group will not be able to close. Therefore, its normally closed contact group can be used as an auxiliary contact. The opening and closing state of the normally closed contact group can be used to feedback the opening and closing state of the normally open contact group. Similarly, it can be determined whether the normally open contact group has a contact sticking situation.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention further includes a drive mechanism 3, which is connected to the first switch 11, the second switch 22, and the relay 6, and is configured to control the first switch 1, the second switch 22, and the relay 6 to close or open in the aforementioned sequence. Specifically, the drive mechanism 3 controls each of the first switches 1 to close or open synchronously, controls the first switch 1, the relay 6, and the second switch 2 to close sequentially, controls the first switch 1 to open before the second switch 2, and controls the relay 6 to open after the second switch 2 closes. The drive mechanism 3 is preferably an electronically controlled mechanism. This drive mechanism 3 enables the present invention to achieve automated control, providing a strong guarantee for the efficient operation and precise operation of the equipment. In other embodiments, at least one of the first switch 1, the second switch 2, and the relay 6 is manually driven to close or open.

[0040] The drive mechanism 3 specifically includes a motor 31, a transmission assembly, and a main control board 39. The motor 31 is connected to the first switch 1 and the second switch 2 through the transmission assembly to drive the first switch 1 and the second switch 2 to close or open. The coils of the motor 31 and the relay 6 are electrically connected to the main control board 39, enabling the main control board 39 to control whether the motor 31 and the relay coil are energized, thereby controlling the opening and closing sequence of each switch. Specifically, the main control board 39 may include a timing control circuit for outputting control signals to control the switching states of the first switch 1, the second switch 2, and the relay 6.

[0041] Each first switch 1 includes two first pins 131, each second switch 2 includes two second pins 231, and each relay 6 includes two third pins 61. One first pin 131 of one first switch 1 (i.e., the first switch 1 on the main positive branch 71), one second pin 231 of the second switch 2, and one third pin 61 of the relay 6 are electrically connected or integrally formed. Specifically, in this embodiment, one first pin 131 of one first switch 1 (i.e., the first switch 1 on the main positive branch 71) is integrally formed with one second pin 231 of the second switch 2 and electrically connected to one third pin 61 of the relay 6 (e.g., riveting or welding) as an example, but this is not limited to this. This design allows the first switch 1, the second switch 2, and the relay 6 to be pre-assembled, thereby simplifying the connection process and reducing the occurrence of pin connection errors when the switch structure is applied to the charging / discharging circuit 7. It also includes a fourth pin 232. Another second pin 231 of the second switch 2 is integrally formed with or electrically connected to the fourth pin 232. The fourth pin 232 and another third pin 61 of the relay 6 are electrically connected to the two ends of the pre-charging circuit 73, respectively.

[0042] Both the first switch 1 and the second switch 2 are contact assemblies. Specifically, the first switch 1 includes a first contact support 11, a first moving contact 12 mounted on the first contact support 11, and two first stationary contacts 13, each of which has a first pin 131. The second switch 2 includes a second contact support 21, a second moving contact 22 mounted on the second contact support 21, and two second stationary contacts 23, each of which has a second pin 231. In this embodiment, the first stationary contact 13 and the first pin 131 are integrally formed, and the second stationary contact 23 and the second pin 231 are integrally formed, but this is not limited to this. In other embodiments, the integral forming method can be replaced by electrical connection methods such as riveting or welding. Since one of the first pins 131 of the first switch 1 on the main positive branch 71 is integrally formed with one of the second pins 231 of the second switch 2, one of the first stationary contacts 13 of the first switch 1 on the main positive branch 71 is also integrally formed with one of the first stationary contacts 13 of the second switch 2. Specifically, in this embodiment, one of the first stationary contacts 13 of the first switch 1 on the main positive branch 71 is integrally formed with one of the first stationary contacts 13 of the second switch 2 through its first pin 131.

[0043] The motor 31 is connected to the first contact support 11 and the second contact support 21 via a transmission assembly, driving the first contact support 11 and the second contact support 21 to rotate. This rotation causes the first contact support 11 to simultaneously close or open with the first moving contact 12 and the two first stationary contacts 13, and the rotation of the second contact support 21 to simultaneously close or open with the second moving contact 22 and the two second stationary contacts 23. There are two first moving contacts 12, arranged side-by-side along the rotation axis of the first contact support 11 with a gap between them. At least one first moving contact 12 is connected to the first contact support 11 by a contact spring 14, which causes the two first moving contacts 12 to clamp the two first stationary contacts 13. Similarly, there are also two second moving contacts 22.

[0044] The transmission assembly includes a drive shaft 32 driven by a motor 31, a first drive wheel 33 for rotating the first contact support 11, and a second drive wheel 34 for rotating the second contact support 21. The first drive wheel 33 is coaxially fixed to the drive shaft 32, and the second drive wheel 34 is sleeved on the drive shaft 32, with a free travel distance between it and the first drive wheel 33 and / or the drive shaft 32. This allows the drive shaft 32 to control the rotation of the first drive wheel 33 and the second drive wheel 34 in a time-sequential manner, thereby enabling the first switch 1 and the second switch 2 to close or open sequentially. Specifically, the inner hole of the second drive wheel 34 has a travel groove 341, and the first drive wheel 33 and / or the drive shaft 32 have a limiting protrusion 321 corresponding to the travel groove 341. The limiting protrusion 321 rotatably engages within the travel groove 341, and the free travel is achieved by the movement of the limiting protrusion 321 between the two ends of the travel groove 341 in the circumferential direction. In this embodiment, there are two travel grooves 341, which are arranged opposite to each other, but this is not a limitation.

[0045] The transmission assembly also includes a first driven wheel 35, a second driven wheel 36, a first energy storage component 37, and a second energy storage component 38. The first driving wheel 33 is driven by the first driven wheel 35. The first driven wheel 36 stores energy through rotation in conjunction with the first energy storage component 37. The first energy storage component 37 releases its stored energy to drive the first contact support 11 to rotate, thus closing or opening the first switch 1. The second driving wheel 34 is driven by the second driven wheel 36. The second driven wheel 36 stores energy through rotation in conjunction with the second energy storage component 38. The second energy storage component 38 releases its stored energy to drive the second contact support 21 to rotate, thus closing or opening the second switch 2. This achieves instantaneous connection and disconnection of the first switch 1 and the second switch 2, avoiding the adverse effects of a long contact arc burning time caused by the slow operating speed of the motor 31.

[0046] In this embodiment, the first driving wheel 33, the second driving wheel 34, the first driven wheel 35, and the second driven wheel 36 are gears. The first driving wheel 33 meshes with the first driven wheel 35, and the second driving wheel 34 meshes with the second driven wheel 36.

[0047] The power source for the first energy storage component 37 and the second energy storage component 38 is a motor 31, thus requiring a relatively high motor power. However, a high-power motor also results in a larger size. Due to space constraints, this invention utilizes the principle of a reducer to design a geared motor. This geared motor employs multi-stage gears for speed reduction, increasing the output torque while maintaining the rotational speed of the final gear. Therefore, the motor 31 of this invention is connected to the drive shaft 32 via a gear reducer 310.

[0048] This utility model also includes a housing 9, within which the first switch 1, the second switch 2, the relay 6, and the drive mechanism 33 are respectively disposed. The housing 9 serves both as a supporting carrier for the first switch 1, the second switch 2, and the drive mechanism 33, and as an external component of the switch structure. Therefore, the aforementioned drive shaft is rotatably connected to the housing 9, and the other first pin 131 of each first switch, the other second pin 231 of each second switch, and the other third pin 61 of the relay 6 are exposed outside the housing 9 for easy assembly and connection. In this embodiment, the housing 9 is specifically composed of a top cover 91, a first middle shell 92, a second middle shell 93, and a bottom cover 94.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment, one end of the drive shaft 32 can be manually driven to rotate. The present invention also includes an operating handle 8 that can be housed on the housing 9. The operating handle 8 is approximately L-shaped, and one end of it is used to pass through the housing and insert into the operating hole 322 provided at one end of the drive shaft 32 to drive the drive shaft 32 to rotate.

[0050] The first switch 1 of this utility model is provided with an arc-extinguishing assembly, which includes an arc-extinguishing body 4 and an arc-isolating member 5 linked with the first contact support 11. As the first moving contact 12 contacts or separates from the first stationary contact 13, the arc-isolating member 5 is located in a clearance position or a separation position. In the separation position, the arc-isolating member 5 physically separates the first moving contact 12 from the first stationary contact 13, and in the clearance position, it avoids the first moving contact 12. The arc-extinguishing body 4 is located on the side of the arc-isolating member 5 away from the clearance position in the separation position, and when the arc-isolating member 5 moves to the separation position, it pushes the arc towards the arc-extinguishing body 4. There are two arc-extinguishing assemblies, and each of the two arc-extinguishing assemblies corresponds one-to-one with the two first stationary contacts 13. Specifically, the first contact support 11 is connected to the arc-isolating member 5 through a toothed transmission structure. The arc-isolating member 5 is a hollow cover structure that covers the part of the first stationary contact 13 that is used to cooperate with the first moving contact 12 in the separation position, and its appearance is roughly fan-shaped.

[0051] In the application of this utility model, the other first pin 131 of one of the first switches 1 and the other second pin 231 of the second switch 2 are connected to the main positive branch 71, the two first pins 131 of the other first switch 1 are connected to the main negative branch 72, and the other second pin 231 of the second switch 2 and the other third pin 61 of the relay 6 are respectively connected to the two ends of the pre-charging circuit 73.

[0052] In its initial state, the first switch 1, the second switch 2, and the relay 6 of this invention are all in the open state. When it is necessary to close the main circuit, the main control board 39 controls the motor 31 to start. The motor 31 drives the drive shaft 32 and the first drive wheel 33 to rotate in the direction that closes the first switch 1 through the gear reducer 39. The first drive wheel 33 drives the first driven wheel 35 to rotate in the direction that closes the first switch 1, so that the first energy storage component 37 gradually stores energy. During this process, since there is a free stroke between the second drive wheel 34 and the first drive wheel 33, the second drive wheel 34 does not rotate.

[0053] When the energy storage spring of the first energy storage component 37 reaches its dead point (i.e., the position where the energy storage spring is about to release its stored energy), the first drive wheel 33 also completes its idle stroke relative to the second drive wheel 34, causing its limiting protrusion 321 to abut against one end of the circumferential direction of the stroke groove 341 of the second drive wheel 34. As the first drive wheel 33 continues to rotate, the energy storage spring of the first energy storage component 37 releases its stored energy, causing the first contact support 11 to rotate rapidly until both ends of the first moving contact 12 contact the two first stationary contacts 13 respectively, thus closing the first switch 1. During this process, the second drive wheel 34 also rotates under the drive of the first drive wheel 33, causing the second energy storage component 38 to gradually store energy, but the rotation of the second drive wheel 34 is insufficient to cause the energy storage spring of the second energy storage component 38 to reach its dead point. After the first switch 1 is closed, the motor 31 stops running, causing the drive shaft 32 and the first drive wheel 33 and the second drive wheel 34 on it to stop rotating.

[0054] After the first switch 1 is closed, the main control board 39 controls the relay 6 to close, enabling the pre-charging circuit 73 to conduct and charge the capacitive or near-capacitive load. When the current drops to a certain level, the battery management system detects that the voltage difference of the battery pack has reached equilibrium, and the motor 31 starts running again, driving the drive wheel and its first drive wheel 33 and second drive wheel 34 to continue rotating in the direction that closed the first switch 1, until the energy storage spring of the second energy storage component 38 reaches its dead point position. As the second drive wheel 34 continues to rotate, the energy storage spring of the second energy storage component 38 releases its stored energy, driving the second contact support 2121 to rotate rapidly until both ends of the second moving contact 22 contact the two second stationary contacts 2322 respectively, closing the second switch 2, thereby short-circuiting the pre-charging circuit 73 and allowing the main circuit to enter normal operating state. During this process, since there is a free stroke between the first drive wheel 33 and the first energy storage component 37, the rotation of the first drive wheel 33 does not affect the state of the first switch 1, that is, the first switch 1 remains closed. After the second switch 2 is closed, the main control board controls the relay 6 to open, so that no current flows through the pre-charging circuit 73, which helps to reduce power consumption.

[0055] When the main circuit needs to be disconnected, the main control board 39 starts the motor 31. The motor 31 drives the drive shaft 32 and the first drive wheel 33 to rotate in the direction that disconnects the first switch 1 through the gear reducer 39. The first drive wheel 33 drives the first driven wheel 35 to rotate in the direction that disconnects the first switch 1, so that the first energy storage component 37 gradually stores energy. During this process, since there is a free stroke between the second drive wheel 34 and the first drive wheel 33, the second drive wheel 34 does not rotate.

[0056] When the energy storage spring of the first energy storage component 37 reaches its dead position, the first drive wheel 33 also completes its idle stroke relative to the second drive wheel 34, causing its limiting protrusion 321 to abut against one end of the stroke groove 341 of the second drive wheel 34 in the circumferential direction. As the first drive wheel 33 continues to rotate, the energy storage spring of the first energy storage component 37 releases its stored energy, causing the first contact support 11 to rotate rapidly until both ends of the first moving contact 12 separate from the two first stationary contacts 13, thus disconnecting the first switch 1 and disconnecting the main circuit. During the rotation of the first moving contact 12 portion 11, the arc-blocking member 5 rotates in the opposite direction until it separates the first stationary contact 13 from the first moving contact 12. During this process, the second drive wheel 34 also rotates under the drive of the first drive wheel 33, causing the second energy storage component 38 to gradually store energy, but the rotation amount of the second drive wheel 34 is insufficient to make the energy storage spring of the second energy storage component 38 reach its dead position.

[0057] When the energy storage spring of the second energy storage component 38 reaches its dead position, as the second driving wheel 34 continues to rotate, the energy storage spring of the second energy storage component 38 releases its stored energy, causing the second moving contact 22 portion 21 to rotate rapidly until both ends of the second moving contact 22 separate from the two second stationary contacts 2322, thus opening the second switch 2 and canceling the short circuit of the pre-charge circuit 73. At this time, the entire switch structure returns to its initial state. During this process, since there is a free stroke between the first driving wheel 33 and the first energy storage component 37, the rotation of the first driving wheel 33 does not affect the state of the first switch 1, that is, the first switch 1 remains in the open state.

[0058] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model provides a switch structure that, while fulfilling the control functions of the charging and discharging circuit 7 of the energy storage system, has fewer components, a simpler structure and control logic, lower cost, and a more compact overall structure, reducing space occupation. In particular, by introducing a relay 6, this utility model enables the first switch to close under no-load conditions, effectively avoiding contact sticking faults that occur when the main switch closes under load. Therefore, this utility model not only meets safety regulations but also significantly reduces equipment maintenance costs by lowering the contact sticking failure rate of the main switch.

[0059] This utility model discloses an energy storage system, including a charging and discharging circuit 7, which comprises a main circuit and a pre-charging circuit 73. This utility model also includes the switching structure described above. In this embodiment, as... Figure 1 As shown, the main circuit has two branches, namely the main positive branch 71 and the main negative branch 72. A resistor R1 is connected in series on the pre-charging circuit 73.

[0060] For details on the structure and working principle of the switch, please refer to the previous description; it will not be repeated here.

[0061] The present invention relates to a switch structure and energy storage system. The parts not covered (such as the structure and working principle of the first energy storage component, the second energy storage component, the arc extinguishing body, etc.) are the same as or can be implemented using existing technologies.

[0062] The above embodiments are only used to further illustrate a switching structure and energy storage system of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A switching structure for controlling the operation of a charging and discharging circuit, the charging and discharging circuit comprising a main circuit and a pre-charging circuit, the main circuit comprising at least two branches; characterized in that: The switch structure includes: The main switch includes a first switch for each branch, and each first switch is connected in series on the corresponding branch. The second switch is connected in parallel with the pre-charging circuit, and the second switch is connected in series with one of the first switches on the branch where one of the first switches is located; A relay, which is connected in series in the pre-charging circuit.

2. The switch fabric of claim 1, wherein: It also includes a drive mechanism, which is connected to the first switch, the second switch, and the relay, and is configured to control the first switches to close or open synchronously, and to control the first switch, the relay, and the second switch to close sequentially; the drive mechanism is also configured to control the first switch to open before the second switch, and the relay to open after the second switch is closed.

3. The switch fabric of claim 2, wherein: The driving mechanism includes a motor, a transmission assembly, and a main control board. The motor is connected to the first switch and the second switch through the transmission assembly to drive the first switch and the second switch to close or open. The coils of the motor and the relay are electrically connected to the main control board.

4. The switch fabric of claim 1, wherein: The relay is a normally open relay with auxiliary contacts, or the relay is a changeover relay, or the relay is a forced-guided relay.

5. The switch fabric of claim 1, wherein: The first switch includes two first pins, the second switch includes two second pins, and the relay includes two third pins. One of the first pins of the first switch, one of the second pins of the second switch, and one of the third pins of the relay are electrically connected or integrally formed. The relay also includes a fourth pin, which is integrally formed or electrically connected to another second pin of the second switch. The fourth pin and the other third pin of the relay are respectively electrically connected to the two ends of the pre-charging circuit.

6. The switch fabric of claim 5, wherein: It also includes a housing, in which the first switch, the second switch, and the relay are disposed, and the other first pin of one of the first switches, the two first pins of the remaining first switches, the fourth pin, and the other third pin of the relay extend to the outside of the housing.

7. The switch fabric of claim 3, wherein: The first switch includes a first contact support, two first stationary contacts, and a first moving contact mounted on the first contact support. The two first stationary contacts are each provided with a first pin. The second switch includes a second contact support, two second stationary contacts, and a second moving contact mounted on the second contact support. The two second stationary contacts are each provided with a second pin. The motor is connected to the first contact support and the second contact support through the transmission assembly to drive the first contact support and the second contact support to rotate. The first contact support, by rotating, drives the first moving contact to simultaneously close or open with the two first stationary contacts. The second contact support, by rotating, drives the second moving contact to simultaneously close or open with the two second stationary contacts.

8. The switch fabric of claim 7, wherein: The transmission assembly includes a drive shaft driven by the motor, a first drive wheel for supporting rotation of the first contact, and a second drive wheel for supporting rotation of the second contact. The first drive wheel is fixed coaxially with the drive shaft, and the second drive wheel is sleeved outside the drive shaft and has a free stroke between it and the first drive wheel and / or the drive shaft, so that the drive shaft controls the rotation of the first drive wheel and the second drive wheel in a time sequence. The transmission assembly further includes a first driven wheel, a second driven wheel, a first energy storage component, and a second energy storage component. The first driving wheel is drivenly connected to the first driven wheel. The first driven wheel stores energy through rotation in conjunction with the first energy storage component. The first energy storage component drives the first contact to support rotation by releasing the stored energy. The second driving wheel is drivenly connected to the second driven wheel. The second driven wheel stores energy through rotation in conjunction with the second energy storage component. The second energy storage component drives the second contact to support rotation by releasing the stored energy.

9. The switch fabric of claim 1, wherein: The branch circuit is configured as two, namely the main positive branch circuit and the main negative branch circuit; a resistor is connected in series on the pre-charging circuit; and there are two first switches.

10. An energy storage system, comprising a charging and discharging circuit, the charging and discharging circuit including a main circuit and a pre-charging circuit, characterized in that: It also includes a switch structure as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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