Welding ring collar mechanism and pipe body processing equipment

Abstract

This utility model provides a welding ring collar mechanism and a tube processing equipment. The welding ring collar mechanism includes a push rod assembly, which is movably arranged, and an impact structure is provided at the free end of the push rod assembly; a collar plate, which has a collar channel for the target welding ring to move into the collar plate; wherein, the push rod assembly can move relatively towards or away from the collar plate, so that when the impact structure contacts the collar plate, it applies an impact force to the collar plate, so that the target welding ring in the collar channel moves along the extension direction of the collar channel to the target position; this solves the problem of welding rings easily getting stuck during the conveying process of the existing technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of liquid inlet pipe processing, and more specifically, to a welding ring fitting mechanism and pipe body processing equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of automated welding, especially for copper pipe and nut connections in the air conditioning and refrigeration industry, weld ring conveying mechanisms play a crucial role. These mechanisms are typically equipped with vibratory feeders, which arrange and transport the randomly arranged weld rings onto connected conveyor tracks. The conveyor tracks are designed to precisely deliver the weld rings within the working range of the welding robot, thereby automating the welding process and improving production efficiency and weld quality consistency.

[0003] However, although the combination of vibratory feeder and conveyor track has achieved a certain degree of automated conveying of welding rings, significant limitations still exist in actual operation. Specifically, when the welding ring moves in the conveyor track, due to the dimensional inaccuracies of the welding ring, irregularities in its shape, or minor defects in the track design, the welding ring sometimes gets stuck at a certain position on the track, forming a so-called "ring jamming" phenomenon. This problem not only disrupts the continuity of welding operations, forcing the production line to stop, but also requires manual intervention to remove the jamming, greatly reducing the level of automation and production efficiency of the welding process. In addition, frequent ring jamming increases equipment maintenance costs, affects welding quality and the stability of the production line, thus becoming a major technical obstacle restricting the widespread application of automated welding technology. Utility Model Content

[0004] The main purpose of this utility model is to provide a welding ring fitting mechanism and a tube processing equipment to solve the problem that welding rings are easily stuck during the conveying process on the conveying track in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a welding ring fitting mechanism is provided for fitting a target welding ring onto a target component, comprising:

[0006] The push rod assembly is movably configured, and the free end of the push rod assembly is provided with an impact structure;

[0007] A collar plate with a collar channel for the target welding ring to move to the collar plate;

[0008] The push rod assembly can move relative to the collar plate, either towards or away from it, so that when the impact structure contacts the collar plate, it applies an impact force to the collar plate, causing the target weld ring in the collar channel to move to the target position along the extension direction of the collar channel.

[0009] Furthermore, the impact structure includes:

[0010] The first impact block is mounted on the push rod assembly;

[0011] The second impact block is disposed on the side of the push rod assembly away from the first impact block, so as to apply an impact force to the collar plate upon contact with it, wherein at least a portion of the second impact block is deformable.

[0012] Furthermore, the portion of the second impact block that is away from the first impact block is made of a deformable material, so that at least a portion of the second impact block deforms when it comes into contact with the collar plate, and at least a portion of the second impact block returns to its original shape when it separates from the collar plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the push rod assembly includes a cylindrical push rod, and a first impact block is sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the push rod;

[0014] The inner wall of the first impact block is provided with a first locking position, and the outer peripheral surface of the push rod is provided with a second locking position at a position corresponding to the first locking position. The first locking position and the second locking position engage with each other.

[0015] Furthermore, the outer circumferential surface of the top rod is provided with a limiting protrusion in the circumferential direction. There are at least two sets of limiting protrusions, and a limiting space is formed between the two sets of limiting protrusions. The first impact block is located in the limiting space, and the limiting surface of the limiting protrusion abuts against the two sides of the first impact block.

[0016] Furthermore, the push rod assembly includes a cylindrical push rod, and a second impact block is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the push rod assembly and disposed relatively close to the collar plate, wherein the second impact block is fixedly connected to the first impact block.

[0017] Furthermore, the side of the second impact block away from the first impact block is provided with an elastic protrusion.

[0018] Furthermore, the deformable part of the second impact block is made of rubber.

[0019] Furthermore, the welding ring and collar mechanism also includes:

[0020] Vibratory feeder assembly, comprising a vibratory feeder for a target welding ring and a ring feeding track in communication with the vibratory feeder;

[0021] The ring-feeding track is connected to the ring-catching channel.

[0022] According to another aspect of the present invention, a pipe processing device is provided, including a welding ring retaining mechanism, which is the welding ring retaining mechanism described above.

[0023] By applying the technical solution of this utility model, firstly, by adopting a movable push rod assembly and equipping it with an impact structure at a position relatively close to its free end, the mechanism can accurately control the movement of the welding ring, avoiding the phenomenon of welding ring jamming in traditional conveying methods, significantly improving the stability and continuity of welding ring conveying, and providing a solid foundation for automated welding operations.

[0024] Secondly, the motion characteristics of the push rod assembly enable it to move closer to or further away from the collar plate. This dynamic adjustment capability ensures the smooth movement of the welding ring within the collar channel. Even if a welding ring with a small size deviation or irregular shape is encountered, it can be guided to the correct conveying path through appropriate impact force, thereby effectively reducing the downtime of the welding production line and significantly improving production efficiency.

[0025] Furthermore, the unique design of this mechanism allows the welding ring to move precisely to the target position along the extension direction of the collar channel, providing extremely accurate positioning for subsequent welding operations. This greatly improves the consistency and reliability of welding quality and reduces welding defects caused by inaccurate welding ring positioning, such as uneven welds and insufficient connection strength. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 This paper shows a schematic diagram of the collar mechanism of an embodiment of the present application from a first-view perspective;

[0028] Figure 2 An embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 1 Enlarged view of section B;

[0029] Figure 3 This paper shows a schematic diagram of the collar mechanism of an embodiment of the present application from a first-view perspective;

[0030] Figure 4 An embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 3 Enlarged view of part A of the collar mechanism in the image;

[0031] Figure 5 A structural diagram of a vibratory feeder assembly according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0032] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0033] 1. Impact structure; 11. First impact block; 12. Second impact block; 2. Target welding ring; 31. Top rod assembly; 311. Top rod; 32. Vibratory plate assembly; 321. Vibratory plate; 33. Collar plate; 3312. Collar channel. Detailed Implementation

[0034] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] In the field of automated welding, especially for copper pipe and nut connections in the air conditioning and refrigeration industry, weld ring conveying mechanisms play a crucial role. These mechanisms are typically equipped with vibratory feeders, which arrange and transport the randomly arranged weld rings onto connected conveyor tracks. The conveyor tracks are designed to precisely deliver the weld rings within the working range of the welding robot, thereby automating the welding process and improving production efficiency and weld quality consistency.

[0036] However, although the combination of vibratory feeder and conveyor track has achieved a certain degree of automated conveying of welding rings, significant limitations still exist in actual operation. Specifically, when the welding ring moves in the conveyor track, due to the dimensional inaccuracies of the welding ring, irregularities in its shape, or minor defects in the track design, the welding ring sometimes gets stuck at a certain position on the track, forming a so-called "ring jamming" phenomenon. This problem not only disrupts the continuity of welding operations, forcing the production line to stop, but also requires manual intervention to remove the jamming, greatly reducing the level of automation and production efficiency of the welding process. In addition, frequent ring jamming increases equipment maintenance costs, affects welding quality and the stability of the production line, thus becoming a major technical obstacle restricting the widespread application of automated welding technology.

[0037] Therefore, this application provides a welding ring fitting mechanism and a tube body processing equipment.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this application embodiment first provides a welding ring fitting mechanism for fitting a target welding ring 2 onto a target component, including: a push rod assembly 31, the push rod assembly 31 being movably arranged, and an impact structure 1 being provided at the free end of the push rod assembly 31;

[0040] The collar plate 33 is provided with a collar channel 3312 to allow the target welding ring 2 to move into the collar plate 33;

[0041] The push rod assembly 31 can move relative to the direction of approaching or moving away from the collar plate 33, so that when the impact structure 1 contacts the collar plate 33, it applies an impact force to the collar plate 33, so that the target welding ring 2 in the collar channel 3312 moves to the target position along the extension direction of the collar channel 3312.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the welding ring collar mechanism provided in this embodiment achieves significant technical advantages. First, by employing a movable push rod assembly 31 and equipping it with an impact structure 1 relatively close to its free end, this mechanism can precisely control the movement of the welding ring, avoiding the phenomenon of welding ring jamming in traditional conveying methods, significantly improving the stability and continuity of welding ring conveying, and providing a solid foundation for automated welding operations.

[0043] Secondly, the motion characteristics of the push rod assembly 31 enable it to move closer to or further away from the collar plate 33. This dynamic adjustment capability ensures the smooth movement of the welding ring within the collar channel 3312. Even if a welding ring with a small size deviation or irregular shape is encountered, it can be guided to the correct conveying path by appropriate impact force, thereby effectively reducing the downtime of the welding production line and significantly improving production efficiency.

[0044] Furthermore, the unique design of this mechanism enables the welding ring to move precisely to the target position along the extension direction of the collar channel 3312, providing extremely accurate positioning for subsequent welding operations. This greatly improves the consistency and reliability of welding quality and reduces welding defects caused by inaccurate welding ring positioning, such as uneven welds and insufficient connection strength.

[0045] Furthermore, the impact structure 1 includes:

[0046] The first impact block 11 is disposed on the push rod assembly 31;

[0047] The second impact block 12 is disposed on the side of the top rod assembly 31 away from the first impact block 11, so as to apply an impact force to the collar plate 33 when in contact with the collar plate 33, wherein at least a portion of the second impact block 12 is deformable.

[0048] The welding ring collar mechanism in this embodiment further optimizes the impact structure 1. By introducing a first impact block 11 and a second impact block 12, and designing at least a portion of the second impact block 12 to be made of a deformable material, more precise and flexible welding ring conveying control is achieved. Specifically, when the push rod assembly 31 moves toward the collar plate 33, the deformable portion of the second impact block 12 deforms upon contact with the collar plate 33. This deformation not only applies a gentle yet effective impact force to the collar plate 33, causing the target welding ring 2 to move along the collar channel 3312 to the target position, but also, due to its deformable characteristics, automatically adjusts the magnitude of the impact force according to the actual size and shape of the welding ring, avoiding excessive impact force from damaging the welding ring or the collar plate 33, thus ensuring the safety and integrity of the welding ring during the conveying process.

[0049] Furthermore, the deformable design of the second impact block 12 effectively buffers the hard contact between the push rod assembly 31 and the collar plate 33, reducing mechanical wear, extending the service life of the equipment, and lowering maintenance costs. Simultaneously, this flexible impact method reduces noise levels during the welding ring conveying process, improving the comfort of the working environment. This reflects the comprehensive consideration of both efficiency and quality improvement, as well as the durability and environmental friendliness of the equipment in this application embodiment.

[0050] Furthermore, the push rod assembly includes a cylindrical push rod 311, and a first impact block 11 is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the push rod 311;

[0051] The inner wall of the first impact block 11 is provided with a first locking position, and the outer peripheral surface of the push rod 311 is provided with a second locking position corresponding to the first locking position. The first locking position and the second locking position are engaged in a locking fit.

[0052] In this embodiment, the details of the push rod assembly 31 are innovatively designed, further enhancing the functionality and flexibility of the welding ring collar mechanism. Specifically, the push rod 311 adopts a cylindrical design, ensuring stability and smoothness during its movement, which is beneficial for precisely controlling the conveying path of the welding ring. The first impact block 11 is sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the push rod 311, forming a tight fixed connection with the push rod, ensuring the stability of the impact structure 1 during movement, and avoiding weakening or failure of the impact force due to loosening.

[0053] More importantly, the first impact block 11 has a first snap-fit ​​position inside, while the corresponding position of the push rod 311 has a second snap-fit ​​position. The two are fixed together by snap-fit. This design not only simplifies the assembly process of the push rod assembly 31, but also enhances the connection between the first impact block 11 and the push rod 311, effectively avoiding the loosening problem that may occur after long-term use, and improving the overall stability and durability of the mechanism.

[0054] Furthermore, the snap-fit ​​mechanism of the first snap-fit ​​position and the second snap-fit ​​position provides better rigid support for the push rod assembly 31, which enables the force to be transmitted more concentratedly and effectively when the impact force is applied to the collar plate 33. This ensures that the welding ring can smoothly pass through the collar channel 3312 to reach the target position, thereby avoiding the problem of inaccurate positioning of the welding ring caused by the dispersion of impact force, and further improving the welding quality and efficiency.

[0055] Furthermore, the outer peripheral surface of the push rod 311 is provided with a limiting protrusion in the circumferential direction. There are at least two sets of limiting protrusions, and a limiting space is formed between the two sets of limiting protrusions. The first impact block 11 is located in the limiting space, and the limiting surface of the limiting protrusion abuts against the two sides of the first impact block 11.

[0056] In this embodiment, the outer circumferential surface of the push rod 311 is provided with two sets of limiting protrusions, which form a limiting space between them. This design provides precise positioning and guidance for the first impact block 11, ensuring the stability and positional accuracy of the first impact block 11 on the push rod 311. Specifically, the setting of the limiting protrusions allows the first impact block 11 to be firmly embedded in the limiting space, avoiding the offset and rotation of the first impact block 11 during the movement of the push rod assembly 31, thereby ensuring the accurate transmission of impact force.

[0057] The design of the limiting surface of the limiting protrusion abutting against the two sides of the first impact block 11 also gives the first impact block 11 radial fixation on the push rod 311. This structure effectively prevents the displacement of the impact structure 1 caused by the lateral vibration generated during the movement of the push rod, ensuring that each impact is a linear movement in a predetermined direction, and improving the accuracy and reliability of the welding ring conveying.

[0058] Furthermore, the introduction of the limiting protrusion provides a simple way to install and remove the first impact block 11, facilitating maintenance and replacement during daily use and reducing equipment maintenance costs and downtime. This design also allows for the adaptation to welding rings of different sizes and shapes by replacing the first impact block 11 with different specifications without changing the push rod 311 itself, thus improving the versatility and adaptability of the mechanism.

[0059] Furthermore, the push rod assembly includes a cylindrical push rod 311, and a second impact block 12 is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the push rod assembly and disposed relatively close to the collar plate 33, wherein the second impact block 12 is fixedly connected to the first impact block 11.

[0060] First, the placement of the second impact block 12, especially its position near the collar plate 33, allows for more direct contact with the collar plate 33, achieving precise impact. This arrangement ensures that when the push rod assembly 31 moves to the vicinity of the collar plate 33, the second impact block 12 can make contact with the collar plate 33 first, applying a pre-impact force to the collar plate 33 in advance. This provides buffering and pre-adjustment for the subsequent powerful impact of the first impact block 11, facilitating the smooth movement of the welding ring within the collar channel 3312 and preventing unstable displacement or damage to the welding ring caused by sudden powerful impacts.

[0061] Secondly, the fixed connection between the second impact block 12 and the first impact block 11 ensures the synchronicity and integrity of the two when the push rod 311 moves. This integrated design makes the entire impact structure 1 more stable during movement, reduces energy loss caused by the relative movement between components, improves energy conversion efficiency, and thus enhances the effective impact force applied to the collar plate 33, ensuring that the welding ring can pass smoothly and unobstructed through the collar channel 3312 to reach the target position.

[0062] Furthermore, the second impact block 12 is made of a deformable material. This characteristic allows it to deform when it comes into contact with the collar plate 33. The deformation absorbs some of the impact energy, reduces the hard impact on the welding ring and collar plate 33, protects the welding ring and collar plate 33 from damage, and reduces the noise of the equipment operation, creating a safer and more comfortable working environment.

[0063] Furthermore, the side of the second impact block 12 away from the first impact block 11 is provided with an elastic protrusion.

[0064] Specifically, the elastic protrusion allows the second impact block 12 to make contact with and compress before contacting the collar plate 33, absorbing some of the impact energy through its elastic deformation, thus achieving a gentler initial contact. This step provides a buffer stage for the conveying process of the welding ring, avoiding a hard collision between the welding ring and the collar plate 33, reducing the impact on the welding ring during high-speed movement, and effectively protecting the integrity of the welding ring and the structural stability of the collar plate 33.

[0065] In addition, the design of the elastic protrusion can adaptively adjust the degree of buffering according to the different sizes of the welding ring and the actual condition of the collar plate 33. This means that when faced with welding rings of different sizes or slight positional changes in the collar plate 33, the elastic protrusion can flexibly adjust its deformation to ensure that each impact can achieve the best buffering effect, thereby improving the adaptability and flexibility of welding ring conveying.

[0066] Furthermore, the deformable part of the second impact block 12 is made of rubber.

[0067] Furthermore, the welding ring and collar mechanism also includes:

[0068] Vibratory feeder assembly 32 includes a vibratory feeder 321 for receiving the target welding ring 2 and a ring feeding track in communication with the vibratory feeder 321;

[0069] Among them, the ring delivery track is connected to the ring-locking channel 3312.

[0070] In this technical solution, the use of the vibratory feeder 321 allows a large number of welding rings to enter the feeding track in an orderly manner. Through the vibration inside the vibratory feeder 321, the welding rings can be automatically separated and arranged, eliminating the tedious manual feeding of each ring individually and greatly improving the feeding speed and automation level of the welding rings. This automatic feeding method not only saves manpower but also reduces errors caused by human operation, increasing the stability and efficiency of the entire welding production line.

[0071] Secondly, the connection between the ring feeding track and the ring channel 3312 ensures that the welding ring can smoothly transition from the vibratory plate 321 into the ring channel 3312 of the ring plate 33. This continuous conveying path reduces jamming and deviation of the welding ring during the conveying process, enabling the welding ring to accurately reach the impact area of ​​the push rod assembly 31 along the predetermined path, and then smoothly move to the target position through the impact force, ensuring high-precision positioning of the welding ring during the welding process.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] This application also provides a pipe processing device, including a welding ring collar mechanism, which is the welding ring collar mechanism described above.

[0074] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0075] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0076] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this utility model. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of each component itself.

[0077] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0078] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0079] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A welding ring fitting mechanism for fitting a target welding ring (2) onto a target component, characterized in that, include: A push rod assembly (31) is movably disposed, and an impact structure (1) is provided at the free end of the push rod assembly (31). A collar plate (33) is provided with a collar channel (3312) for the target welding ring (2) to move to the collar plate (33). The push rod assembly (31) can move relative to the collar plate (33) in a direction that is closer to or farther away from the collar plate (33) so that when the impact structure (1) contacts the collar plate (33), it applies an impact force to the collar plate (33) so that the target welding ring (2) located in the collar channel (3312) moves to the target position along the extension direction of the collar channel (3312).

2. The welding ring and collar mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impact structure (1) includes: The first impact block (11) is disposed on the top rod assembly (31); A second impact block (12) is disposed on the side of the top rod assembly (31) away from the first impact block (11) to apply the impact force to the collar plate (33) when in contact with the collar plate (33), wherein at least a portion of the second impact block (12) is deformable.

3. The welding ring and collar mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The portion of the second impact block (12) away from the first impact block (11) is made of a deformable material so that at least a portion of the second impact block (12) deforms when it comes into contact with the collar plate (33) and at least a portion of it returns to its original shape when it separates from the collar plate (33).

4. The welding ring and collar mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The push rod assembly (31) includes a cylindrical push rod (311), and the first impact block (11) is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the push rod (311); The inner wall of the first impact block (11) is provided with a first locking position, and the outer peripheral surface of the top rod (311) is provided with a second locking position corresponding to the first locking position. The first locking position and the second locking position are engaged in a locking fit.

5. The welding ring and collar mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer circumferential surface of the top rod (311) is provided with a limiting protrusion. There are at least two sets of the limiting protrusions, and a limiting space is formed between the two sets of the limiting protrusions. The first impact block (11) is located in the limiting space, and the limiting surface of the limiting protrusion abuts against the two sides of the first impact block (11).

6. The welding ring and collar mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top rod assembly (31) includes a cylindrical top rod (311), and the second impact block (12) is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the top rod assembly (31) and disposed relatively close to the collar plate (33), wherein the second impact block (12) is fixedly connected to the first impact block (11).

7. The welding ring and collar mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The side of the second impact block (12) away from the first impact block (11) is provided with an elastic protrusion.

8. The welding ring and collar mechanism according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The deformable part of the second impact block (12) is made of rubber.

9. The welding ring and collar mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The welding ring collar mechanism further includes: Vibratory feeder assembly (32), the vibratory feeder assembly (32) includes a vibratory feeder (321) for a target welding ring (2) and a ring feeding track in communication with the vibratory feeder (321); The ring-feeding track is connected to the ring-feeding channel (3312).

10. A pipe body processing equipment, comprising a welding ring and collar mechanism, characterized in that, The welding ring collar mechanism is the welding ring collar mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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