System for preparing bdo by low pressure hydrogenation of byd with reinforcement

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of system for preparing BDO by strengthening BYD low pressure hydrogenation, and the system includes hydrogenation strengthening reaction tower and gas-liquid separation tower connected in turn;Wherein first strengthening unit and second strengthening unit are provided in the hydrogenation strengthening reaction tower.The reaction system of the utility model improves the dispersion uniformity and conversion efficiency of reactant by optimizing the structural design in reaction tower and unique flow guide dispersion design.Meanwhile, efficient hydrogenation of BYD is realized under low pressure condition, energy consumption and equipment requirements are reduced, and the residence time of reactant is prolonged by flow guide diffusion plate and device, further improving the yield and purity of BDO.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of chemical production technology, specifically to a system for enhancing the low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to prepare BDO. Background Technology

[0002] 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) is an important chemical raw material widely used in polyurethane, engineering plastics, and solvents. Traditional BDO production processes mainly include the Reppe process, maleic anhydride hydrogenation process, and butadiene acetylation process, but these methods generally suffer from harsh reaction conditions (such as high pressure and high temperature), high catalyst costs, and numerous byproducts. In recent years, the low-pressure hydrogenation method using BYD (1,4-butynediol) as a raw material to prepare BDO has attracted widespread attention due to its advantages such as mild reaction conditions and environmental friendliness. However, existing low-pressure hydrogenation technologies still face many challenges: first, uneven dispersion of reactants leads to localized catalyst overloading or deactivation; second, when the hydrogenation reaction proceeds in steps, intermediate products are difficult to convert efficiently into the target product, resulting in decreased selectivity; and third, reaction kinetics are limited under low-pressure conditions, requiring highly active catalysts or complex process designs, which increases production costs and technical difficulty.

[0003] Therefore, developing a system capable of efficiently and selectively preparing BDO under low-pressure conditions has become an urgent need in the current technological field.

[0004] In view of the above, this utility model is hereby proposed. Utility Model Content

[0005] The primary objective of this invention is to provide a system for enhancing the low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to BDO. This invention's reaction system significantly improves the uniformity of reactant dispersion and conversion efficiency through optimized structural design within the reaction tower and a unique flow-guiding and dispersion design. Simultaneously, it achieves efficient hydrogenation of BYD under low-pressure conditions, reducing energy consumption and equipment requirements. Furthermore, by extending the reactant residence time through the flow-guiding diffuser plate and other devices, it further enhances the yield and purity of BDO.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives of this utility model, the following technical solution is adopted: A system for enhancing low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to BDO includes a hydrogenation enhancement reaction tower and a gas-liquid separation tower connected in sequence. The hydrogenation enhancement reaction tower is equipped with a first enhancement unit and a second enhancement unit. The first enhancement unit is located at the bottom of the hydrogenation enhancement reaction tower, and the second enhancement unit is located in the middle of the hydrogenation enhancement reaction tower. A first catalyst bed is arranged above the first enhancement unit, and a second catalyst bed is arranged above the second enhancement unit. A hydrogen inlet and a BYD inlet are provided on one side of the hydrogenation enhancement reaction tower. A preheater is installed on the BYD inlet, which is connected to the first enhancement unit. The hydrogen inlet is connected to both the first enhancement unit and the second enhancement unit. A first disperser is also provided between the first intensifier unit and the first catalyst bed to disperse the microbubbles after being processed by the first intensifier unit evenly. A second disperser is also provided between the second enhancement unit and the second catalyst bed; The first catalyst bed is filled with a palladium-based catalyst for low-temperature selective hydrogenation; the second catalyst bed is filled with a nickel-ruthenium bimetallic catalyst for deep hydrogenation.

[0007] This invention provides a system for enhancing the low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to BDO. Its core lies in achieving highly efficient and selective hydrogenation under low-pressure conditions by strengthening the unit's setup and synergistic effect with the catalyst, while reducing reaction pressure and temperature. The enhanced low-pressure hydrogenation system for BYD to BDO provided by this invention achieves milder reaction conditions and higher efficiency through innovative structural design and multi-stage catalytic synergy. Traditional processes typically require 30°C... While operating under high pressures above MPa and high temperatures of 100-150℃, the system of this invention only requires low pressures of 10-15MPa and reaction temperatures of 80-100℃ to achieve efficient hydrogenation. This breakthrough is attributed to the synergistic optimization of the first and second enhancement units in the system, as well as the associated dispersers and catalyst beds. The first enhancement unit shears BYD and hydrogen into micron-sized bubbles at high speed and achieves uniform dispersion through the guide port group of the first disperser, enabling the reactants to undergo low-temperature selective hydrogenation in the palladium-based catalyst bed, avoiding side reactions caused by over-hydrogenation. The second enhancement unit, through the combined design of the V-shaped bidirectional guide port group and the corrugated flow diffuser plate, further extends the residence time of the reactants and enhances mass transfer, allowing the intermediate products to be deeply converted into BDO in the nickel-ruthenium bimetallic catalyst bed. This staged catalytic design not only optimizes the reaction pathway but also achieves mass transfer efficiency comparable to traditional high-pressure processes at low pressure through physical fragmentation and dispersion. The system comprises a hydrogenation-enhanced reaction tower and a gas-liquid separation tower connected in sequence. The hydrogenation-enhanced reaction tower houses a first and a second intensifier unit. The first intensifier unit, located at the bottom of the tower, rapidly shears BYD and hydrogen into micron-sized bubbles and ensures uniform coverage of the palladium-based catalyst bed by the guide ports of the first disperser, achieving low-temperature selective hydrogenation of C≡C bonds and avoiding side reactions caused by over-hydrogenation. The second intensifier unit, located in the middle of the tower, further extends the residence time of the reactants and enhances mass transfer through a combination of V-shaped bidirectional guide ports and corrugated diffuser plates, allowing the intermediate product to be deeply converted to BDO in the nickel-ruthenium bimetallic catalyst bed. This staged catalytic design not only optimizes the reaction pathway but also achieves mass transfer efficiency comparable to traditional high-pressure processes at low pressure through the physical fragmentation and dispersion of the intensifier units.

[0008] Furthermore, in the reaction system of this invention, a first disperser is provided between the first intensifier unit and the first catalyst bed to uniformly disperse the microbubbles after preliminary hydrogenation, avoiding excessively high local concentrations that could lead to catalyst coking or deactivation. Simultaneously, a second disperser is provided between the second intensifier unit and the second catalyst bed to further promote uniform dispersion of reactants and extend residence time, ensuring that incompletely reacted intermediate products are fully converted into BDO. This multi-stage dispersion mechanism is particularly important under low-pressure conditions because traditional hydrogenation processes rely on high-pressure mass transfer. However, this invention, through optimization of the guide port and flow guiding structure, can still achieve efficient mass transfer under low pressure, reducing energy consumption and equipment requirements.

[0009] From an overall process perspective, the reaction system of this invention achieves highly efficient hydrogenation of BYD under low-pressure conditions through the synergistic effect of multi-stage reactors, dispersers, and catalyst beds. Compared with traditional high-pressure processes, this invention reduces equipment pressure resistance requirements and safety risks. At the same time, through staged catalysis and enhancement, it reduces the generation of by-products and improves the purity and yield of BDO. In addition, the use of nickel-ruthenium bimetallic catalyst enhances the hydrogenation activity in the high-temperature section, while the selective hydrogenation of palladium-based catalyst in the low-temperature section avoids side reactions caused by over-hydrogenation. This catalytic combination and the matching of reactor structure enable the entire system to maintain high reaction efficiency under low pressure, providing a more economical and environmentally friendly solution for the industrial production of BDO.

[0010] Preferably, as a further feasible option, the first disperser includes a first guide plate and a plurality of symmetrically distributed guide port groups disposed on the surface of the first guide plate, and each guide port group includes two guide ports, left and right, and the spraying direction of the left guide port is opposite to that of the right guide port.

[0011] This invention further specifies the first disperser, revealing its core role in the enhanced BYD low-pressure hydrogenation system for BDO production. As a crucial transitional structure connecting the first enhanced unit and the first catalyst bed, the first disperser not only facilitates simple fluid transport but also achieves spatially uniform distribution of reactants, thereby creating optimal mass transfer and contact conditions for subsequent catalytic hydrogenation reactions. The first disperser includes a first guide plate and multiple symmetrically distributed guide port groups on its surface. Each group contains two guide ports, left and right, with the injection directions of the left and right guide ports aligned. Conversely, the angle between the injection direction of the left and right guide ports and the vertical direction (y-axis) gradually increases from the center of the first intensifier unit outward within the range of 30°-60°. This angle gradient design ensures that the initial disturbance intensity of the fluid near the reactor axis is small at the center injection angle, preventing the formation of a flow dead zone in the central area. The gradually increasing injection angle outward effectively covers the edge area of ​​the reactor, avoiding material accumulation caused by the boundary layer on the wall. This dynamic angle distribution creates a three-dimensional turbulent field, allowing the reactants to be uniformly distributed across the entire catalyst bed cross-section.

[0012] Preferably, as a further feasible option, the spray direction of the guide ports on the left and right sides of the first disperser gradually increases from the inside to the outside within a range of 30°-60°, starting from the center of the first intensifying unit.

[0013] This invention further defines the variation law of the injection angle of the left and right guide ports in the first disperser. The angle between the injection direction of the guide ports and the vertical direction is gradually increased from the center of the first intensifier unit outwards in a gradient distribution pattern within the range of 30°-60°. This non-uniform angle design breaks through the traditional fixed injection angle technology, thereby achieving precise control of the material distribution on the radial cross-section of the reactor. In practical engineering applications, the fluid flow inside the reactor often exhibits complex non-linear characteristics, with high flow velocity in the central region and the easy formation of flow dead zones in the edge region. Conventional guide ports with uniformly distributed angles are difficult to adapt to this non-uniform flow field, leading to severe problems in the catalyst bed. Due to uneven material distribution, this invention establishes an angular gradient to optimally match the fluid's kinetic energy distribution with the reactor's internal flow resistance characteristics. A smaller injection angle prevents reactants from diffusing prematurely in the inlet region; while the gradually increasing injection angle to 60° in the edge region provides additional radial thrust to the fluid in the low-velocity zone, effectively overcoming the flow resistance caused by the wall effect; in the central region of the reactor, a moderate injection angle of 30° creates appropriate turbulence intensity, ensuring sufficient droplet breakup while avoiding energy dissipation due to excessive turbulence; as the fluid diffuses outward, the gradually increasing injection angle achieves efficient conversion and redistribution of fluid kinetic energy by systematically increasing the radial velocity component. This design ensures sufficient contact between reactants and catalyst while preventing localized overheating or overreaction.

[0014] Preferably, as a further feasible embodiment, the second disperser includes a second guide plate and a bidirectional guide nozzle assembly and a flow-guiding diffuser plate symmetrically distributed on the surface of the second guide plate; the bidirectional guide nozzle assembly is located at the top outlet of the second intensifier unit, and its spray direction is symmetrically distributed in a V-shape, used to uniformly disperse the reaction products to both sides; the flow-guiding diffuser plate is located above the bidirectional nozzle assembly, and the flow-guiding diffuser plate is a wavy flow-guiding diffuser plate, the surface of the wavy flow-guiding diffuser plate is provided with flow-guiding holes, used to prolong the residence time of the reactants and promote the further conversion of unreacted BYD into BDO.

[0015] This invention also details the structural features of the second disperser, revealing that it includes a second guide plate and a bidirectional guide port assembly and a flow-guiding diffuser plate disposed on its surface. The bidirectional guide port assembly is located at the top outlet of the second intensifier unit and is symmetrically distributed in a V-shape. This unique geometric configuration breaks through the limitations of traditional radial injection, constructing a three-dimensional flow field structure to uniformly disperse the reaction products to both sides while forming a natural material circulation flow in the axial direction. Particularly noteworthy is that the adjustable range of the angle between the V-shaped injection direction and the second guide plate is set between 45° and 60°. When the angle is less than 45°, the axial momentum of the fluid is too strong, easily causing reactants to short-circuit through the catalyst bed; while when the angle exceeds 60°, an excessively large radial velocity component is generated, causing wall erosion and catalyst wear. The V-shaped injection structure of this invention achieves a perfect balance between these two critical values, ensuring sufficient contact between the reactants and the catalyst while maintaining a stable fluidization state, allowing the nickel-ruthenium bimetallic catalyst in the second catalyst bed to continuously exert its optimal activity.

[0016] Preferably, as a further feasible option, the V-shaped injection angle of the bidirectional guide port assembly can be adjusted within the range of 45°-60° to adapt to the dispersion requirements under different reactant concentrations.

[0017] This invention further limits the V-shaped injection angle of the bidirectional guide port assembly to be adjustable within the range of 45°-60°. Through precise control of the injection angle, real-time regulation of the internal flow field characteristics of the reactor is achieved. This innovative design that actively adapts to process changes completely changes the inherent mode of traditional chemical equipment passively accepting operating conditions. When the V-shaped angle is set around 45°, the system will form strong axial convection. This flow pattern is particularly suitable for the initial stage of the reaction or high-concentration feed conditions, which can effectively prevent catalyst bed blockage and enhance mass transfer efficiency. When the angle gradually increases to 60°, a radial diffusion effect will be generated. This flow pattern is more conducive to deep conversion in the later stage of the reaction or under low-concentration conditions, ensuring full contact between reactant molecules and catalyst active sites.

[0018] Preferably, as a further feasible option, a reaction liquid outlet is provided on the other side of the hydrogenation enhanced reaction tower, and the reaction liquid outlet is connected to a circulating pump.

[0019] Preferably, as a further feasible option, the top of the first intensifying unit is provided with a first intensifying unit inlet, the first intensifying unit inlet is connected to a circulating liquid cooler, and the circulating liquid cooler is connected to the circulating pump.

[0020] Preferably, as a further feasible option, the top of the hydrogenation enhanced reaction tower is provided with a mixed liquid outlet, which is connected to the gas-liquid separation tower inlet provided on one side of the top of the gas-liquid separation tower; The gas-liquid separator is provided with a gas-liquid separator outlet at the top, which is connected to the tail gas cooler. The gas-liquid separator is provided with a discharge outlet at the bottom, which is connected to the BDO storage tank.

[0021] The complete process flow of the system for enhancing low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to prepare BDO according to this utility model is as follows: First, the BYD solution enters the bottom of the hydrogenation enhancement reaction tower through the BYD inlet equipped with a preheater. Simultaneously, purified hydrogen enters the system through a hydrogen inlet located at the bottom of the hydrogenation enhancement reaction tower in two branches. The first branch, accounting for 80-90% of the total hydrogen, directly enters the first enhancement unit, while the second branch, accounting for 10-20%, is transported to the second enhancement unit via a dedicated pipeline. Inside the first enhancement unit, the BYD solution and hydrogen are broken into microbubbles after processing and immediately enter the working area of ​​the first disperser. This disperser includes a first guide plate and... The surface of the first guide plate is symmetrically arranged with guide ports, each group containing two symmetrically distributed guide ports on the left and right. These guide ports are distributed on the surface of the first guide plate at a specific angle range, starting from 30° at the center and gradually increasing to 60° towards the periphery, forming a three-dimensional jet flow field. The broken fine microbubbles are treated by the first disperser and dispersed evenly to both sides to avoid agglomeration at the center. The material then flows upward through the first catalyst bed, which is filled with a palladium-based catalyst. The alkyne bonds in the BYD molecule are first selectively hydrogenated to generate an enol intermediate, and then further generate the product BDO. The heat generated by this exothermic reaction process is promptly removed by a circulating liquid cooler located outside the hydrogenation enhanced reaction tower.

[0022] The reaction mixture after the first-stage hydrogenation continues to flow upwards into the middle region of the hydrogenation enhancement tower, where it mixes again with the second-stage supplemental hydrogen in the second enhancement unit for further reaction. The microbubbles processed by the second enhancement unit then immediately enter the second dispersion system, where they are first processed through a bidirectional guide nozzle assembly located at the top outlet of the second enhancement unit. This assembly consists of nozzles symmetrically distributed in a V-shape, with the spray angle of each pair of nozzles automatically adjustable within the range of 45-60°. When the system detects an increase in feed concentration or a decrease in catalyst activity, the control system automatically reduces the V-angle to enhance the reaction. Axial flow intensity is increased, and conversely, increasing the angle improves radial distribution; secondly, a wave-shaped guide diffuser plate is set above the nozzle. When the reactants pass through the guide diffuser plate, due to the special geometry of the wave shape, periodic acceleration-deceleration flow is generated, which not only prolongs the effective reaction time, but also enhances the interphase mass transfer effect. The material pretreated by the guide diffuser plate then enters the second catalyst bed, which is filled with a nickel-ruthenium bimetallic catalyst. The operating pressure is maintained at 10-15 MPa and the temperature is controlled at 80-100℃. Under these conditions, the unreacted intermediate in the first enhanced unit is completely hydrogenated to generate the target product BDO.

[0023] The reaction mixture after two-stage hydrogenation enters the gas-liquid separator from the outlet at the top of the hydrogenation enhancement reaction tower. After gas-liquid separation, the separated liquid phase flows downward along the tower wall. Finally, the pure BDO product flows into the BDO storage tank from the outlet at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator. The gas phase discharged from the top of the gas-liquid separator mainly consists of unreacted hydrogen, and also contains small amounts of light components such as methane and ethane. This gas stream is cooled by circulating cooling water in a cooler located at the top of the tower. The condensed liquid is returned to the gas-liquid separator, and the cooled gas is sent to the flare system for processing.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: (1) This utility model provides a system for enhancing the low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to prepare BDO. Through the synergistic effect of two-stage reactors and a unique dispersion design, the uniformity of reactant dispersion and conversion efficiency are significantly improved. At the same time, the efficient hydrogenation of BYD is achieved under low-pressure conditions, reducing energy consumption and equipment requirements. Furthermore, the residence time of reactants is extended by using a flow-guiding diffuser plate and other devices, which further improves the yield and purity of BDO. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a system for enhancing the low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to prepare BDO according to this invention.

[0027] In the attached diagram: 1. Hydrogenation enhancement reaction tower; 2. Second catalyst bed; 3. Two-way guide port assembly; 4. Second guide plate; 5. Second enhancement unit; 6. Flow guide diffuser; 7. First catalyst bed; 8. Guide port assembly; 9. First guide plate; 10. First enhancement unit; 11. Preheater; 12. Circulating liquid cooler; 13. Circulating pump; 14. Gas-liquid separator; 15. Tail gas cooler; 16. Hydrogen inlet; 17. BYD inlet; 18. BDO storage tank. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments, and are only used to illustrate this utility model, and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall be followed. Where the manufacturers of reagents or instruments are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0029] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this utility model, the following description is provided in the form of specific embodiments.

[0032] Example 1 Please see Figure 1 When the enhanced BYD low-pressure hydrogenation system for BDO production of this invention starts operating, the BYD feedstock is first preheated by the preheater 11 and then enters the bottom of the hydrogenation enhancement reaction tower 1 through the BYD feed inlet 17. Simultaneously, hydrogen is divided into two streams: the first stream, accounting for 80% of the total, enters the first enhancement unit 10 through the hydrogen feed inlet 16; the second stream, accounting for 20%, enters the second enhancement unit 5. Inside the first intensifier unit 10, BYD and hydrogen are broken into microbubbles by high-speed shearing and then enter the first disperser. The first disperser consists of a first guide plate 9 and four sets of guide ports 8. The spray direction of the guide ports 8 increases from 30° at the center to 60° outward, forming a three-dimensional spiral flow field, so that the microbubbles uniformly cover the entire cross section of the first catalyst bed 7. This bed is filled with a palladium-based catalyst, which achieves selective hydrogenation of C≡C bonds in BYD at 10 MPa and 80°C. As the reaction proceeds, the reactants gradually rise in the hydroenhanced reaction tower 1 and enter the second intensifier unit 5. After mixing with the supplementary hydrogen, they pass through the second disperser, which includes a second guide plate 4, a bidirectional guide port group 3, and a flow-guiding diffuser 6. The V-shaped injection angle of the bidirectional guide port group 3 is set to 45° to form a counter-current jet. The wave-shaped structure of the flow-guiding diffuser 6 prolongs the residence time of the material. Subsequently, the material enters the second catalyst bed 2 to complete deep hydrogenation. The heat generated during the exothermic reaction in the hydroenhanced reaction tower 1 is extracted by the circulating pump 13 located outside the hydroenhanced reaction tower 1. After heat exchange in the circulating liquid cooler 12, the reaction liquid is transported back into the hydroenhanced reaction tower to achieve timely heat removal. After the reaction liquid flows out from the top of the hydrogenation enhanced reaction tower 1, it enters the gas-liquid separation tower 14 for gas-liquid separation. At this time, the liquid phase BDO flows into the BDO storage tank 18; the unreacted hydrogen is cooled by the tail gas cooler 15 and then recycled.

[0033] Example 2 When the enhanced BYD low-pressure hydrogenation system for BDO production of this invention starts operating, the BYD feedstock is first preheated by the preheater 11 and then enters the bottom of the hydrogenation enhancement reaction tower 1 through the BYD feed inlet 17. Simultaneously, hydrogen is divided into two streams: the first stream, accounting for 90% of the total, enters the first enhancement unit 10 through the hydrogen feed inlet 16; the second stream, accounting for 10%, enters the second enhancement unit 5. Inside the first intensifier unit 10, BYD and hydrogen are broken into microbubbles by high-speed shearing and then enter the first disperser. The first disperser consists of a first guide plate 9 and 6 sets of guide ports 8. The spray direction of the guide ports 8 increases from 30° at the center to 60° outward, forming a three-dimensional spiral flow field, so that the microbubbles uniformly cover the entire cross section of the first catalyst bed 7. This bed is filled with a palladium-based catalyst, which achieves selective hydrogenation of C≡C bonds in BYD at 15 MPa and 100°C. As the reaction proceeds, the reactants gradually rise in the hydrogenation enhancement reaction tower 1 and enter the second enhancement unit 5. After mixing with the supplementary hydrogen, they pass through the second disperser, which includes a second guide plate 4, a bidirectional guide port group 3, and a flow-guiding diffuser 6. The V-shaped injection angle of the bidirectional guide port group 3 is set to 60° to form a counter-current jet. The wave-shaped structure of the flow-guiding diffuser 6 prolongs the residence time of the material, which then enters the second catalyst bed 2 to complete the deep hydrogenation. After the reaction liquid flows out from the top of the hydrogenation enhanced reaction tower 1, it enters the gas-liquid separation tower 14 for gas-liquid separation. At this time, the liquid phase BDO flows into the BDO storage tank 18; the unreacted hydrogen is cooled by the tail gas cooler 15 and then recycled.

[0034] Example 3 When the enhanced BYD low-pressure hydrogenation system for BDO production of this invention starts operating, the BYD feedstock is first preheated by the preheater 11 and then enters the bottom of the hydrogenation enhancement reaction tower 1 through the BYD feed inlet 17. Simultaneously, hydrogen is divided into two streams: the first stream, accounting for 85% of the total, enters the first enhancement unit 10 through the hydrogen feed inlet 16; the second stream, accounting for 15%, enters the second enhancement unit 5. Inside the first intensifier unit 10, BYD and hydrogen are broken into microbubbles by high-speed shearing and then enter the first disperser. The first disperser consists of a first guide plate 9 and five sets of guide nozzles 8. The spray direction of the guide nozzles 8 increases from 30° at the center to 60° outward, forming a three-dimensional spiral flow field, so that the microbubbles uniformly cover the entire cross-section of the first catalyst bed 7. This bed is filled with a palladium-based catalyst, which achieves selective hydrogenation of the C≡C bond in BYD at 120MPa and 90℃. As the reaction proceeds, the reactants gradually rise in the hydroenhanced reaction tower 1 and enter the second intensifier unit 5. After mixing with the supplementary hydrogen, they pass through the second disperser, which includes a second guide plate 4, a bidirectional guide port group 3, and a flow-guiding diffuser 6. The V-shaped injection angle of the bidirectional guide port group 3 is set to 60° to form a counter-current jet. The wave-shaped structure of the flow-guiding diffuser 6 prolongs the residence time of the material. Subsequently, the material enters the second catalyst bed 2 to complete deep hydrogenation. The heat generated during the exothermic reaction in the hydroenhanced reaction tower 1 is extracted by the circulating pump 13 located outside the hydroenhanced reaction tower 1. After heat exchange in the circulating liquid cooler 12, the reaction liquid is transported back into the hydroenhanced reaction tower to achieve timely heat removal. After the reaction liquid flows out from the top of the hydrogenation enhanced reaction tower 1, it enters the gas-liquid separation tower 14 for gas-liquid separation. At this time, the liquid phase flows into the BDO storage tank 18; the unreacted hydrogen is cooled by the tail gas cooler 15 and then recycled.

[0035] Experimental Example 1: Performance Verification of a System for Enhancing the Low-Pressure Hydrogenation of BYD to BDO 1. The purpose of this experiment is to verify the actual effect of the enhanced BYD low-pressure hydrogenation system for BDO preparation described in this invention, including key indicators such as reaction efficiency, BDO yield, selectivity and energy consumption, and to compare it with the traditional high-pressure hydrogenation process. 2. Analytical Methods Gas chromatography (GC): Analyzes BDO yield and byproduct content; Mass spectrometry (MS): Detects unreacted BYD and intermediate products; Pressure / temperature sensor: Real-time monitoring of reaction conditions; The final test results are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 Test Results

[0036] The experimental results above show that the enhanced low-pressure hydrogenation system for BDO production from BYD provided by this invention, through innovative two-stage reactor design and dispersion technology, achieves significantly better reaction performance than traditional high-pressure processes under low-pressure conditions. Data from Examples 1-3 demonstrate that this technology exhibits breakthrough progress in reaction efficiency, product selectivity, energy consumption control, and catalyst lifetime. Taking Example 3, which shows the best overall performance, as an example, its BYD conversion rate reaches 99.8%, an increase of 2.6 percentage points compared to the traditional process's 97.2%; the BDO yield is as high as 98.7%, an increase of 6.9 percentage points compared to the traditional process's 91.8%. This is because the reaction system of this invention uses a palladium-based catalyst in the first-stage catalyst bed to achieve selective hydrogenation, and a nickel-ruthenium bimetallic catalyst in the second-stage catalyst bed to achieve deep hydrogenation. The temperature gradient design of the two-stage reactor ensures reaction efficiency and avoids side reactions caused by excessive hydrogenation. In terms of energy consumption, the energy consumption of Example 3 is 1198 kWh / t BDO, which is 36.7% lower than the 1892 kWh / t of the traditional process. This is mainly due to the low-pressure operating conditions of this invention, which significantly reduces the energy consumption of compressed hydrogen.

[0037] Therefore, it can be seen that traditional high-pressure processes rely on high-pressure conditions to force the reaction, while this invention achieves more efficient reaction conversion under low pressure through multi-stage, graded catalysis and optimized flow field design. This not only reduces the pressure resistance requirements and safety risks of the equipment, but also enhances the commercial value of the product by reducing by-products and improving selectivity.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A system for enhancing the low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to prepare BDO, characterized in that, The system includes a hydroenhanced reaction tower and a gas-liquid separation tower connected in sequence. The hydroenhanced reaction tower contains a first enhancement unit and a second enhancement unit. The first enhancement unit is located at the bottom of the hydroenhanced reaction tower, and the second enhancement unit is located in the middle of the hydroenhanced reaction tower. A first catalyst bed is located above the first enhancement unit, and a second catalyst bed is located above the second enhancement unit. A hydrogen inlet and a BYD inlet are located on one side of the hydroenhanced reaction tower. A preheater is installed on the BYD inlet, which is connected to the first enhancement unit. The hydrogen inlet is connected to both the first enhancement unit and the second enhancement unit. A first disperser is also provided between the first intensifier unit and the first catalyst bed to disperse the microbubbles after being processed by the first intensifier unit evenly. A second disperser is also provided between the second enhancement unit and the second catalyst bed; The first catalyst bed is filled with a palladium-based catalyst for low-temperature selective hydrogenation; the second catalyst bed is filled with a nickel-ruthenium bimetallic catalyst for deep hydrogenation.

2. The system for enhancing low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to prepare BDO according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first disperser includes a first guide plate and a plurality of symmetrically distributed guide port groups on the surface of the first guide plate. Each guide port group includes two guide ports, left and right, and the spraying directions of the left guide port and the right guide port are opposite.

3. The system for enhancing low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to prepare BDO according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spray direction of the guide ports on the left and right sides of the first disperser gradually increases from the center of the first intensifier unit outward within a range of 30°-60°.

4. The system for enhancing low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to prepare BDO according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second disperser includes a second guide plate and a bidirectional guide nozzle assembly and a flow-guiding diffuser plate symmetrically distributed on the surface of the second guide plate. The bidirectional guide nozzle assembly is located at the top outlet of the second intensifier unit, and its spray direction is symmetrically distributed in a V-shape to uniformly disperse the reaction products to both sides. The flow-guiding diffuser plate is located above the bidirectional nozzle assembly. The flow-guiding diffuser plate is a wavy flow-guiding diffuser plate, and the surface of the wavy flow-guiding diffuser plate is provided with flow-guiding holes to prolong the residence time of the reactants and promote the further conversion of unreacted BYD into BDO.

5. The system for enhancing low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to prepare BDO according to claim 4, characterized in that, The V-shaped spray angle of the bidirectional guide port assembly can be adjusted within the range of 45°-60° to meet the dispersion requirements under different reactant concentrations.

6. The system for enhancing low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to BDO according to claim 1, characterized in that, The other side of the hydrogenation enhanced reaction tower is provided with a reaction liquid outlet, which is connected to a circulating pump.

7. The system for enhancing low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to prepare BDO according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first intensifier unit is provided with a first intensifier unit inlet at the top, which is connected to a circulating liquid cooler, and the circulating liquid cooler is connected to the circulating pump.

8. The system for enhancing low-pressure hydrogenation of BYD to prepare BDO according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the hydrogenation enhanced reaction tower is provided with a mixed liquid outlet, which is connected to the gas-liquid separation tower inlet provided on one side of the top of the gas-liquid separation tower. The gas-liquid separator is provided with a gas-liquid separator outlet at the top, which is connected to the tail gas cooler. The gas-liquid separator is provided with a discharge outlet at the bottom, which is connected to the BDO storage tank.

Images