Integrated coal washing, crushing and discharging device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of coal washing and crushing, and particularly discloses an integrated coal washing and crushing and discharging device, which comprises a double-layer semispherical fairing located at the top of a box body, a three-stage crushing roller assembly, a spiral coal washing groove connected to the lower part of the three-stage crushing roller assembly, and a dehydration and discharging valve in communication with the bottom of the spiral coal washing groove; the three-stage crushing roller assembly is coaxially arranged and shares a fixed non-rotating main shaft. The patent aims to solve the problem that the existing coal blocks are only crushed by single-stage crushing, the finished product rate of the coal block particle size is low, and the coal blocks need to be re-put into crushing through external circulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of coal washing and crushing technology, and in particular to an integrated coal washing, crushing and feeding device. Background Technology

[0002] The coal washing feeding mechanism and crushing device are key equipment in the coal processing process. They are mainly used to crush raw coal to the target particle size and transport it to the coal washing system to meet the process requirements of subsequent sorting or combustion. Traditional crushing devices crush large pieces of coal through methods such as roller pressing and impact, while the feeding mechanism is responsible for controlling the feeding rate to avoid equipment overload. The efficiency of their coordinated operation directly affects the processing capacity and stability of the coal washing production line.

[0003] Existing technologies, such as the patent with authorization announcement number CN219965004U, can separate and recycle substandard materials through filter mesh, but their crushing process still has obvious limitations: 1. The particle size of single-stage crushing is not adjustable, and it relies on a single set of crushing rollers for one-time crushing, making it difficult to dynamically adjust the number of crushing stages for raw coal with different hardness or particle size, which easily leads to insufficient crushing; 2. The processing efficiency is low, and substandard materials need to be recycled and put back into the crushing process through external circulation, which increases the energy consumption and time cost of conveying.

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, a collaborative device integrating graded crushing and coal washing functions is urgently needed. This invention proposes a multi-component collaborative device integrating graded crushing and coal washing, combining crushing, screening, and coal washing processes into a single unit through an integrated structural design. This solution aims to solve the problem of low yield rates for coal lumps due to single-stage crushing, necessitating external recycling for further crushing. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model solves the technical problem of providing an integrated coal washing, crushing, and feeding device, which solves the problem that existing coal blocks only undergo single-stage crushing, resulting in low yield of finished coal block particles and the need for external recycling for re-crushing.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: an integrated coal washing and crushing feeding device, including a double-layer hemispherical guide shroud located at the top of the box, a three-stage crushing drum assembly, a spiral coal washing trough connected to the lower part of the three-stage crushing drum assembly, and a dewatering and unloading valve connected to the bottom of the spiral coal washing trough; the three-stage crushing drum assembly includes, along the axial direction, a fan-shaped toothed plate layer, an alloy hammer layer, and a spiral grinding layer, and the three-stage crushing drum assembly is coaxially arranged and shares a fixed, non-rotating main shaft; the fan-shaped toothed plate layer is divided into four small layers with gradually decreasing interlayer spacing, and each small layer is connected by a shaft. The bearing is mounted on the main shaft, and each small layer has its own gear. Each motor drives a small gear, which meshes with the gear ring of the corresponding layer. The fan-shaped toothed plate layer rotates in different directions with adjacent small layers. The outer side of the alloy hammer layer is composed of two semi-circular arcs, with alloy hammers arranged in a staggered plum blossom pattern on the two semi-circular arcs. The two semi-circular arcs are mounted on the guide rail, and the alloy hammer layer is pushed along the guide rail by an electric push rod. The alloy hammer layer has a crushing shaft on the main shaft, and the crushing shaft is equipped with alloy hammers. The spiral grinding layer has two layers, and the texture surface of the bonding layer is distributed with parallel straight grooves.

[0007] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this solution are: 1. This solution uses a three-stage cascade crushing structure, through a fan-shaped toothed plate layer, an alloy hammerhead layer, and a spiral grinding layer, to complete the entire process from coarse to fine crushing of coal blocks in one process, reducing the proportion of substandard particles and reducing or even eliminating the need for external re-crushing; 2. This technical solution directly connects to the spiral coal washing trough and dewatering leakage valve after three-stage crushing, forming a continuous production line of crushing, coal washing, and dewatering. The closed-loop circulation design reduces material transfer links and improves production efficiency.

[0008] Furthermore, the alloy hammers on the crushing shaft and the alloy hammers on the two outer semicircular arcs are arranged in a staggered, quincunx pattern.

[0009] Furthermore, the cross-section of the straight groove is symmetrically V-shaped, with inclined slopes on both sides. Sharp protruding ridges of equal width are formed between adjacent grooves. The ridges are continuous and in the same direction, and the groove width, depth and ridge spacing are kept highly uniform.

[0010] Furthermore, the double-layer hemispherical air guide includes an outer fixed metal plate and a rotatable inner transparent window, both of which are 1 / 4 spherical surfaces. The transparent window is installed on the top of the box via concentric circular tracks, and the rotation trajectory of the transparent window allows the transparent window and the fixed metal plate to form a complete hemispherical sealing surface.

[0011] Furthermore, the main body of the spiral coal washing trough is a spiral chute with a parabolic or elliptical cross-section.

[0012] Furthermore, the dewatering unloading valve includes a rotary screen basket, a valve plate, and a unloading valve. The rotary screen basket is funnel-shaped, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with screen holes on its surface. The screen hole diameter is smaller than the coal particle size. The valve plate is located at the bottom of the dewatering unloading valve and is installed via a rotating shaft that does not pass through the center of the valve plate. The rotating shaft consists of an inner rotating rod and an outer fixed rod. The two ends of the outer fixed rod are fixed to the unloading valve. The fixed rod has uniformly long holes along its axial direction. The rotating rod is located inside the fixed rod, and a short rod is fixed on the rotating rod. The short rod extends out from the uniformly long holes of the fixed rod and is fixed to the valve plate. At the midpoint of the rotating shaft, there is a vertically downward fixed support, which is fixed to the outer rotating rod.

[0013] Furthermore, the discharge valve includes a liner, a pneumatic damper, and a spring. The liner is located on the upper periphery of the discharge valve. One end of the pneumatic damper is hinged to the lower apex of the fixed support, and the other end rests on the center of the valve plate.

[0014] Furthermore, one end of the spring is connected to the top of the fixed support, and the other end is fixed to the center point of the lighter side of the valve plate.

[0015] Furthermore, a vibration motor is installed on the outside of the dewatering discharge valve, and the vibration motor is fixed on the outer wall of the dewatering discharge valve. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment structure in this application.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air guide cover for the device in this application.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fan-shaped toothed plate layer structure of the equipment in this application.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the alloy hammerhead layer structure of the device in this application.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating grinding layer structure of the equipment in this application.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating coal washing trough structure of the equipment in this application. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating screen basket structure of the equipment in this application.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the unloading valve structure of the equipment in this application. Figure 1 .

[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the unloading valve structure of the equipment in this application. Figure 2 .

[0024] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the rotating shaft structure of the device in this application.

[0025] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Enlarged view of part A in the middle.

[0026] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Draft shield; 11. Metal plate; 12. Transparent window; 2. Three-stage crushing drum assembly; 21. Sector toothed plate layer; 22. Alloy hammer layer; 23. Spiral grinding layer; 3. Spiral coal washing trough; 4. Dewatering and unloading valve; 41. Rotary screen basket; 42. Liner; 43. Pneumatic damper; 44. Spring; 45. Vibration motor; 46. Rotating shaft; 461. Fixed rod; 462. Rotating rod; 463. Short rod; 47. Fixed support; 48. Valve plate. Detailed Implementation

[0027] This application mainly adopts a staged crushing and coal washing integration, and a multi-component collaborative design, which achieves the effect of improving raw coal processing efficiency, reducing land occupation and maintenance time. The following is a further detailed description of this application.

[0028] Example 1 The integrated coal washing, crushing, and feeding equipment includes a double-layered hemispherical guide hood 1 located at the top of the housing, a coaxially arranged three-stage crushing drum assembly 2, a spiral coal washing trough 3 connected to the lower part of the three-stage crushing drum assembly 2, and a dewatering discharge valve 4 connected to the bottom of the spiral coal washing trough 3. The double-layered hemispherical guide hood 1, located at the top of the housing, allows for visual monitoring of the material level, enabling operators to easily observe the material conditions inside the housing. It also allows for the closure of the observation window when not in operation, preventing accidents caused by operators approaching or contacting moving parts, thus ensuring personnel safety. The three-stage crushing drum assembly 2 improves the processing efficiency of coal blocks through graded crushing. The dewatering discharge valve 4, connected to the bottom of the spiral coal washing trough 3, can adjust the discharge speed and prevent coal adhesion blockage, ensuring smooth discharge.

[0029] Specifically, the double-layer hemispherical air duct 1 includes an outer fixed metal plate 11 and a rotatable inner transparent window 12, both of which are 1 / 4 spherical surfaces. The transparent window 12 is installed on the top of the housing via concentric circular tracks, and its rotation trajectory allows it to form a complete hemispherical sealing surface with the fixed metal plate 11, thereby realizing the switching between observation and safety protection functions.

[0030] Specifically, the three-stage crushing drum assembly 2 includes, along the axial direction, an upper fan-shaped toothed plate layer 21, an intermediate alloy hammer layer 22, and a lower spiral grinding layer 23. The fan-shaped toothed plate layer 21, the alloy hammer layer 22, and the spiral grinding layer 23 are coaxially connected. Coaxial connection means that the three-stage crushing drum assembly 2 shares the same main shaft, which only serves as a support and is fixed and does not rotate.

[0031] The upper fan-shaped toothed plate layer 21 is made of high-manganese steel, which has high wear resistance and can withstand the impact of coal blocks during coarse crushing. The fan-shaped toothed plate layer 21 is divided into four small layers from top to bottom, with the spacing between the layers gradually decreasing. Each small layer is mounted on the main shaft by bearings and has its own gear. Each motor drives a small gear, which meshes with the gear ring of the corresponding layer, thereby driving the layer to rotate. The first and third small layers rotate clockwise, while the second and fourth small layers rotate counterclockwise. The relative rotation between the fan-shaped toothed plate layers shears and crushes the coal blocks, effectively coarsely crushing them.

[0032] The outer side of the intermediate alloy hammerhead layer 22 consists of two semi-circular arcs. Alloy hammerheads are arranged in a staggered, quincunx pattern on these two semi-circular arcs. The two semi-circular arcs are mounted on guide rails. An electric push rod pushes the alloy hammerhead layer 22 along the guide rails to move it closer to or further away from the center of the main shaft, thereby adjusting the radial spacing of the intermediate alloy hammerhead layer 22 to accommodate different coal blocks requiring different crushing particle sizes, ensuring the stability and consistency of the crushing effect. A crushing shaft is mounted on the main shaft of the intermediate alloy hammerhead layer 22, and alloy hammerheads are also mounted on the crushing shaft. The alloy hammerheads on the crushing shaft and the alloy hammerheads on the two outer semi-circular arcs are arranged in a staggered, quincunx pattern. The coal blocks are moderately crushed by the inward compression of the alloy hammerheads on the outer semi-circular arcs.

[0033] The spiral grinding layer 23 has two layers, with a textured interface between them. The textured surface of the interface layer is covered with densely packed, parallel straight grooves. Each groove has a symmetrical V-shaped cross-section with inclined sides. Sharp, raised ridges of equal width are formed between adjacent grooves. These ridges are continuous and oriented in the same direction. The width, depth, and spacing of the grooves and ridges remain highly uniform without random variations. All textures extend strictly along a single radial direction without intersections or branching. Coal lumps enter the space between the two layers through the holes in the upper layer of the spiral grinding layer 23, moving outwards along the texture. As they roll across the two layers, they are ground. Coal lumps that meet the required particle size after grinding are sieved through the screen holes at the edge of the lower layer.

[0034] The fan-shaped toothed plate layer 21, the alloy hammerhead layer 22, and the spiral grinding layer 23 work together. First, the fan-shaped toothed plate layer 21 performs coarse crushing, initially breaking down larger coal blocks. Then, the alloy hammerhead layer 22 performs medium crushing, further adjusting the particle size of the coal blocks. Finally, the spiral grinding layer 23 performs fine crushing and screening to ensure that the final coal block particle size meets the requirements. This staged crushing method can perform targeted processing according to the different states of the coal blocks, improving the crushing effect and efficiency.

[0035] Specifically, the spiral coal washing trough 3 is primarily a spiral chute with a parabolic or elliptical cross-section. Coal blocks are separated by gravity based on density within the spirally moving water flow, utilizing the combined effects of centrifugal force, friction, water pressure, and the particles' own weight. The spiral coal washing trough 3 is mainly used for coal preparation. After exiting from the bottom of the trough, the coal enters the dewatering discharge valve 4. The spiral coal washing trough 3 is a mature existing technology and will not be discussed further here.

[0036] Specifically, the dewatering discharge valve 4 includes a rotary screen basket 41 for dewatering. The rotary screen basket 41 is funnel-shaped, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, and has screen holes on its surface. The screen hole diameter is smaller than the coal particle size. After the coal-water mixture is initially screened by the spiral coal washing tank 3, it enters the rotary screen basket 41. The rotary screen basket 41 starts to rotate, and under the action of centrifugal force, water is thrown through the screen holes into the water collection tank and discharged to the sedimentation tank through the drain pipe. Because the coal particle size is larger than the screen hole, it sticks to the screen wall for dewatering under the action of centrifugal force. The dewatered coal slides down the side of the screen basket and enters the feed port of the dewatering discharge valve 4.

[0037] Specifically, the dewatering discharge valve 4 also includes a discharge valve and a valve plate for discharging material. The discharge valve includes a liner 42, a pneumatic damper 43, and a spring 44. The liner 42 is located on the upper periphery of the discharge valve. The liner 42 is wear-resistant and can withstand the friction and impact of the material, extending the service life of the discharge valve. The valve plate 48 at the lower part of the dewatering discharge valve 4 is fixed on the rotating shaft 46. Specifically, the rotating shaft 46 consists of an inner rotating rod 462 and an outer fixed rod 461. The two ends of the outer fixed rod 461 are fixed to the discharge valve. The outer fixed rod 461 has uniformly elongated holes along the axial direction. The rotating rod 462 is located inside the fixed rod 461. A short rod 463 is fixed on the rotating rod 462. The short rod 463 extends out from the uniformly elongated holes of the fixed rod 461 and is fixed on the valve plate 48. The rotating rod 462 is limited by the short rod 463 and can rotate within the fixed rod 461 in a restricted manner. The valve plate 48 is mounted via a rotating shaft 46 that does not pass through its exact center. This allows the heavier side of the valve plate 48 to rotate downwards like a seesaw under the weight of the material, achieving automatic unloading. A vertically downward fixed support 47 is located at the midpoint of the rotating shaft 46. The fixed support 47 is fixed to the outer rotating rod 461 and therefore does not rotate with the rotating shaft 46. One end of the pneumatic damper 43 is hinged to the lower apex of the fixed support 47, and the other end rests on the center of the valve plate 48. The pneumatic damper 43 can adjust the opening and closing speed of the dewatering unloading valve 4, buffering and stabilizing the coal discharge speed. One end of the spring 44 is also connected to the apex of the fixed support 47, and the other end is fixed to the center point of the lighter side of the valve plate 48. When the heavier side of the valve plate 48 rotates downwards under the weight of the material, the spring 44 is stretched by tension, generating a contracting elastic force, thereby adjusting the opening angle of the valve plate 48 to control the discharge speed. Meanwhile, a vibration motor 45 is installed on the outside of the dewatering discharge valve 4. The vibration motor 45 is fixed to the outer wall of the dewatering discharge valve 4. The vibration motor 45 can generate vibration to prevent coal sticking and blockage. The dewatering discharge valve 4, through the combination of the liner 42, pneumatic damper 43, spring 44 and vibration motor 45, achieves precise control of the feeding speed and can effectively prevent coal sticking and blockage, ensuring smooth feeding.

[0038] The specific implementation process of this embodiment is as follows: Coal blocks fall into the top guide shroud 1 of the equipment and enter the fan-shaped toothed plate layer 21 under the action of gravity. The coal blocks are squeezed and split in the gap between the toothed plates for coarse crushing. After coarse crushing, the coal blocks fall to the alloy hammer head layer 22 under the action of gravity. The staggered alloy hammer heads crush the coal blocks by squeezing. The electric push rod can adjust the distance between the two semi-circular arcs of the hammer head layer in real time to adapt to coal blocks of different properties and the required crushing particle size. After medium crushing, the coal blocks fall into the spiral grinding layer 23 under the action of gravity and move outward along the texture. They are ground when rolling over the two layers. The finely crushed coal particles pass through the screen holes at the edge of the spiral grinding layer 23 and fall into the spiral coal washing tank 3. Finally, the coal is collected through the dewatering discharge valve 4.

[0039] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of this utility model, and common knowledge regarding specific structures and characteristics is not elaborated upon here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of this utility model, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model. These modifications will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of this utility model or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application shall be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An integrated coal washing, crushing, and feeding device, comprising a double-layer hemispherical guide shroud located at the top of the housing, a three-stage crushing drum assembly, a spiral coal washing trough connected to the lower part of the three-stage crushing drum assembly, and a dewatering and unloading valve communicating with the bottom of the spiral coal washing trough, characterized in that: The three-stage crushing drum assembly comprises, along its axial direction, a fan-shaped toothed plate layer, an alloy hammer layer, and a spiral grinding layer. The three-stage crushing drum assembly is coaxially arranged and shares a fixed, non-rotating main shaft. The fan-shaped toothed plate layer is divided into four smaller layers with gradually decreasing interlayer spacing. Each smaller layer is mounted on the main shaft via bearings and has its own gear. Each motor drives a small gear, which meshes with the gear ring of the corresponding layer. Adjacent smaller layers of the fan-shaped toothed plate layer rotate in different directions. The outer side of the alloy hammer layer consists of two semi-circular arcs with alloy hammers arranged in a staggered, quincunx pattern. The two semi-circular arcs are mounted on guide rails, and the alloy hammer layer slides along the guide rails via an electric push rod. The alloy hammer layer has a crushing shaft mounted on the main shaft, with alloy hammers mounted on the crushing shaft. The spiral grinding layer has two layers, with parallel straight grooves distributed on the textured surface of the combined layer.

2. The integrated coal washing, crushing, and feeding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alloy hammers on the crushing shaft and the alloy hammers on the two outer semicircular arcs are arranged in a staggered, plum blossom pattern.

3. The integrated coal washing, crushing, and feeding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straight groove has a symmetrical V-shaped cross-section with inclined slopes on both sides. Sharp raised ridges of equal width are formed between adjacent grooves. The ridges are continuous and in the same direction. The groove width, depth and ridge spacing are kept highly uniform.

4. The integrated coal washing, crushing, and feeding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-layer hemispherical air guide includes an outer fixed metal plate and a rotatable inner transparent window, both of which are 1 / 4 spherical surfaces. The transparent window is installed on the top of the box via a concentric circular track. The rotation trajectory of the transparent window allows the transparent window and the fixed metal plate to form a complete hemispherical sealing surface.

5. The integrated coal washing, crushing, and feeding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body of the spiral coal washing trough is a spiral chute with a parabolic or elliptical cross-section.

6. The integrated coal washing, crushing, and feeding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dewatering discharge valve includes a rotary screen basket, a valve plate, and a discharge valve. The rotary screen basket is funnel-shaped, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with screen holes on its surface. The screen hole diameter is smaller than the coal particle size. The valve plate is located at the bottom of the dewatering discharge valve and is installed via a rotating shaft that does not pass through the center of the valve plate. The rotating shaft consists of an inner rotating rod and an outer fixed rod. The two ends of the outer fixed rod are fixed to the discharge valve. The fixed rod has uniformly long holes along its axial direction. The rotating rod is located inside the fixed rod, and a short rod is fixed on the rotating rod. The short rod extends out from the uniformly long holes of the fixed rod and is fixed to the valve plate. At the midpoint of the rotating shaft, there is a vertically downward fixed support, which is fixed to the outer rotating rod.

7. The integrated coal washing, crushing, and feeding equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The discharge valve includes a liner, a pneumatic damper, and a spring. The liner is located on the upper periphery of the discharge valve. One end of the pneumatic damper is hinged to the lower apex of the fixed support, and the other end rests on the center of the valve plate.

8. The integrated coal washing, crushing, and feeding equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of the spring is connected to the top of the fixed support, and the other end is fixed to the center point of the lighter side of the valve plate.

9. The integrated coal washing, crushing, and feeding equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: A vibration motor is installed on the outside of the dewatering discharge valve, and the vibration motor is fixed on the outer wall of the dewatering discharge valve.

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