Steam oven
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522401003.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-22
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-11-12
AI Technical Summary
第一加热管位于中心,第二加热管分布在外侧,通过独立控制位于中心的第一加热管和环绕的多个第二加热管,实现了定向分区加热和精确调节热场分布;用户可以根据食材的大小、形状和烹饪需求选择性地控制加热管启闭,减少电能消耗,提高加热效率,节省能源,并避免局部过热或加热不足,提升食材表面的上色均匀性,提升烹饪效率,减少烹饪时间。
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Figure CN224776544U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of cooking equipment technology, and in particular to a steam oven. Background Technology
[0002] As living standards improve, users generally prefer models with larger cavity volumes when purchasing steam ovens to meet the occasional need to cook whole chickens, large baking pans, or other large or bulky ingredients. However, in actual daily use, the vast majority of scenarios involve cooking small pieces or small quantities of ingredients (such as a few slices of bread, a small steak, or a single potato). This common contradiction of "large cavity, small ingredients" exposes a significant flaw in existing steam oven technology.
[0003] Currently, the top heating system of most steam ovens on the market typically consists of one or a group of heating elements, which can only heat the entire top area uniformly during operation. When a user puts in a small amount of food, the heat radiation evenly covers the entire large cavity. This means that a lot of heat energy is wasted in the empty areas not occupied by food, resulting in a significant increase in energy consumption. Furthermore, because the space requiring preheating and heating is much larger than needed, the waiting time is unnecessarily extended. Utility Model Content
[0004] This application addresses the shortcomings of existing methods by providing a steam oven that solves the technical problems of "large cavity, small ingredients," resulting in wasted energy and long heating and cooking times.
[0005] This application provides a steam oven, which mainly includes a cabinet, a heating element, and a touch control. The cabinet includes a cavity. The heating element is installed on the top of the cavity. The heating element includes a first heating tube and a plurality of second heating tubes surrounding the outside of the first heating tube. The first heating tube and each of the second heating tubes can operate independently. The touch control is installed in the cabinet and is signal-connected to the heating element, and is used to independently control the opening and closing of the first heating tube and each of the second heating tubes.
[0006] As an optional implementation, the steam oven further includes a loading tray placed at the bottom of the cavity. The loading side of the loading tray has a first heat radiation indicator area and a plurality of second heat radiation indicator areas. The first heat radiation indicator area corresponds to the heat radiation range of the first heating tube, and the plurality of second heat radiation indicator areas correspond one-to-one with the heat radiation range of the plurality of second heating tubes.
[0007] As an optional implementation, the tray includes a tray body having a first thermal radiation indicator area and a plurality of second thermal radiation indicator areas; the first thermal radiation indicator area and the adjacent second thermal radiation indicator area form a linear boundary protrusion protruding from the tray body, or a boundary recessed into the tray body.
[0008] As an optional implementation, the heating power of the first heating tube is greater than the heating power of any of the second heating tubes; and the area of the first heat radiation indicator area is greater than the area of any of the second heat radiation indicator areas.
[0009] As an optional implementation, the touch control includes a first button and a plurality of second buttons; the first button is signal-connected to the first heating element; the plurality of second buttons are signal-connected to the plurality of second heating elements in a one-to-one correspondence, and the plurality of second buttons surround the outside of the first button.
[0010] As an optional implementation, the touch control further includes a first identifier and a second identifier; the first identifier is formed on the first button, and the first identifier includes text information and / or graphic information, used to identify the position of the first heating tube in the heating element layout; the second identifier is formed on the second button, and the second identifier includes text information and / or graphic information, used to identify the position of the second heating tube in the heating element layout.
[0011] As an optional implementation, the steam oven further includes an isolation layer fixed inside the cavity and close to the heating element. The isolation layer divides the cavity into an installation area for accommodating the heating element and a cooking area for placing food, wherein the volume of the cooking area is larger than the volume of the installation area.
[0012] As an optional implementation, the isolation layer includes a frame, a partition, a connecting frame, and multiple fixing brackets; the frame has a mounting through hole; the multiple fixing brackets are fixed to the side of the frame near the heating element, the multiple fixing brackets are arranged along the edge of the mounting through hole, and the fixing brackets include clamping grooves; the partition is installed in the clamping grooves of the multiple fixing brackets; the connecting frame is fixed to the side of the frame near the heating element, the connecting frame extends in a direction away from the frame, and screw holes are opened at the ends of the connecting frame away from the frame, and screws pass through the screw holes to fix the isolation layer to the housing.
[0013] As an optional implementation, the first heating tube and / or the second heating tube are bent into a disc shape.
[0014] As an optional implementation, the steam oven further includes an illumination lamp installed inside the cavity, which illuminates a light boundary that indicates the thermal radiation range of the first heating element and the thermal radiation range of the second heating element.
[0015] This application provides a steam oven, and the technical solution provided by the embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: The first heating element is located in the center, and the second heating elements are distributed on the outside. By independently controlling the first heating element in the center and the multiple second heating elements around it, directional zone heating and precise adjustment of the heat field distribution are achieved. Users can selectively control the heating elements to turn on and off according to the size and shape of the food and cooking needs, reducing power consumption, improving heating efficiency, saving energy, avoiding local overheating or underheating, improving the uniformity of coloring on the surface of the food, improving cooking efficiency, and reducing cooking time.
[0016] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description
[0017] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the chamber in a steam oven provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the inner chamber of a steam oven provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the distribution structure of heating elements in a steam oven provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the distribution structure of touch controls in a steam oven provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tray in a steam oven provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating layer in a steam oven provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0018] Figure labels and corresponding explanations: 1: Box; 2: Heating element; 21: First heating element; 22: Second heating element; 3: Touch control; 31: First button; 32: Second button; 33: First indicator; 34: Second indicator; 4: Disk; 41: First thermal radiation indicator area; 42: Second thermal radiation indicator area; 43: Disk body; 44: Boundary protrusion; 45: Boundary depression; 5: Isolation layer; 51: Enclosure frame; 52: Fixing bracket; 53: Partition; 54: Connecting frame. Detailed Implementation
[0019] This application is described in detail below. Examples of embodiments of this application are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar components or components having the same or similar functions throughout. Furthermore, detailed descriptions of known technologies that are unnecessary for the features of this application are omitted. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.
[0020] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in the specification of this application means the presence of the stated features, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. The term “and / or” as used includes all or any units and all combinations thereof of one or more associated listed items.
[0021] like Figure 1-4 As shown in the figure, this application provides a steam oven, which mainly includes a housing 1, a heating element 2, and a touch control 3. The housing 1 includes a cavity. The heating element 2 is installed on the top of the cavity. The heating element 2 includes a first heating tube 21 and a plurality of second heating tubes 22 surrounding the outside of the first heating tube 21. The first heating tube 21 and each of the second heating tubes 22 can operate independently. The touch control 3 is installed on the housing 1 and is signal-connected to the heating element 2. It is used to independently control the opening and closing of the first heating tube 21 and each of the second heating tubes 22.
[0022] In this embodiment, the box 1 mainly includes a box body and a box door rotatably connected to the box body. A cavity is formed inside the box body, and one side of the box body has an opening communicating with the cavity. The box door is rotatably connected to the opening side of the box 1. A heating element 2 is installed on the top of the cavity, and the heating element 2 radiates heat from top to bottom.
[0023] The steam oven provided in this application embodiment has a first heating element 21 located in the center and second heating elements 22 distributed on the outer side. By independently controlling the first heating element 21 located in the center and the multiple second heating elements 22 surrounding it, directional zone heating and precise adjustment of the heat field distribution are achieved. Users can selectively control the heating elements to turn on and off according to the size, shape and cooking needs of the food, reduce power consumption, improve heating efficiency, save energy, avoid local overheating or underheating, improve the uniformity of coloring on the surface of the food, improve cooking efficiency and reduce cooking time.
[0024] like Figure 5 As shown, as an optional implementation, the steam oven also includes a tray 4, which is placed at the bottom of the cavity. The tray 4 has a first heat radiation indicator area 41 and a plurality of second heat radiation indicator areas 42 on the side of the tray. The first heat radiation indicator area 41 corresponds to the heat radiation range of the first heating tube 21, and the plurality of second heat radiation indicator areas 42 correspond one-to-one with the heat radiation range of the plurality of second heating tubes 22.
[0025] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, in this embodiment, the serving tray 4 is a pallet, placed horizontally at the bottom of the cavity, with its top side serving as the food-carrying side. A first thermal radiation indicator area 41 and multiple second thermal radiation indicator areas 42 are formed on the top of the serving tray 4. The first thermal radiation indicator area 41 indicates the range of thermal radiation from the first heating element 21, and the second thermal radiation indicator areas 42 indicate the range of thermal radiation from the second heating element 22, thus achieving a correspondence between the thermal radiation indicator areas and the thermal radiation ranges of the heating elements. This physical marking indicates the heat field distribution. Users can intuitively and accurately place food within the thermal radiation range, ensuring uniform heating, reducing operational errors, and improving cooking results and user experience.
[0026] As an optional implementation, the tray 4 includes a tray body 43, which has a first thermal radiation indicator area 41 and a plurality of second thermal radiation indicator areas 42; the boundary of the first thermal radiation indicator area 41 and the adjacent second thermal radiation indicator area 42 forms a linear protrusion 44 protruding from the boundary of the tray body 43, or a recess 45 recessed into the boundary of the tray body 43.
[0027] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, in this embodiment, the plate body 43 is rectangular. Both the boundary protrusion 44 and the boundary recess 45 are formed on the top of the plate body 43. The boundary protrusion 44 protrudes upwards from the plate body 43. The boundary recess 45 is recessed downwards into the plate body 43. The linear boundary protrusion 44 or recess forms visual and tactile indicators, enhancing the identification between heat radiation indicator areas. When placing food, it can be precisely placed in the corresponding heat radiation indicator area, preventing food misplacement, reducing heat area overlap or omission, and improving heating accuracy and operational convenience.
[0028] As an optional implementation, the heating power of the first heating tube 21 is greater than the heating power of any second heating tube 22; the area of the first thermal radiation indicator area 41 is greater than the area of any second thermal radiation indicator area 42.
[0029] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, in this embodiment, the first heating element 21 has a higher power and a correspondingly larger area, ensuring a higher heat flux in the central region. This makes the central region suitable for heating thicker ingredients, while the outer region is suitable for thinner ingredients, achieving a more flexible cooking mode and improving energy efficiency and cooking results.
[0030] As an optional implementation, the touch control 3 includes a first button 31 and a plurality of second buttons 32; the first button 31 is signal-connected to the first heating tube 21 and is centrally located; the plurality of second buttons 32 are signal-connected to the plurality of second heating tubes 22 one by one and surround the first button 31.
[0031] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, in this embodiment, the touch control 3 is located on the outside of the housing 1, such as on the door. The touch control 3 can be a physical button or a touch screen. Independent control of the corresponding heating element is achieved through the first button 31 and multiple second buttons 32, simplifying user operation and improving control accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, the button layout is the same as the layout of the heating element 2, a centrally located, multi-point surrounding layout, allowing users to intuitively determine the corresponding control relationships, reducing learning costs and improving the user experience.
[0032] As an optional implementation, the touch control 3 further includes a first identifier 33 and a second identifier 34; the first identifier 33 is formed on the first button 31, and the first identifier 33 includes text information and / or graphic information, used to identify the position of the first heating tube 21 in the layout of the heating element 2; the second identifier 34 is formed on the second button 32, and the second identifier 34 includes text information and / or graphic information, used to identify the position of the second heating tube 22 in the layout of the heating element 2.
[0033] Based on the foregoing embodiments, in this embodiment, both the first identifier 33 and the second identifier 34 can be stickers and are respectively attached to the outer side of the button; both the first identifier 33 and the second identifier 34 can also be raised or recessed three-dimensional structures. The first identifier 33 and the second identifier 34 can provide clear and unambiguous prompts through text and / or graphic symbols, allowing users to quickly identify the button function and reduce misoperation.
[0034] In some embodiments, the heating element 2 includes four second heating tubes 22, which are uniformly arranged circumferentially around the outside of the first heating tube 21. The text information of the first identifier 33 is "center", and the four second identifiers 34 are left front, left rear, right front and right rear, respectively, to indicate the corresponding heating tubes.
[0035] As an optional implementation, the steam oven also includes an isolation layer 5, which is fixed inside the cavity and close to the heating element 2. The isolation layer 5 divides the cavity into an installation area for accommodating the heating element 2 and a cooking area for placing food, with the volume of the cooking area being larger than that of the installation area.
[0036] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, in this embodiment, the isolation layer 5 is plate-shaped and horizontally disposed at the upper part of the cavity, below the heating element 2, dividing the cavity into an installation area and a cooking area, reducing heat loss and avoiding direct exposure of the heating element 2, improving energy efficiency, preventing food residue from contaminating the heating element 2, and enhancing safety and ease of cleaning.
[0037] like Figure 6 As shown, in one optional implementation, the isolation layer 5 includes a frame 51, a partition 53, a connecting bracket 54, and a plurality of fixing brackets 52; the frame 51 has a mounting through hole; the plurality of fixing brackets 52 are fixed to the side of the frame 51 near the heating element 2, and the plurality of fixing brackets 52 are arranged along the edge of the mounting through hole, and the fixing brackets 52 include clamping grooves; the partition 53 is installed in the clamping grooves of the plurality of fixing brackets 52; the connecting bracket 54 is fixed to the side of the frame 51 near the heating element 2, and the connecting bracket 54 extends in a direction away from the frame 51, and a screw hole is opened at the end of the connecting bracket 54 away from the frame 51, and the screw passes through the screw hole to fix the isolation layer 5 to the housing 1.
[0038] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, in this embodiment, the frame 51 is rectangular. The mounting through-hole can also be rectangular, and it is opened along the thickness direction of the frame 51, that is, it penetrates the frame 51 vertically. Multiple fixing brackets 52 are fixed to the top surface of the frame 51 by screws. The multiple fixing brackets 52 are evenly arranged along the edges of the mounting through-holes. For example, the mounting through-hole has rectangular edges, and one fixing bracket 52 is fitted to each edge of the mounting through-hole. Each fixing bracket 52 is groove-shaped, and two fixing brackets 52 positioned on opposite edges are positioned opposite each other, with the clamping grooves of the two fixing brackets 52 facing each other.
[0039] The partition 53 is rectangular and made of glass for easy cleaning. Multiple connecting brackets 54 are evenly distributed along the edge of the mounting through holes. The connecting brackets 54 extend upwards for screw connection with the housing 1 to achieve stable installation.
[0040] In some embodiments, a high-temperature resistant silicone or ceramic gasket is sandwiched between the fixed bracket 52 and the partition 53 to buffer vibration and eliminate hard contact, thereby protecting the partition 53.
[0041] As an alternative implementation, the first heating tube 21 and / or the second heating tube 22 are bent into a disc shape.
[0042] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, in this embodiment, the first heating tube 21 and / or the second heating tube 22 are bent into a disc shape. Bending the heating tubes of the heating element 2 into a disc shape increases the heating area and heat exchange efficiency, reduces hot and cold spots, makes the heat field more uniform, and improves cooking quality.
[0043] As an optional implementation, the steam oven also includes an illumination lamp installed inside the cavity, which illuminates a light boundary that indicates the thermal radiation range of the first heating tube 21 and the thermal radiation range of the second heating tube 22.
[0044] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, in this embodiment, the illumination lamp can be an LED lamp, installed on the top or upper side of the inner wall of the cavity, away from the heating element 2, to avoid high temperatures affecting its lifespan and performance. An opaque thin plate made of metal or high-temperature resistant plastic is provided on the outer side of the illumination lamp, and this thin plate is engraved with a perforated pattern that perfectly matches the layout of the heating tube. A focusing lens is located between the illumination lamp and the thin plate, converging the light emitted by the LED to evenly illuminate the entire thin plate. The light passes through the perforated portion of the thin plate, projecting the pattern on the thin plate downwards, forming a distinct light boundary between light and shadow. This allows the user to accurately place food without guesswork, improving operational convenience and heating accuracy, and enhancing the user experience.
[0045] In one specific embodiment, the heating element 2 is fixed to the inner side of the top wall of the housing 1 by screws. The heating element 2 includes five heating tubes: a centrally located first heating tube 21 and four second heating tubes 22 evenly surrounding the outside of the first heating tube 21. The first heating tube 21 is the central heating tube, and the four second heating tubes 22 are the left rear heating tube, left front heating tube, right front heating tube, and right rear heating tube, respectively. Both the first heating tube 21 and the second heating tube 22 are spiral disc shaped, and the heating power of the first heating tube 21 is greater than that of the second heating tube 22. Each of the five heating tubes is controlled by a separate relay.
[0046] The tray 4 is rectangular and has heat radiation indicator areas corresponding to the five heating tubes. Located in the center of the tray 4 is a cross-shaped first heat radiation indicator area 41, which corresponds to the heat radiation area of the first heating tube 21. The four corner areas of the cross shape of the tray 4 are second heat radiation indicator areas 42, which correspond to the heat radiation areas of the second heating tube 22.
[0047] The touch control 3 includes a first button 31 and four second buttons 32. The first button 31 has the word "center" on it. If the food in the first heat radiation indicator area 41 needs to be heated, the user presses the "center" button once to start the first heating element 21, and presses the "center" button again to stop the first heating element 21 from working. The four second buttons 32 have the words "left front," "left rear," "right front," and "right rear" on them, respectively, to control the second heating element 22.
[0048] During the food cooking stage, users can observe the coloring of the food surface inside the cavity through the viewing window of the door. If the coloring effect of a certain area is not ideal, the user can activate the heating element corresponding to that area to achieve energy compensation for that area, thereby achieving the purpose of directional heating and uniform coloring.
[0049] In some embodiments, the steam oven further includes a rear heating element and a bottom heating element. The rear heating element is disposed on the side wall of the oven body 1 facing the door, and a convection shroud is installed on the side of the rear heating element facing the door, while a fan is installed on the side of the rear heating element opposite to the door. A bottom shell is installed above the bottom heating element. The bottom shell and the convection shroud shield the heating element, preventing oil stains and allowing the user to clean the cavity more easily after use.
[0050] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.
[0051] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.
[0052] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.
[0053] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
[0054] The above description is only a partial embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A steam oven, characterized in that, include: Box (1), including cavity; A heating element (2) is installed on the top of the cavity; the heating element (2) includes a first heating tube (21) and a plurality of second heating tubes (22) surrounding the outside of the first heating tube (21), and the first heating tube (21) and each of the second heating tubes (22) can operate independently; A touch control (3) is installed in the housing (1). The touch control (3) is signal connected to the heating element (2) and is used to independently control the opening and closing of the first heating tube (21) and each of the second heating tubes (22).
2. The steam oven according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The loading tray (4) is placed at the bottom of the cavity. The loading side of the loading tray (4) has a first thermal radiation indicator area (41) and a plurality of second thermal radiation indicator areas (42). The first thermal radiation indicator area (41) corresponds to the thermal radiation range of the first heating tube (21), and the plurality of second thermal radiation indicator areas (42) correspond one-to-one with the thermal radiation range of the plurality of second heating tubes (22).
3. The steam oven according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tray (4) includes a tray body (43), which has a first thermal radiation indicator area (41) and the plurality of second thermal radiation indicator areas (42); the first thermal radiation indicator area (41) and the adjacent second thermal radiation indicator area (42) form a linear protrusion (44) protruding from the tray body (43) or a recess (45) recessed into the boundary of the tray body (43).
4. The steam oven according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The heating power of the first heating tube (21) is greater than the heating power of any of the second heating tubes (22); The area of the first thermal radiation indicator area (41) is larger than the area of any of the second thermal radiation indicator areas (42).
5. The steam oven according to claim 1, characterized in that, The touch control (3) includes: The first button (31) is signal-connected to the first heating element (21); Multiple second buttons (32) are connected to the multiple second heating tubes (22) in a one-to-one correspondence, and the multiple second buttons (32) surround the outside of the first button (31).
6. The steam oven according to claim 5, characterized in that, The touch control (3) also includes: The first identifier (33) is formed on the first button (31). The first identifier (33) includes text information and / or graphic information and is used to identify the position of the first heating tube (21) in the layout of the heating element (2). The second identifier (34) is formed on the second button (32). The second identifier (34) includes text information and / or graphic information for identifying the position of the second heating tube (22) in the layout of the heating element (2).
7. The steam oven according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: An isolation layer (5) is fixed inside the cavity and close to the heating element (2). The isolation layer (5) divides the cavity into an installation area for accommodating the heating element (2) and a cooking area for placing food ingredients. The volume of the cooking area is greater than the volume of the installation area.
8. The steam oven according to claim 7, characterized in that, The isolation layer (5) includes: The frame (51) has mounting through holes; Multiple fixing brackets (52) are fixed to the side of the frame (51) near the heating element (2), the multiple fixing brackets (52) are arranged along the edge of the mounting through hole, and the fixing brackets (52) include clamping grooves; The partition (53) is installed in the clamping groove of the plurality of fixed brackets (52); A connecting bracket (54) is fixed to the side of the frame (51) near the heating element (2). The connecting bracket (54) extends in a direction away from the frame (51). A screw hole is opened at the end of the connecting bracket (54) away from the frame (51). The screw passes through the screw hole to fix the isolation layer (5) to the box (1).
9. The steam oven according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first heating tube (21) and / or the second heating tube (22) are bent into a disc shape.
10. The steam oven according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: An illumination lamp is installed inside the cavity, and the illumination lamp illuminates the light boundary that forms an indication of the thermal radiation range of the first heating tube (21) and the thermal radiation range of the second heating tube (22).