A machine tool base structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a machine tool base structure mainly solves the problem that traditional base Z axis rigidity is insufficient, and the poor problem of anti -overthrow, and the base body is provided with the central chip removal groove and Z axis drive part, contains two groups of drive unit symmetrical distribution in the both sides of the chip removal groove, and each group drive unit adopts the vertical installation Z axis linear motor, and cooperates the Z axis guide rail that is arranged in cascade up and down, and linear motor is located between the same group Z axis guide rail, this design double -motor symmetrical layout, offsets lateral magnetic attraction, and the anti -overthrow ability of combination cascade guide rail, significantly improve Z axis rigidity, motion accuracy and dynamic response, and X axis drive part also adopts linear motor and cascade up and down double guide rail structure, has realized the collaborative optimization of high response speed and high accuracy, especially suitable for high -speed heavy -duty precision machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of precision machine tools, specifically a machine tool base structure. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional machine tool base structures often use a bottom ball screw or a single linear motor in conjunction with a single or parallel guide rail. With this structure, the worktable is unstable when moving, especially under heavy loads or eccentric cutting, which can easily cause the worktable to vibrate and tilt, affecting machining accuracy and aggravating guide rail wear and thermal deformation. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a machine tool base structure that improves the processing response speed and accuracy of precision machine tools.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a machine tool base structure, comprising:

[0005] The base body has a chip removal groove in the middle.

[0006] The X-axis drive unit is disposed on the base body parallel to the first direction;

[0007] The Z-axis drive unit is arranged parallel to the second direction on the base body and includes drive units located on both sides of the chip removal groove. Each drive unit on either side includes a Z-axis linear motor that is vertically mounted perpendicular to the horizontal plane and a Z-axis guide rail that is arranged in a stepped manner.

[0008] A chip removal groove is opened in the middle of the base body, providing a smooth discharge channel for the cutting chips generated during the machining process. This effectively prevents chips from accumulating in the machine tool's working area, avoiding the negative impact of cutting chips on machining accuracy, tool life, and machine tool cleaning and maintenance. It also improves the reliability and service life of the machine tool. Compared with the traditional chip removal from the sides of the machine tool, the chip removal mechanism set in the middle chip removal groove makes it easier to collect cutting chips. Moreover, larger cutting chips can fall directly from the middle and be discharged without moving the sides of the machine tool, making chip removal more convenient.

[0009] The X-axis drive unit provides driving force and guidance for the machine tool spindle box, while the Z-axis drive unit provides driving force and guidance for the worktable. The dual drive units of the Z-axis can significantly improve the response speed of the Z-axis. The multiple Z-axis guide rails distributed in a stepped manner can improve the stability and accuracy of the worktable movement, and distribute the load evenly to ensure machining accuracy and improve load capacity.

[0010] In a further technical solution, the X-axis drive unit includes an X-axis linear motor and two X-axis guide rails arranged in a stepped manner.

[0011] It employs an X-axis linear motor to achieve high-speed, high-precision, and fast-response motion performance;

[0012] Furthermore, the dual X-axis guides, which are also distributed in a stepped manner, can enhance the resistance to overturning torque in the X-axis direction. Especially when the machining point is off-center, it can improve the overall rigidity, ensure smooth and accurate X-axis movement, and improve machining accuracy.

[0013] In a further technical solution, the chip removal groove is centrally located along the length of the base body.

[0014] The chip removal groove is centrally located, which allows cutting chips to be discharged more evenly and efficiently from the center of the machine tool's working area to the two sides and the surrounding areas, optimizing the chip removal path and preventing cutting chips from accumulating in corners.

[0015] In a further technical solution, the two drive units are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the chip removal groove with the vertical center plane along the length direction of the chip removal groove as the plane of symmetry.

[0016] The two Z-axis drive units are arranged symmetrically with respect to the vertical center plane along the length of the chip removal groove, ensuring that the load distribution of the Z-axis drive system on the base is symmetrical. This minimizes the off-center load caused by the asymmetrical layout of the drive units. The lateral magnetic attraction forces generated by the two Z-axis linear motors can cancel each other out, improving the overall rigidity and motion accuracy stability of the machine tool.

[0017] A further technical solution is that the bottom of the base body has a foot hole for installing feet, and the upper side of the foot hole has a hole structure with a trapezoidal vertical cross section.

[0018] The mounting holes provide a standard interface for installing and adjusting the mounting feet, facilitating machine tool installation, leveling, and vibration reduction. The hole structure is located above the mounting holes, which not only reduces the weight of the base but, more importantly, the trapezoidal vertical cross-section helps to disperse stress, transferring the high stress generated by tightening the mounting bolts more evenly to a larger area of ​​the base body. This effectively prevents the base body from deforming or even cracking due to stress concentration at the mounting feet, thus improving the structural strength and long-term reliability of the base.

[0019] In a further technical solution, a chip removal mechanism is installed in the chip removal groove, and the width W of the chip removal groove and the width P of the chip removal mechanism satisfy 0 < W P ≤ 10 mm.

[0020] A strict dimensional relationship is set between the width W of the chip conveying groove and the width P of the chip conveying mechanism, with a gap greater than 0. This ensures that the chip conveying mechanism can be installed smoothly and operate smoothly, while minimizing the gap between the chip conveying mechanism and the groove wall. The small gap design effectively prevents fine chips or coolant from leaking into the internal space of the base under the belt, keeping the base clean, reducing maintenance requirements, and avoiding chip accumulation that could affect equipment performance or cause malfunctions.

[0021] In a further technical solution, the Z-axis drive unit also includes:

[0022] The Z-axis grating ruler is fixed on the base body and parallel to the Z-axis guide rail;

[0023] Z-axis limiting block, which is located at the end of the travel of the Z-axis guide rail.

[0024] The Z-axis grating ruler provides direct, high-precision Z-axis position feedback, forming a fully closed-loop control system that effectively compensates for transmission chain errors and thermal deformation. It is a key component for achieving ultra-high positioning accuracy and repeatability.

[0025] Z-axis limit block: Located at the end of the Z-axis travel, it provides a physical safety barrier for Z-axis movement, preventing moving parts from exceeding the travel range due to control failure or misoperation, protecting machine tool parts from damage, and improving equipment safety.

[0026] In a further technical solution, the Z-axis linear motor is located vertically between two Z-axis guide rails arranged in a stepped manner.

[0027] Placing the Z-axis linear motor between two guide rails arranged vertically on a stepped platform ensures that the line of action of the driving force lies within or near the plane formed by the two guide support points. This layout effectively avoids the torque offset problem caused by traditional single-sided drive, reduces wear and deformation caused by uneven local force on the guide rails, and helps maintain long-term guiding accuracy and stability.

[0028] In a further technical solution, the X-axis drive unit also includes:

[0029] The X-axis grating ruler is set parallel to the X-axis guide rail;

[0030] The X-axis limiting block is located at both ends of the travel of the X-axis guide rail.

[0031] The X-axis linear encoder also provides high-precision X-axis position closed-loop feedback to ensure that the X-axis motion meets high-precision requirements.

[0032] The X-axis limit block provides physical limit protection at both ends of the X-axis travel to prevent the X-axis from overtravel and ensure the safe operation of the equipment.

[0033] A further technical solution is that the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0034] Constructing a standard Cartesian coordinate system ensures the orthogonality of machine tool kinematics, simplifies programming and control, and is a prerequisite for achieving precise machining of complex spatial contours.

[0035] In summary, this utility model has the following beneficial effects: the two sets of Z-axis linear motors are vertically installed and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the chip removal groove, which effectively counteracts the lateral magnetic attraction force generated when the linear motors are working, and avoids the base from bearing an off-center load;

[0036] The dynamic response speed is greatly improved by using two Z-axis linear motors. Compared with single rails or parallel double rails, the stepped upper and lower Z-axis guide rails greatly enhance the guide rail system's ability to resist the overturning moment of the worktable, ensuring stability under extreme working conditions.

[0037] It also provides a wider support span and redundant constraints, significantly improving the guiding accuracy, rigidity and load uniformity of moving parts;

[0038] The Z-axis linear motor is located between two stepped guide rails in the same group, which makes the line of action of the driving force closer to the support surface, reduces the additional torque, and improves dynamic performance. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of this application and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0040] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of this application;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first driving unit of this application;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second drive unit of this application;

[0043] In the diagram: 100, base body; 101, workpiece mounting part; 102, spindle mounting part; 103, foot hole; 104, hole structure; 105, chip removal groove; 111, first Z-axis plane; 112, second Z-axis plane; 113, third Z-axis plane; 114, second X-axis plane; 115, first X-axis plane; 116, X-axis inclined plane; 200, Z-axis drive part; 210, drive unit; 211, Z-axis linear motor; 212, Z-axis guide rail; 213, Z-axis limit block; 214, Z-axis grating ruler; 300, X-axis drive part; 301, X-axis linear motor; 302, X-axis guide rail; 303, X-axis grating ruler. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the overall concept of this application, a detailed explanation is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0046] Furthermore, it should be understood in the description of this application that the terms "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0047] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the "above" or "below" of the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0049] like Figures 1-3As shown, a machine tool base structure includes a base body 100, which consists of two parts: a workpiece mounting part 101 and a spindle mounting part 102. The length direction of the workpiece mounting part 101 is perpendicular to the length direction of the spindle mounting part 102. The workpiece mounting part 101 and the spindle mounting part 102 can be integrally cast or assembled from steel plates. The overall length direction of the base body 100 formed by the workpiece mounting part 101 and the spindle mounting part 102 is the same as the length direction of the workpiece mounting part 101.

[0050] A chip removal groove 105 is provided in the middle of the workpiece mounting part 101 of the base body 100. The chip removal groove 105 is centrally located along the length direction of the base body 100 and extends vertically through the workpiece mounting part 101 of the base body 100.

[0051] It also includes an X-axis drive unit 300, which is set on the main shaft mounting part 102 of the base body 100 in parallel to the first direction, which is the X-axis direction. The X-axis drive unit 300 includes an X-axis linear motor 301 and two X-axis guide rails 302 arranged in a stepped manner.

[0052] Specifically, the top surface of the spindle mounting part 102 is inclined, and the inclination direction is: gradually rising from the side close to the workpiece mounting part 101 to the side away from the workpiece mounting part 101. The top surface of the spindle mounting part 102 is divided into three parts. One part is located in the middle, which is the X-axis inclined surface 116, used to install the X-axis linear motor 301. The other part is the first X-axis plane 115 and the second X-axis plane 114 located on both sides of the X-axis inclined surface 116. The first X-axis plane 115 and the second X-axis plane 114 are horizontal planes. The height of the first X-axis plane 115 is lower than that of the second X-axis plane 114. The first X-axis plane 115 and the second X-axis plane 114 are used to install two X-axis guide rails 302 respectively.

[0053] The spindle housing is mounted on the spindle mounting part 102. The spindle housing is slidably fitted with the X-axis guide rail 302. The mover of the X-axis linear motor 301 is fixed to the spindle housing. The stator of the X-axis linear motor 301 is fixed on the X-axis inclined surface 116. The X-axis drive part 300 drives the spindle housing to reciprocate along the X-axis direction.

[0054] The Z-axis drive unit 200 is arranged on the workpiece mounting unit 101 parallel to the second direction, which is also the Z-axis direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. The Z-axis drive unit 200 includes two sets of drive units 210 located on both sides of the chip removal groove 105. The two drive units 210 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the chip removal groove 105 with the vertical center plane of the length direction of the chip removal groove 105 as the plane of symmetry. Each drive unit 210 includes a Z-axis linear motor 211 vertically installed perpendicular to the horizontal plane and two Z-axis guide rails 212 arranged in a stepped manner. The Z-axis linear motor 211 in the drive unit 210 is vertically arranged between the two Z-axis guide rails 212 arranged in a stepped manner and is vertically arranged at 90° to the ground.

[0055] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 For ease of description, the direction towards the spindle mounting part 102 in the Z-axis direction is taken as the rear side, and the direction away from the spindle mounting part 102 is taken as the front side. The top surface of the workpiece mounting part 101 of the base body 100 is provided with two stepped parts. The two stepped parts are symmetrically arranged with respect to the chip removal groove 105. The stepped parts include a first Z-axis plane 111, a second Z-axis plane 112, and a third Z-axis plane 113. The first Z-axis plane 111 and the third Z-axis plane 113 are arranged horizontally. The height of the first Z-axis plane 111 is higher than that of the third Z-axis plane 113. The first Z-axis plane 111 is away from the chip removal groove 105, and the third Z-axis plane 113 is close to the chip removal groove 105. The second Z-axis plane 112 is arranged vertically, perpendicular to the first Z-axis plane 111 and the second Z-axis plane 112, and located between the first Z-axis plane 111 and the second Z-axis plane 112.

[0056] The Z-axis drive unit 200 includes two drive units 210. The two drive units 210 are arranged symmetrically on the left and right with the vertical center plane of the chip removal groove 105 as the plane of symmetry. Each drive unit 210 includes a Z-axis linear motor 211 and two Z-axis guide rails 212.

[0057] The specific installation location of the drive unit 210 is as follows:

[0058] The Z-axis linear motor 211 is mounted on the second Z-axis plane 112 and is vertically arranged. The two Z-axis guide rails 212 are respectively mounted on the first Z-axis plane 111 and the third Z-axis plane 113. They can be installed and fixed by screw fastening, so that the two Z-axis guide rails 212 form a stepped design.

[0059] The worktable is slidably mounted on four Z-axis guide rails 212. Two Z-axis linear motors 211 can stably drive the worktable to reciprocate along the Z-axis direction, and the response speed is faster than that of a single Z-axis linear motor, thus improving work efficiency. The worktable is installed in the middle position of the two Z-axis linear motors 211. The two Z-axis linear motors 211 are symmetrically arranged and vertically, which can cancel out the lateral magnetic attraction force generated, allowing the worktable to run smoothly. At the same time, the four Z-axis guide rails 212 can improve the load-bearing capacity. The four Z-axis guide rails 212 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the chip removal groove 105, which can distribute the load more evenly and extend the service life of the guide rails.

[0060] In one embodiment, the base body 100 has a foot hole 103 at the bottom for mounting feet, and a hole structure 104 is provided on the upper side of the foot hole 103, the vertical cross section of the hole structure 104 being trapezoidal.

[0061] In one embodiment, the difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiment is that an internal thread is provided in the foot hole 103, and a threaded rod is provided on the foot. The threaded rod can be inserted into the foot hole 103 and tightened by screwing the thread, thereby adjusting the height of the base body 100.

[0062] In one embodiment, a hole structure 104 is provided on the upper side of the anchor hole 103. Several hole structures 104 are provided; the hole structure 104 located within the workpiece mounting portion 101 is frustum-shaped, while those on the side of the workpiece mounting portion 101 are semi-frustum-shaped. Figure 1 As shown, its vertical cross-section is trapezoidal, which can enhance stability, improve structural strength, disperse the supporting reaction force from the ground, and prevent local deformation or breakage.

[0063] In one embodiment, a chip removal mechanism is installed inside the chip removal trough 105. The chip removal mechanism is a conveying mechanism, which may consist of a belt, drive rollers, and a motor. It is used to transport chips to a chip collection box, which is located below the chip removal trough 105. On both sides above the belt, chip guide plates are provided to prevent chips from falling through the gap between the belt and the chip removal trough 105. The width W of the chip removal trough 105 and the width P of the chip removal mechanism satisfy 0 < W P ≤ 10 mm.

[0064] In one embodiment, the Z-axis drive unit 200 further includes:

[0065] A Z-axis grating ruler 214 is provided, which is fixed on the base body 100 and parallel to the Z-axis guide rail 212, and is located on one side of one of the Z-axis guide rails 212;

[0066] Z-axis limiting block 213 is located at the end of the stroke of the Z-axis guide rail 212 and is fixed on the base body 100. It is made of polyurethane elastic material, such as polyurethane rubber. The Z-axis limiting block 213 is set as a Z-axis buffer pad to prevent the worktable from rushing out of the Z-axis guide rail 212. It is installed at both ends of the Z-axis guide rail 212 to ensure the accuracy of linear displacement in the Z-axis direction and the safety of the stroke.

[0067] In one embodiment, the X-axis drive unit 300 further includes:

[0068] The X-axis grating ruler 303 is arranged parallel to the X-axis guide rail 302;

[0069] The X-axis limiting block is located at both ends of the stroke of the X-axis guide rail 302. The X-axis limiting block is made of polyurethane elastic material and is set as an X-axis buffer pad. It is installed on the main shaft mounting part 102 of the base body 100 and located at both ends of the X-axis guide rail 302 to ensure the accuracy of linear displacement in the X-axis direction and the safety of the stroke.

[0070] For any parts not mentioned in this application, existing technologies may be used or referenced.

[0071] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0072] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A machine tool base structure, characterized in that, include: The base body (100) has a chip removal groove (105) in the middle. The X-axis drive unit (300) is disposed on the base body (100) parallel to the first direction; The Z-axis drive unit (200) is arranged parallel to the second direction on the base body (100) and includes drive units (210) located on both sides of the chip removal groove (105). Each drive unit (210) on either side includes a Z-axis linear motor (211) that is vertically mounted perpendicular to the horizontal plane and a Z-axis guide rail (212) that is arranged in a stepped manner.

2. The machine tool base structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The X-axis drive unit (300) includes an X-axis linear motor (301) and two X-axis guide rails (302) arranged in a stepped manner.

3. The machine tool base structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chip removal groove (105) is centrally located along the length of the base body (100).

4. The machine tool base structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two drive units (210) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the chip removal groove (105) with the vertical center plane of the chip removal groove (105) as the plane of symmetry.

5. A machine tool base structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base body (100) has a foot hole (103) at the bottom for mounting feet. The foot hole (103) has a hole structure (104) on the upper side, and the vertical cross section of the hole structure (104) is trapezoidal.

6. The machine tool base structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A chip removal mechanism is installed in the chip removal groove (105), and the width W of the chip removal groove (105) and the width P of the chip removal mechanism satisfy 0 < W P ≤ 10 mm.

7. A machine tool base structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Z-axis drive unit (200) also includes: The Z-axis grating ruler (214) is fixed on the base body (100) and parallel to the Z-axis guide rail (212); Z-axis limiting block (213), which is located at the end of the stroke of the Z-axis guide rail (212).

8. A machine tool base structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Z-axis linear motor (211) is located vertically between two Z-axis guide rails (212) arranged in a stepped manner.

9. A machine tool base structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The X-axis drive unit (300) also includes: X-axis grating ruler (303) is arranged parallel to the X-axis guide rail; The X-axis limiting block is located at both ends of the travel of the X-axis guide rail.

10. A machine tool base structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

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