Split modular energy storage device

Abstract

The application discloses a split modular energy storage device, which comprises a control cabinet and at least one battery cabinet, the battery cabinet comprises a first cabinet body, a plurality of battery packs, a thermal management system and a high-voltage box, the high-voltage box is electrically connected with the plurality of battery packs, and the high-voltage box is used for monitoring preset parameters of the battery packs in real time; the control cabinet comprises a second cabinet body, a PCS converter and a power distribution cabin, the second cabinet body is designed with a three-dimensional heat dissipation air duct, the high-voltage box is electrically connected with the PCS converter through a cable, a wiring channel is arranged between the second cabinet body and the first cabinet body, and the cable is introduced into the second cabinet body through the wiring channel; the energy storage device physically separates the battery cabinet and the control cabinet, realizes the function decoupling of an energy storage unit and a power conversion unit, supports a plurality of charge and discharge rates such as 1C, 0.5C, 0.25C and 0.125C through a dynamic reconfigurable design, and can reduce electromagnetic interference caused by component coupling, in particular, interference of the PCS converter on a battery management system (BMS).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of industrial and commercial energy storage technology, and in particular relates to a split-type modular energy storage device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid growth of new energy power generation and the increasing demand for energy storage in the power system, energy storage devices are playing an increasingly important role in applications such as grid frequency regulation, peak shaving, and valley filling. Traditional energy storage devices typically include battery modules and control modules. The battery modules, as energy storage units, house multiple battery packs, while the control modules, as power conversion units, control the charging and discharging of the battery packs. In practical applications, energy storage systems need to meet different charge and discharge rate requirements, such as 1 hour of high-power discharge (1C rate) for frequency regulation applications, or 2-4 hours of energy storage (0.25C-0.5C rate) for peak shaving and valley filling, while 8 hours of long-term energy storage is generally used for emergency backup.

[0003] Existing energy storage devices have the following technical problems:

[0004] First, the battery module and power control module of existing equipment are generally integrated on a single cabinet. This integrated design results in a high degree of coupling in the system architecture, which is convenient for installation and transportation and has good scalability. However, in some scenarios, it is necessary to expand the capacity of the energy storage system without expanding the power. That is, when switching from 1 hour or 2 hours to 4 hours or even 8 hours of long-term energy storage, the existing energy storage equipment lacks flexibility in terms of charge and discharge rate adaptation. It is difficult to dynamically configure according to the needs of different application scenarios. Often, it is necessary to readjust the power control system, which makes the entire system unable to switch or requires a long time to debug, thus limiting the application scope and economy of the equipment.

[0005] Secondly, the tight coupling of functional components leads to serious electromagnetic interference problems. In particular, the electromagnetic radiation generated by the high-power converter PCS during operation interferes with the signal acquisition and communication of the battery management system (BMS), affecting the stable operation and safety performance of the energy storage device. This interference not only reduces the accuracy of BMS data acquisition but may also cause system malfunctions.

[0006] Third, existing equipment has shortcomings in thermal management. The battery module and power control module are integrated into the same cabinet, resulting in a concentrated heat source and limited heat dissipation space. Especially when the PCS is operating at high power, the low heat dissipation efficiency can easily lead to overheating, affecting system performance and lifespan. Traditional heat dissipation solutions often use a unidirectional airflow design, which cannot achieve effective heat dissipation.

[0007] In addition, there are problems with the certification testing of existing equipment. Since the battery module and control module are integrated, any change to any module requires re-certification testing of the entire system, which increases the product development cycle and cost.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of energy storage device that can solve the above-mentioned technical problems, achieve physical separation of battery modules and control modules, reduce electromagnetic interference, improve heat dissipation efficiency, and have flexible charge and discharge rate adaptation capabilities. Utility Model Content

[0009] The purpose of this application is to provide a modular energy storage device to solve the aforementioned problems existing in the energy storage devices of the prior art.

[0010] To achieve this objective, the following technical solution is adopted in this application:

[0011] This application proposes a split-type modular energy storage device, which includes a control cabinet and at least one battery cabinet, wherein: the battery cabinet includes a first cabinet body, multiple battery packs and a high-voltage box, the first cabinet body is provided with a first space and a second space along the height direction, the first space is provided with multiple first storage positions along the height direction, each first storage position is used to place one battery pack, the battery packs are connected in series or in parallel, the high-voltage box is disposed in the second space, the high-voltage box is electrically connected to the multiple battery packs, and the high-voltage box is configured to at least monitor the preset parameters of the battery packs in real time;

[0012] The control cabinet includes a second cabinet, at least one PCS converter and a power distribution compartment. The second cabinet is arranged side by side with the first cabinet. The second cabinet has a third space and a fourth space along the height direction. The third space has at least one second storage position along the height direction. Each second storage position is equipped with one PCS converter.

[0013] The high-voltage box is electrically connected to the PCS converter via a cable. A wiring channel is provided between the bottom of the second cabinet and the bottom of the first cabinet. The cable is introduced into the second cabinet through the wiring channel, so that the battery cabinet and the control cabinet are physically separated, thereby realizing the functional decoupling of the energy storage unit and the power conversion unit.

[0014] Optionally, the bottom of the first cabinet is provided with a first cable routing hole, and the bottom of the second cabinet is provided with a second cable routing hole. The first cable routing hole and the second cable routing hole correspond to each other. A retractable cable routing cover is fixedly connected to the periphery of the second cable routing hole. The movable end of the cable routing cover extends toward the first cabinet and is fixed to the periphery of the first cable routing hole to form the cable routing channel.

[0015] Optionally, the first cabinet has a first door panel that can be hinged to the front, and a thermal management component for thermal management of the battery pack is provided inside the first cabinet. The thermal management component includes a cooler, circulation pipes, and multiple liquid cooling plates, wherein:

[0016] The cooler is installed on the inner side wall of the first door panel. Each liquid cooling plate corresponds to a set of battery packs. The liquid cooling plate is attached to the bottom surface of the corresponding battery pack. The cooling medium in the circulation pipeline is introduced into each liquid cooling plate and works with the cooler to perform heat exchange on each set of battery packs.

[0017] Optionally, the circulation pipeline includes a first main pipe, a second main pipe, a first connecting pipe, a second connecting pipe, and multiple sets of branch pipes, wherein:

[0018] The first main pipe and the second main pipe are vertically spaced apart and installed in the first cabinet body near the hinge side of the first door panel. The first end of the first connecting pipe is connected to the first main pipe, the second end of the first connecting pipe is connected to the liquid inlet of the cooler, the first end of the second connecting pipe is connected to the second main pipe, and the second end of the second connecting pipe is connected to the liquid outlet of the cooler.

[0019] Each set of branch pipes corresponds to one liquid cooling plate. Each set of branch pipes includes an inlet branch pipe and an outlet branch pipe. The first end of the inlet branch pipe is connected to the second main pipe, and the second end of the inlet branch pipe is connected to the inlet end of the corresponding liquid cooling plate. The first end of the outlet branch pipe is connected to the first main pipe, and the second end of the outlet branch pipe is connected to the outlet end of the corresponding liquid cooling plate.

[0020] Both the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe have a U-shaped structure. The first connecting pipe extends downward for a predetermined length and then turns back 180° to extend upward for a predetermined length to connect to the first main pipe. The second connecting pipe extends downward for a predetermined length and then turns back 180° to extend upward for a predetermined length to connect to the second main pipe.

[0021] Optionally, the PCS converter has several heat dissipation holes on its front side and a cooling fan is installed on its back side.

[0022] The second cabinet has a second door panel that can be hinged to the front and closed. An air inlet assembly is provided on the second door panel. An air outlet assembly is provided on the back of the second cabinet. Auxiliary air inlet assemblies are provided on both sides of the second cabinet near the second door panel. Auxiliary air outlet assemblies are provided on both sides of the second cabinet near the back of the second cabinet to form a three-dimensional air duct in the second cabinet. The cooling fan of the PCS converter operates, thereby introducing air into the second cabinet from the air inlet assembly and the two auxiliary air inlet assemblies and discharging it through the air outlet assembly and the two auxiliary air outlet assemblies.

[0023] Optionally, two battery cabinets are provided, which are arranged side by side on the same side of the control cabinet, and each battery cabinet contains two sets of battery clusters.

[0024] The power distribution compartment has an input interface with m1 pairs of positive and negative terminals, and an output interface with m2 pairs of positive and negative terminals, where m1 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and m2 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment can be equipped with connectors that are i times the power of the PCS, where i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The power distribution compartment is equipped with a copper busbar, a fusion distribution box, and a smart circuit breaker. The two battery cabinets are electrically connected to the PCS converter through the copper busbar. The first terminal of the smart circuit breaker is connected to the power grid, and the second terminal is connected to the AC terminal of the PCS converter.

[0025] Optionally, m1=1, m2=4, a pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment are equipped with connectors that meet 4 times the power of the PCS, and the four pairs of positive and negative terminals at the output interface of the power distribution compartment are connected together to a pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment, so that one control cabinet controls one battery cabinet.

[0026] Optionally, m1=2, m2=4, both pairs of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment are equipped with connectors that meet twice the PCS power, two pairs of positive and negative terminals of the output interface of the power distribution compartment are connected together to one pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment, and the other two pairs of positive and negative terminals of the output interface of the power distribution compartment are connected together to the other pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment, so that one control cabinet controls one battery cabinet.

[0027] Optionally, m1=4, m2=4, and all four pairs of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment are equipped with connectors that meet 1 PCS power. One pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment corresponds to one pair of positive and negative terminals of the output interface of the power distribution compartment. Each pair of positive and negative terminals of the output interface of the power distribution compartment is connected to the corresponding pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment, so that one control cabinet controls two battery cabinets.

[0028] Optionally, m1=4, m2=2, both pairs of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment are equipped with connectors that meet 0.5 times the PCS power, the first pair of positive and negative terminals of the output interface of the power distribution compartment is connected to the first pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment, and the second pair of positive and negative terminals of the output interface of the power distribution compartment is connected to the second pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment, so that one control cabinet controls two battery cabinets.

[0029] The modular energy storage device proposed in this application has the following advantages:

[0030] 1) Physically separating the battery cabinet and control cabinet achieves functional decoupling between the energy storage unit and the power conversion unit; the battery cabinet and converter cabinet can be certified and tested independently, avoiding the risk of redoing the entire system certification due to a single modification; the battery cabinet can be isolated separately when a fault occurs or maintenance is performed, avoiding the shutdown of the entire energy storage system; it can reduce electromagnetic interference caused by component coupling, especially the interference of the converter PCS to the battery management system BMS.

[0031] 2) The cooling unit of the battery cabinet's thermal management components is located on the inner wall of the first door panel, making full use of the space inside the battery cabinet door, thereby reducing the overall space occupied by the battery cabinet. When maintaining and repairing the cooling unit, only the door needs to be opened, without disassembling the liquid cooling unit inside the cabinet, which greatly facilitates the operation of the personnel. At the same time, the circulation pipeline is centrally arranged on the first cabinet body near the hinge side of the first door panel, avoiding contact between the pipeline and the electrical interface of the battery pack after the first door panel is closed, thus improving safety.

[0032] 3) By adding auxiliary air inlet components and auxiliary air outlet components to the second cabinet, a three-dimensional heat dissipation air duct system is formed, realizing coordinated airflow circulation in the horizontal and vertical directions. This significantly increases the amount of gas flowing in the cabinet per unit time, thereby greatly improving heat dissipation efficiency and ensuring the reliability of the control cabinet when operating at high power. Moreover, both the upper and lower air inlet components protrude towards the back of the second cabinet, which can quickly guide the airflow to the front of the PCS converter while ensuring normal air intake, reducing airflow loss and further improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0033] 4) It can select appropriate wiring methods according to different charging and discharging strategies of energy storage systems to meet the capacity requirements of energy storage systems with full power discharge duration of 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours and 8 hours. Through the dynamic reconfigurable design of battery cabinet and control cabinet, it supports the switching of different charging and discharging rate requirements, meets the diversified needs of high power and long-term energy storage, and improves the flexibility and adaptability of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the split-type modular energy storage device provided in the embodiments of this application in the open state;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the modular energy storage device provided in this application after the door panel has been removed;

[0036] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle;

[0037] Figure 4This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the battery cabinet of the split-type modular energy storage device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the control cabinet of the split-type modular energy storage device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a front view of the control cabinet of the modular energy storage device provided in this application embodiment with the door panel open;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a side view of the control cabinet of the modular energy storage device provided in this application embodiment with the door panel open;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a wiring diagram of the split-type modular energy storage device adapted to the 1C discharge strategy provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a wiring diagram of a split-type modular energy storage device adapted to a 0.5C discharge strategy provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0044] Figure 11 This is a wiring diagram of a split-type modular energy storage device adapted to a 0.25C discharge strategy provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 12 This is a wiring diagram of a split-type modular energy storage device adapted to a 0.125C discharge strategy provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the PCS converter of the split modular energy storage device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0048] This application proposes a split-type modular energy storage device; please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1-3As shown, the modular energy storage device proposed in this application includes a control cabinet 10 and at least one battery cabinet 20. The battery cabinet 20 includes a first cabinet 21, multiple battery packs 22, and a high-voltage box 23. The first cabinet 21 has a first space 210 and a second space 211 arranged along the height direction. The first space 210 has multiple first storage positions arranged along the height direction, and each first storage position holds one battery pack 22. The battery packs 22 are connected in series or in parallel. The high-voltage box 23 is arranged in the second space 211 and is electrically connected to the multiple battery packs 22. The high-voltage box 23 is at least configured to support the battery packs 22. Parameters are monitored in real time; the control cabinet 10 includes a second cabinet 11, at least one PCS converter 12 and a power distribution compartment 13. The second cabinet 11 is arranged in parallel with the first cabinet 21. The second cabinet 11 has a third space 110 and a fourth space 111 along the height direction. The third space 110 has at least one second storage position along the height direction. Each second storage position is equipped with a PCS converter 12. The high voltage box 23 is electrically connected to the PCS converter 12 through a cable. A wiring channel 30 is provided between the bottom of the second cabinet 11 and the bottom of the first cabinet 21. The cable is introduced into the second cabinet 11 through the wiring channel 30.

[0049] The modular energy storage device proposed in this application physically separates the battery cabinet 20 from the control cabinet 10, realizing functional decoupling between the energy storage unit and the power conversion unit. This reduces electromagnetic interference caused by component coupling, especially interference from the converter PCS to the battery management system (BMS). At the same time, the battery cabinet 20 and the control cabinet 10 can be independently certified and tested, avoiding the risk of recertification due to a single modification. When the battery cabinet 20 malfunctions or is under maintenance, it can be isolated to prevent the entire energy storage system from shutting down. Moreover, it is easy to install and has enhanced scalability.

[0050] In one implementation, a first wiring hole is provided at the bottom of the first cabinet 21, and a second wiring hole is provided at the bottom of the second cabinet 11. The first wiring hole and the second wiring hole are corresponding to each other. A retractable wiring cover 31 is fixedly connected to the periphery of the second wiring hole. The movable end of the wiring cover 31 extends toward the first cabinet 21 and is fixed to the periphery of the first wiring hole to form a wiring channel 30.

[0051] Specifically, the cable tray 31 is a corrugated tube made of metal or plastic.

[0052] As can be seen, by setting a retractable cable cover 31 around the second cable hole, a simple and reasonably designed cable channel 30 is provided; moreover, the retractable structure design of the cable cover 31 will not affect the transportation and installation of the control cabinet 10.

[0053] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, in one embodiment, a first door panel 24 is hinged to the front of the first cabinet 21. A thermal management component 25 for thermal management of the battery pack 22 is provided inside the first cabinet 24. The thermal management component 25 includes a cooler 250, a circulation pipe 251, and multiple liquid cooling plates 252. The cooler 250 is installed on the inner side wall of the first door panel 24. Each liquid cooling plate 252 corresponds to a group of battery packs 22. The liquid cooling plate 252 is attached to the bottom surface of the corresponding battery pack 22. The cooling medium in the circulation pipe 251 is introduced into each liquid cooling plate 252 and works with the cooler 250 to perform heat exchange on each group of battery packs 22.

[0054] It can be seen that by setting the cooler 250 on the inner side wall of the first door panel 24, the space inside the first door panel 24 of the battery cabinet 20 is fully utilized, thereby reducing the overall space occupied by the battery cabinet 20; moreover, when maintaining and repairing the cooler 250, only the first door panel 24 needs to be opened, which greatly facilitates the operation of the operator.

[0055] In one implementation, the circulation pipeline 251 includes a first main pipe 2510, a second main pipe 2511, a first connecting pipe 2512, a second connecting pipe 2513, and multiple sets of branch pipes. The first main pipe 2510 and the second main pipe 2511 are vertically spaced and installed in the first cabinet 21 near the hinge side of the first door panel 24. The first end of the first connecting pipe 2512 is connected to the first main pipe 2510, and the second end of the first connecting pipe 2512 is connected to the liquid inlet of the cooler 250. The first end of the second connecting pipe 2513 is connected to the second main pipe 2511, and the second end of the second connecting pipe 2513 is connected to the liquid outlet of the cooler 250. Each set of branch pipes corresponds to a liquid cooling plate 252, and each set of branch pipes includes a liquid inlet branch pipe 2514 and a liquid outlet branch pipe. 2515, the first end of the liquid inlet branch pipe 2514 is connected to the second main pipe 2511, the second end of the liquid inlet branch pipe 2514 is connected to the liquid inlet end of the corresponding liquid cooling plate 252, the first end of the liquid outlet branch pipe 2515 is connected to the first main pipe 2510, and the second end of the liquid outlet branch pipe 2515 is connected to the liquid outlet end of the corresponding liquid cooling plate 252; the first connecting pipe 2512 and the second connecting pipe 2513 are both in a "U" shape. The first connecting pipe 2512 extends downward for a predetermined length and then turns back 180° and extends upward for a predetermined length to connect to the first main pipe 2510. The second connecting pipe 2513 extends downward for a predetermined length and then turns back 180° and extends upward for a predetermined length to connect to the second main pipe 2511. This folding structure is beneficial for buffering thermal expansion and contraction stress.

[0056] Specifically, the surfaces of the first main pipe 2510 and the second main pipe 2511 are covered with a 3mm thick flame-retardant silicone insulation layer.

[0057] Specifically, both the inlet branch pipe 2514 and the outlet branch pipe 2515 are L-shaped structures. The direction of the inlet branch pipe 2514 and the outlet branch pipe 2515 is at a 30° angle to the battery pack 22, which facilitates maintenance and drainage of accumulated liquid.

[0058] Specifically, a bidirectional rotary joint 2516 is provided at the connection between the first connecting pipe 2512 and the first main pipe 2510, and at the connection between the second connecting pipe 2513 and the second main pipe 2511. Through the folding structure and the rotary joint, an anti-contact design is formed to ensure that the pipes can rotate freely when the door is opened and closed, and to prevent the pipes from squeezing the electrical interface of the battery pack when the door is closed.

[0059] As can be seen, by setting up the circulation pipe 251, the pipes are arranged as centrally as possible in the first cabinet 21 on the hinge side close to the first door panel 24, which avoids the pipes from coming into contact with the electrical interface of the battery pack 22 after the first door panel 24 is closed, thus improving safety.

[0060] Please see Figures 6 to 8 as well as Figure 13 As shown, in one embodiment, the PCS converter 12 has several heat dissipation holes 120 on its front side and a cooling fan is installed on its back side. The front side of the second cabinet 11 is hinged to a second door panel 14, which is provided with an air inlet assembly 140. The back side of the second cabinet 11 is provided with an air outlet assembly. Auxiliary air inlet assemblies 110 are provided on both sides of the second cabinet 11 near the second door panel 14, and auxiliary air outlet assemblies 111 are provided on both sides of the second cabinet 11 near the back side, so as to form a three-dimensional air duct in the second cabinet 11. When the cooling fan of the PCS converter 12 operates, air is introduced into the second cabinet 11 from the air inlet assembly 140 and the two auxiliary air inlet assemblies 110 and discharged through the air outlet assembly and the two auxiliary air outlet assemblies 111.

[0061] As can be seen, by setting an air inlet assembly 140, an air outlet assembly, two auxiliary air inlet assemblies 110 and two auxiliary air outlet assemblies 111 on the second cabinet 11, a four-way three-dimensional air duct (door + double sides + back panel) is formed, which increases the air flow speed in the cabinet and realizes coordinated airflow circulation in the horizontal and vertical directions. This significantly increases the amount of gas flowing in the second cabinet 11 per unit time, thereby greatly improving the heat dissipation efficiency and ensuring the reliability of the control cabinet when operating at high power.

[0062] In one implementation, both the auxiliary air inlet assembly 110 and the auxiliary air outlet assembly 111 extend along the height direction, and the length of the auxiliary air inlet assembly 110 and the auxiliary air outlet assembly 111 extends to the area above the top of the fourth space 111, so that the airflow for heat dissipation mainly flows through the third space 110 which is prone to heat generation, thereby achieving rapid heat dissipation of the PCS converter 12 in the third space 110.

[0063] In one embodiment, a sheet metal part 112 extending along the height direction is installed inside the second cabinet 11. The sheet metal part 112 is used at least for installing and / or isolating functional components. The sheet metal part 112 is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes 113 spaced apart along the height direction, thereby reducing the obstruction of gas by the sheet metal part 112 inside the second cabinet 11, increasing the air flow speed in the second cabinet 11, and further improving the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0064] In one implementation, the air inlet assembly 140 includes an upper air inlet assembly 1400 and a lower air inlet assembly 1401 spaced apart along the height direction. The upper air inlet assembly 1400 and the lower air inlet assembly 1401 protrude toward the back of the second cabinet 11. Under the premise of ensuring normal air intake, the airflow can be quickly guided to the front of the PCS converter 12, reducing airflow loss and further improving heat dissipation efficiency. At the same time, the two air inlets are spaced apart along the height direction of the second door panel 14, which increases the air intake volume of the air inlet and also makes room for installing other components on the second door panel 14 without occupying the external space of the second door panel 14, which is a reasonable layout.

[0065] In one implementation, the upper air inlet assembly 1400 and the lower air inlet assembly 1401 have the same structure. The lower air inlet assembly 1401 includes a first frame, on which louvers, filter cotton and inner lining mesh are installed sequentially from the outside to the inside. The first frame is detachably installed at the opening of the second door panel 14 by fixing screws. The upper air inlet assembly 1400 and the lower air inlet assembly 1401 adopt a louver structure design, which has good ventilation effect and can also prevent rainwater from entering the second cabinet 11.

[0066] In one embodiment, the auxiliary air inlet assembly 110, the auxiliary air outlet assembly 111, and the air outlet assembly have the same structure. The auxiliary air inlet assembly 110 includes an outer mesh plate, a filter cotton, and an inner mesh plate. The outer mesh plate is installed on the outside of the opening on the side of the second cabinet 11 by fixing screws, and the inner mesh plate is installed on the inside of the opening on the side of the second cabinet 11 by fixing screws. The filter cotton is installed between the outer mesh plate and the inner mesh plate.

[0067] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 9As shown, in one implementation, two battery cabinets 20 are provided, arranged side by side on the same side of the control cabinet 10. Each battery cabinet 20 contains two sets of battery clusters. The input interface 133 of the power distribution compartment 13 is provided with m1 pairs of positive and negative terminals, and the output interface 134 of the power distribution compartment 13 is provided with m2 pairs of positive and negative terminals. m1 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and m2 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The positive and negative terminals of the input interface 133 of the power distribution compartment 13 can be equipped with connectors that are i times the power of the PCS, where i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The power distribution compartment 13 is provided with a copper busbar, a fusion distribution box 130, and a smart circuit breaker 131. The two battery cabinets 20 are electrically connected to the PCS converter 12 through the copper busbar. The first terminal of the smart circuit breaker 131 is connected to the power grid, and the second terminal is connected to the AC terminal of the PCS converter 12.

[0068] Specifically, the integrated distribution box 130 has a double-layer structure, with the EMShub integrated system on the left and the EMS / BMS communication gateway on the right, such as an RS485 / CAN dual interface. When operating on the DC side, one end of the distribution box 13 is connected to the battery cabinet 20, and the other end is connected to the DC terminal of the PCS converter 12. When operating on the AC side, one end of the distribution box 13 is connected to the mains power, and the other end is connected to the DC terminal of the PCS converter 12. The intelligent circuit breaker 131 adopts three-stage protection, including overload / short circuit / ground fault protection. The PCS converter 12 is equipped with an isolating switch 121, which manages the operation of the PCS converter 12 and the connection between the battery pack and the DC terminal of the PCS converter 12. The integrated distribution box 130 provides power to the cabinet's auxiliary systems, such as air-cooled and liquid-cooled systems, sensors, etc.

[0069] Specifically, the power distribution compartment 13 is also equipped with a UPS backup power supply 132, which is configured to supply power to the control cabinet 10 after the mains power is disconnected.

[0070] As can be seen, by setting m1 pairs of positive and negative poles at the input interface of the power distribution compartment 13 and m2 pairs of positive and negative poles at the output interface, the appropriate wiring method can be selected according to the different charging and discharging strategies of the energy storage system. This meets the energy storage requirements of the energy storage system for 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 8 hours of full-power discharge, supports the switching of different charging and discharging rate requirements, meets the diverse needs of high-power and long-term energy storage, and improves the flexibility and adaptability of the system.

[0071] In one implementation, m1=1, m2=4, a pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface 133 of the power distribution compartment 13 are fitted with connectors that meet 4 times the power of the PCS, and the four pairs of positive and negative terminals at the output interface 134 of the power distribution compartment 13 are connected together to a pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface 133 of the power distribution compartment 13, so that one control cabinet 10 controls one battery cabinet 20, which can meet the full power discharge requirements of the energy storage system 1C.

[0072] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 10 As shown, in one implementation, m1=2, m2=4, both pairs of positive and negative terminals of the input interface 133 of the power distribution compartment 13 are equipped with connectors that meet twice the PCS power. Two pairs of positive and negative terminals of the output interface 134 of the power distribution compartment 13 are connected together to one pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface 133 of the power distribution compartment 13, and the other two pairs of positive and negative terminals of the output interface 134 of the power distribution compartment 13 are connected together to the other pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface 133 of the power distribution compartment 13, so that one control cabinet 10 controls one battery cabinet 20, which can adapt to the full power discharge requirement of the energy storage system at 0.5C.

[0073] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 11 As shown, in one implementation, m1=4, m2=4, and the four pairs of positive and negative terminals of the input interface 133 of the power distribution compartment 13 are all equipped with connectors that meet 1 PCS power. One pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface 133 of the power distribution compartment 13 corresponds to one pair of positive and negative terminals of the output interface 134 of the power distribution compartment 13. Each pair of positive and negative terminals of the output interface 134 of the power distribution compartment 13 is connected to the corresponding pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface 133 of the power distribution compartment 13, so that one control cabinet 10 controls two battery cabinets 20, which can adapt to the full power discharge requirement of the energy storage system at 0.25C.

[0074] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 12 As shown, in one implementation, m1=4, m2=2, and the two pairs of positive and negative terminals of the input interface 133 of the power distribution compartment 13 are equipped with connectors that meet 0.5 times the power of the PCS. The first pair of positive and negative terminals of the output interface 134 of the power distribution compartment 13 are connected to the first pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface 133 of the power distribution compartment 13, and the second pair of positive and negative terminals of the output interface 134 of the power distribution compartment 13 are connected to the second pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface 133 of the power distribution compartment 13, so that one control cabinet 10 controls two battery cabinets 20, and one PCS drives one battery cabinet, which can adapt to the full power discharge requirement of the energy storage system at 0.125C.

[0075] The electrical connection and sampling path for the modular energy storage device proposed in this application embodiment is as follows:

[0076] AC side path: Power grid → Smart circuit breaker → Grid-connected sampling transformer (voltage / current) → PCS AC input interface → PCS equipment AC side;

[0077] DC-side path: Energy storage battery cluster → DC switch → DC sampling sensor (voltage / current) → PCS DC input interface → PCS device DC side;

[0078] The PCS AC input interface is connected to the AC side of the PCS device via a cable; the PCS DC input interface is connected to the end of the DC switch near the battery via a cable; a grid-connected sampling transformer is configured on the cable between the PCS AC input interface and the AC grid-connected switch; the grid-connected sampling transformer is connected to the grid-connected parameter acquisition interface; a DC sampling sensor is configured on the cable between the PCS DC input interface and the DC switch; the DC sampling sensor is connected to the DC parameter acquisition interface.

[0079] Each PCS converter has an isolation switch at its DC input terminal to physically isolate the battery pack from the PCS circuit.

[0080] The grid-connected sampling transformer includes an AC voltage transformer for acquiring AC voltage and an AC current transformer for acquiring AC current; the AC voltage transformer is connected to the grid-connected AC voltage acquisition interface; the AC current transformer is connected to the AC current acquisition interface; the DC sampling sensor includes a DC voltage sensor for acquiring DC voltage and a DC current sensor for acquiring DC current; the DC voltage sensor is connected to the DC voltage acquisition interface; the DC current sensor is connected to the DC current acquisition interface.

[0081] The DC-side dynamic configuration of battery clusters-PCS mapping control for the split-type modular energy storage device proposed in this application is as follows:

[0082] Each battery cluster connects to the DC bus via a foldable rectangular opening made of soft rubber, and is linked through a fuse and a DC contactor. Through the coordinated control of the reconfigurable wiring copper busbar system within the power distribution compartment and the cluster-level DC switch, flexible topology connections between the battery clusters and the PCS are achieved, supporting multiple operating modes. These include allowing switching between 1:1 (single battery cluster to single PCS) or 1:N (single battery cluster to multiple PCS) modes to adapt to different charge / discharge rate requirements (such as 1 hour of high-power or 4 hours of long-term energy storage) or M:1 (multiple battery clusters to a single PCS) modes to reduce the charge / discharge rate and extend the discharge time, or M:N (multiple battery clusters to multiple PCS) modes, dynamically adjusting based on the task.

[0083] During the switching process, the pre-charge circuit at the DC input of the PCS can suppress surge current and prevent sudden changes in battery pack voltage from impacting the equipment.

[0084] Energy storage battery cabinets and energy storage control cabinets can be adapted to various scenarios of energy storage needs by adopting a three-phase four-bridge arm structure.

[0085] For 1-hour high-power scenarios, a "one-cluster dual-PCS" mode is adopted to increase the total output power through parallel connection. For example, a single energy storage battery cabinet (such as 261kWh) is connected to two 125kW PCS to achieve 1C discharge and meet the short-term high-power requirements such as frequency regulation and peak shaving.

[0086] The configuration involves four 125kW PCS units connected in parallel, with each PCS connected to a 261kWh battery cluster. The implementation steps are as follows:

[0087] The system adopts a 2N redundancy architecture, and the BMS detects and reports that the SOC of each battery cluster is 50%, with a maximum allowable charge and discharge current of 1C (250A).

[0088] When the EMS issues a transient power command (such as charging 500kW), the main controller will execute a power sharing algorithm to distribute the power to each PCS (125kW per PCS).

[0089] Each PCS adjusts the DC side voltage according to the instructions to control the battery cluster current to 125kW / 500V = 250A (1C current);

[0090] This includes fault redundancy. If the temperature of a certain battery cluster is too high, the BMS will notify the corresponding PCS to operate at a reduced rate, and other PCS will automatically compensate for the power.

[0091] In a 4-hour long-term energy storage scenario, the system switches to a "one cluster, one PCS" mode, reducing the charge / discharge rate (e.g., 0.25C) to extend the storage duration. At this point, the PCS control parameters need to be adjusted to match the battery SOC balancing strategy, and power output should be smoothly achieved through EMS scheduling commands.

[0092] The configuration involves connecting two battery clusters in parallel to a single PCS that connects to a 250kWh battery cluster.

[0093] The implementation steps are as follows:

[0094] BMS initiates the inter-cluster SOC balancing algorithm, allowing a maximum deviation of <2%;

[0095] EMS issues smooth power commands (such as constant current discharge for 4 hours);

[0096] The PCS sets the discharge current according to the instruction of 0.25C, and integrates the distribution box to monitor the current sharing of the parallel circuit in real time.

[0097] This includes thermal management linkage, where the liquid cooling system dynamically adjusts the cooler power based on BMS temperature data.

[0098] The multi-cluster, multi-PCS mode is switched to a "multi-cluster, one-PCS" mode, reducing the charge / discharge rate (e.g., 0.5C) and extending the energy storage time. At this point, it is necessary to adjust the PCS control parameters and battery cluster connection method, match the battery SOC balancing strategy, and achieve smooth power output through EMS scheduling commands.

[0099] The switching process is automated. The EMS predicts the mode switching time, the PCS enters standby mode, performs copper busbar reconfiguration connection, the pre-charging circuit works, the PCS performs soft start, and the system switches to the new operating mode.

[0100] The above embodiments merely illustrate the basic principles and characteristics of this application. This application is not limited to the above examples. Various changes and modifications can be made to this application without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of this application as claimed. The scope of protection of this application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A split modular energy storage device, characterized by, The modular energy storage device includes a control cabinet and at least one battery cabinet, wherein: The battery cabinet includes a first cabinet, multiple battery packs, and a high-voltage box. The first cabinet has a first space and a second space arranged along the height direction. The first space has multiple first storage positions arranged along the height direction. Each first storage position holds one battery pack. The battery packs are connected in series or in parallel. The high-voltage box is located in the second space and is electrically connected to the multiple battery packs. The high-voltage box is configured to monitor preset parameters of the battery packs in real time. The control cabinet includes a second cabinet, at least one PCS converter and a power distribution compartment. The second cabinet is arranged side by side with the first cabinet. The second cabinet has a third space and a fourth space along the height direction. The third space has at least one second storage position along the height direction. Each second storage position is equipped with one PCS converter. The high-voltage box is electrically connected to the PCS converter via a cable. A wiring channel is provided between the bottom of the second cabinet and the bottom of the first cabinet, and the cable is introduced into the second cabinet through the wiring channel.

2. The split modular energy storage device of claim 1, wherein, The first cabinet has a first cable routing hole at its bottom, and the second cabinet has a second cable routing hole at its bottom. The first cable routing hole and the second cable routing hole are corresponding to each other. A retractable cable routing cover is fixedly connected to the periphery of the second cable routing hole. The movable end of the cable routing cover extends toward the first cabinet and is fixed to the periphery of the first cable routing hole to form the cable routing channel.

3. The split modular energy storage device of claim 1, wherein, The first cabinet has a hinged door panel that can be opened and closed. Inside the first cabinet is a thermal management assembly for thermal management of the battery pack. The thermal management assembly includes a cooler, circulation piping, and multiple liquid cooling plates, wherein: The cooler is installed on the inner side wall of the first door panel. Each liquid cooling plate corresponds to a set of battery packs. The liquid cooling plate is attached to the bottom surface of the corresponding battery pack. The cooling medium in the circulation pipeline is introduced into each liquid cooling plate and works with the cooler to perform heat exchange on each set of battery packs.

4. The split modular energy storage device of claim 3, wherein, The circulation pipeline includes a first main pipe, a second main pipe, a first connecting pipe, a second connecting pipe, and multiple sets of branch pipes, wherein: The first main pipe and the second main pipe are vertically spaced apart and installed in the first cabinet body near the hinge side of the first door panel. The first end of the first connecting pipe is connected to the first main pipe, the second end of the first connecting pipe is connected to the liquid inlet of the cooler, the first end of the second connecting pipe is connected to the second main pipe, and the second end of the second connecting pipe is connected to the liquid outlet of the cooler. Each set of branch pipes corresponds to one liquid cooling plate. Each set of branch pipes includes an inlet branch pipe and an outlet branch pipe. The first end of the inlet branch pipe is connected to the second main pipe, and the second end of the inlet branch pipe is connected to the inlet end of the corresponding liquid cooling plate. The first end of the outlet branch pipe is connected to the first main pipe, and the second end of the outlet branch pipe is connected to the outlet end of the corresponding liquid cooling plate. Both the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe are U-shaped. The first connecting pipe extends downward for a predetermined length and then turns back 180° to extend upward for a predetermined length to connect to the first main pipe. The second connecting pipe extends downward for a predetermined length and then turns back 180° to extend upward for a predetermined length to connect to the second main pipe.

5. The split modular energy storage device of claim 1, wherein, The PCS converter has several heat dissipation holes on its front side and a cooling fan is installed on its back side. The second cabinet has a second door panel that can be hinged to the front and closed. An air inlet assembly is provided on the second door panel. An air outlet assembly is provided on the back of the second cabinet. Auxiliary air inlet assemblies are provided on both sides of the second cabinet near the second door panel. Auxiliary air outlet assemblies are provided on both sides of the second cabinet near the back of the second cabinet to form a three-dimensional air duct in the second cabinet. The cooling fan of the PCS converter operates, thereby introducing air into the second cabinet from the air inlet assembly and the two auxiliary air inlet assemblies and discharging it through the air outlet assembly and the two auxiliary air outlet assemblies.

6. The split modular energy storage device of claim 1, wherein, There are two battery cabinets, which are arranged side by side on the same side of the control cabinet. Each battery cabinet contains two sets of battery clusters. The power distribution compartment has an input interface with m1 pairs of positive and negative terminals, and an output interface with m2 pairs of positive and negative terminals, where m1 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and m2 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment can be equipped with connectors that are i times the power of the PCS, where i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The power distribution compartment is equipped with a copper busbar, a fusion distribution box, and a smart circuit breaker. The two battery cabinets are electrically connected to the PCS converter through the copper busbar. The first terminal of the smart circuit breaker is connected to the power grid, and the second terminal is connected to the AC terminal of the PCS converter.

7. The split modular energy storage device of claim 6, wherein, With m1=1 and m2=4, a pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment are equipped with connectors that meet 4 times the power of the PCS. The four pairs of positive and negative terminals at the output interface of the power distribution compartment are connected together to a pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment, so that one control cabinet controls one battery cabinet.

8. The split modular energy storage device of claim 6, wherein, With m1=2 and m2=4, both pairs of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment are equipped with connectors that meet twice the PCS power. Two pairs of positive and negative terminals of the output interface of the power distribution compartment are connected together to one pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment, and the other two pairs of positive and negative terminals of the output interface of the power distribution compartment are connected together to the other pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment, so that one control cabinet controls one battery cabinet.

9. The split modular energy storage device of claim 6, wherein, With m1=4 and m2=4, the four pairs of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment are all equipped with connectors that meet 1 PCS power. One pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment corresponds to one pair of positive and negative terminals of the output interface of the power distribution compartment. Each pair of positive and negative terminals of the output interface of the power distribution compartment is connected to the corresponding pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment, so that one control cabinet controls two battery cabinets.

10. The split modular energy storage device of claim 6, wherein, With m1=4 and m2=2, both pairs of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment are equipped with connectors that meet 1 PCS power. The first pair of positive and negative terminals of the output interface of the power distribution compartment is connected to the first pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment, and the second pair of positive and negative terminals of the output interface of the power distribution compartment is connected to the second pair of positive and negative terminals of the input interface of the power distribution compartment, so that one control cabinet controls two battery cabinets.

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