Straw deep ploughing mixed burying land preparation machine

Abstract

A kind of straw deep ploughing mixed burying land preparation machine, including frame, disc cutter group, strip soil loosening shovel, depth wheel and soil breaker, the disc cutter group is divided into two groups and symmetrically arranged at the lower left and right of the front end of frame;The strip soil loosening shovel is seven, is installed in the rear of disc cutter group, is arranged on the frame crossbeam using three rows longitudinal ladder type arrangement;The depth wheel is two, is symmetrically installed in the two sides of frame, and is respectively hinged by frame 0 point and frame;Soil breaker is also provided in the rear of the frame crossbeam, and the soil breaker is hinged on the rear beam of frame by tension spring.Structure is reasonable, operation is efficient, and strong adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically a straw deep tillage and land preparation machine that can realize the combined operation of straw chopping, deep tillage and burial, and soil crushing. Background Technology

[0002] Returning straw to the field is a crucial technical step in maintaining soil fertility and achieving sustainable agricultural development. Currently, common methods of straw return include plowing and burying, crushing and mixing, and mulching, but all have certain drawbacks. Returning straw to the field by plowing: Using a moldboard plow to plow straw to a deep layer results in no straw cover on the surface, making the soil susceptible to wind and water erosion; Crushing and mixing into the field: After the straw is crushed and mixed into the shallow soil, the coverage is insufficient, the soil is loose, it is difficult to compact, it is easy to destroy the granular structure, and long-term use will lead to compaction. Mixing straw with soil: Straw is cut into sections and then used as a mulch on the ground. It has strong erosion resistance, but requires high-horsepower, wide-width machinery, which is costly and inflexible, making it difficult to promote in small and medium-sized plots.

[0003] Overall, the above methods of returning straw to the field have weak adaptability and suffer from problems such as fragmented operation procedures, easy clogging of machinery, poor soil flatness, insufficient resistance to wind and water erosion, significant damage to soil structure, and strong dependence on high-horsepower tractors. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new type of land preparation machine with reasonable structure, high efficiency and strong adaptability, which can achieve integrated operation of straw chopping, deep mixing and soil crushing while ensuring straw coverage on the ground. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the above situation, in order to solve the problems existing in the above technology, this utility model proposes a straw deep plowing and burying land preparation machine with reasonable structure, high efficiency and strong adaptability, so as to overcome the problems of existing straw returning equipment such as scattered operation procedures, easy clogging of machinery, poor soil flatness, insufficient resistance to wind and water erosion, great damage to soil structure and strong dependence on high horsepower tractors.

[0005] A straw deep tillage and land preparation machine includes a frame, a disc cutter assembly, strip loosening shovels, depth-limiting wheels, and a soil-crushing roller. The disc cutter assembly is divided into two groups and symmetrically arranged on the lower front of the frame. Seven strip loosening shovels are installed behind the disc cutter assembly and arranged in three rows in a longitudinal stepped manner on the frame crossbeam. Two depth-limiting wheels are symmetrically installed on both sides of the frame and are hinged to the frame via the frame's zero point. A soil-crushing roller is also provided behind the frame crossbeam and is hinged to the rear beam of the frame via a tension spring.

[0006] According to the present application, a straw deep tillage and land preparation machine is provided, wherein the disc cutter group adopts corrugated disc cutters with an adjacent disc cutter spacing of 190mm and is mounted on the frame by C-type springs.

[0007] According to the present application, a straw deep tillage and land preparation machine is provided with a first crossbeam, a second crossbeam and a third crossbeam that are parallel to each other behind the disc cutter group. One strip loosening shovel is installed on the first crossbeam, two are installed on the second crossbeam and four are installed on the third crossbeam.

[0008] According to the present application, a straw deep tillage and land preparation machine is provided, wherein the distance between the first crossbeam and the second crossbeam is 1100mm, and the distance between the second crossbeam and the third crossbeam is ≥700mm.

[0009] According to the present application, a straw deep tillage and land preparation machine has a projected spacing of 350-410mm between the strip loosening shovels on the first, second and third crossbeams.

[0010] According to the present application, a straw deep tillage and land preparation machine includes a strip loosening shovel comprising a shovel magazine, a shovel handle, a guide plate, and a shovel tip made of hard alloy. The top of the shovel handle is connected to the shovel magazine via a pin, the shovel magazine is fixed to the frame by bolts, the shovel tip is fixed to the bottom of the shovel handle, and the guide plate is fixed to the front surface of the shovel handle above the shovel tip.

[0011] According to the present application, a straw deep tillage and land preparation machine is provided, wherein the guide plate has a smooth curved surface structure, and the curve is derived from the parametric equation Y=3×10⁻ 5 x³ - 0.0013x² + 0.44x + 5.9 is fitted.

[0012] According to the present application, a straw deep tillage and land preparation machine is provided on the depth-limiting wheel, which is also provided with a hydraulic adjustment mechanism for driving the depth-limiting wheel to rotate around the 0 point of the frame to accurately control the working depth of the whole machine.

[0013] According to the present application, a straw deep tillage and land preparation machine is provided, wherein the soil crushing roller is a grid-like cage structure assembled from strip steel plates.

[0014] After adopting the technology proposed in this utility model, the straw deep tillage and land preparation machine according to the embodiments of this utility model has the following beneficial effects.

[0015] With a reasonable structure and high operational efficiency, it is suitable for various straw return and land preparation operations, especially for small and medium-sized plots. It solves the problems of existing technologies, such as the separation of straw treatment and soil cultivation, low operational efficiency, and poor soil protection.

[0016] A novel tillage process structure for strip deep tillage and straw mulching was creatively proposed and implemented, along with a contoured curved guide plate and stepped arrangement structure optimized for soil structure and erosion resistance. A strip loosening shovel based on parametric curved surfaces and its optimal arrangement scheme were also designed.

[0017] The components are not simply assembled; rather, through unique structural design and spatial layout, a new collaborative operation process has been innovatively proposed.

[0018] After being chopped, most of the straw is used to cover the ground surface, effectively preventing wind erosion and soil fixation, and reducing wind and water erosion. The straw is not mixed into the soil in large quantities, avoiding excessive soil porosity, which is beneficial for sowing and compaction. The loosening shovel is connected by a pin shaft, which is convenient for on-site assembly and disassembly and can adapt to different operating needs. The whole machine has no power output and is only pulled by a tractor, with a simple structure and low operating cost. The strip loosening shovel deeply loosens and breaks up the plow pan, and the rear-mounted soil crushing roller ensures that the ground surface is flat and finely crushed. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a front view of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 A top view of the arrangement of strip-shaped loosening shovels; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single strip-shaped soil loosening shovel. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a depth-limited ground wheel structure; Figure 5 The curve fitting diagram for the guide plate of the strip loosening shovel; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of strip-shaped loosening shovels; In the picture, 1 rack 11 First crossbeam 12 Second crossbeam 13 Third crossbeam 14 racks at 0:00 15 rear beam 2-disc cutter set 21C type spring 3 shovels with soil loosening 31 shovels 32 shovel handle 33 guide plate 34 shovel tip 4 depth-limited ground wheels 41 Hydraulic Adjustment Mechanism 5 soil-breaking rollers 51 tension spring Detailed Implementation

[0020] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, is provided to aid in understanding exemplary embodiments of the present invention as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to aid understanding, but these are to be considered exemplary only. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, detailed descriptions of functions and structures well known in the art will be omitted to make the specification clearer and more concise.

[0021] like Figure 1-6 As shown, a straw deep tillage and land preparation machine with a tillage width of 3 meters mainly includes a frame 1, a disc cutter group 2, a strip loosening shovel 3, a depth limiting wheel 4, and a soil crushing roller 5. The components are arranged in sequence to form a continuous process of chopping, deep loosening, and soil crushing.

[0022] The disc cutter assembly is divided into two groups, symmetrically arranged along the front of the machine, positioned at the bottom of the frame. It uses corrugated disc cutters made of 65Mn steel, with a diameter of 550mm, an amplitude of 27.5mm, and a spacing of 190mm between adjacent disc cutters. The cutter shafts are connected in series with the intermediate tubes and mounted to the frame using C-type springs, providing excellent contour-following and obstacle-avoidance capabilities. Its corrugated structure effectively enhances the cutting ability of straw and improves surface flow, preventing straw entanglement and blockage.

[0023] Seven strip-shaped loosening shovels (3 units in total) are installed behind the disc cutter assembly, arranged in three rows in a longitudinal, stepped pattern on the frame crossbeams. They are used for localized deep loosening of the soil, breaking up the plow pan while avoiding large-scale damage to the soil aggregate structure. The strip-shaped loosening shovels are arranged in a specific manner on the three parallel crossbeams: one shovel in the first row, two in the second row, and four in the third row. The crossbeam spacing is 1100mm between the first and second crossbeams, and ≥700mm between the second and third crossbeams. The projected spacing B of the strip-shaped loosening shovels is 350–410mm. The reasonable spacing of each crossbeam, and the equal distribution of all loosening shovels on the projected surface, ensure uniform soil loosening and balanced tillage resistance. The shovel tips are made of hard alloy to enhance wear resistance. The guide plate has a smooth curved surface structure, the curve of which is derived from the parametric equation Y=3×10⁻ 5 The formula x³ - 0.0013x² + 0.44x + 5.9 is fitted to effectively reduce operating resistance and promote smooth soil turning. The shovel handle is connected to the shovel magazine via a pin, allowing for quick assembly and disassembly. The shovel magazine is fixed to the frame with bolts.

[0024] Two depth-limiting wheels (4) are symmetrically installed on both sides of the frame, with the hinge point located at point 0 of the frame. Each depth-limiting wheel is equipped with a hydraulic adjustment mechanism for precise control of the machine's working depth, adapting to different tillage depth requirements. It allows for stepless depth adjustment within the range of 150mm to 400mm, offering convenient operation and precise control.

[0025] The soil-crushing roller 5 has a cage-like structure with a diameter of 400mm. The frame is made of strip steel plates forming a grid structure, which is hinged to the rear beam of the frame by tension springs. During operation, it has a buffering and spring-loaded function, providing good soil crushing effect and excellent adaptability to the ground surface. The soil-crushing roller is placed behind the frame and adopts a steel plate grid cage structure. It is used to break up and level large clods of soil turned up by the loosening shovel, forming a seedbed that is loose on top and firm on the bottom, with fine crushing and flatness.

[0026] Unless otherwise expressly stated, the detailed structure and installation method of each specific component mentioned in the straw deep tillage and land preparation machine according to the embodiments of this application can be manufactured and assembled by adopting or referring to the structure and installation method of existing similar components.

[0027] According to the present application, a straw deep tillage and land preparation machine first cuts the straw and stubble during operation to prevent blockage; then the strip loosening shovel performs strip deep loosening, penetrating to a depth of 200–350 mm, breaking up the plow pan; finally, the soil crushing roller breaks up and flattens the turned-up soil to form a fine and flat surface.

[0028] According to this application, a straw deep tillage and land preparation machine integrates chopping, deep loosening, and soil breaking functions into one unit, achieving the one-time completion of straw return to the field and land preparation operations. Its core innovation lies in: 1. A novel "strip deep tillage and straw mulching" process based on the synergistic function of "cutting-loosening-crushing": This utility model is not a simple superposition of existing components, but rather a creative proposal and implementation of a new "deep tillage and straw mulching" tillage process. Through the specific sequence and spatial layout of the three components—the front-mounted chopping and anti-clogging corrugated disc cutter set, the localized deep loosening and crushing of the soil by the stepped strip loosening shovel, and the rear-mounted leveling and compaction by the cage-type crushing roller—a collaborative operation production line is formed.

[0029] This process achieves three goals simultaneously in a single operation: chopping and leaving straw on the surface (cover layer), deep plowing to break up the plow pan (deep plowing layer), and leveling the soil to form a seedbed (seedbed layer). This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional methods such as turning over, burying, crushing and mixing, and covering, which are characterized by their single function and separate processes, creating a brand-new and highly efficient integrated solution for straw return to the field and soil preparation.

[0030] 2. A "contour-shaped curved guide plate and stepped arrangement" structure optimized for soil structure and erosion resistance: The guide plate of the strip-shaped loosening shovel is not a simple plane or a general curved surface, but rather adopts a design optimized by the parametric equation (Y=3×10-5 The model is a smooth, contoured surface precisely fitted with x³-0.0013x²+0.44x+5.9. This surface design guides the soil along a specific trajectory during operation, allowing for smooth, low-resistance turning and lifting, minimizing shear damage to the soil aggregate structure and significantly reducing traction resistance, thus achieving "energy-saving deep loosening".

[0031] Innovative Arrangement: The loosening shovels are arranged in a non-uniform, three-row, longitudinal stepped pattern ("1-2-4"), and are evenly spaced on the projected surface. This unique arrangement ensures: 1) Dynamic balance: The tillage resistance is evenly distributed throughout the entire working width, and the machinery runs smoothly.

[0032] 2) Uniform soil breaking: It avoids repeated tillage or missed tillage of the soil and ensures the uniformity of soil loosening effect.

[0033] 3) Lightweight structure: Compared with full-width deep tillage, this strip-type local deep tillage, while ensuring the effect of breaking up the plow pan, greatly reduces the amount of soil moved and the disturbance to the original soil structure, which is a kind of "protective deep tillage" structure.

[0034] 3. Wide adaptability: The whole machine adopts a no-power output design and only relies on tractor towing. It has low requirements for matching power, compact structure, and small turning radius, making it particularly suitable for operation on small and medium-sized plots.

[0035] 4. The soil-crushing roller adopts a steel plate grid cage structure and is flexibly hinged to the frame via tension springs, forming a passive adaptive soil-crushing and compaction system. The elasticity of the tension springs and the freedom of the hinge points allow the soil-crushing roller to perfectly conform to the undulations of the ground surface, applying greater pressure to protruding parts and reducing pressure on concave parts, thus achieving "contour-based soil crushing" and "elastic compaction." This ultimately forms an ideal "loose on top, firm on the bottom" seedbed structure, which is impossible for rigidly connected soil-crushing rollers.

[0036] The straw deep tillage and land preparation machine according to this application has a reasonable structure, high operating efficiency, and is suitable for various straw return and land preparation operations, especially for small and medium-sized plots. It solves the problems of separation between straw treatment and soil cultivation, low operating efficiency, and poor soil protection in existing technologies.

[0037] A novel tillage process structure for strip deep tillage and straw mulching was creatively proposed and implemented, along with a contoured curved guide plate and stepped arrangement structure optimized for soil structure and erosion resistance. A strip loosening shovel based on parametric curved surfaces and its optimal arrangement scheme were also designed.

[0038] The components are not simply assembled; rather, through unique structural design and spatial layout, a new collaborative operation process has been innovatively proposed.

[0039] After being chopped, most of the straw is used to cover the ground surface, effectively preventing wind erosion and soil fixation, and reducing wind and water erosion. The straw is not mixed into the soil in large quantities, avoiding excessive soil porosity, which is beneficial for sowing and compaction. The loosening shovel is connected by a pin shaft, which is convenient for on-site assembly and disassembly and can adapt to different operating needs. The whole machine has no power output and is only pulled by a tractor, with a simple structure and low operating cost. The strip loosening shovel deeply loosens and breaks up the plow pan, and the rear-mounted soil crushing roller ensures that the ground surface is flat and finely crushed.

[0040] The present invention has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope based on the idea of ​​the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0041] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that this utility model is implementable. Of course, the situations listed above are merely examples, and this utility model is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that other modifications or simplifications of the technical solutions of this utility model can be appropriately applied to this utility model and should be included within the scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A straw deep tillage and land preparation machine, characterized in that, The machine includes a frame (1), a disc cutter group (2), a strip loosening shovel (3), a depth limiting wheel (4), and a soil crushing roller (5). The disc cutter group (2) is divided into two groups and is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the lower front end of the frame. There are seven strip loosening shovels (3) installed behind the disc cutter group (2) and arranged in three rows in a longitudinal stepped manner on the crossbeam of the frame (1). There are two depth limiting wheels (4) installed symmetrically on both sides of the frame (1) and respectively hinged to the frame (1) through the frame 0 point (14). A soil crushing roller (5) is also provided behind the crossbeam of the frame (1). The soil crushing roller (5) is hinged to the rear beam (15) of the frame (1) through a tension spring (51).

2. The straw deep tillage and land preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The disc cutter assembly (2) uses corrugated disc cutters with a spacing of 190mm between adjacent disc cutters, and is mounted on the frame (1) by a C-type spring (21).

3. The straw deep tillage and land preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame (1) is provided with a first crossbeam (11), a second crossbeam (12) and a third crossbeam (13) that are parallel to each other behind the disc cutter group (2). The strip shovel (3) is installed on the first crossbeam (11) with one shovel, on the second crossbeam (12) with two shovels, and on the third crossbeam (13) with four shovels.

4. The straw deep tillage and land preparation machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The distance between the first crossbeam (11) and the second crossbeam (12) is 1100mm, and the distance between the second crossbeam (12) and the third crossbeam (13) is ≥700mm.

5. A straw deep tillage and land preparation machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The projected spacing of the strip shovels (3) on the first crossbeam (11), the second crossbeam (12) and the third crossbeam (13) is 350-410mm.

6. A straw deep tillage and land preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The strip shovel (3) includes a shovel magazine (31), a shovel handle (32), a guide plate (33), and a shovel tip (34) made of hard alloy. The top of the shovel handle (32) is connected to the shovel magazine (31) by a pin. The shovel magazine (31) is fixed to the frame (1) by bolts. The shovel tip (34) is fixed to the bottom of the shovel handle (32). The guide plate (33) is fixed to the front surface of the shovel handle (32) above the shovel tip (34).

7. A straw deep tillage and land preparation machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The surface of the guide plate (33) is a smooth curved surface structure, and the curve is formed by the parametric equation Y=3×10⁻ 5 x³ - 0.0013x² + 0.44x + 5.9 is fitted.

8. A straw deep tillage and land preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The depth-limiting wheel (4) is also provided with a hydraulic adjustment mechanism (41) for driving the depth-limiting wheel (4) to rotate around the frame 0 point (14) to precisely control the working depth of the whole machine.

9. A straw deep tillage and land preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil-crushing roller (5) is a grid-like cage structure assembled from strip steel plates.

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