A tool magazine door opening and closing structure and machine tool

Abstract

This application discloses a tool magazine door opening and closing structure and a machine tool. The tool magazine door opening and closing structure includes a base, a tool magazine system, a track structure, and a linkage structure. The tool magazine system is mounted on the base and can move along the Y-axis. The tool magazine system includes a tool magazine body, a protective cover covering the tool magazine body, and an openable and closable tool magazine door mounted on the protective cover. The track structure is fixedly installed and includes at least one section of curved track that is inclined or curved relative to the Y-axis. The linkage structure is mounted on the tool magazine door and cooperates with the track structure. The movement of the tool magazine system along the Y-axis drives the linkage structure to move along the track structure. When the linkage structure moves within the curved track, the curved track applies a force to the linkage structure, driving the tool magazine door to open or close in a direction perpendicular to the Y-axis. This solution, when applied to a machine tool, simplifies the machine tool structure, saves on component costs, and the integrated design reduces the space occupied by the machine tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of machine tool technology, specifically to a tool magazine door opening and closing structure and a machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machine tool technology, the tool magazine system of a machine tool is a core component for realizing automatic tool changing. The rationality of its layout and protective structure directly affects the space utilization, operational stability and manufacturing cost of the machine tool.

[0003] Currently, mainstream machine tools generally adopt a separate design for the tool magazine system and the worktable: the worktable, as the core component that carries the workpiece and realizes the feed motion, moves independently along the Y-axis and other directions; while the tool magazine system is fixed separately to non-moving parts such as the machine tool's column, crossbeam, or base, forming a relatively independent spatial layout from the worktable. Although this separate arrangement can simplify the motion interference problem between the two to some extent, it has significant drawbacks:

[0004] On the one hand, the tool magazine system requires independent installation space inside the machine tool. Combined with the safety clearance reserved to avoid conflict with the worktable's movement trajectory, this forces an increase in the overall size of the machine tool. This space waste is particularly pronounced in small and medium-sized machine tools, making it difficult to meet the demands of modern production for miniaturization and compactness. On the other hand, the magazine door (used to isolate external debris and coolant and protect tool precision when not changing tools) requires a separate drive unit, commonly a servo motor with a rack and pinion mechanism or a cylinder-driven linkage structure. These drive units increase the number of parts and assembly complexity, and also require an additional control system to coordinate with the spindle movement (such as tool change signal triggering and door opening / closing detection). This increases manufacturing costs and adds potential failure points. For example, electrical faults in the drive motor or unstable cylinder air pressure can cause the magazine door to fail to open or close, thus affecting tool changing efficiency and even posing safety hazards.

[0005] Furthermore, the drive logic of the magazine door in traditional tool magazines needs to be strictly matched with the tool changing program: the magazine door must remain closed during machining feeds; when the spindle needs to change tools, the magazine door must open precisely. To achieve this coordination, a complex program is often required to control the movement of the magazine door through the control system. This not only increases the system response time but may also lead to a mismatch between the magazine door and the tool changing program due to signal delays or sensor errors, affecting tool changing accuracy or causing mechanical interference. Utility Model Content

[0006] This application aims to solve the problems of large space occupation and separate drive required for the magazine door in existing machine tool tool magazine systems, and provides a compact tool magazine door opening and closing structure that does not require an additional drive device.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0008] A tool magazine door opening and closing structure includes a base, a tool magazine system, a track structure, and a linkage structure. The tool magazine system is mounted on the base and is movable along the Y-axis. The tool magazine system includes a tool magazine body, a protective cover covering the tool magazine body, and an openable and closable door mounted on the protective cover. The track structure is fixedly installed and includes at least one section of a curved track that is inclined or curved relative to the Y-axis. The linkage structure is mounted on the door and cooperates with the track structure. The movement of the tool magazine system along the Y-axis drives the linkage structure to move along the track structure. When the linkage structure moves within the curved track, the curved track applies a force to the linkage structure, driving the door to open or close in a direction perpendicular to the Y-axis.

[0009] In this technical solution, the tool magazine system moves along the Y-axis, and in conjunction with the linkage structure on the track structure and the magazine door, the movement of the tool magazine system directly drives the opening and closing of the magazine door. In other words, the drive mechanism used to drive the movement of the tool magazine system can not only execute the movement of the tool magazine system, but also drive the opening and closing of the magazine door. Therefore, there is no need to set up a separate drive device to drive the opening and closing of the magazine door, which simplifies the machine tool structure, saves the cost of accessories, and the integrated design reduces the space occupied by the machine tool and improves the space utilization rate. At the same time, the force of the curved track on the linkage structure realizes the mechanical linkage of the magazine door, which does not require complex signal detection and feedback, resulting in faster response speed and ensuring the stability of the opening and closing action.

[0010] The tool magazine door opening and closing structure also includes a worktable that can move along the Y-axis on the base. The tool magazine system is integrated on the worktable so that the tool magazine system drives the linkage structure to move along the track structure in sync with the synchronous movement of the worktable along the Y-axis.

[0011] In this technical solution, the tool magazine system is integrated into the worktable. The tool magazine system directly drives the opening and closing of the magazine door as the worktable moves. In other words, the drive mechanism used to drive the worktable can not only move the worktable, but also move the tool magazine system and drive the opening and closing of the magazine door. One drive mechanism can perform multiple functions, further simplifying the machine tool structure and saving on parts and assembly costs.

[0012] The track structure also includes a first straight track connecting the first end of the curved track. The first straight track extends along the Y-axis. When the worktable is in the machining stroke of the machine tool along the Y-axis, the linkage structure moves within the first straight track, and the door remains closed at all times.

[0013] In this technical solution, the first linear track extends in the same direction as the Y-axis, enabling the linkage structure to move along the first linear track within the machine tool's machining stroke. This keeps the magazine door closed, preventing debris and coolant from entering the tool magazine system during machining, protecting the internal environment of the tool magazine, and improving machining safety. Preferably, the length of the first linear track is not less than the maximum machining stroke of the machine tool along the Y-axis, further ensuring that the linkage structure will not enter a curved track during machining, and the magazine door remains closed at all times. Structurally, this eliminates the possibility of accidental opening of the magazine door during machining, ensuring machining continuity and tool magazine safety.

[0014] The track structure also includes a second straight track connecting the second end of the curved track. The second straight track extends along the Y-axis. When the linkage structure moves within the second straight track, the warehouse door remains fully open.

[0015] In this technical solution, the second linear track connects to the curved track, allowing the worktable a distance to continue moving after the tool door is fully opened. After the linkage structure leaves the curved track and enters the second linear track, the tool door remains fully open and maintains a stable open state, preventing the tool door from shaking due to slight movements of the worktable during tool changing, thus ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the tool changing action.

[0016] When the worktable moves to the extreme position at one end of the Y-axis, the linkage structure disengages from the curved track and enters the second straight track, placing the tool magazine system directly below the machine tool spindle.

[0017] In this technical solution, the precise matching of the worktable movement and the tool changing position is achieved. That is, when the tool magazine system is located directly below the machine tool spindle, the magazine door is fully open, which facilitates direct tool changing of the spindle without the need for additional adjustment of the spindle or tool magazine position, shortening the tool changing time and improving the machining efficiency.

[0018] The tool magazine door opening and closing structure also includes a gantry structure for mounting the machine tool spindle. The gantry structure spans above the worktable and is connected to a mounting plate. The track structure is fixed to the bottom of the mounting plate and is located directly above the movement trajectory of the tool magazine door.

[0019] In this technical solution, the track structure is located at the bottom of the mounting plate connected to the gantry structure, and corresponds to the movement trajectory of the storage door and the position of the linkage structure, ensuring the matching accuracy between the track structure and the linkage structure; the mounting plate enhances the rigidity of the track structure, avoids the storage door movement caused by track shaking, and improves the stability of the overall structure.

[0020] The linkage structure is a cam bearing, the axis of which is perpendicular to the Y-axis. The track structure is a track groove formed by guide ribs on both sides to accommodate the cam bearing. The outer ring of the cam bearing contacts the side wall of the track groove to transmit lateral force.

[0021] In this technical solution, the cam bearing and the track groove are engaged by rolling friction, which reduces the resistance during the movement of the linkage structure and makes the door opening and closing smoother. The track groove is limited by guide ribs on both sides to ensure the stability of the cam bearing under force, and the lateral force transmission is more accurate. This effectively avoids jamming during the rolling process of the linkage structure and improves the durability of the mechanical fit.

[0022] The track structure is a double track structure arranged symmetrically along the Y-axis, and the warehouse door is a double door body arranged symmetrically along the Y-axis. Each door body is equipped with a linkage structure that cooperates with the corresponding side track.

[0023] In this technical solution, the dual-track structure and the symmetrical arrangement of the two-sided doors ensure that the force on both sides of the door is balanced, reducing the risk of the door tilting or jamming when opening on one side, and ensuring smooth opening and closing of the door; the symmetrical design also improves the symmetry of the overall machine tool structure, reduces the vibration of the worktable caused by uneven force, and improves the machining accuracy.

[0024] The protective cover is equipped with guide rails corresponding to the two side doors, and the door body is slidably connected to the guide rails via a slider.

[0025] In this technical solution, the vault door is slidably connected to the guide rail of the protective cover via a slider, which provides guidance for the opening and closing of the vault door, ensuring that the door moves along a preset trajectory, avoiding deviation or jamming, and further improving the smoothness and stability of the vault door opening and closing.

[0026] The machine tool provided in this application includes the tool magazine door opening and closing structure as described above, and has the effects of the machine tool structure, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tool magazine door opening and closing structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tool magazine door opening and closing structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 It shows the state of the beam after it has been removed from the column;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tool magazine door opening and closing structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 It shows the assembly structure of the worktable and tool magazine system;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tool magazine door opening and closing structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 It shows the assembly structure of the protective cover and the door;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting plate and track structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting plate and track structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the tool magazine door opening and closing structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 5 ;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the tool magazine door opening and closing structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 6 This indicates that the warehouse door is in the closed state, at which time the linkage structure engages with the first linear track;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the tool magazine door opening and closing structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 7 This shows that the warehouse door is fully open, at which point the linkage mechanism engages with the second linear track.

[0037] List of components and reference numerals:

[0038] 1. Base;

[0039] 2-gantry structure, 21 columns, 22 beams;

[0040] 3 workbenches;

[0041] 41 Tool magazine body, 42 Protective cover, 43 Magazine door;

[0042] 5. Track structure, 51. Curved track, 52. First straight track, 53. Second straight track, 54. Reinforcing rib;

[0043] 6-linkage structure;

[0044] 7 sliders;

[0045] 8 slide rails;

[0046] 9 mounting plates;

[0047] 10 drive motors;

[0048] 20 guide rails. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the overall concept of this application, a detailed explanation is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0051] Furthermore, it should be understood in the description of this application that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," "lateral," and "longitudinal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0052] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0053] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the "above" or "below" of the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0054] In the embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figures 1 to 9As shown, a tool magazine door opening and closing structure is provided. For ease of explanation and understanding, the following content provided in this application is based on the illustrated product structure. Of course, those skilled in the art will understand that the above structure is only a specific example and illustrative illustration, and does not constitute a specific limitation on the technical solution provided in this application.

[0055] The tool magazine door opening and closing structure includes a base 1, a tool magazine system, a track structure 5, and a linkage structure 6. The tool magazine system is mounted on the base 1 and can move along the Y-axis. The tool magazine system includes a tool magazine body 41, a protective cover 42 covering the tool magazine body 41, and an openable and closable door 43 mounted on the protective cover 42. The track structure 5 is fixedly mounted and includes at least a section of curved track 51 that is inclined or bent relative to the Y-axis. The linkage structure 6 is mounted on the door 43 and cooperates with the track structure 5. The movement of the tool magazine system along the Y-axis drives the linkage structure 6 to move along the track structure 5. When the linkage structure 6 moves within the curved track 51, the curved track 51 applies a force to the linkage structure 6, driving the door 43 to open or close in a direction perpendicular to the Y-axis. Figure 1 The Y-axis direction is indicated by a double-headed arrow Y. Figure 2 and Figure 8 The image shows that door 43 is in the closed state. Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 9 The image shows that door 43 is in the open state.

[0056] In this application, the tool magazine system moves along the Y-axis, and in conjunction with the linkage structure 6 on the track structure 5 and the magazine door 43, the movement of the tool magazine system directly drives the opening and closing of the magazine door 43. In other words, the drive mechanism used to drive the movement of the tool magazine system can not only execute the movement of the tool magazine system, but also drive the opening and closing of the magazine door 43. Therefore, there is no need to set up a separate drive device to drive the opening and closing of the magazine door 43, which simplifies the machine tool structure, reduces the number of parts and assembly complexity (reducing vulnerable parts such as gears, racks, and connecting rods), saves on parts and assembly costs, and reduces the failure of the magazine door 43 caused by motor electrical faults, cylinder air pressure instability, etc., significantly improving the stability of equipment operation. The force exerted by the curved track 51 on the linkage structure 6 realizes the mechanical linkage of the magazine door 43, without the need for complex signal detection and feedback, resulting in a faster response speed and ensuring the stability of the opening and closing action of the magazine door 43.

[0057] It should be noted that this application does not specifically limit the installation position of the tool magazine system on the base 1. In the preferred embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the tool magazine door opening and closing structure also includes a worktable 3 that can move along the Y-axis on the base 1. The tool magazine system is integrated on the worktable 3 so that the tool magazine system drives the linkage structure 6 to move along the track structure 5 as the worktable 3 moves synchronously along the Y-axis. Those skilled in the art will understand that by integrating the tool magazine system onto the worktable 3, the tool magazine system directly drives the opening and closing of the magazine door 43 as the worktable 3 moves. In other words, the drive mechanism for moving the worktable 3 can not only move the worktable 3, but also move the tool magazine system and drive the opening and closing of the magazine door 43. One drive mechanism performs multiple functions, further simplifying the machine tool structure and saving on parts and assembly costs. The following implementation methods and embodiments are mainly based on the preferred method of integrating the tool magazine system on the worktable 3 as shown in the accompanying drawings. As an alternative implementation method, the tool magazine system can also be set independently relative to the worktable 3. For example, the tool magazine system can be set on the rear side or either the left or right side of the worktable 3. In this design, an additional drive mechanism needs to be set on the base 1 to drive the tool magazine system to move along the Y-axis so that the machine tool spindle can change tools.

[0058] In the preferred method of integrating the tool magazine system onto the worktable 3, the tool magazine system no longer requires independent installation space and a safety clearance between it and the worktable 3 during actual use, which directly reduces the overall size of the machine tool (especially suitable for small and medium-sized machine tools), meets the needs of miniaturization and compactness of equipment, and improves space utilization.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, a portion of the top area of ​​the worktable 3 can be designated as a machining area for placing the workpiece to be machined, and another portion as a tool reserve area for installing the tool magazine system. The machining area and the tool reserve area can be arranged sequentially along the Y-axis. During machining, the machining area moves below the spindle, while the tool reserve area moves away from the spindle to avoid the tool magazine system interfering with the spindle's movement; during tool changing, the tool reserve area moves below the spindle, while the machining area moves away from the spindle. The movement of the worktable 3 along the Y-axis can be achieved through a drive motor and a lead screw and nut mechanism or other suitable structures. The worktable 3 can be connected to the base 1 via a slide rail slider mechanism to improve the reliability of the worktable 3's movement. Specifically, as shown... Figure 2As shown, a slider 7 can be fixedly installed at the bottom of the worktable 3, and a slide rail 8 extending along the Y-axis to both ends of the base 1 is provided on the base 1. The slide rail 8 and the slider 7 are slidably engaged. It should be noted that the "worktable" mentioned in this application does not refer only to a single table structure that directly supports the workpiece. It can be the entire worktable with a load-bearing function, or the basic load-bearing part of the worktable (such as the worktable base). Specifically, in the technical solution of this application, the worktable 3 is divided into a processing area and a tool preparation area along the Y-axis. The processing area, as the core area for workpiece processing, can be separately equipped with a detachable or adjustable processing table structure (such as a fixture mounting plate for clamping workpieces, a replaceable positioning table, etc.) according to actual processing needs. This processing table structure is fixed to the processing area of ​​the worktable 3 by bolt connection, guide rail engagement, etc., to achieve synchronous movement with the worktable 3. The tool preparation area can be equipped with a tool magazine system through a rigid support structure, which together with the processing area constitutes the overall load-bearing frame of the worktable 3. The advantages of this design are twofold: First, the machining area can flexibly adapt to workpieces of different sizes and shapes through a separately designed machining table structure, improving the machine tool's adaptability to diverse machining needs. Second, the overall frame of the worktable 3 provides a unified load-bearing foundation for the machining area and the tool preparation area, ensuring the stability and positional accuracy of the machining table and tool magazine system when moving synchronously along the Y-axis with the worktable 3, avoiding motion errors caused by a separate design. In short, the "worktable" of this application is an integrated load-bearing platform. Its core function is to achieve coordinated operation of machining and tool preparation through a partitioned design, and the specific load-bearing form of the machining area can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual application scenario, and is not limited to a single fixed table.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 8As shown, the track structure 5 also includes a first straight track 52 connecting the first end of the curved track 51. The first straight track 52 extends along the Y-axis. When the machine tool is in the machining stroke along the Y-axis, the linkage structure 6 moves within the first straight track 52, and the magazine door 43 remains closed. In actual machining, when the machine tool is in the machining stroke along the Y-axis and the worktable 3 moves within the normal machining stroke, the linkage structure 6 always cooperates with the first straight track 52 to ensure that the magazine door 43 will not be accidentally opened due to the feed action of the worktable 3. When it is necessary to open the magazine door 43 for tool changing, the displacement of the worktable 3 exceeds the normal machining stroke, causing the linkage structure 6 to enter the curved track 51 from the first straight track 52. The curved track 51 guides the linkage structure 6 to continue to follow the displacement along the Y-axis while also moving perpendicular to the Y-axis, thereby opening the magazine door 43. After the tool change is completed, the worktable 3 moves in the opposite direction and closes the magazine door 43 again. This design precisely meets the protection requirements during machining, effectively preventing cutting chips, coolant, and other contaminants from entering the tool magazine, protecting tool accuracy (especially crucial for the lifespan of high-precision tools), and avoiding tool wear or decreased machining quality due to protection failure.

[0061] Preferably, the length of the first linear track 52 is not less than the maximum machining stroke of the machine tool along the Y-axis, so that the magazine door 43 is always kept closed during the machining process. In other words, in actual use, no matter how the worktable 3 moves within the maximum machining range (such as rapid feed or slow cutting), the magazine door 43 is always kept closed, ensuring that the linkage structure 6 will not enter the curved track 51 and will always remain within the first linear track 52. Structurally, this eliminates the possibility of the magazine door 43 being accidentally opened during the machining process, ensuring machining continuity and tool magazine safety.

[0062] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 9 As shown, the track structure 5 also includes a second straight track 53 connecting the second end of the curved track 51. The second straight track 53 extends along the Y-axis. When the linkage structure 6 moves within the second straight track 53, the tool holder 43 remains fully open. The second straight track 53 connects to the curved track 51, providing the worktable 3 with a distance to continue moving after the tool holder 43 is fully open. After the linkage structure 6 disengages from the curved track 51 and enters the second straight track 53, the tool holder 43 remains fully open and stably open. During actual tool changing, the worktable 3 may require minor adjustments due to the tool changing action (such as spindle alignment). At this time, the linkage structure 6 is located within the second straight track 53, and the tool holder 43 will not shake or close due to the slight movement of the worktable 3, ensuring the stability of the tool changing space and avoiding collision between the machine tool spindle and the door body caused by the accidental closing of the tool holder 43, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the tool changing process.

[0063] Furthermore, when the worktable 3 moves to its extreme position at one end of the Y-axis, the curved track 51 drives the magazine door 43 to fully open, and the tool magazine system is located directly below the machine tool spindle. Specifically, Figure 1 and Figure 2 The diagram shows the slide rail 8 extending along the Y-axis to both ends of the base 1. One end of the base 1 along the Y-axis is equipped with a drive motor 10 for driving the Y-axis stroke of the worktable 3. The other end of the slide rail 8 opposite the drive motor 10 can be considered the extreme position of this Y-axis end. When the worktable 3 moves to this end, the tool magazine door 43 fully opens, and the linkage structure 6 enters the second linear track 53. The tool magazine system is located directly below the machine tool spindle, allowing direct tool changing. Therefore, precise matching of the worktable 3's movement and tool changing position is achieved. Specifically, when the tool magazine system is directly below the machine tool spindle, the tool magazine door 43 is fully open, facilitating direct tool changing without additional adjustment of the spindle or tool magazine position, shortening tool changing time and improving machining efficiency.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the tool magazine door opening and closing structure also includes a gantry structure 2 for mounting the machine tool spindle. The gantry structure 2 spans above the worktable 3. Preferably, the gantry structure 2 includes columns 21 on both sides of the base 1 and a crossbeam 22 connecting the two columns 21. A mounting plate 9 is connected between the two columns 21. The track structure 5 is fixed to the bottom of the mounting plate 9 and is located directly above the movement trajectory of the tool magazine door 43. Fixing the track structure 5 to the bottom of the mounting plate 9 connected to the two columns 21 and corresponding to the movement trajectory of the tool magazine door 43 and the position of the linkage structure 6 ensures the matching accuracy between the track structure 5 and the linkage structure 6, avoiding jamming or uneven force due to positional deviation (especially at the curved track 51, precise matching can reduce the wear of the cam bearing). The mounting plate 9 enhances the rigidity of the track structure 5, preventing the movement of the tool magazine door 43 from being affected by track wobbling, and improving the stability of the overall structure. In actual installation, the mounting plate 9 can be fixed to the two side columns 21 by welding, screw connection or other means, which makes it more rigid and ensures that the track structure 5 will not deform due to vibration or stress during long-term use.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the linkage structure 6 is a cam bearing with its axis perpendicular to the Y-axis. The track structure 5 is a track groove formed by guide ribs on both sides to accommodate the cam bearing. The outer ring of the cam bearing contacts the sidewall of the track groove to transmit lateral force. The cam bearing and the track groove are engaged by rolling friction. In actual operation, rolling friction has less resistance than sliding friction, making the opening and closing of the door 43 smoother and reducing the extra load on the worktable 3 during movement (avoiding impact on feed accuracy). The track groove is limited by guide ribs on both sides to ensure that the cam bearing does not shift during movement, resulting in more precise lateral force transmission. This effectively prevents the linkage structure 6 from jamming during long-term use, improving the durability of the mechanical fit and extending the service life of the equipment. In addition, the closed structure of the track groove prevents cutting debris from entering the mating surface, reducing the workload of cleaning impurities during daily maintenance. Specifically, the cam bearing can be fixed to the top of the door 43 by a bushing or bolt assembly. During installation, firstly, machine mounting holes or mounting seats suitable for the cam bearing on the door 43, ensuring the mounting reference surface is flat to guarantee that the bearing axis is perpendicular to the moving direction of the worktable 3. Then, fit the inner ring of the cam bearing onto the fixed shaft with an interference fit, or directly fasten the bearing housing to the mounting position on the door 43 with bolts, allowing the outer ring of the bearing to rotate freely. After installation, adjust the position of the cam bearing so that its outer ring is precisely embedded in the track groove of the track structure 5, maintaining an appropriate gap (e.g., 0.1mm-0.3mm) with the side walls of the track groove. This ensures that the cam bearing can roll smoothly along the track groove while transmitting lateral force through contact with the side walls. Simultaneously, ensure that the cam bearing axis is perpendicular to the extension direction of the track groove to avoid abnormal wear or jamming of the bearing and track groove due to installation misalignment.

[0066] In an alternative embodiment, the linkage structure can also be a gear fixed to the door, with a rack at a corresponding position on the track structure (the rack connects to the straight and curved sections). When the worktable moves, the gear rolls along the rack and meshes, driving the door to move laterally through gear rotation. This structure transmits greater force and is suitable for heavy-duty doors, but requires regular lubrication of the gear and rack meshing surfaces to prevent debris from getting stuck. In another alternative embodiment, the linkage structure can also use an eccentric wheel, with the track structure being an open groove (with a guide wall on only one side). The eccentric wheel is fixed to the door via a shaft, with its rim contacting the side wall of the groove. The eccentric design compensates for positional deviations between the track and the door, making it easier to assemble in small and medium-sized machine tools with lower installation precision requirements.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 5As shown, the guide ribs are connected to spaced reinforcing ribs 54 along their extension direction. In actual use, the curved track 51 is the area of ​​the linkage structure 6 that experiences the most complex stress (it needs to withstand both thrust and lateral force in the Y-axis direction). The reinforcing ribs 54 can effectively resist the deformation of the track, ensuring that the curved trajectory of the track remains accurate over a long period of time (if the track deforms, it may cause deviation in the opening and closing angle of the door 43, affecting the tool changing space). This design extends the service life of the track structure 5 and reduces the maintenance frequency caused by track wear or deformation.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the track structure 5 is a double-track structure 5 symmetrically arranged along the Y-axis, and the storage door 43 is a double-sided door body symmetrically arranged along the Y-axis. Each side door body is equipped with a linkage structure 6 that cooperates with the corresponding side track. The symmetrical arrangement of the double-track structure 5 and the double-sided door body ensures that the force on both sides of the storage door 43 is balanced, reducing the risk of the door body tilting or jamming when opening on one side, and ensuring that the opening and closing action of the storage door 43 is smooth. The symmetrical design also improves the symmetry of the overall structure of the machine tool, reduces the vibration of the worktable 3 caused by uneven force, and improves the machining accuracy.

[0069] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, the protective cover 42 is equipped with guide rails 20 corresponding to the two side doors. The doors are slidably connected to the guide rails 20 via sliders (the view is obstructed by the door 43). In actual use, the cooperation between the sliders and the guide rails 20 ensures that the door 43 moves along a preset trajectory, avoiding interference with the protective cover 42 or other components due to door offset (traditional guideless designs may result in door jamming or even damage). This structure also reduces the frictional resistance of the door movement, making the driving force of the linkage structure 6 more efficiently converted into the opening and closing action of the door, further improving the smoothness of the overall structure. Any parts not mentioned in this application can be implemented using or by referencing existing technologies.

[0070] The machine tool provided in this application includes the tool magazine door opening and closing structure as described above. Since the machine tool includes the tool magazine door opening and closing structure in any of the above embodiments and examples, the technical effects of the tool magazine door opening and closing structure are all included in the machine tool, and will not be repeated here.

[0071] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0072] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A tool magazine door opening and closing structure, characterized in that, include: Base (1); The tool magazine system is mounted on the base (1) and can move along the Y-axis. The tool magazine system includes a tool magazine body (41), a protective cover (42) covering the tool magazine body (41), and an openable and closable magazine door (43) on the protective cover (42). The track structure (5), which is fixedly set, includes at least a section of curved track (51) that is inclined or bent relative to the Y-axis; The linkage structure (6) is installed on the door (43) and cooperates with the track structure (5); The movement of the tool magazine system along the Y-axis drives the linkage structure (6) to move along the track structure (5). When the linkage structure (6) moves within the curved track (51), the curved track (51) applies a force to the linkage structure (6), driving the magazine door (43) to open or close in a direction perpendicular to the Y-axis.

2. The tool magazine door opening and closing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tool magazine door opening and closing structure also includes a worktable (3) that can move along the Y-axis on the base (1). The tool magazine system is integrated on the worktable (3) so that the tool magazine system drives the linkage structure (6) to move along the track structure (5) synchronously with the worktable (3) along the Y-axis.

3. The tool magazine door opening and closing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The track structure (5) also includes a first straight track (52) connecting the first end of the curved track (51). The first straight track (52) extends along the Y-axis. When the worktable (3) is in the machining stroke of the machine tool along the Y-axis, the linkage structure (6) moves within the first straight track (52), and the door (43) always remains closed.

4. The tool magazine door opening and closing structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The track structure (5) also includes a second straight track (53) connecting the second end of the curved track (51). The second straight track (53) extends along the Y-axis. When the linkage structure (6) moves within the second straight track (53), the door (43) remains fully open.

5. The tool magazine door opening and closing structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the worktable (3) moves to the extreme position at one end of the Y-axis, the linkage structure (6) disengages from the curved track (51) and enters the second straight track (53), and positions the tool magazine system directly below the machine tool spindle.

6. The tool magazine door opening and closing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tool magazine door opening and closing structure also includes a gantry structure (2) for installing the machine tool spindle. The gantry structure (2) spans across the worktable (3) and is connected to a mounting plate (9). The track structure (5) is fixed to the bottom of the mounting plate (9) and is located directly above the movement trajectory of the tool magazine door (43).

7. The tool magazine door opening and closing structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The linkage structure (6) is a cam bearing, the axis of which is perpendicular to the Y-axis. The track structure (5) is a track groove formed by guide ribs on both sides to accommodate the cam bearing. The outer ring of the cam bearing contacts the side wall of the track groove to transmit lateral force.

8. The tool magazine door opening and closing structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The track structure (5) is a double track structure arranged symmetrically along the Y-axis. The warehouse door (43) is a double door body arranged symmetrically along the Y-axis. Each door body is equipped with a linkage structure (6) and cooperates with the corresponding side track.

9. The tool magazine door opening and closing structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The protective cover (42) is provided with guide rails (20) corresponding to the two sides of the door, and the door is slidably connected to the guide rails (20) by a slider.

10. A machine tool, characterized in that, Includes the blade magazine door opening and closing structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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