Numerical control cutter shockproof mechanism
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522155540.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-22
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-10-13
AI Technical Summary
数控刀具伸出长度过长时会形成明显悬臂效应，使刀具刚性和系统固有频率下降、弯矩增大，导致切削过程易出现自激振动与共振，表现为刀具位移与振幅波动、加工表面出现周期性条纹、尺寸精度和重复性下降、刀具与刀柄疲劳加速、主轴负载波动甚至导致切削力突增致设备停机，且因系统阻尼小和多模态耦合，振动特性复杂且对切削参数极为敏感，同时噪声增加、检测困难、废品率上升、刀具更换频繁、生产稳定性差，影响质量控制与效率
本实用新型中，在实际工作中，首先通过支撑板利用螺杆与数控机体可靠固定，形成刚性安装基体，从而保证整体稳定性；减震组件安装在支撑板下部，作为刀具与机体之间的中间隔振结构，能够在刀具受力过程中有效削弱振动能量传递；减震组件的固定管内部采用分层结构设计，中部隔板上开设有缓释气道，当切削过程中因刀具伸出过长而产生的自激振动或冲击波传导至固定管内部时，空气经缓释气道流动并与内部腔体共同形成气体缓冲区，可实现对高频微振的分散与吸收；同时固定管下部通过弹簧与座体上部的滑块弹性连接，在切削力突变或共振出现时，弹簧形变量配合滑块位移可起到吸收冲击、延缓振幅峰值的作用，从而降低座体及刀杆的震动幅度；最终，刀杆被稳定地夹持在座体下部，切削时因多级隔振与气道缓冲共同作用，有效减少了由悬臂效应引发的振动，保证加工精度和表面质量，同时延长刀具与刀柄的使用寿命，提高整体加工的稳定性与效率。
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Figure CN224780022U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC cutting tool technology, and in particular to a CNC cutting tool anti-vibration mechanism. Background Technology
[0002] CNC cutting tools are high-efficiency machining tools used in conjunction with CNC machine tools. They achieve automated cutting, milling, drilling, and other machining operations through pre-set CNC programs. They can perform high-precision machining of various workpieces such as metals, alloys, plastics, and composite materials under conditions of high-speed rotation and precise feed. Compared with traditional cutting tools, CNC cutting tools not only have the characteristics of high wear resistance, fast cutting efficiency, and stable machining accuracy, but also can improve their life and cutting performance through tool geometry parameter optimization and coating technology. They are widely used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, mold processing, and precision instruments, and are an indispensable core tool for modern manufacturing industries to improve production efficiency and product quality. When the extension length of a CNC cutting tool is too long, it will create a significant cantilever effect, which will reduce the tool rigidity and the system's natural frequency, increase the bending moment, and make the cutting process prone to self-excited vibration and resonance. This manifests as fluctuations in tool displacement and amplitude, periodic stripes on the machined surface, decreased dimensional accuracy and repeatability, accelerated fatigue of the tool and tool holder, fluctuations in spindle load, and even sudden increases in cutting force that can cause equipment shutdown. Furthermore, due to the low system damping and multimodal coupling, the vibration characteristics are complex and extremely sensitive to cutting parameters. At the same time, it increases noise, makes detection difficult, increases scrap rate, requires frequent tool changes, and reduces production stability, affecting quality control and efficiency. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a CNC tool anti-vibration mechanism, comprising a support plate for being fixedly mounted on a CNC machine body by a screw, and a vibration damping component fixedly mounted on the lower part of the support plate; a base, the lower part of which is fixedly mounted on the lower part of the vibration damping component, and the lower part of the base for clamping and mounting a tool holder; wherein, the vibration damping component includes a fixing tube fixed to the lower part of the support plate, the fixing tube being internally layered, and a partition in the middle of the fixing tube having a slow-release air passage, and the lower part of the fixing tube being fixedly connected to a slider fixed to the upper part of the base by a spring.
[0005] In at least some embodiments, the fixed tube is provided with a first air chamber and a second air chamber, the first air chamber being located below the second air chamber and connected to it through the slow-release air passage.
[0006] In at least some embodiments, a baffle installed inside the fixed tube is rotated to block the arc-shaped air passage opened on the fixed tube partition, and the size of the arc-shaped air passage is changed by rotating the baffle, thereby realizing the damping adjustment action.
[0007] In at least some embodiments, the upper part of the baffle rod passes through the fixed tube and is fixedly connected to a worm gear rotatably installed inside the support plate, and the worm rotatably installed inside the support plate meshes with the worm gear.
[0008] In at least some embodiments, the worm gear extends through the support plate to the outside and is fixedly connected to a knob. When in use, the size of the slow-release airway is changed by rotating the knob.
[0009] In at least some embodiments, a clamping block is fitted to the lower part of the base, and the upper part of the screw tube screwed to the lower part of the base fits against the clamping block. Rotating the screw tube compresses the clamping block to perform a surrounding clamping action on the tool bar inserted inside the clamping block.
[0010] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this utility model are as follows: In this invention, during actual operation, the support plate is first reliably fixed to the CNC machine body using screws, forming a rigid mounting base to ensure overall stability. The vibration damping component is installed at the bottom of the support plate, serving as a mid-level vibration isolation structure between the tool and the machine body, effectively reducing vibration energy transmission during tool stress. The internal structure of the damping component's fixing tube is layered, with a slow-release air channel on the middle partition. When self-excited vibrations or shock waves generated during cutting due to excessive tool extension are transmitted to the inside of the fixing tube, air flows through the slow-release air channel and forms a gas mixture with the internal cavity. The buffer zone disperses and absorbs high-frequency micro-vibrations. Simultaneously, the lower part of the fixed tube is elastically connected to the upper slider of the base via a spring. When sudden changes in cutting force or resonance occur, the spring deformation, combined with the slider displacement, absorbs the impact and delays the peak amplitude, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude of the base and tool holder. Ultimately, the tool holder is stably clamped at the lower part of the base. During cutting, the multi-stage vibration isolation and air duct buffering work together to effectively reduce vibrations caused by the cantilever effect, ensuring machining accuracy and surface quality, while extending the service life of the tool and tool holder, and improving the overall stability and efficiency of machining. Attached Figure Description
[0011] Figure 1 This utility model provides a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a CNC tool anti-vibration mechanism; Figure 2 This utility model provides a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support plate in a CNC tool anti-vibration mechanism; Figure 3This utility model provides a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fixed tube cross-section in a CNC tool anti-vibration mechanism; Figure 4 This utility model presents a three-dimensional structural diagram of the clamping block in a CNC tool anti-vibration mechanism.
[0012] Legend: 1. Support plate; 2. CNC machine body; 3. Base; 4. Vibration damping assembly; 5. Clamping block; 6. Screw tube; 7. Tool holder; 401. Fixed tube; 402. Slider; 403. Spring; 404. First air chamber; 405. Second air chamber; 406. Slow-release air passage; 407. Baffle; 408. Worm gear; 409. Worm; 410. Knob. Detailed Implementation
[0013] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.
[0014] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the following specification.
[0015] Example, according to Figures 1-4 As shown in the figure, the CNC tool anti-vibration mechanism provided in this embodiment of the utility model includes a support plate 1, which is fixedly installed on the CNC machine body 2 by a screw, and a vibration damping component 4, which is fixedly installed on the lower part of the support plate 1; a base 3, the lower part of which is fixedly installed on the lower part of the vibration damping component 4, and the lower part of the base 3 is used to clamp and install the tool holder 7; wherein, the vibration damping component 4 includes a fixing tube 401 fixed on the lower part of the support plate 1, the fixing tube 401 is arranged in layers inside, and the partition in the middle of the fixing tube 401 has a slow-release air passage 406, and the lower part of the fixing tube 401 is fixedly connected to the slider 402 fixed on the upper part of the base 3 by a spring 403.
[0016] In actual operation, the above-mentioned CNC tool anti-vibration mechanism first uses the support plate 1 to be reliably fixed to the CNC machine body 2 by screws to form a rigid mounting base, thereby ensuring overall stability; The vibration damping component 4 is installed on the lower part of the support plate 1, serving as an intermediate vibration isolation structure between the tool and the machine body. It can effectively reduce the transmission of vibration energy during the tool's stress process. The fixed tube 401 of the vibration damping component 4 adopts a layered structure design. A slow-release air channel 406 is opened on the middle partition. When the self-excited vibration or shock wave generated by the tool extending too far during the cutting process is transmitted to the inside of the fixed tube 401, the air flows through the slow-release air channel 406 and forms a gas buffer with the internal cavity, which can achieve the dispersion and absorption of high-frequency micro-vibrations. Meanwhile, the lower part of the fixed tube 401 is elastically connected to the upper part of the slide block 402 of the seat body 3 through the spring 403. When the cutting force changes suddenly or resonance occurs, the deformation of the spring 403 and the displacement of the slide block 402 can absorb the impact and delay the peak amplitude, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude of the seat body 3 and the tool holder 7. Finally, the tool holder 7 is stably clamped in the lower part of the base 3. During cutting, the vibration caused by the cantilever effect is effectively reduced due to the combined effect of multi-stage vibration isolation and air channel buffer.
[0017] In this embodiment, the fixed tube 401 is provided with a first air chamber 404 and a second air chamber 405. The first air chamber 404 is located below the second air chamber 405 and is connected and connected through a slow-release air passage 406. A baffle 407 rotatably installed inside the fixed tube 401 blocks the arc-shaped air passage opened on the partition of the fixed tube 401. Rotating the baffle 407 changes the size of the arc-shaped air passage, thereby realizing the damping adjustment action. The upper part of the rod of the baffle 407 passes through the fixed tube 401 and is fixedly connected to the worm gear 408 rotatably installed inside the support plate 1. The worm 409 rotatably installed inside the support plate 1 meshes with the worm gear 408. The worm 409 passes through the support plate 1 and extends to the outside, where a knob 410 is fixedly connected. In use, the size of the slow-release air passage 406 is changed by rotating the knob 410.
[0018] The vibration energy can be controlled and dissipated through the double-cavity layered design and damping adjustment structure inside the fixed tube 401. Specifically, the fixed tube 401 is provided with a first air chamber 404 and a second air chamber 405. The first air chamber 404 is located at the bottom and is connected to the second air chamber 405 through a slow-release air passage 406. When the tool vibrates during the cutting process, the vibration energy is transmitted to the air chamber along the seat 3 and the fixed tube 401. The flow of air between the chambers forms a buffering effect, thereby dissipating and delaying the high-frequency vibration. An arc-shaped air passage is opened on the baffle plate in the middle of the fixed pipe 401. When the rotating baffle 407 is rotated, it will partially or completely block the arc-shaped air passage, thereby changing the cross-sectional area of the gas flow and producing different damping effects. The rod on the upper part of the baffle 407 passes through the fixed tube 401 and is fixedly connected to the worm wheel 408. The worm wheel 408 meshes with the worm 409 rotatably installed inside the support plate 1. When the external operator rotates the knob 410 at the end of the worm 409, the worm 409 drives the worm wheel 408 and the baffle 407 to rotate, thereby precisely adjusting the opening of the arc-shaped airway and controlling the flow rate of the slow-release airway 406. In practical applications, different rotation angles of knob 410 correspond to different damping adjustment states, enabling the device to flexibly select the optimal vibration reduction effect according to the tool extension length, cutting material and machining conditions, ultimately effectively reducing the vibration amplitude caused by the cantilever effect and ensuring the stability of the cutting process and machining quality.
[0019] In this embodiment, a clamping block 5 is placed at the lower part of the base 3. The upper part of the screw tube 6 screwed to the lower part of the base 3 is in contact with the clamping block 5. Rotating the screw tube 6 will press the clamping block 5 to perform a surrounding clamping action on the tool bar 7 inserted inside the clamping block 5.
[0020] The tool holder 7 is stably fixed by the matching fit between the lower part of the base 3 and the clamping block 5 and the helical drive of the screw tube 6. When the tool holder 7 is inserted into the clamping block 5, the screw tube 6 set at the lower part of the base 3 can be rotated to drive its upper part to gradually press the clamping block 5 inward. Under the force, the clamping block 5 undergoes radial tightening deformation, thereby creating a surrounding clamping effect on the tool holder 7, ensuring the positioning accuracy of the tool holder 7 during the cutting process and preventing it from loosening. Meanwhile, the main body of the clamping block 5 is composed of multiple clamping rods arranged in a circumferential array, which makes the force points evenly distributed in the circumference. This not only avoids the problem of eccentric force caused by single-point clamping, but also further increases the contact area and friction between the tool holder 7 and the base 3, thereby significantly enhancing the stability and anti-vibration performance of the tool holder 7 and ensuring the safety and reliability of the machining process.
[0021] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: the support plate 1 is reliably fixed to the CNC machine body 2 by a screw, forming a rigid mounting base, thereby ensuring overall stability; the vibration damping component 4 is installed at the lower part of the support plate 1, serving as an intermediate vibration isolation structure between the tool and the machine body, which can effectively weaken the transmission of vibration energy during the tool's stress process. The fixed tube 401 of the vibration damping component 4 adopts a layered structure design, with a slow-release air channel 406 opened on the middle partition. When the self-excited vibration or shock wave generated by the tool extending too far during the cutting process is transmitted to the inside of the fixed tube 401, the air flows through the slow-release air channel 406 and forms a gas buffer with the internal cavity, which can disperse and absorb high-frequency micro-vibrations; at the same time, the lower part of the fixed tube 401 is elastically connected to the slider 402 on the upper part of the seat 3 by a spring 403. When the cutting force changes suddenly or resonance occurs, the deformation of the spring 403, combined with the displacement of the slider 402, can absorb the impact and delay the peak amplitude, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude of the seat 3 and the tool holder 7.
[0022] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments for application in other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this utility model without departing from the technical solution of this utility model shall still fall within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A CNC cutting tool anti-vibration mechanism, comprising a support plate (1), the support plate (1) being fixedly mounted on a CNC machine body (2) by a screw, characterized in that, Also includes: The shock absorption assembly (4) is fixedly installed on the lower part of the support plate (1); The lower part of the seat (3) is fixedly installed on the lower part of the shock absorption assembly (4), and the lower part of the seat (3) is used to clamp and install the tool bar (7). The shock absorption assembly (4) includes a fixed tube (401) fixed to the lower part of the support plate (1). The fixed tube (401) is arranged in layers inside, and a slow-release air passage (406) is provided in the partition in the middle of the fixed tube (401). The lower part of the fixed tube (401) is fixedly connected to the slider (402) fixed to the upper part of the seat (3) by a spring (403).
2. The anti-vibration mechanism for CNC cutting tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed tube (401) is provided with a first air chamber (404) and a second air chamber (405). The first air chamber (404) is located below the second air chamber (405) and is connected to it through the slow-release air channel (406).
3. The anti-vibration mechanism for CNC cutting tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: Rotating the baffle (407) installed inside the fixed tube (401) blocks the arc-shaped air passage opened on the partition of the fixed tube (401), and rotating the baffle (407) changes the size of the arc-shaped air passage, thereby realizing the damping adjustment action.
4. The anti-vibration mechanism for CNC cutting tools according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper part of the rod of the baffle (407) passes through the fixed tube (401) and is fixedly connected to the worm gear (408) rotatably installed inside the support plate (1). The worm (409) rotatably installed inside the support plate (1) meshes with the worm gear (408).
5. A CNC cutting tool anti-vibration mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The worm gear (409) extends through the support plate (1) to the outside and is fixedly connected to a knob (410). When in use, the size of the slow-release airway (406) can be changed by rotating the knob (410).
6. The anti-vibration mechanism for CNC cutting tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: A clamping block (5) is placed at the lower part of the seat (3). The upper part of the screw tube (6) screwed to the lower part of the seat (3) is in contact with the clamping block (5). Rotating the screw tube (6) will press the clamping block (5) to surround and clamp the knife bar (7) inserted inside the clamping block (5).