Closed sprinkler, fire protection system and energy storage system

Abstract

The utility model provides a closed type shower nozzle, and the closed type shower nozzle comprises: a nozzle body, which has a first flow channel; a shower nozzle, which has a second flow channel and is connected to the nozzle body, the second flow channel is communicated with the outside via a nozzle opening; a piston, which is located in the nozzle body and movably arranged on the flow path of the first flow channel and the second flow channel; a trigger structure, which is located in the nozzle body and arranged separately from the piston and the first flow channel; a limiting piece, which is located in the nozzle body, in a first state where the trigger structure is not triggered, the limiting piece limits the movement of the piston under the support of the trigger structure, so that the piston blocks the flow path, in a second state where the trigger structure is triggered, the limiting piece releases the movement limitation of the piston, so that the piston does not block the flow path.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing equipment, and more specifically, to a closed sprinkler head, a fire protection system, and an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy technologies, energy storage batteries are being used more and more widely in fields such as power, transportation, and communications.

[0003] However, while energy storage batteries have characteristics such as high energy density and rapid charging and discharging, they also have certain safety hazards, such as battery thermal runaway and short circuits, which may cause fires or explosions.

[0004] According to GB / T42288-2022 "Safety Regulations for Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Stations", battery rooms / compartments should be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing systems. The smallest protection unit of the automatic fire extinguishing system for lithium-ion battery rooms / compartments should preferably be a battery module, and each battery module can be individually configured with a fire extinguishing medium nozzle or a fire detection tube.

[0005] Currently, the fire protection scheme for energy storage liquid-cooled battery compartments uses a package-level detection and package-level ingress suppression method, which requires redundant components such as package-level electric explosion valves or puncture valves, resulting in difficult installation and maintenance and high costs.

[0006] Electric explosion valves can only be started electrically, making them prone to accidental triggering or failure. Furthermore, their status cannot be monitored and action feedback cannot be provided in real time, thus failing to effectively ensure the safety of energy storage products. Utility Model Content

[0007] In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a closed nozzle.

[0008] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a closed nozzle is provided, comprising: a nozzle body having a first flow channel; a nozzle having a second flow channel and connected to the nozzle body, the second flow channel communicating with the outside via a nozzle orifice; a piston located in the nozzle body and movably disposed on the flow path of the first and second flow channels; a triggering structure located in the nozzle body and disposed separately from the piston and the first flow channel; and a limiting member located in the nozzle body, wherein in a first state where the triggering structure is not triggered, the limiting member restricts the movement of the piston under the support of the triggering structure to block the flow path, and in a second state where the triggering structure is triggered, the limiting member releases the restriction on the movement of the piston to prevent the piston from blocking the flow path.

[0009] Optionally, the limiting member may have a lever structure, with the piston located at one end of the limiting member and the triggering structure located at the other end of the limiting member.

[0010] Optionally, the limiting element may include: a pin disposed on the nozzle body; and a baffle capable of rotating around the pin, wherein a piston is located at one end of the baffle, a triggering structure is located at the other end of the baffle, and the piston and the triggering structure are disposed on the same side of the baffle.

[0011] Optionally, the piston can block one end of the second flow channel in the first state, and the other end of the second flow channel is connected to the outside via the nozzle.

[0012] Optionally, the upper surface of the piston may face the second flow channel, the side surface of the piston may abut against one end of the limiting member, and the triggering structure may abut against the other end of the limiting member.

[0013] Optionally, after the triggering structure is activated, the piston can move along the extension direction of the first flow channel to connect the first flow channel and the second flow channel.

[0014] Optionally, the triggering structure, nozzle, and piston may overlap in a direction different from the extension direction.

[0015] Optionally, the nozzle is movably connected to the nozzle body, and the extension direction of the first flow channel is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second flow channel.

[0016] Optionally, the closed nozzle may also include a storage space located in the nozzle body, the storage space being used to store fragments generated after the triggering structure is triggered, and the storage space being connected to the receiving space that houses the triggering structure.

[0017] Optionally, the closed nozzle can be a dual-mode start closed nozzle, with an electrode wound around the outside of the trigger structure. The electrode is electrically connected to an external power supply device via a power supply line passing through the nozzle body. The trigger structure may include at least one of a burst structure, a pre-cut groove metal diaphragm, and a shape memory alloy.

[0018] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a fire protection system is provided, which includes the aforementioned closed sprinkler heads.

[0019] According to a third aspect of this disclosure, an energy storage system is provided, the energy storage system including the above-described fire protection system.

[0020] The closed-type nozzles according to embodiments of this disclosure can improve the safety of products such as energy storage that use closed-type nozzles. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will make the above and other features and advantages of the present invention clearer. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a closed nozzle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 This is a perspective view of a closed nozzle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of a closed nozzle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 This is a top view of a closed nozzle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following detailed description is provided to aid in obtaining a full understanding of the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein. However, the order of operations described herein is merely illustrative and is not limited to those orders set forth herein; equivalent substitutions or changes may be made, except for operations that must occur or be performed in a specific order. Furthermore, for clarity and conciseness, descriptions of content well-known in the art will be omitted or simplified.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains upon understanding this disclosure. Unless expressly defined herein, terms (such as those defined in a general dictionary) shall be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant field and in this disclosure, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formalistic manner.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals generally refer to the same elements (e.g., components, steps, and methods). Reference numerals described in previous embodiments that reappear in later embodiments may be omitted. Furthermore, technical features described in different or the same embodiments can be combined in any way, as long as the combined embodiment or technical solution is complete and can solve the technical problems of this application or achieve the technical effects described or not described in this disclosure but which can be determined based on the complete technical solution described above.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a closed nozzle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 This is a perspective view of a closed nozzle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of a closed nozzle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 This is a top view of a closed nozzle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Reference Figures 1 to 4 According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a closed nozzle may include a nozzle body 2, a nozzle 1, a piston 4, a triggering structure 6, and a limiting member 5.

[0027] The nozzle body 2 constitutes the core structural component of the closed nozzle, and the nozzle body 2 can have multiple functions such as support, guidance, flow channel connection and component integration.

[0028] As an example, the nozzle body 2 may be generally in the form of a hollow cylindrical structure, but is not limited to this. The interior of the nozzle body 2 may have flow channels and accommodating space.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 The upper part of the nozzle body 2 may be provided with a connection port (e.g., a threaded connection port) for connecting to the nozzle 1. The nozzle 1 may be detachably connected to the nozzle body 2. For example, the nozzle 1 may be rotatably connected to the threaded connection port of the nozzle body 2. However, this is just an example, and this disclosure is not limited thereto. As an example, the nozzle body 2 may be integrally formed with the nozzle 1.

[0030] The nozzle body 2 may have an installation space for installing the limiting member 5, and may also have a chamber for accommodating the trigger structure 6.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The nozzle body 2 has a first flow channel inside, which extends axially along the nozzle body 2 and changes direction near the connection with the nozzle 1, forming an L-shaped structure with the second flow channel of the nozzle 1. The angle between the second flow channel of the nozzle 1 and the first flow channel of the nozzle body 2 can be greater than 90 degrees. The first flow channel in the nozzle body 2 and the second flow channel in the nozzle 1 are not limited to forming an L-shape; the first flow channel and the second flow channel in the nozzle 1 can form various non-linear irregular structures other than an L-shape. This design allows for a smooth transition of fluid between the nozzle body 2 and the nozzle 1, while providing a guiding path for the up-and-down sliding of the piston 4. In addition, the nozzle body 2 also has a storage space located below the trigger structure 6 (based on the falling direction of the fragments formed after the trigger structure 6 is triggered), which is used to store the fragments generated after the trigger structure is triggered, thereby preventing blockage of the nozzle flow channel.

[0032] Both the first and second flow channels can have circular cross-sections; however, this disclosure is not limited thereto. The second flow channel can have the same cross-section at each location. The second flow channel can be, for example, a Venturi tube flow channel, which helps to improve the flow stability of the fluid. The second flow channel may include a converging section and a diverging section. The converging section can be used to accelerate the fluid, and the diverging section can be used to adjust pressure recovery and prevent energy loss.

[0033] The nozzle body 2 can typically be made of stainless steel or high-strength engineering plastics. The nozzle body 2 has good corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, and can work stably in high temperature and high pressure environments.

[0034] Nozzle 1 can eject fluid from the first flow channel through the second flow channel, and nozzle 1 can eject the medium in the flow channel at a predetermined angle and speed. Although not shown, the rotation angle of nozzle 1 is adjustable, and the user can adjust the spray direction according to the specific application scenario to achieve the best coverage or impact accuracy.

[0035] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The nozzle 1 can be integrally cylindrical, with a threaded structure on its outer wall for movable connection with the nozzle body 2. This allows the nozzle 1 to rotate around its axis by a certain angle after installation, adjusting the spray direction and enhancing the flexibility and adaptability of the nozzle system. However, the shape, structure, and connection method of the nozzle 1 to the nozzle body 2 are not limited to this.

[0036] The nozzle 1 has a second flow channel inside. One end of the second flow channel is connected to the first flow channel of the nozzle body 2, and the other end is connected to the external environment through the nozzle. As an example, the second flow channel can have a similar structure to the first flow channel. However, considering the efficiency and uniformity of fluid flow, the second flow channel can also adopt a tapered design, that is, the diameter gradually decreases from the connection point to the nozzle to increase the flow velocity and ensure the spraying effect.

[0037] The nozzle 1 may be provided with a sealing ring groove for installing a sealing ring, ensuring the seal between the nozzle 1 and the nozzle body 2 and preventing fluid leakage. In addition, although not shown, several small holes or slits may be provided at the nozzle orifice of the nozzle 1, thereby further refining the spray pattern and meeting the application requirements in different situations.

[0038] As described above, the nozzle 1 can be movably connected to the nozzle body 2 via a threaded interface. The first flow channel of the nozzle body 2 extends axially and turns near the connection point of the nozzle 1, forming an irregular structure with the second flow channel of the nozzle 1. This layout saves space and improves the efficiency of fluid transmission. In addition, when the battery cell experiences thermal runaway, due to the irregular structure design, the fire extinguishing agent sprayed from the nozzle 1 effectively acts on the surface of the battery cell and is not blocked by obstacles such as the battery end plate. When the piston 4 is in the open state, the fluid can smoothly flow from the first flow channel into the second flow channel and then be sprayed out through the nozzle.

[0039] The media flowing in the first and second flow channels are not specifically limited and can be changed according to the application scenario of the closed sprinkler head. As an example, common media can be water, phase change materials (such as paraffin), compressed gases (such as nitrogen), fire extinguishing materials (such as perfluorohexanone), etc. For different media, sprinkler head 1 can have different design structures, but as an example, the flow channels in sprinkler head 1 and sprinkler head 2 can both have smooth inner walls.

[0040] From the first flow channel of the nozzle body 2 to the second flow channel of the nozzle 1, the fluid enters from the outside through the first flow channel of the nozzle body 2 and proceeds along the preset channel until it reaches the part that connects with the nozzle 1. During this process, the fluid may experience certain pressure changes due to the change in the channel cross-section. Once the fluid enters the second flow channel of the nozzle 1, as the channel diameter gradually decreases, the fluid velocity increases significantly, thus achieving final efficient spraying and atomization.

[0041] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The piston 4 can be installed in the first flow channel of the nozzle body 2, specifically in the intersection area of ​​the first flow channel and the second flow channel.

[0042] The piston 4 can be cylindrical in shape with an axisymmetric design, facilitating a sliding fit within the first flow channel of the nozzle body 2. A clearance fit or an interference fit can be formed between the outer diameter of the piston 4 and the inner wall of the first flow channel, ensuring axial stability of the piston 4 during movement while allowing for flexible sliding. The cylindrical structure helps reduce fluid flow resistance; however, this disclosure is not limited to this.

[0043] The outer wall of piston 4 is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the first flow channel. The first flow channel allows piston 4 to move along the axial direction of the first flow channel or along the extension direction of the first flow channel.

[0044] The piston 4 can block the first and second flow channels when the triggering structure 6 is not triggered, thereby achieving the blocking of the first and second flow channels. Its upper surface faces the direction of the second flow channel and is used to withstand the pressure from the fluid inside the first flow channel. The side surface of the piston 4 contacts one end of the limiting member 5 to form a limiting support relationship.

[0045] In the untriggered state (first state) of the triggering structure 6, at least a portion of the piston 4 can extend into the inlet of the second flow channel to block it and prevent fluid from passing through. In the first state, the piston 4 blocks one end of the second flow channel, and the other end of the second flow channel is connected to the outside via a nozzle. The upper surface of the piston 4 faces the second flow channel, the side surface of the piston abuts against one end of the limiting member 5, and the triggering structure 6 abuts against the other end of the limiting member 5.

[0046] When the piston 4 is in the triggered state (second state), the piston 4 moves along the extension direction of the first flow channel, thereby connecting the first flow channel and the second flow channel. The side surface of the piston 4 facing the limiting member 5 may have a flat plane, which contacts and engages with one end of the baffle of the limiting member 5, and the limiting member provides support force in the untriggered state.

[0047] As an example, the side surface of the piston 4 facing the limiting member 5 may also be provided with a groove or flange structure to enhance the contact stability and limiting reliability between the piston 4 and the limiting member 5. Correspondingly, the limiting member 5 may be provided with a corresponding flange or groove structure. As an example, a pressure relief groove or a guide hole may be provided on the outer wall of the piston 4 to allow fluid to act quickly on the upper and lower surfaces of the piston 4, reducing motion hysteresis. This reduces the jamming phenomenon of the piston 4 due to pressure difference during movement.

[0048] Besides piston 4, in the overall structure of the closed nozzle, triggering structure 6 and limiting component 5 are the core mechanical linkage components for realizing the opening and closing control of the nozzle.

[0049] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The triggering structure 6 can be located in the nozzle body 2 and is set separately from the piston 4 and the first flow channel. The limiting member 5 is located in the nozzle body. In the first state where the triggering structure 6 is not triggered, the limiting member 5 restricts the movement of the piston 4 under the support of the triggering structure 6 so that the piston 4 blocks the flow path. In the second state where the triggering structure is triggered, the limiting member 5 releases the restriction on the movement of the piston so that the piston does not block the flow path.

[0050] The trigger structure 6 is a key component in a closed-type sprinkler head used to initiate the opening action of the sprinkler head. Its structure can be implemented in various ways according to application requirements. The trigger structure 6 can be used as a starting device for sprinkler head opening and closing control.

[0051] The trigger structure 6 may include at least one of the following: a glass bubble bursting structure, a pre-grooved metal diaphragm, and a shape memory alloy; however, this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0052] Bursting structures such as glass bulbs or glass tubes can be released by the rupture of external energy (electrical energy, thermal energy, or mechanical impact). Similarly, the surface of a pre-grooved metal diaphragm can be provided with pre-grooves to facilitate rupture along a predetermined path upon triggering, thereby releasing the limiting structure. Shape memory alloys can utilize their property of restoring their original shape after heating to achieve the release of mechanical action.

[0053] In the closed nozzle disclosed herein, the triggering structure 6 may be generally cylindrical or tubular in shape and may be accommodated in the accommodating space of the nozzle body 2.

[0054] One end of the trigger structure 6 can contact the receiving space of the nozzle body 2 and be fixed in the receiving space of the body 2, while the other end of the trigger structure 6 can extend to a position that contacts the limiting member 5. However, the shape, structure, and installation position of the trigger structure 6 are not limited to this.

[0055] The triggering structure 6, the nozzle 1, and the piston 4 can overlap in a direction different from the extension direction. The nozzle 1 is movably connected to the nozzle body 2, and the extension direction of the first flow channel can be perpendicular to the extension direction of the second flow channel.

[0056] Reference Figures 1 to 4 Electrodes may be wound around the outer side of the trigger structure 6. These electrodes can be electrically connected to an external power supply device via a power supply line passing through the nozzle body 2. This allows the trigger structure 6 to be remotely controlled via electrical signals, improving the nozzle's automation level and response speed. Electrode heating is just one example; PTC ceramic heating elements or laser triggering can also be used, among other methods.

[0057] As an example, the receiving space for accommodating the trigger structure 6 can be located in the upper middle region of the nozzle body 2, near the other end of the limiting member 5. The extension direction of the trigger structure 6 can be parallel to the movement direction of the piston 4. The other end of the trigger structure 6 can contact and cooperate with one end of the limiting member 5 to form a support relationship. In the untriggered state, the trigger structure 6 remains intact, providing support force to the limiting member 5 to keep it stable; while in the triggered state, the trigger structure 6 is damaged or deformed, causing the limiting member 5 to lose support, thereby releasing the limiting of the piston 4. One end of the trigger structure 6 can be fixedly connected to the nozzle body 2, and the other end of the trigger structure 6 can be indirectly connected to the piston 4 through the limiting member 5 to form a complete linkage control chain.

[0058] Specifically, in the untriggered state, the triggering structure 6 remains intact, providing support for the limiting member 5 and ensuring that the piston 4 is in the blocking position and the nozzle is in the closed state. In the triggered state, an external electrical signal applies energy to the triggering structure 6 through electrodes, causing it to break, fracture, or deform, thereby releasing its supporting effect on the limiting member 5.

[0059] The destructive action of the triggering structure 6 can be irreversible. Once triggered, the nozzle will enter the open state, allowing fluid to be ejected through the first and second flow channels. Since the triggering structure 6 typically employs a one-time destructive design (e.g., a glass bulb), its triggering action has high reliability and rapid response, making it suitable for scenarios requiring rapid activation, such as fire sprinklers and gas release devices; however, this disclosure is not limited to these applications. The complete working process of the triggering structure 6 is described below.

[0060] The limiting component 5 is a key actuator in the nozzle opening and closing control mechanism. Existing solutions use direct contact between the glass bulb and the piston. In this case, glass breakage during triggering can easily generate fragments, potentially jamming the piston or blocking the flow channel, affecting the reliability of nozzle opening. Furthermore, once broken, the breakage is irreversible, making controllable reset or reuse difficult. However, this disclosure utilizes the linkage control achieved through the limiting component 5, avoiding direct contact between the piston and the triggering structure. This prevents fragments from interfering with the flow channel during triggering, ensuring smooth piston movement. Additionally, the linkage between the limiting component and the triggering structure facilitates remote control and automated operation, enhancing system controllability and safety, making it suitable for applications with higher requirements for nozzle response accuracy and safety.

[0061] The limiting member 5 can have various structural designs. As an example, the limiting member 5 can have a lever structure (e.g., a seesaw structure), see reference. Figure 3 The limiting component 5 may include a pin and a baffle. The pin may be fixedly installed on the side wall of the nozzle body 2 as a fulcrum of the lever. The baffle may rotate around the pin to form a lever structure. One end of the baffle may contact and cooperate with the piston 4, and the other end may contact and cooperate with the triggering structure 6.

[0062] As an example, the baffle can be a thin plate structure that ensures rapid rotation after the trigger structure 6 releases the supporting force, thereby releasing the restriction on the piston 4. The end in contact with the trigger structure 6 can have a groove or protrusion that mates with the trigger structure. For example, one end of the trigger structure 6 can have a protruding structure, and the baffle in contact with it can have a groove structure.

[0063] The lever structure design of the limiting component 5 enables it to amplify the force and change the direction during the opening and closing of the nozzle. That is, when the trigger structure 6 releases the support force, the baffle rotates around the pin, causing the other end to disengage from the limiting of the piston 4, thereby realizing the rapid opening of the nozzle.

[0064] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The limiting member 5 can be installed in the internal space of the nozzle body 2, which is generally located in the middle region of the nozzle body 2, near the other end of the triggering structure 6. The pin of the limiting member 5 can be fixed to the nozzle body 2, and the baffle can rotate around the pin. One end of the baffle contacts the side surface of the piston 4, and the other end contacts the triggering structure 6, forming a lever system with the fulcrum in the middle and acting on the piston 4 and the triggering structure 6 at both ends respectively. The piston 4 and the triggering structure 6 are located on the same side of the baffle, so that the lever structure can generate a counterforce acting on the piston 4 when the triggering structure 6 is subjected to force.

[0065] In the untriggered state, the triggering structure 6 is not activated, and the two ends of the baffle are supported by the piston 4 and the triggering structure 6 respectively, and are in a balanced state. At this time, one end of the baffle of the limiting member 5 applies pressure to the piston 4, keeping it in the blocking position and preventing fluid from passing through.

[0066] In the triggered state, the triggering structure 6 is activated and deactivated, the baffle loses its supporting force and rotates around the pin, simultaneously releasing its limiting effect on the piston 4. At this time, the piston 4 moves upward under the fluid pressure in the first flow channel, disengaging from the inlet of the second flow channel, thus opening the nozzle. The design of the limiting component 5 ensures high sealing performance of the nozzle in the untriggered state and rapid release capability in the triggered state. The limiting component 5 is not limited to the lever structure described above.

[0067] As an example, the limiting component 5 can adopt a snap-fit ​​limiting structure. For instance, it can consist of a limiting pin (or a limiting block) and an elastic reset mechanism. The limiting pin is fixed in the nozzle body by a spring or elastic material and can move in a specific direction. When the triggering mechanism is not activated, the limiting pin engages with the limiting groove or notch on the piston, restricting its movement. When the triggering mechanism is activated, the limiting pin is released or retracted, releasing the limitation on the piston.

[0068] As an example, the limiting member 5 can adopt a spring and latch structure. For example, it can be composed of a spring and latch assembly. The latch holds the piston in the untriggered state, and the spring provides a restoring force. When the triggering structure is activated, the latch is released, and the spring pushes the latch away from the piston limiting area, causing the piston to move.

[0069] As an example, the limiting member 5 can adopt a rotatable limiting structure. For example, the limiting member 5 can be a rotatable limiting disk with a through hole or a limiting groove. In the untriggered state, the limiting part of the limiting disk blocks the piston movement path. After the triggering structure is activated, the limiting disk rotates, aligning the through hole with the piston movement path and releasing the piston.

[0070] Reference Figures 1 to 4The preferred limiting component 5 of this disclosure adopts a lever structure. The lever structure, through the cooperation of a fulcrum, a power end, and a resistance end, achieves stable limiting of the piston's movement. In the untriggered state, one end of the lever is supported by the triggering structure, while the other end applies a limiting force to the piston, keeping the nozzle closed. After triggering, the triggering structure releases the supporting force, and the lever rotates around the fulcrum, quickly releasing the restriction on the piston and enabling the nozzle to open rapidly. Compared to other limiting structures, the lever structure has advantages such as fast response speed, reliable operation, simple structure, and ease of processing and assembly, making it suitable for various triggering methods and complex environmental conditions. Simultaneously, its mechanical linkage characteristics eliminate the need for additional energy to drive the limiting and releasing processes, improving the system's stability and reliability. Especially in applications such as battery packs where response speed and safety requirements are high, the lever structure effectively ensures the nozzle's accurate operation at critical moments, making it an important structural design for achieving efficient fire suppression control. Additionally, although not shown, the limiting component 5 can also adopt a composite structure of the above-described structures.

[0071] The closed nozzle may also include a storage space located in the nozzle body 2, which is used to store the fragments generated by the triggering structure after triggering, and the storage space is connected to the receiving space that contains the triggering structure.

[0072] The storage space in a closed nozzle is a specially designed functional area inside the nozzle body. It is used to store the debris generated after the triggering structure (such as a bursting diaphragm, metal sheet, or shape memory alloy) is triggered, preventing these debris from entering the flow channel or nozzle and causing blockage or affecting the normal opening and spraying performance of the nozzle.

[0073] From a structural perspective, the storage space can be located below the trigger structure and directly connected to the space containing the trigger structure. This ensures that fragments generated after the trigger structure breaks or deforms can fall smoothly into the storage space under the action of gravity or fluid pressure, and will not remain in the critical flow channels inside the nozzle.

[0074] The storage space can be an independent chamber or a recessed structure, its shape matching the internal structure of the nozzle body. Although not shown, the storage space may have a perforated structure communicating with the outside. As mentioned above, the storage space prevents debris from clogging the flow channel, ensuring that the nozzle can open quickly and stably after triggering, avoiding mechanical jamming or abnormal spraying caused by debris residue. The complete operation process will be described below.

[0075] In the initial or untriggered state, the triggering structure 6 remains intact, providing support to one end of the baffle of the limiting member 5. The baffle of the limiting member 5 is in a balanced state, and its other end applies a limiting force to the piston 4. The piston 4 blocks the inlet of the second flow channel, and the nozzle is in the closed state.

[0076] In the triggered state, an external signal acts on the trigger structure 6 through the electrodes, causing it to break or deform. The trigger structure 6 loses its supporting force, and the baffle of the limiting member 5 rotates around the pin. The piston 4 is released from its limiting position and slides upward under the action of fluid pressure, disengaging from the inlet of the second flow channel. The first flow channel and the second flow channel are connected, and the fluid can be ejected.

[0077] The trigger structure 6 is in an unrecoverable state, and the limit member 5 remains in the released state. The piston 4 remains in the open position, and the nozzle continuously sprays fluid. The debris generated by the trigger structure 6 enters the storage space through the connecting hole inside the nozzle body 2, preventing blockage of the nozzle flow channel.

[0078] As an example, the closed nozzle disclosed herein can be a dual-mode start closed nozzle, with an electrode wound around the outside of the trigger structure. The electrode is electrically connected to an external power supply device via a power supply line passing through the nozzle body.

[0079] The dual-mode start-up closed nozzle disclosed herein can adopt an active triggering mode, i.e., electrical triggering. For example, power can be supplied to the electrodes of the triggering structure 6 through an external control system, causing the triggering structure to heat up or deform, thereby breaking its structural integrity and releasing the limiting member 5 from the piston 4. Alternatively, the dual-mode start-up closed nozzle disclosed herein can also adopt thermal triggering. For example, when the ambient temperature rises to a set value, the heat-sensitive material (such as a fusible alloy or a thermally expanding material) in the triggering structure 6 undergoes a physical change (melting, expansion, or rupture), thereby breaking the triggering structure, releasing the limiting member 5, and opening the nozzle. Under this starting method, no external power supply is required, making it suitable for automatic response in the event of a power outage or malfunction, similar to the thermal response mechanism of a traditional glass bulb nozzle. The triggering temperature can be, for example, 68°C or 93°C.

[0080] The closed-type sprinkler head disclosed herein can be applied to battery pack fire suppression systems. When the fire control panel receives a Level 1 warning signal from the composite detector inside the battery pack, the system will activate the audible and visual alarm and issue an alarm dry contact signal. If a Level 2 warning signal is detected, the system will not only trigger the audible and visual alarm again, but also open the corresponding battery pack and the nozzles that can be located above, below, left, and right of it, simultaneously triggering a power outage in the electrical circuit, shutting down the ventilation system, and initiating the fire suppression process. The electromagnetic valve of the fire suppression device will activate after a delay of 0 to 30 seconds (which can be set to immediate activation), releasing perfluorohexanone agent multiple times for fire suppression. During this process, the fire control panel will receive pressure signal feedback and activate the venting indicator light. If the on-duty personnel confirm that no fire has occurred, they can stop the fire suppression procedure via the emergency start / stop button.

[0081] When personnel enter the protected area, the system will switch to manual operation. Even if the fire control panel receives an alarm signal from the battery pack, it will not automatically activate other fire-fighting equipment but will wait for manual judgment. At this time, personnel can manually start or stop the fire extinguishing procedure using the emergency start / stop button. Once the start button is pressed, the system will perform the same steps as in automatic mode: power off and shut down, open the corresponding battery pack nozzles, shut down the ventilation system, and initiate the fire extinguishing process. Similarly, during the delay period, if necessary, the fire extinguishing procedure can also be interrupted using the emergency start / stop button.

[0082] In emergencies, such as when the automatic control system fails, personnel can manually activate the gas suppression system from outside the battery container. This mechanism ensures a rapid response to fire threats, even under extreme conditions. The emergency activation procedure is similar to manual activation, including steps such as power off and shutdown, opening the nozzles, shutting down the ventilation system, and initiating the extinguishing process. Notably, throughout the extinguishing process, the system always provides a delayed activation option, allowing on-site personnel to decide whether immediate action is needed or to further assess the fire situation.

[0083] The closed nozzle disclosed herein can shorten the response time through a temperature and electricity dual-mode triggering mechanism, adapting to the rapid response requirements of battery thermal runaway.

[0084] The closed-type sprinkler head disclosed herein adopts a dual-channel and irregular structure design to ensure comprehensive spray coverage without dead angles, improve fire extinguishing efficiency, eliminate traditional redundant components, reduce costs, improve system reliability, and support multiple discharges.

[0085] The closed-type sprinkler head disclosed herein can be applied to energy storage battery packs. The integrated temperature and electrical dual control module achieves integrated temperature monitoring, electrical control triggering, and signal feedback, enhancing the system's intelligence level. Through dynamically controllable pressure bursting and intelligent linkage control logic, precise positioning and dynamic fire suppression network construction are achieved, significantly improving fire suppression efficiency.

[0086] Although the present invention has been specifically shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A closed-type nozzle, characterized in that, The closed-loop nozzle includes: The nozzle body has a first flow channel; The nozzle has a second flow channel and is connected to the nozzle body, the second flow channel being connected to the outside via a nozzle opening; The piston is located in the nozzle body and is movably disposed on the flow path between the first flow channel and the second flow channel; The triggering structure is located in the nozzle body and is separately disposed from the piston and the first flow channel; A limiting member, located in the nozzle body, restricts the movement of the piston under the support of the triggering structure in a first state where the triggering structure is not triggered, so that the piston blocks the flow path. In a second state where the triggering structure is triggered, the limiting member releases the restriction on the movement of the piston, so that the piston does not block the flow path.

2. The closed-type nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting member has a lever structure, the piston is located at one end of the limiting member, and the triggering structure is located at the other end of the limiting member.

3. The closed-type nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The limiting component includes: A latch is provided on the nozzle body; The baffle is rotatable around the pin. The piston is located at one end of the baffle, the triggering structure is located at the other end of the baffle, and the piston and the triggering structure are disposed on the same side of the baffle.

4. The closed-type nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the first state, the piston blocks one end of the second flow channel, and the other end of the second flow channel is connected to the outside via the nozzle.

5. The closed-type nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper surface of the piston faces the second flow channel, the side surface of the piston abuts against one end of the limiting member, and the triggering structure abuts against the other end of the limiting member.

6. The closed-type nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the triggering structure is activated, the piston moves along the extension direction of the first flow channel to connect the first flow channel and the second flow channel to each other.

7. The closed-type nozzle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The triggering structure, the nozzle, and the piston overlap in a direction different from the extension direction.

8. The closed-type nozzle according to claim 7, characterized in that, The nozzle is movably connected to the nozzle body, and the extension direction of the first flow channel is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second flow channel.

9. The closed-type nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The closed nozzle also includes a storage space located in the nozzle body, the storage space being used to store the fragments generated by the triggering structure after triggering, and the storage space being connected to the receiving space that contains the triggering structure.

10. The closed-type nozzle according to claim 9, characterized in that, The closed nozzle is a dual-mode start closed nozzle. An electrode is wound around the outside of the trigger structure. The electrode is electrically connected to an external power supply device via a power supply line passing through the nozzle body. The trigger structure includes at least one of a burst structure, a pre-cut groove metal diaphragm, and a shape memory alloy.

11. A fire protection system, characterized in that, The fire protection system includes closed sprinkler heads according to any one of claims 1-10.

12. An energy storage system, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes the fire protection system according to claim 11.

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