Gearbox shell milling tool facilitating part taking

Abstract

This utility model discloses a milling fixture for gearbox housings that facilitates part removal, comprising a first fixture base, an indexing head, a second fixture base, and a retractable guide rail assembly. The first fixture base is fixed to the machining center worktable, and the indexing head on it drives the second fixture base to rotate, enabling multi-angle milling of the housing. The second fixture base is equipped with pneumatic grippers and support pads for clamping and positioning. The guide rail assembly includes rails, sliding parts, support rods, a first guide rail, a second guide rail, and a telescopic cylinder, which can extend and connect to form a continuous rail, cooperating with guide wheels to facilitate convenient pushing of the housing. The auxiliary structure includes support pads, guide plates, positioning plates, and wear-resistant blocks to ensure docking accuracy and component lifespan. This device eliminates the need for manual leaning in to handle parts, improving operational safety and efficiency, reducing labor intensity, and is suitable for mass production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fixture equipment technology, specifically a milling fixture for gearbox housing that facilitates part removal. Background Technology

[0002] The gearbox housing must be clamped during machining because of its complex structure, containing multiple bearing holes, mating surfaces, locating holes, and other critical components. During machining, it is crucial to ensure dimensional and positional accuracy between the machined surfaces. Clamping, using fixtures to precisely position and securely hold the housing, prevents workpiece displacement or deformation caused by cutting forces and vibrations during machining. This ensures the cutting tool cuts stably along the preset path, guaranteeing that the accuracy of each machining step meets design requirements. This lays the foundation for precise fit between components during subsequent assembly and also improves the stability and efficiency of the machining process.

[0003] In small-batch production or partially semi-automatic production lines, manual handling is a common method for placing relatively small and lightweight gearbox housings onto the machining center's tooling table. The specific operating procedure is usually as follows: the operator directly picks up the housing from the material turnover rack, manually adjusts the housing's posture, and places it stably in the positioning area of ​​the fixture, ensuring that the housing's reference surface is in contact with the fixture's support surface, the positioning holes are aligned with the positioning pins, and finally waits for the clamping device to fix it.

[0004] However, this manual handling method has obvious drawbacks. When manually handling the gearbox housing, operators often need to lean into the narrow space inside the machining center to place the housing onto the tooling table. During this process, the body needs to be close to the spindle, guide rails, and other components of the equipment. Even if the equipment is not running, there is a risk of limbs being bumped or scratched. In case of emergencies, it is even more difficult to avoid them quickly, posing significant safety hazards. At the same time, the limited space makes the housing alignment adjustment extremely cumbersome, which is not only time-consuming and laborious, affecting efficiency, but may also damage the housing or fixtures due to improper operation. Furthermore, the long-term leaning motion during handling will aggravate the strain on the operator's back and shoulders, further affecting the stability of operation. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a milling fixture for gearbox housing that facilitates part removal, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: A milling fixture for a gearbox housing that facilitates part removal includes a first fixture base, on which an indexing head is fixedly mounted. A second fixture base is fixedly mounted on the turntable of the indexing head. A plurality of pneumatic grippers and support blocks are fixedly mounted on the second fixture base. A symmetrical track is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the second fixture base. A sliding member is slidably mounted on the track. A plurality of support rods are rotatably mounted on the sliding member. A first guide rail is rotatably mounted on the other end of the support rods. A first telescopic cylinder is rotatably mounted on the sliding member. The movable end of the first telescopic cylinder is rotatably mounted at the hinge point between one of the support rods and the first guide rail.

[0007] Preferably, a guide rail pad is fixedly provided on the second tooling base, and a second guide rail is fixedly provided on the guide rail pad.

[0008] Preferably, a connecting rod is fixedly provided between the sliding parts, and a second telescopic cylinder is fixedly provided at the bottom of the second tooling seat, with the movable end of the second telescopic cylinder fixedly provided on the connecting rod.

[0009] Preferably, a support pad is fixedly provided on the support pad block, and the second guide rail abuts against the side wall of the support pad.

[0010] Preferably, the second tooling base is fixedly provided with a number of guide plates and positioning plates.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of guide wheels are rotatably arranged on the first guide rail and the second guide rail.

[0012] Preferably, when the first telescopic cylinder extends, the first guide rail, the second guide rail, and the support pad are flush.

[0013] Preferably, a number of wear-resistant blocks are fixedly disposed on the second tooling base.

[0014] Preferably, the second guide rail is provided with a support portion, and the first guide rail is provided with a snap-fit ​​portion, wherein the support portion and the snap-fit ​​portion have complementary shapes.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. The device utilizes a retractable guide rail assembly, allowing operators to retrieve and place the gearbox housing without having to peer into the confined space of the machining center. Guide wheels on the guide rails smoothly push the housing to the clamping position or remove it, preventing limbs from coming into contact with the equipment spindle, guide rails, and other components, reducing the risk of bumps and scratches. In case of emergencies, personnel can quickly avoid contact, significantly improving operational safety.

[0016] 2. The guide rail assembly achieves automated extension and docking via a telescopic cylinder. Combined with the rolling friction design of the guide wheels, it reduces the pushing resistance of the housing, making alignment adjustments in confined spaces easier and reducing the time and effort required for manual handling. Simultaneously, the guide plate and positioning plate assist in the rapid and accurate positioning of the housing, preventing damage to the housing or fixtures due to improper operation, shortening the single-process cycle, and adapting to mass production needs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the overall device of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the second tooling base (with the first guide rail extended) of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the second tooling base (first guide rail retracted) of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first guide rail extending from the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first guide rail retraction of this utility model.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. First fixture; 2. Indexing head; 21. Turntable; 3. Second fixture; 4. Pneumatic gripper; 5. Support block; 6. Rail; 7. Sliding component; 8. Support rod; 9. First guide rail; 91. Snap-fit ​​part; 10. First telescopic cylinder; 11. Guide rail pad; 12. Second guide rail; 121. Support part; 13. Connecting rod; 14. Second telescopic cylinder; 15. Support pad; 16. Guide plate; 17. Positioning plate; 18. Guide wheel; 19. Wear-resistant block. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0020] Please see Figure 1-5 This utility model provides a technical solution: This milling fixture for gearbox housing, which facilitates part removal, has a first fixture base 1 as the bottom load-bearing structure. It is stably installed on the worktable of the machining center by bolt fastening, providing a solid support foundation for the entire milling fixture and ensuring that the fixture as a whole will not shift during subsequent machining.

[0021] Two symmetrical indexing heads 2 are fixedly installed on the table surface of the first tooling base 1. The indexing head 2 is a conventional device that can drive the turntable 21 to rotate, and its own turntable 21 can be precisely rotated to a specific angle under control.

[0022] The second tooling seat 3 is installed on the upper surface of the rotary table 21 of the indexing head 2 by bolt fastening. The two are rigidly connected by bolts, so that the second tooling seat 3 can rotate synchronously with the rotation of the rotary table 21, thereby flexibly adjusting the angle during milling to adapt to the milling needs of different surfaces of the gearbox housing (such as the side, the inclined surface, etc.) and meet the process requirements of multi-face machining.

[0023] For the second tooling stand 3, based on the specific contour shape of the gearbox housing to be processed and the clamping and positioning requirements, several pneumatic grippers 4 and support blocks 5 are reasonably arranged on its table. The pneumatic grippers 4 are mature clamping components in the field of automated machining. They can open and close by supplying and cutting off air, thereby quickly completing the clamping and releasing operations of the gearbox housing. The support blocks 5 are used to support the gearbox housing during clamping, distributing the weight of the housing across multiple blocks to avoid excessive local stress on the housing, while also assisting the housing in achieving initial positioning. To facilitate the removal of the milled gearbox housing, a retractable and docking guide rail assembly is integrated at the bottom of the second tooling base 3. The extension, docking, and retraction of the guide rail are achieved through mechanical linkage. The specific structure and action logic are as follows: At the bottom of the second tooling base 3, a pair of symmetrically arranged rails 6 are fixedly installed with bolts. The cross-sectional shape of the rails 6 is T-shaped. Sliding members 7 are fitted onto the rails 6, and the sliding members 7 have T-grooves that match the cross-section of the rails 6. The sliding members 7 and the rails 6 are connected by a sliding fit, allowing the sliding members 7 to slide smoothly back and forth along the length of the rails 6, that is, towards or away from the outer side of the machining center. This sliding fit provides the basic movement path for the subsequent extension and retraction of the guide rails.

[0024] Two support rods 8 are rotatably mounted on each sliding member 7 via a hinge shaft. The other end of each support rod 8 is also rotatably connected to the first guide rail 9 via a hinge shaft. At the same time, a first telescopic cylinder 10 is also rotatably mounted on the sliding member 7. The movable end of the first telescopic cylinder 10, that is, the end of the piston rod, is hinged to the hinge position between one of the support rods 8 and the first guide rail 9.

[0025] In this way, the sliding member 7, the support rod 8, the first guide rail 9, and the first telescopic cylinder 10 together form a four-bar linkage structure. When the piston rod of the first telescopic cylinder 10 extends or retracts, it pushes or pulls the support rod 8 to rotate around the hinge axis, thereby driving the first guide rail 9 to lift, lower, and slide with the sliding member 7, providing power and motion transmission for the extension and connection of the guide rail.

[0026] It should be noted that, as Figure 5 As shown, the rotation axis of the first telescopic cylinder 10 does not coincide with the straight line connecting the rotation axes of the two support rods 8. This setting prevents the mechanism from generating dead points during movement, which would make it difficult for the support rods 8 to rotate.

[0027] On the second tooling base 3, a guide rail pad 11 is fixedly installed by bolts. The guide rail pad 11 serves to elevate and position the second guide rail 12. The second guide rail 12 is installed on the surface of the guide rail pad 11. Correspondingly, a snap-fit ​​part 91 is provided on the first guide rail 9, and a support part 121 is provided at the corresponding position of the second guide rail 12. The shapes of the snap-fit ​​part 91 and the support part 121 complement and adapt to each other. In this embodiment, it is a combination of a boss and a groove.

[0028] When the first guide rail 9 moves to the docking position under the action of the linkage structure, the locking part 91 can be accurately embedded into the support part 121, realizing the stable docking of the first guide rail 9 and the second guide rail 12, so that the two are spliced ​​into a continuous guide rail, which facilitates the subsequent removal and placement of the gearbox housing.

[0029] When it is necessary to clamp or remove the gearbox housing, the guide rail assembly operates according to the following process, achieving convenient operation through the orderly linkage of various components: The operator issues a command through the control unit (such as an operation button or a PLC control system) to start the second telescopic cylinder 14. The cylinder body of the second telescopic cylinder 14 is fixed to the bottom of the second tooling base 3, and its movable end (piston rod) is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 13 between the sliding member 7 and the piston rod. When the piston rod extends, it generates a thrust, which drives the sliding member 7 to slide along the track 6 to the outside of the machining center.

[0030] As the slider 7 moves, the first guide rail 9, which was originally stored at the bottom of the second tooling seat 3, extends outward in sync. The length of the extension is controlled by the preset stroke of the second telescopic cylinder 14 to ensure that the extension position is consistent each time, thus preparing for the subsequent docking action.

[0031] When the second telescopic cylinder 14 drives the sliding member 7 to the designated position, the first telescopic cylinder 10 is activated. The cylinder body of the first telescopic cylinder 10 is rotatably connected to the sliding member 7, and its movable end (piston rod) is hinged at the connection between the support rod 8 and the first guide rail 9. When the piston rod extends, it pushes the support rod 8 to rotate around the hinge point on the sliding member 7.

[0032] The support rod 8, the sliding member 7, and the first guide rail 9 are hinged to form a parallelogram linkage structure. As the support rod 8 rotates, the first guide rail 9 gradually rises. When the support rod 8 rotates to be perpendicular to both the sliding member 7 and the first guide rail 9 (at which point the parallelogram becomes a rectangle), the first telescopic cylinder 10 stops operating.

[0033] At this time, the snap-fit ​​part 91 on the first guide rail 9 and the support part 121 of the second guide rail 12 are precisely engaged, and the two are spliced ​​together to form a continuous guide rail 6, providing a flat and continuous path for the shell to be picked up and put down.

[0034] Guide wheels 18 are rotatably mounted on the first guide rail 9 and the second guide rail 12 via axle pins. The guide wheels 18 can roll freely with the movement of the housing, converting the sliding friction between the housing and the rail 6 into rolling friction, thereby reducing the pushing resistance.

[0035] During clamping, the operator pushes the gearbox housing along the guide rail to the top of the second tooling seat 3, and clamps the housing by the opening and closing action of the pneumatic gripper 4 to complete the positioning; when unloading, the pneumatic gripper 4 releases, and the housing slides out along the guide rail to the outside of the machining center to achieve convenient unloading.

[0036] A support plate 15 is bolted to the upper surface of the support block 5. The shape of the support plate 15 is adapted to the support surface of the gearbox housing to stabilize and support the housing. One side of the second guide rail 12 abuts against the side wall of the support plate 15. The rigidity of the support plate 15 provides lateral restraint to the second guide rail 12, preventing it from shifting during docking or use and ensuring the docking accuracy of the first and second guide rails 12.

[0037] Several guide plates 16 and positioning plates 17 are bolted onto the second tooling base 3. The guide plates 16 are arranged along the pushing direction of the housing and guide the housing to align when it slides to the clamping position; the positioning plates 17 are set at the key limit points of the housing, restricting the final position of the housing, assisting the housing to be quickly and accurately positioned, and ensuring that the clamping position is consistent each time.

[0038] Wear-resistant blocks 19 are fixed to the surface of the second tooling base 3. The wear-resistant blocks 19 are made of wear-resistant material. When the support rod 8 moves with the sliding part 7 and the telescopic cylinder, if it comes into contact with the surface of the second tooling base 3, the wear-resistant blocks 19 can directly bear the friction, avoiding wear on the body of the second tooling base 3 caused by the support rod 8 and extending the service life of the tooling.

[0039] The second tooling seat 3 can be adjusted to different angles as the rotary table 21 of the indexing head 2 rotates, meeting the milling requirements of multiple surfaces (such as planes and holes) of the gearbox housing. The pneumatic gripper 4 is laid out according to the housing contour. It grips the housing tightly during clamping, maintains stability during milling, and avoids vibration affecting machining accuracy; it releases quickly when unloading, and works with the guide rail assembly to achieve efficient unloading.

[0040] Working principle: In use, this utility model uses a first fixture 1 fixed to the worktable of a machining center as a base, and a second fixture 3 is rotated by an indexing head 2 on it to achieve multi-angle milling of the gearbox housing. The pneumatic gripper 4 on the second fixture 3 cooperates with the support pad 5 to complete the clamping and positioning of the housing.

[0041] When picking up or placing the housing, first activate the second telescopic cylinder 14 to push the sliding member 7 to slide along the track 6 to the outside of the machining center, so that the first guide rail 9 extends from the bottom of the second tooling seat 3; then activate the first telescopic cylinder 10 to drive the support rod 8 to rotate, and drive the first guide rail 9 to be lifted through the parallelogram linkage structure, so that it is precisely connected with the second guide rail 12 (the snap-fit ​​part 91 and the support part 121 are engaged), forming a continuous guide track 6. The guide wheel 18 is used to reduce friction, making it easier for the housing to be pushed along the track 6.

[0042] The support pad 15 limits the second guide rail 12, the guide plate 16 and the positioning plate 17 assist the housing in precise positioning, and the wear-resistant block 19 reduces component wear.

[0043] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A milling fixture for a gearbox housing that facilitates part removal, comprising a first fixture base (1), an indexing head (2) fixedly mounted on the first fixture base (1), a second fixture base (3) fixedly mounted on the turntable (21) of the indexing head (2), and a plurality of pneumatic grippers (4) and support blocks (5) fixedly mounted on the second fixture base (3), characterized in that: The bottom of the second tooling base (3) is fixedly provided with a symmetrical track (6), a sliding member (7) is slidably provided on the track (6), a plurality of support rods (8) are rotatably provided on the sliding member (7), a first guide rail (9) is rotatably provided at the other end of the plurality of support rods (8), a first telescopic cylinder (10) is rotatably provided on the sliding member (7), and the movable end of the first telescopic cylinder (10) is rotatably provided at the hinge of one of the support rods (8) and the first guide rail (9).

2. The milling fixture for a gearbox housing that facilitates part removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second tooling base (3) is fixedly provided with a guide rail pad (11), and the guide rail pad (11) is fixedly provided with a second guide rail (12).

3. The milling fixture for a gearbox housing that facilitates part removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting rod (13) is fixedly arranged between the sliding parts (7), and a second telescopic cylinder (14) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the second tooling seat (3). The movable end of the second telescopic cylinder (14) is fixedly arranged on the connecting rod (13).

4. A milling fixture for a gearbox housing that facilitates part removal according to claim 2, characterized in that: A support pad (15) is fixedly installed on the support pad block (5), and the second guide rail (12) abuts against the side wall of the support pad (15).

5. A milling fixture for a gearbox housing that facilitates part removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second tooling base (3) is fixedly provided with several guide plates (16) and positioning plates (17).

6. A milling fixture for a gearbox housing that facilitates part removal according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of guide wheels (18) are rotatably arranged on the first guide rail (9) and the second guide rail (12).

7. A milling fixture for a gearbox housing that facilitates part removal according to claim 2 or 6, characterized in that: When the first telescopic cylinder (10) extends, the first guide rail (9), the second guide rail (12) and the support pad (15) are flush.

8. A milling fixture for a gearbox housing that facilitates part removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several wear-resistant blocks (19) are fixedly installed on the second tooling base (3).

9. A milling fixture for a gearbox housing that facilitates part removal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second guide rail (12) is provided with a support part (121), and the first guide rail (9) is provided with a snap-fit ​​part (91). The support part (121) and the snap-fit ​​part (91) are complementary in shape.

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