Self-adaptive composite fixture for special-shaped workpiece

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of clamp, disclose a kind of self-adapting composite clamp for special-shaped workpiece, including two clamps, the outside of the clamp is fixedly connected with support arm, the bottom inside of two support arms is fixedly connected with air cylinder, the inner wall of the clamp is slidably connected with multiple clamping posts, one end of the clamping post is fixedly connected with rubber cap, spring is equipped outside the clamping post, the outside of the clamping post is fixedly connected with multiple connecting blocks, the outside of two connecting blocks is fixedly connected with slide post, the inner wall of the slide post is fixedly connected with two magnetic sheet two, the outside of two connecting blocks is slidably connected with crescent plate. In the utility model, the contact force of clamping post and workpiece can be changed from traditional rigid clamping "impact type" to "progressive type", effectively avoiding the damage such as surface scratch and corner crack of fragile material special-shaped workpiece such as glass and carbon fiber during clamping process, and significantly improving workpiece processing qualification rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fixture technology, and in particular to an adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces. Background Technology

[0002] Fixture technology is a core auxiliary technology in the field of mechanical manufacturing. It primarily uses specially designed devices to achieve precise positioning, reliable clamping, and stable support of workpieces, ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of machining, assembly, and inspection processes. Its core lies in optimizing clamping schemes based on workpiece shape and process requirements. By combining mechanical structures and sensor control technologies, it can derive adaptive and modular types, adapting to workpieces of different specifications, reducing tooling changeover time, and is one of the key technologies for improving manufacturing automation and product quality.

[0003] Based on the core requirements of fixture technology, an adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces is an innovative device specifically designed to solve the clamping challenges of irregularly shaped workpieces (without a unified reference). It breaks through the traditional "one-to-one" fixed clamping mode of fixtures, and through adjustable clamping units, it can automatically adapt to the contour features of irregularly shaped workpieces to ensure clamping stability and meet machining accuracy requirements. This represents a precise application of fixture technology in the manufacturing of irregularly shaped parts.

[0004] However, in existing technologies, some devices used for clamping irregularly shaped workpieces employ traditional flexible clamping methods that cannot change the "impact-type" action characteristic of the contact force between the clamping column and the workpiece. When dealing with irregularly shaped parts made of fragile materials such as glass and carbon fiber, the instantaneous impact can easily cause scratches on the workpiece surface and chipping at the edges, making it difficult to effectively protect the workpiece. Ultimately, this results in a high defect rate after workpiece processing, failing to meet the requirements for workpiece pass rate in high-precision machining scenarios.

[0005] Therefore, an adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces is proposed to address the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] To overcome the above shortcomings, this utility model provides an adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces. It aims to improve the problem that some traditional flexible clamping methods in the prior art are prone to causing scratches and chipping of the workpiece surface and edges when facing irregularly shaped workpieces made of fragile materials such as glass and carbon fiber. This makes it impossible to meet the requirements for workpiece qualification rate in high-precision machining scenarios.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] An adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces includes two clamping plates. Support arms are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the clamping plates, and cylinders are fixedly connected to the inner bottom sides of the two support arms. Multiple clamping columns are slidably connected to the inner walls of the clamping plates. A rubber cap is fixedly connected to one end of each clamping column, and a spring is sleeved on the outside of each clamping column. Multiple connecting blocks are fixedly connected to the outside of each clamping column. Sliding columns are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the two connecting blocks. Two magnetic plates are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the sliding columns. A crescent plate is slidably connected to the outside of the two connecting blocks. A sliding groove is provided on the outside of the crescent plate for the sliding column to slide. Multiple magnetic plates are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the crescent plate to attract the magnetic plates. Multiple sliding grooves are provided inside the clamping plates for the crescent plate to slide.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0010] The cylinder is fixedly connected to both the left and right sides with an output shaft, and the inner side of the support arm is fixedly connected to one end of the output shaft.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0012] Guide rods are fixedly connected to the four corners on both sides of the cylinder. The inner wall of the support arm is slidably connected to the outside of the guide rods. A limit block is fixedly connected to one end of the guide rod.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0014] The clamping column is fixedly connected to the outside of a limiting ring, and the outside of the limiting ring is slidably connected to the inner wall of the clamping plate.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0016] One end of the spring is fixedly connected to one side of the limiting ring, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the clamping plate.

[0017] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0018] A rubber plate is fixedly connected to the outer side of the clamping column, and multiple rubber balls are fixedly connected to the outer side of the rubber plate. A rubber plate is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the clamping plate, and multiple grooves that match and fit the rubber balls are opened on the surface of the rubber plate.

[0019] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0020] The multiple connecting blocks are arranged symmetrically in pairs, and each crescent plate is matched with two connecting blocks respectively;

[0021] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0022] The inner surface of the crescent plate is coated with a friction-enhancing layer, which is a polyurethane layer.

[0023] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. In this utility model, the double buffering mechanism formed by spring damping and the rotational friction of the crescent plate can change the contact force between the clamping column and the workpiece from the "impact type" of traditional rigid clamping to the "progressive type", effectively avoiding damage such as surface scratches and edge cracks of fragile materials such as glass and carbon fiber during the clamping process, and significantly improving the workpiece processing qualification rate.

[0025] 2. In this utility model, the second protective structure of the rubber plate contacting the rubber ball and the groove can further absorb the residual impact force when the clamping column reaches the end of its stroke, preventing damage to the workpiece and the fixture from rigid collisions. This not only enhances the overall vibration resistance of the fixture, but also extends the service life of the core components and ensures the stability of high-frequency clamping operations. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces proposed in this utility model.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping plate of an adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces proposed in this utility model.

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the image;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the crescent plate of an adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces proposed in this utility model.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding column of an adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces proposed in this utility model;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rubber ball structure of an adaptive composite clamp for irregularly shaped workpieces proposed in this utility model.

[0032] Legend:

[0033] 1. Clamping plate; 2. Support arm; 3. Cylinder; 4. Guide rod; 5. Limiting block; 6. Clamping column; 7. Rubber cap; 8. Spring; 9. Limiting ring; 10. Connecting block; 11. Sliding column; 12. Magnetic sheet one; 13. Crescent plate; 14. Sliding groove one; 15. Magnetic sheet two; 16. Sliding groove two; 17. Rubber plate one; 18. Rubber ball; 19. Rubber plate two; 20. Slot. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0035] Reference Figures 1 to 6 This utility model provides an embodiment of an adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces, comprising two clamping plates 1, which provide a mounting base for the sliding of clamping columns 6 and support the overall clamping structure; a support arm 2 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the clamping plate 1, which connects the clamping plate 1 to the output shaft of a cylinder 3 and drives the clamping plate 1 to move towards the center under the drive of the cylinder 3; a cylinder 3 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the two support arms 2, which provides driving force and transmits power through the output shaft; an output shaft is fixedly connected to both the left and right sides of the cylinder 3, which transmits the driving force of the cylinder 3 to the support arm 2 and drives the support arm 2 to slide along the guide rod 4.

[0036] The inner side of the support arm 2 is fixedly connected to one end of the output shaft. Guide rods 4 are fixedly connected to the four corners on both sides of the cylinder 3. The guide rods 4 are used to guide the movement of the support arm 2 and limit the direction of movement of the support arm 2. The inner wall of the support arm 2 is slidably connected to the outside of the guide rods 4. One end of the guide rods 4 is fixedly connected to a limit block 5. The limit block 5 is used to prevent the support arm 2 from disengaging from the guide rods 4 during movement. Multiple clamping columns 6 are slidably connected to the inner wall of the clamping plate 1. The clamping columns 6 are used to approach the workpiece under the action of the clamping plate 1 and to contact the workpiece through the rubber caps 7 to achieve clamping. One end of the clamping column 6 is fixedly connected to a rubber cap 7. The rubber cap 7 is used to contact the workpiece first and reduce direct damage to the surface of the workpiece through its own elasticity. A spring 8 is sleeved on the outside of the clamping column 6. The spring 8 is used to generate a reverse elastic force when the clamping column 6 slides towards the inner wall of the clamping plate 1 by the limit ring 9, forming the first layer of damping buffer.

[0037] A limiting ring 9 is fixedly connected to the outside of the clamping column 6. The limiting ring 9 is used to limit the position of the spring 8 and compress the spring 8 when the clamping column 6 slides, while preventing the clamping column 6 from detaching from the inner wall of the clamping plate 1. The limiting ring 9 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the clamping plate 1. One end of the spring 8 is fixedly connected to one side of the limiting ring 9, and the other end of the spring 8 is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the clamping plate 1. Multiple connecting blocks 10 are fixedly connected to the outside of the clamping column 6. The connecting blocks 10 are used to connect the clamping column 6 and the sliding column 11 and drive the sliding column 11 to slide with the clamping column 6. The sliding column 11 is fixedly connected to the outside of the two connecting blocks 10. The sliding column 11 is used to slide in the sliding groove 14 of the crescent plate 13 under the drive of the connecting blocks 10. At the same time, the magnetic sheet 15 on its inner wall cooperates with the magnetic sheet 12 of the crescent plate 13 to achieve magnetic control.

[0038] Two magnetic plates 15 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sliding column 11. The magnetic plates 15 attract each other with the magnetic plate 12 of the crescent plate 13. When the driving force is small, the position of the crescent plate 13 is kept stable. When the driving force is large, the magnetic force is temporarily lost, allowing the crescent plate 13 to slide and rotate. The two connecting blocks 10 are slidably connected to the outside of the crescent plate 13. The crescent plate 13 slides and rotates along the sliding groove 16 of the clamping plate 1 under the drive of the sliding column 11. Its arc structure causes the convex surface to rub against the sliding groove 16, forming a double damping buffer with the spring 8. The inner surface of the crescent plate 13 is coated with a friction enhancement layer. The friction enhancement layer is used to enhance the friction between the crescent plate 13 and the sliding groove 16, further improving the damping effect of the clamping system and ensuring that the clamping process is stable and controllable. The friction enhancement layer is a polyurethane layer. The polyurethane layer has a good coefficient of friction and wear resistance, which can stably improve the friction enhancement effect.

[0039] Multiple connecting blocks 10 are symmetrically arranged in pairs, and each crescent plate 13 is matched with two connecting blocks 10 respectively. This distribution and matching method is used to ensure that the crescent plate 13 is subjected to uniform force and can stably slide and rotate with the connecting blocks 10. The outer side of the crescent plate 13 is provided with a sliding groove 14 for the sliding column 11 to slide. The sliding groove 14 is used to provide space for the sliding column 11 to slide and to limit the sliding trajectory of the sliding column 11. Multiple magnetic sheets 12 that attract magnetic sheets 15 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the crescent plate 13. The magnetic sheets 12 are used to attract each other with the magnetic sheets 15 of the sliding column 11. When the driving force is small, the position of the crescent plate 13 remains stable. When the driving force is large, the magnetic force is temporarily lost, allowing the crescent plate 13 to slide and rotate. The inside of the clamping plate 1 is provided with multiple sliding grooves 16 for the crescent plate 13 to slide. The sliding grooves 16 provide space for the sliding and rotation of the crescent plate 13, and at the same time, they form a second layer of damping buffer by friction with the convex surface of the crescent plate 13. A rubber plate 17 is fixedly connected to the outside of the clamping column 6. The rubber plate 17 is used to contact the rubber plate 19 when the clamping column 6 slides to the limit position, and absorbs the residual impact force through its own elastic deformation, forming a second layer of protection.

[0040] Multiple rubber balls 18 are fixedly connected to the outer side of rubber plate 17. The rubber balls 18 are used to embed into the slots 20 when rubber plate 17 contacts rubber plate 29, to achieve secondary buffer positioning and provide additional positioning constraints to prevent the clamping column 6 from slight displacement. Rubber plate 29 is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of clamping plate 1. Rubber plate 29 is used to contact rubber plate 17 when the clamping column 6 slides to the limit position. It works with rubber plate 17 to absorb residual impact force through elastic deformation and avoid rigid collision. Multiple slots 20 that match and fit the rubber balls 18 are opened on the surface of rubber plate 29. The slots 20 are used to fit with the rubber balls 18 and provide additional positioning constraints after the clamping column 6 has finished shrinking, to prevent the clamping column 6 from slight displacement due to processing vibration, and to enhance the overall vibration resistance.

[0041] Working principle: When this adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces is working, the cylinder 3 drives the support arm 2 to move towards the center along the guide rod 4 via the output shaft, causing the two clamping plates 1 to approach the workpiece. The limiting block 5 at the end of the guide rod 4 prevents the support arm 2 from detaching. The rubber cap 7 at the end of the clamping column 6 first contacts the workpiece. As the clamping plate 1 continues to move, the clamping column 6 slides towards the inner wall of the clamping plate 1, and the limiting ring 9 compresses the spring 8 to generate a reverse elastic force. Due to the large driving force, the connecting block 10 drives the sliding column 11 to slide outward in the sliding groove 14 of the crescent plate 13, causing the magnetic sheet 1 to slide outward. The magnetic force of the magnetic plate 12 and magnetic plate 15 is temporarily lost. Affected by the arc structure of the crescent plate 13, it slides and rotates along the slide groove 16. The concave surface turns towards the rubber cap 7, and the convex surface rubs against the slide groove 16. With the help of the spring 8, double damping is formed, which effectively buffers the retraction speed of the clamping column 6. This avoids the problem of the clamping column 6 hitting the workpiece at high speed in traditional rigid clamping. It changes the contact force between the rubber cap 7 and the workpiece from "impact type" to "progressive type". It is especially suitable for irregular parts made of fragile materials such as glass and carbon fiber, and can significantly reduce surface scratches, edge cracks and other damage.

[0042] When the clamping column 6 slides to its limit position, rubber plate 17 contacts rubber plate 19, and rubber ball 18 embeds into slot 20 to achieve secondary buffering and positioning, forming a second protection mechanism independent of spring 8 and crescent plate 13: the elastic deformation of the rubber material can further absorb residual impact force, avoiding rigid collision when the clamping column 6 reaches the end of its stroke; while the interlocking structure of rubber ball 18 and slot 20 can provide additional positioning constraints after the clamping column 6 has retracted, preventing the clamping column 6 from slight displacement caused by vibration during processing. This not only enhances the vibration resistance of the overall structure, but also extends the service life of the core components of the fixture through the double buffering design, enabling the device to maintain stable performance in high-frequency clamping operations. At the same time, the polyurethane friction-enhancing layer on the inner side of crescent plate 13 enhances the friction with the second sliding groove 16, further improving the damping effect of the clamping system and ensuring the smooth and controllable operation of the entire clamping process.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces, comprising two clamping plates (1), characterized in that: Support arms (2) are fixedly connected to the outer side of the clamping plate (1). Cylinders (3) are fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the two support arms (2). Multiple clamping columns (6) are slidably connected to the inner wall of the clamping plate (1). A rubber cap (7) is fixedly connected to one end of each clamping column (6). A spring (8) is sleeved on the outside of each clamping column (6). Multiple connecting blocks (10) are fixedly connected to the outside of each clamping column (6). Sliding columns (11) are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the two connecting blocks (10). The inner wall of the sliding column (11) is fixedly connected to two magnetic pieces (15), and the two connecting blocks (10) are slidably connected to a crescent plate (13). The outer side of the crescent plate (13) is provided with a sliding groove (14) for the sliding column (11) to slide. The inner wall of the crescent plate (13) is fixedly connected to multiple magnetic pieces (12) that attract the magnetic pieces (15). The inside of the clamp (1) is provided with multiple sliding grooves (16) for the crescent plate (13) to slide.

2. The adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to the output shaft on both the left and right sides, and the inner side of the support arm (2) is fixedly connected to one end of the output shaft.

3. The adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: Guide rods (4) are fixedly connected to the four corners on both sides of the cylinder (3). The inner wall of the support arm (2) is slidably connected to the outside of the guide rods (4). A limit block (5) is fixedly connected to one end of the guide rods (4).

4. The adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping column (6) is fixedly connected to a limiting ring (9), and the limiting ring (9) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the clamping plate (1).

5. The adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the spring (8) is fixedly connected to one side of the limiting ring (9), and the other end of the spring (8) is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the clamp (1).

6. The adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rubber plate (17) is fixedly connected to the outside of the clamping column (6), and a plurality of rubber balls (18) are fixedly connected to the outside of the rubber plate (17). A rubber plate (19) is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the clamping plate (1), and a plurality of slots (20) matching and fitting the rubber balls (18) are opened on the surface of the rubber plate (19).

7. The adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple connecting blocks (10) are arranged symmetrically in pairs, and each crescent plate (13) is matched with two connecting blocks (10) respectively.

8. The adaptive composite fixture for irregularly shaped workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner surface of the crescent plate (13) is coated with a friction-enhancing layer, which is a polyurethane layer.

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