Special vehicle electromagnetic shielding structure and system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of special vehicle electromagnetic shielding structure and system, including hard base layer, polyurethane foam board, first shielding layer, the hard base layer, the polyurethane foam board, the first shielding layer is sequentially arranged, the first shielding layer uses super material wave absorber.The beneficial effects of the utility model are: using composite structure, material quality is light, low-frequency band electromagnetic wave can be shielded, high-frequency band electromagnetic wave can also be shielded, wide application range;At the same time, electromagnetic shielding ability is strong, shielding effect is good a kind of special vehicle electromagnetic shielding structure and system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of vehicle electromagnetic shielding technology, and in particular to an electromagnetic shielding structure and system for special vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Electromagnetic shielding is a product of the development of the electronics technology industry, belonging to a relatively special category of industries. It involves components in electronic single-unit products, network hardware, instruments and meters, and wireless equipment, and is also widely used in mobile spaces such as the cabs and cabins of special vehicles. Since the early 1990s, special vehicles have undergone significant changes in raw materials, structural design, and manufacturing processes, leading to the establishment of some testing standards within the electromagnetic shielding industry, and the industry's development has become increasingly standardized.

[0003] On the other hand, the electromagnetic environment is becoming increasingly severe, especially with the rapid development of modern warfare equipment. Electromagnetic shielding has become one of the most basic performance requirements for special vehicles, serving as a specialized technology for better active protection of the occupants and equipment inside these vehicles. Electromagnetic shielding can also conceal the equipment and geographical location within the vehicle, making it difficult for external electromagnetic signals to detect and identify.

[0004] To address the urgent need for high-intensity, realistic combat exercises in the new phase, specific requirements have been put forward for such exercises under these conditions. These exercises must closely resemble actual combat, meaning they should be conducted in natural and electromagnetic environments that more closely resemble real-world conditions. In future exercises, vehicles must face increasingly severe electromagnetic shock environments. Currently, the system lacks protection against EMP weapons; if attacked by an EMP weapon, it will experience performance degradation, failure, hardware damage, or even systemic destruction, making magnetic shielding protection urgently necessary.

[0005] To cope with complex electromagnetic pulse environments and to provide an effective solution for ensuring the safety and normal operation of electronic equipment in military vehicle shelters, there is an urgent need for an electromagnetic shielding structure and system applicable to special vehicles. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems by designing an electromagnetic shielding structure and system for special vehicles. The system comprises lightweight, rigid materials and multi-layered composite materials combined into plates, which are then spliced ​​together to form a cabin. This composite structure is lightweight and, combined with highly conductive and magnetically permeable materials, can shield both low-frequency and high-frequency electromagnetic waves, making it widely applicable. Furthermore, it possesses strong electromagnetic shielding capabilities and excellent shielding effect, thus solving the electromagnetic shielding problems inherent in the electrical systems of special vehicles.

[0007] The technical solution of this utility model to achieve the above objectives is as follows: an electromagnetic shielding structure for special vehicles, comprising a multi-layer structure, characterized in that the multi-layer structure includes a rigid base layer, a polyurethane foam board, a first shielding layer, and a second shielding layer, wherein the rigid base layer, the polyurethane foam board, the first shielding layer, and the second shielding layer are arranged sequentially; the first shielding layer is made of a super-material absorber; the rigid base layer is made of at least one of carbon material and epoxy resin; the second shielding layer includes a highly conductive layer and a highly magnetically permeable layer, wherein the highly conductive layer and the highly magnetically permeable layer are arranged adjacent to each other; the highly conductive layer and the highly magnetically permeable layer are connected by conductive adhesive; the highly magnetically permeable layer is a permalloy layer or a ceramic particle layer; an inner cladding is provided on the inner side of the multi-layer structure; the multi-layer structure and the inner cladding form an overlapping structure; the highly conductive layer and the highly magnetically permeable layer of the second shielding layer are staggered, and the inner cladding connects the highly conductive layer and the highly magnetically permeable layer.

[0008] Preferably, an inner lining is provided on the inner side of the connection between adjacent multilayer structures, and the high conductive layer and the high magnetic permeability layer of the second shielding layer have different staggered lengths, with the conductive layer being longer than the high magnetic permeability layer to form a staggered structure. The inner lining connects the high conductive layer and the high magnetic permeability layer at the connection position of the multilayer structure.

[0009] Preferably, the inner lining is a rigid structure that fits perfectly with the two multi-layered staggered structures.

[0010] Preferably, the cross-section of the inner lining at the horizontal connection between adjacent multi-layer structures is inverted T-shaped.

[0011] Preferably, the highly conductive layer is at least one of a plate, cloth, or film structure, and the highly conductive layer is at least one of aluminum, copper, or silver.

[0012] Preferably, the high magnetic permeability layer is at least one of a plate, cloth, or film structure, and the high magnetic permeability layer is a permalloy layer or a ceramic particle layer.

[0013] Preferably, the metamaterial absorber of the first shielding layer is at least one of the following: low-frequency ultrathin broadband metamaterial absorber, multifunctional integrated metamaterial absorber, and three-dimensional structure metamaterial absorber.

[0014] An electromagnetic shielding system for special vehicles, characterized in that it includes plates formed from the electromagnetic shielding structure of the special vehicle, the plates being assembled into a cabin.

[0015] Preferably, the thickness of the plate is an odd multiple of 1 / 4 wavelength.

[0016] Preferably, the thickness of the plate is selected according to the following formula: T=(2n-1)λ / 4 where: n is a natural number; λ is the corresponding wavelength, and t should be controlled within 46.9mm≤T2≤50.6mm.

[0017] Preferably, it also includes a ventilation opening, which is shielded by a ventilation shielding window; the ventilation shielding window includes a ferrite layer on the surface of the ventilation shielding window body, the ventilation shielding window body is a ventilation waveguide window, and a highly conductive shielding layer is fixedly connected to the surface of the ferrite layer; the ventilation shielding window is detachably connected to the cabin body; the ventilation shielding window body adopts a hexagonal honeycomb waveguide structure.

[0018] Beneficial effects Lightweight, rigid materials and multi-layered composite materials are combined to form panels, which are then spliced ​​together to form the cabin. This composite structure is lightweight and incorporates highly conductive and magnetically permeable materials, enabling it to shield both low-frequency and high-frequency electromagnetic waves, thus having a wide range of applications. Furthermore, it possesses strong electromagnetic shielding capabilities and excellent shielding effects, solving the electromagnetic shielding problems inherent in the electrical systems of special vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic shielding structure for special vehicles described in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic shielding structure for special vehicles described in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic shielding structure for special vehicles described in Embodiment 4 of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation shielding window of the electromagnetic shielding structure for special vehicles described in Embodiment 9 of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electromagnetic shielding system for special vehicles described in Embodiment 9 of this utility model.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Rigid base layer, 2. Polyurethane foam board, 3. First shielding layer, 4. Second shielding layer, 4-1. High conductivity layer, 4-2. High magnetic permeability layer, 5. Ventilation shielding window, 5-1. Ferrite layer, 5-2. High conductivity shielding layer, 6. Detachable structure, 7. Board material, 8. Cabin, 9. Internal components. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show the electromagnetic shielding structure and working method for special vehicles.

[0026] The electromagnetic shielding structure for special vehicles includes a rigid base layer 1, a polyurethane foam board 2, a first shielding layer 3, and a second shielding layer 4. The rigid base layer 1, the polyurethane foam board 2, the first shielding layer 3, and the second shielding layer 4 are arranged sequentially. The first shielding layer 3 is made of a super-material absorber.

[0027] The rigid base layer 1 is made of at least one of carbon material and epoxy resin.

[0028] The second shielding layer 4 includes a highly conductive layer 4-1 and a highly magnetically permeable layer 4-2, which are disposed adjacent to each other. The highly conductive layer 4-1 and the highly magnetically permeable layer 4-2 are connected by conductive adhesive. An inner cladding 9 is disposed inside the multilayer structure. The multilayer structure and the inner cladding 9 form an overlapping structure. The highly conductive layer 4-1 and the highly magnetically permeable layer 4-2 of the second shielding layer 4 are disposed in staggered layers, and the inner cladding 9 connects the highly conductive layer 4-1 and the highly magnetically permeable layer 4-2.

[0029] An inner component 9 is provided on the inner side of the connection between adjacent multi-layer structures. The high conductivity layer and the high magnetic permeability layer of the second shielding layer 4 have different staggered lengths. The conductivity layer is longer than the high magnetic permeability layer to form a staggered structure. The inner component 9 connects the high conductivity layer 4-1 and the high magnetic permeability layer 4-2 at the connection position of the multi-layer structure.

[0030] The inner component 9 is a rigid structure that fits perfectly with the two multi-layered staggered structures.

[0031] An inner lining 9 with an inverted T-shaped cross-section is provided on the inner side of the horizontal connection between adjacent multi-layer structures.

[0032] The highly conductive layer 4-1 is at least one of a plate, cloth, or film structure, and the highly conductive layer 4-1 is at least one of aluminum, copper, or silver.

[0033] The high magnetic permeability layer 4-2 is at least one of a plate, cloth, or film structure, and the high magnetic permeability layer 4-2 is a permalloy layer or a ceramic particle layer.

[0034] The high-permeability metamaterial absorber is at least one of the following: low-frequency ultrathin broadband metamaterial absorber, multifunctional integrated metamaterial absorber, and three-dimensional structure metamaterial absorber.

[0035] An electromagnetic shielding system for special vehicles, characterized in that it includes plates formed from the electromagnetic shielding structure of the special vehicle, the plates being assembled into a cabin.

[0036] The thickness of the plate is an odd multiple of 1 / 4 wavelength.

[0037] The thickness of the plate is selected according to the following formula: T=(2n-1)λ / 4 where: n is a natural number; λ is the corresponding wavelength, and t should be controlled within 46.9mm≤T2≤50.6mm.

[0038] It also includes ventilation openings, which are shielded by ventilation shielding windows 5; the ventilation shielding window includes a ferrite layer on the surface of the ventilation shielding window body, the ventilation shielding window body is a ventilation waveguide window, and a highly conductive shielding layer is fixedly connected to the surface of the ferrite layer; the ventilation shielding window is detachably connected to the cabin body; the ventilation shielding window body adopts a hexagonal honeycomb waveguide structure. Example 1

[0039] An electromagnetic shielding structure for special vehicles includes a rigid base layer 1, a polyurethane foam board 2, a first shielding layer 3, and a second shielding layer 4. The rigid base layer 1, the polyurethane foam board 2, the first shielding layer 3, and the second shielding layer 4 are arranged sequentially. The first shielding layer 3 is made of a super-material absorber. The second shielding layer 4 includes a highly conductive layer and a highly magnetically permeable layer, which are arranged adjacent to each other. The highly conductive layer and the highly magnetically permeable layer are connected by conductive adhesive.

[0040] The second shielding layer 4 includes a highly conductive layer 4-1 and a highly magnetically permeable layer 4-2, which are disposed adjacent to each other. The highly conductive layer 4-1 and the highly magnetically permeable layer 4-2 are connected by conductive adhesive. An inner cladding 9 is disposed inside the multilayer structure. The multilayer structure and the inner cladding 9 form an overlapping structure. The highly conductive layer 4-1 and the highly magnetically permeable layer 4-2 of the second shielding layer 4 are disposed in staggered layers, and the inner cladding 9 connects the highly conductive layer 4-1 and the highly magnetically permeable layer 4-2. Example 2

[0041] In addition to the technical features of Embodiment 1, it also includes: An inner cladding member 9 is provided on the inner side of the connection between adjacent multilayer structures. The highly conductive layer 4-1 and the highly magnetically permeable layer 4-2 of the second shielding layer 4 are staggered, with different lengths. The conductive layer is longer than the highly magnetically permeable layer, forming a staggered structure. The inner cladding member 9 connects the highly conductive layer 4-1 and the highly magnetically permeable layer 4-2 at the connection position of the multilayer structure. The second shielding layer 4 and the inner cladding member 9 form an overlapping structure, creating a uniform structural surface for current flow and avoiding potential differences between the two interconnected metals.

[0042] The inner component 9 is a rigid structure that fits perfectly with the two multi-layered staggered structures.

[0043] The inner lining at the horizontal connection between adjacent multi-layer structures has an overall inverted T-shaped cross-section.

[0044] Multiple adjacent multilayer structures form a large-area plate while ensuring shielding continuity.

[0045] Example 3 In addition to the technical features of embodiments 1 and 2, it also includes: an inner component 9 is provided on the inner side of the connection between adjacent multilayer structures; the highly conductive layer 4-1 and the highly magnetic permeable layer 4-2 of the second shielding layer 4 are staggered, and the two layers have different lengths, with the conductive layer being longer than the highly magnetic permeable layer to form a staggered structure; the inner component 9 connects the highly conductive layer 4-1 and the highly magnetic permeable layer 4-2 at the connection position of the multilayer structure.

[0046] The inner component 9 is a rigid structure that fits perfectly with the two multi-layered staggered structures.

[0047] An inner lining with an inverted T-shaped cross-section is provided on the inner side of the horizontal connection between adjacent multi-layer structures. It fits the staggered structure as a whole, and the bottom plane is flat. The inner lining is connected to the staggered structure by conductive adhesive.

[0048] The inner component 9 simultaneously connects the two overlapping layers of the second shielding layer 4, achieving simultaneous connection of both layers of the second shielding layer 4 by a single inner component 9. The uniform structural surface formed by the overlapping structure avoids electromagnetic interference caused by this potential difference. The key to a good overlap lies in the tight contact between the metal surfaces. The overlapping structure ensures tight contact between the metal surfaces, guaranteeing that the overlap or bridging piece can withstand the expected current. To prevent electrochemical corrosion, the same metal should be used for overlapping. When using different metals for overlapping, metals located in the same group in the electrochemical series should be selected as the overlapping materials as much as possible.

[0049] The inner component 9 and the highly conductive layer 4-1 or the highly magnetically permeable layer 4-2 are made of the same material.

[0050] Example 4 In addition to the technical features of embodiments 1 and 2, the inner component 9 has an inverted T-shaped overall cross-section, but the bottom plane is concave. The inner component 9 is integrally formed and is bent to fit the staggered structure. The inner component and the staggered structure are connected by conductive adhesive.

[0051] Example 5 In addition to the technical features of Examples 1, 2, and 3, it also includes: both the high conductivity layer and the high magnetic permeability layer are plate structures.

[0052] The high conductivity layer is made of copper, and the high magnetic permeability layer is made of permalloy. Permalloy usually refers to iron-nickel alloys with a nickel content ranging from 30% to 90%. It is a widely used soft magnetic alloy. Through appropriate processing, magnetic properties can be effectively controlled, such as initial permeability exceeding 10⁵, maximum permeability exceeding 10⁶, coercivity as low as 2‰ Oersted, and a rectangularity coefficient close to 1 or close to 0. Permalloy, with its face-centered cubic crystal structure, has excellent plasticity and can be processed into ultra-thin strips of 1 μm and various application forms.

[0053] Commonly used alloys include 1J50, 1J79, and 1J85. It is known for its very high permeability, which makes it suitable for use as a core material in electrical and electronic equipment, as well as for magnetic shielding to protect against magnetic fields.

[0054] In addition to the technical features of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, Example 6 also includes: the high magnetic permeability layer is a ceramic particle layer, the ceramic particle layer uses ferrite, and the ferrite layer is a ceramic material with high magnetic permeability, which can form electromagnetic shielding.

[0055] The highly conductive layer uses a copper plate structure. Copper is a conductive metal that provides excellent electromagnetic shielding performance and is relatively corrosion-resistant, avoiding external electromagnetic interference.

[0056] The combination of a high magnetic permeability layer and a high electrical conductivity layer can effectively prevent the performance of the electrical components inside the special vehicle's housing from being affected, thus avoiding operational instability and safety accidents. It also increases electromagnetic interference protection, effectively resisting external electromagnetic interference, thereby improving the operational stability of instruments and equipment inside the special vehicle's housing.

[0057] Example 7 In addition to the technical features of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, the invention also includes: both the high conductivity layer and the high magnetic permeability layer are plate structures. The high conductivity layer is made of copper, aluminum, or silver, with copper being the most commonly used in practical applications. The high magnetic permeability layer is made of permalloy. The high conductivity layer can also be at least one of a film, cloth, or mesh structure, and the high magnetic permeability layer can also be at least one of a film, cloth, or mesh structure.

[0058] Example 8 In addition to the technical features of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, it also includes: electromagnetic wave absorption technology has been widely used in military and civilian fields, and the wave absorber based on metamaterials has the advantages of simple structure, thinness, and high absorption rate. The metamaterial wave absorber of the first shielding layer adopts at least one of the following: low-frequency ultra-thin broadband metamaterial wave absorber, multifunctional integrated metamaterial wave absorber, and three-dimensional structure metamaterial wave absorber.

[0059] A low-frequency, ultrathin, broadband metamaterial absorber with a thickness of 1 mm is developed, achieving broadband tunable absorption in the range of 0.2–7.6 GHz. A multifunctional integrated metamaterial absorber is also developed, enabling the conversion between a superlens and an absorber in the inverted THz frequency band.

[0060] The three-dimensional metamaterial absorber can switch between different functions, such as absorber, specular reflector and retroreflector, by adjusting the apex angle.

[0061] Example 9 An electromagnetic shielding system for special vehicles includes plates formed from the electromagnetic shielding structure of the special vehicle, the plates being assembled into a cabin.

[0062] The thickness of the plate is an odd multiple of 1 / 4 wavelength.

[0063] The thickness of the plate is selected according to the following formula: T=(2n-1)λ / 4 where: n is a natural number; λ is the corresponding wavelength, and t should be controlled within 46.9mm≤T2≤50.6mm.

[0064] To enable ventilation inside the cabin, the cabin also includes ventilation openings, which are shielded by ventilation shielding windows 5 to ensure ventilation without affecting the electromagnetic shielding effect of the cabin. The ventilation shielding window 5 includes a ferrite layer 5-1 on the surface of the window body, which is a ventilation waveguide window. A highly conductive shielding layer 5-2 is fixedly connected to the surface of the ferrite layer 5-1. The ventilation shielding window 5 is detachably connected to the cabin, i.e., through a detachable structure 6 such as a snap-fit ​​structure or a screw connection, facilitating cleaning. The snap-fit ​​contact surface or screw connection structure is equipped with a shielding seal to ensure sealing and shielding effectiveness.

[0065] The ventilation shielding window body adopts a hexagonal honeycomb waveguide structure. Multiple hexagonal honeycomb waveguide structures can be used to increase the electromagnetic wave reflection surface, consume the received electromagnetic waves, and thus enhance the electromagnetic shielding effect.

[0066] The ferrite layer 5-1 is a ceramic material with high magnetic permeability, which can prevent electromagnetic shielding. The highly conductive shielding layer 5-2 is made of copper or aluminum. Copper is a conductive metal that provides excellent electromagnetic shielding performance and is relatively corrosion-resistant, avoiding external electromagnetic interference.

[0067] The above technical solution only embodies the preferred technical solution of this utility model. Any changes that may be made by those skilled in the art to certain parts of it embody the principle of this utility model and fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic shielding structure for a special vehicle comprising a multilayer structure, characterized in that The multi-layer structure includes a rigid base layer, a polyurethane foam board, a first shielding layer, and a second shielding layer. The rigid base layer, the polyurethane foam board, the first shielding layer, and the second shielding layer are arranged sequentially. The first shielding layer is made of a super-material absorber. The rigid base layer is made of at least one of carbon material and epoxy resin; The second shielding layer includes a highly conductive layer and a highly magnetically permeable layer, which are disposed adjacent to each other; the highly conductive layer and the highly magnetically permeable layer are connected by conductive adhesive. The high magnetic permeability layer is a permalloy layer or a ceramic particle layer; An inner lining is provided on the inner side of the multi-layer structure; the multi-layer structure and the inner lining form an overlapping structure. The highly conductive layer and the highly magnetically permeable layer of the second shielding layer are staggered, and the inner component connects the highly conductive layer and the highly magnetically permeable layer.

2. The electromagnetic shielding structure for a special vehicle according to claim 1, wherein An inner lining is provided on the inner side of the connection between adjacent multi-layer structures. The high conductivity layer and the high magnetic permeability layer of the second shielding layer have different staggered lengths. The conductivity layer is longer than the high magnetic permeability layer to form a staggered structure. The inner lining connects the high conductivity layer and the high magnetic permeability layer at the connection position of the multi-layer structure.

3. The electromagnetic shielding structure for a special vehicle according to claim 2, wherein The inner lining is a rigid structure that fits perfectly with the two multi-layered staggered structures.

4. The electromagnetic shielding structure for a special vehicle according to claim 3, wherein The inner lining component with an inverted T-shaped cross-section is provided on the inner side of the horizontal connection between adjacent multi-layer structures.

5. The electromagnetic shielding structure for a special vehicle according to claim 1, wherein The highly conductive layer is at least one of a plate, cloth, or film structure, and the highly conductive layer is at least one of aluminum, copper, or silver.

6. The electromagnetic shielding structure for a special vehicle according to claim 1, wherein The high magnetic permeability layer is at least one of a plate, cloth, or film structure.

7. The electromagnetic shielding structure for a special vehicle according to claim 1, wherein The first shielding layer uses at least one of the following metamaterial absorbers: low-frequency ultrathin broadband metamaterial absorber, multifunctional integrated metamaterial absorber, and three-dimensional structure metamaterial absorber.

8. An electromagnetic shielding system for a special vehicle, characterized in that Includes a plate formed from any one of the special vehicle electromagnetic shielding structures of claims 1-5, wherein the plates are spliced ​​together to form a cabin; The thickness of the plate is an odd multiple of 1 / 4 wavelength; The thickness of the plate is selected according to the following formula: T = (2n-1)λ / 4 In the formula: n is a natural number; λ represents the corresponding wavelength, and t should be controlled within the range of 46.9 mm ≤ T2 ≤ 50.6 mm; It also includes ventilation openings, which are shielded by ventilation shielding windows; The ventilation shielding window includes a ferrite layer on the surface of the ventilation shielding window body, the ventilation shielding window body is a ventilation waveguide window, and a highly conductive shielding layer is fixedly connected to the surface of the ferrite layer. The ventilation shielding window is detachably connected to the cabin body; The ventilation shielding window body adopts a hexagonal honeycomb waveguide structure.

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