A bubbling bed reactor

Abstract

A kind of bubble bed reactor, including shell (3), liquid inlet (2), outlet (1) and discharge port (12), are provided with N layers of gas distributor from top to bottom at the bottom of reactor shell, respectively communicate gas inlet, the gas distributor is annular pipe structure, and the pipe ring is evenly opened with exhaust hole, and is connected with gas guide cylinder (9) through exhaust hole, and the other end of gas guide cylinder is opened;The ratio of the ring pipe diameter Dn of nth layer gas distributor and the inner diameter of shell is 0.8 [(N+1-n) / (N+1)]-1.2 [(N+1-n) / (N+1)]:1.The bubble bed reactor provided by the utility model is suitable for gas-liquid two-phase reaction and gas-liquid solid three-phase reaction, can uniformly distribute introduced gas, and inhibit reactor bottom solid phase deposition blockage, maintain long-period stable operation of reactor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a bubbling bed reactor, and more specifically, to a bubbling bed device suitable for a three-phase gas-liquid-solid or two-phase gas-liquid system and its gas distributor internal components. Background Technology

[0002] In slurry bed or bubble bed reactors, the gas phase exists in the form of bubbles and comes into contact with the liquid phase, or the liquid and fine solid particles to form a slurry. This type of reactor has wide applications in heavy oil processing, water treatment, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and other fields.

[0003] Gas distributors are crucial internal components in slurry or bubbling bed reactors, serving to uniformly distribute gas and prevent gas deviation and short-circuiting. They should also be designed to prevent clogging by solid particles, ensuring stable operation over long periods. Structurally, gas distributors should be as simple as possible to reduce manufacturing costs and minimize their impact on the flow field within the reactor. For large-scale slurry or bubbling bed reactors, the design of the gas distributor is particularly important and is one of the key factors for achieving industrial application of such reactors. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a bubble bed reactor suitable for slurry beds, based on the existing technology.

[0005] This utility model provides a bubbling bed reactor, including a shell, a liquid inlet, an outlet, and a discharge port. N layers of gas distributors are arranged from top to bottom at the bottom of the reactor shell, each connected to a gas inlet. All gas distributors are of a ring-shaped structure, with uniformly distributed exhaust holes on the ring, which are connected to a gas guide tube. The other end of the gas guide tube is the exhaust end. The ratio of the diameter Dn of the nth layer gas distributor ring to the inner diameter of the shell is 0.8[(N+1-n) / (N+1)] to 1.2[(N+1-n) / (N+1)]:1.

[0006] The present invention relates to a method for applying a bubbling bed reactor. A liquid or a slurry composed of liquid and fine solid particles enters the bubbling bed reactor through the liquid inlet at the bottom of the reactor. Gas enters the corresponding gas distributor through different gas inlets and enters the bubbling bed reactor after distribution. The reacted material is discharged from the bubbling bed reactor through the outlet at the top.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the bubble bed reactor provided by this utility model are as follows:

[0008] The bubbling reactor provided by this invention features a multi-layer gas distributor at the bottom, with each layer allowing independent gas intake. This enables flexible operation of the device, resulting in more uniform gas distribution. It is suitable for gas-liquid or gas-liquid-solid reaction systems and can maintain stable operation of the reactor over long periods. The gas distributor at the bottom of the bubbling bed in this invention, through a gas guide tube structure, can directionally purge the inner wall of the reactor, preventing solid particle deposition after long-term operation. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 A side view of the first embodiment of the bubbling reactor provided by this utility model.

[0010] Figure 2 A side view of a second embodiment of the bubbling reactor provided by this utility model.

[0011] Figure 3 This is a top view of the gas distributor pipe ring structure.

[0012] Figure 4 This is a side view of the gas distributor pipe ring structure.

[0013] Figure 5 This is a side view of a first embodiment of the gas distributor.

[0014] Figure 6 The images show a side view and a perspective view of a second embodiment of the gas distributor.

[0015] in:

[0016] 1-Outlet 2-Liquid Inlet 3-Shell

[0017] 4-Bubble; 5-First gas distributor; 5a, 5b-First gas inlet

[0018] 6-Second gas distributor; 6a, 6b-Second gas inlet; 7-Third gas distributor; 7a, 7b-Third gas inlet; 8-Circular ring pipe; 9-Gas guide tube.

[0019] 10-Tear hole 11-Connecting pipe 12-Discharge port Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following details the specific implementation of the bubble bed reactor provided by this utility model.

[0021] The bubbling bed reactor provided by this utility model includes a shell, a liquid inlet, an outlet, and a discharge port. N layers of gas distributors are arranged from top to bottom at the bottom of the reactor shell, each connected to a gas inlet. The gas distributors are all of the ring pipe type, with exhaust holes evenly opened on the pipe ring, and connected to a gas guide tube through the exhaust holes. The other end of the gas guide tube is open as the exhaust end. The ratio of the diameter Dn of the nth layer gas distributor ring pipe to the inner diameter of the shell is 0.8[(N+1-n) / (N+1)]~1.2[(N+1-n) / (N+1)]:1.

[0022] Preferably, a first gas distributor, a second gas distributor, and a third gas distributor are provided from top to bottom at the bottom of the reactor shell, respectively, and are connected to the first gas inlet, the second gas inlet, and the third gas inlet. The ratio of the diameter D1 of the first gas distributor ring pipe to the inner diameter of the reactor is 0.6-0.9:1, the ratio of the diameter D2 of the second gas distributor ring pipe to the inner diameter of the reactor is 0.4-0.6:1, and the ratio of the diameter D3 of the third gas distributor ring pipe to the inner diameter of the reactor is 0.2-0.3:1.

[0023] Optionally, the inner diameter d of the annular tube of the gas distributor is 50-350 mm. The inner diameters of the annular tubes of each gas distributor layer are d1, d2, d3, ... dn, and d1, d2, d3, ... dn can be the same or different.

[0024] Optionally, a first gas distributor is installed at a position 1%-10% from bottom to top of the reactor, and the vertical distance L between two adjacent gas distributors is 0-1m, preferably 0.1-0.6m.

[0025] Preferably, in the gas distributor, the opening direction of the exhaust port on the ring pipe and the opening direction of the exhaust end of the gas guide tube are inclined downwards; the ring pipe is also provided with tear holes 10, the openings of which face directly downwards. These tear holes can promptly discharge solid impurities from the distributor pipeline, preventing the exhaust port of the distributor from being blocked by solid impurities. Each ring pipe has one or more tear holes.

[0026] Optionally, the aperture of the opening on the gas distributor ring is 0.5-50 mm, preferably 3-30 mm; the ratio of the opening area on a single gas distributor ring to the cross-sectional area of ​​the reactor is 0.00001-0.05, preferably 0.0001-0.02, and the opening area includes the area of ​​the exhaust hole and the tear hole.

[0027] Optionally, the diameter of the air guide tube is 3-30mm, the length of the air guide tube is 3 to 10 times its inner diameter, and the distance between the exhaust end of the air guide tube and the inner wall of the reactor is 10 to 400mm.

[0028] Preferably, at least one gas distributor has a radial connecting pipe 11 inside its pipe ring. The number of connecting pipes is 1-8, and the multiple connecting pipes are evenly distributed in the pipe ring plane. The gas inlet is directly connected to the pipe ring, or the gas inlet is connected to the pipe ring via the connecting pipe.

[0029] Optionally, at least one gas distributor has at least two gas inlets, and multiple gas inlets are evenly distributed on the pipe ring.

[0030] Optionally, the liquid inlet and discharge outlet are located at the bottom of the reactor, and the outlet is located at the top of the reactor.

[0031] The bubbling bed gas distributor provided by this invention allows gas to enter the pipe ring directly through the inlet pipe or through the connecting pipe, and finally be dispersed into bubbles by the gas guide tube before entering the reactor. This bubbling bed gas distributor achieves uniform gas distribution within a slurry bed or bubbling bed. The downward-facing pipe ring openings, gas guide tube, and teardrop-shaped perforations prevent solid particles from clogging the channels and causing the gas distributor to malfunction. Furthermore, the gas guide tube structure allows for directional gas purging of the reactor's inner wall, preventing solid particle deposition after long-term operation.

[0032] In the bubbling bed reactor provided by this invention, when the number of gas distributor rings is two or more, the axial height of the rings can be set differently according to the bottom structure of the reactor. When the bottom of the reactor has a uniform diameter structure, it is preferable that the axial heights of the distributor rings are consistent. When the bottom of the reactor has an arc-shaped or other reduced-diameter structure, it is preferable that the axial height of the outer ring is higher than that of the inner ring. This ensures that the bottom of the reactor is uniformly purged by gas, avoiding flow dead zones and the deposition of solid particles.

[0033] The specific embodiments of this utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this utility model is not limited thereto.

[0034] Appendix Figure 1 This is a side view of a first embodiment of the bubble bed reactor provided by this utility model. Figure 1As shown, the bubbling bed reactor has an outlet 1 at the top, a liquid inlet 2 and a discharge port 12 at the bottom. Inside the reactor and at the bottom of the shell, from top to bottom, are a first gas distributor 5, connected to two first gas inlets 5a and 5b; a second gas distributor 6, connected to two second gas inlets 6a and 6b; and a third gas distributor 7, connected to two third gas inlets 7a and 7b. Each gas distributor has two inlets, with a circumferential angle of 180 degrees between them. The diameters of the annular pipes of the three gas distributors decrease sequentially from top to bottom. Specifically, the ratio of the annular pipe diameter D1 of the first gas distributor to the reactor's inner diameter is 0.45-0.9:1; the ratio of the annular pipe diameter D2 of the second gas distributor to the reactor's inner diameter is 0.3-0.6:1; and the ratio of the annular pipe diameter D3 of the third gas distributor to the reactor's inner diameter is 0.15-0.3:1.

[0035] During application, liquid or slurry mixed with fine solid particles enters the reactor through liquid inlet 2, while gas enters the first, second, and third gas distributors through two gas inlets on opposite sides, dispersing into bubbles as it passes through the three gas distributors. Inside the reactor, the liquid or slurry and gas flow upwards in parallel and finally exit the reactor through outlet 1. Preferably, the bubble bed reactor has a large diameter and an arc-shaped or other narrow-diameter structure at the bottom. This ensures that the bottom of the reactor is uniformly purged by gas, avoiding dead zones and the deposition of solid particles. The discharge port at the bottom of the reactor discharges the deposited solid particles, maintaining the reactor's long-term stable operation.

[0036] Appendix Figure 2 A side view of a second embodiment of the bubble bed reactor provided by this utility model. (See attached image) Figure 2 As shown, with the attached Figure 1 The difference is that the first gas distributor 5, the second gas distributor 6, and the third gas distributor 7 each have a gas inlet, namely the first gas inlet 5a, the second gas inlet 6a, and the third gas inlet 7a.

[0037] During application, gas enters the first gas distributor, the second gas distributor, and the third gas distributor through a single gas inlet on one side, and then enters the reactor through the three gas distributors and is dispersed into bubbles.

[0038] Appendix Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 These are top and side views of the gas distributor, respectively. (See attached image.) Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 As shown, the gas distributor is a circular ring tube 8, which has openings. The openings include a general exhaust port and a tear hole 10. The general exhaust port is connected to the downwardly inclined air guide tube 9, and the tear hole 10 is connected to the vertically downward air guide tube 9. The end of the air guide tube 9 is open.

[0039] Appendix Figure 5 This is a side view of a first embodiment of the gas distributor. At least one gas inlet is directly connected to the distributor loop, and the angle between the gas inlet pipe and the plane containing the distributor loop is -90 degrees to 90 degrees.

[0040] Appendix Figure 6 These are side and perspective views of a second embodiment of the gas distributor. A connecting pipe 11 is provided inside the annular tube of the gas distributor, and the gas inlet is connected to the annular tube of the gas distributor via the connecting pipe 11. Preferably, the gas inlet is located at the center of the annular tube where it connects to the connecting pipe 11.

[0041] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details described above. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] The following examples further illustrate the implementation method of this utility model, but do not limit this utility model.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] The bubble bed reactor employs a lower section equipped with two layers of gas distributors. From top to bottom, the first and second gas distributors are on the same plane. The ratio of the annular pipe diameter of the first gas distributor to the reactor diameter is 0.7, and the ratio of the annular pipe diameter of the second gas distributor to the reactor diameter is 0.475. The nominal diameter of the annular pipe is DN250mm, and the distance from the bottom of the reactor is 1.48m. The gas inlets of the first and second gas distributors are connected to the annular pipe at the center of the annular pipe via connecting pipes. The third gas distributor has an annular pipe diameter ratio of 0.25 to the reactor diameter, a nominal diameter of DN250mm, and is located 0.5m from the bottom of the reactor. It has two gas inlets at a circumferential angle of 180 degrees and is connected to the annular pipe of the second gas distributor. The orifice diameters on the annular tubes of the first, second, and third gas distributors are 8 mm, and the ratio of the total orifice area to the reactor's cross-sectional area is 0.000645. The inner diameter of the gas guide tube is 8 mm, the length of the gas guide tube is 80 mm, and the distance between the exhaust end of the gas guide tube and the wall is 60 mm. The first distributor's annular tube has four teardrop-shaped orifices, and the gas guide tubes for the remaining exhaust holes are at a 30-degree angle to the axial direction. The second gas distributor's annular tube has four teardrop-shaped orifices, and the gas guide tubes for the remaining exhaust holes are at a 30-degree angle to the axial direction. The third gas distributor's annular tube has two teardrop-shaped orifices, and the gas guide tubes for the remaining exhaust holes are at a 30-degree angle to the axial direction. The axial height distance between the three gas distributors is 980 mm.

[0045] In the bubbling bed reactor, the average diameter of the solid particles in the slurry is 100 micrometers, and the density is 1800 kg / m³. 3 The solid volume content is 2.275%, and the aeration rate is 1179.9 m³. 3 / h.

[0046] The uniformity of gas distribution is characterized by the distribution non-uniformity calculated by the following formula:

[0047]

[0048] Where N is the number of openings in the annular pipe, Q i The gas flow rate M entering the reactor through a single vent is... f The value of M is between 0 and 1. f The smaller the value, the more uniform the gas distribution.

[0049] The gas distribution non-uniformity of the distributor was measured to be 0.01937, which indicates that during the operation of the bubbling bed reactor, all openings of the bubbling gas distributor can discharge gas evenly, and there is no solid particle deposition at the bottom of the reactor.

Claims

1. A bubble bed reactor, characterized in that, The reactor includes a shell (3), a liquid inlet (2), an outlet (1), and a discharge port (12). N layers of gas distributors are arranged from top to bottom at the bottom of the reactor shell, each connected to a gas inlet. All gas distributors are of a ring-shaped structure, with uniformly spaced exhaust holes on the ring, which connect to a gas guide tube (9). The other end of the gas guide tube is the exhaust end. The ratio of the diameter Dn of the nth layer gas distributor ring to the inner diameter of the shell is 0.8[(N+1-n) / (N+1)]~1.

2. [(N+1-n) / (N+1)]:

1.

2. The bubbling bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first gas distributor (5), a second gas distributor (6), and a third gas distributor are provided from top to bottom at the bottom of the reactor shell, respectively connecting to the first gas inlet, the second gas inlet, and the third gas inlet. The ratio of the diameter of the annular pipe D1 of the first gas distributor to the inner diameter of the reactor is 0.6-0.9:1, the ratio of the diameter of the annular pipe D2 of the second gas distributor to the inner diameter of the reactor is 0.4-0.6:1, and the ratio of the diameter of the annular pipe D3 of the third gas distributor to the inner diameter of the reactor is 0.2-0.3:

1.

3. The bubbling bed reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The gas distributor is an annular circular tube with an inner diameter d of 50-350 mm.

4. The bubbling bed reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first gas distributor is installed at a position 1%-10% from bottom to top of the reactor, and the vertical distance between two adjacent gas distributors is 0-1m, preferably 0.1-0.6m.

5. The bubbling bed reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In the gas distributor, the opening direction of the exhaust port on the ring pipe and the opening direction of the exhaust end of the gas guide tube are inclined downward; the ring pipe is also provided with a tear hole (10), and the opening of the tear hole faces directly downward.

6. The bubbling bed reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The aperture of the gas distributor ring is 0.5-50 mm; the ratio of the aperture area of ​​a single gas distributor ring to the cross-sectional area of ​​the reactor is 0.00001-0.05, and the aperture area includes the area of ​​the exhaust port and the tear port.

7. The bubbling bed reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The diameter of the air guide tube (9) is 3-30mm, the length of the air guide tube is 3 to 10 times its inner diameter, and the distance between the exhaust end of the air guide tube (9) and the inner wall of the reactor is 10 to 400mm.

8. The bubbling bed reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, At least one gas distributor has a radial connecting pipe (11) inside its pipe ring. The number of connecting pipes is 1-8. The multiple connecting pipes are evenly distributed in the pipe ring plane. The gas inlet is directly connected to the pipe ring, or the gas inlet is connected to the pipe ring via the connecting pipe.

9. The bubbling bed reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, At least one gas distributor has at least two gas inlets, and multiple gas inlets are evenly distributed on the pipe ring.

10. The bubbling bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid inlet (2) and discharge port (12) are located at the bottom of the reactor, and the outlet (1) is located at the top of the reactor.

Images