A continuous feeding type ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-preserving and composting maturity promoting reactor

Abstract

The utility model discloses a continuous sampling style reduces ammonia - nitrogen - promotes composting reactor, belongs to organic solid waste resourceful treatment and environmental engineering technical field. The device adopts "four district segmented treatment + internal stench circulation + water vapor / ammonia gas management + adaptability aeration control " mode, realizes continuous feeding, zoned synergic fermentation and nitrogen efficient interception. Reactor integrated electrode auxiliary microbial action, circulating pump driven gas backflow, selective membrane combined activated carbon's ammonia gas and stench reduction unit, and aeration control system based on oxygen concentration feedback. Accomplish a fermentation cycle while around 20 days, effectively reduce ammonia emission and nitrogen loss, promote composting, improve composting product quality, have the engineering value of amplification application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of organic solid waste resource utilization and environmental engineering technology, specifically relating to a continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, composting of kitchen waste and livestock manure is an important way to achieve resource utilization of waste. However, most traditional composting devices are single-module reactors, meaning the composting reaction only occurs after a single sample feed. This cannot meet the timely resource utilization needs of continuously generated waste, and increasing the number of reactors would increase costs. In recent years, some reactors have adopted continuous sample feeding operations, but mixing in one reactor means that if fresh samples are transported in before the first composting is complete and there is still uncomposted material, the fertilizer quality cannot be guaranteed if the samples are not fully reacted before being discharged. Extending the composting time to improve fertilizer quality and waiting for the material to fully decompose consumes a lot of time and manpower. Therefore, how to effectively shorten the composting cycle and improve composting efficiency while ensuring fertilizer quality is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] Furthermore, ammonia emissions are a particularly prominent issue during composting. Large-scale ammonia emissions not only lead to nitrogen loss and reduced fertilizer efficiency but also cause serious environmental pollution. The mismatch between oxygen supply and composting stages is also a common problem. Microorganisms have different oxygen requirements at different stages of composting, but traditional composting equipment has relatively crude aeration control, failing to supply oxygen appropriately according to the composting stage. This not only affects fermentation efficiency but may also lead to incomplete composting and affect the degree of decomposition.

[0004] In summary, traditional composting equipment suffers from numerous problems in material handling modes and cycles, ammonia emissions, and oxygen supply. These issues severely restrict the development and application of composting technology. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a novel composting reactor capable of continuous feeding, zoned synergistic reaction, and simultaneously possessing ammonia interception, odor reduction, and adaptive aeration control functions. This would overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, improve composting efficiency and fertilizer quality, and achieve efficient resource utilization of waste. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects in the existing technology, and to address the shortcomings of existing composting devices such as intermittent feeding, nitrogen loss, odor emission and crude aeration control, and to provide a continuous feeding ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-composting reactor. This invention can continuously feed samples, process in zones, and achieve ammonia reduction, nitrogen retention and accelerated composting.

[0006] The specific technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows: This utility model provides a continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor, comprising: The vertical columnar reaction chamber is divided into three non-interconnected chambers: a heating chamber, a high-temperature chamber, a cooling chamber, and a composting chamber, by a detachable partition plate from top to bottom. The feeding and discharging mechanism includes a feeding port in the heating chamber and a discharging port in the composting chamber. The material is sequentially pushed into fermentation between the chambers by removing the partition plates. The aeration system includes air intake pipes connected to each compartment to achieve compartment-specific adaptive aeration; The ammonia and odor management unit includes an ammonia barrier membrane, an activated carbon mesh, and a gas condensation and collection device arranged sequentially from bottom to top at the top of the reaction chamber, which are used for ammonia barrier, odor reduction, and water vapor recovery, respectively. The circulating gas path is such that the ammonia gas outlets of each compartment are collected through the ammonia gas outlet pipe, and then flow back to each compartment through the dryer and circulating pump via the circulating gas inlet pipe to achieve circulation. The monitoring and control system integrates temperature, humidity, oxygen and ammonia sensors, and is combined with a control module to regulate the aeration, circulation and safety depressurization of each compartment. Safety pressure relief mechanism: Each compartment is equipped with a pressure relief valve, and the top of the gas condensation collection device is equipped with an exhaust pipe for automatic exhaust under abnormal pressure.

[0007] Preferably, the partition plate includes an upper perforated plate and a lower receiving plate with a gap between them, and the gap between the two plates is used to temporarily store the leachate. In addition, the air inlet pipe and the circulating air inlet pipe of each compartment are respectively guided to the area below the upper perforated plate through the air guide pipe inside the compartment, so that the gas can fully contact the material inside the compartment.

[0008] Preferably, along the gas flow direction, an air pump, an on / off valve, a sensor, a flow meter, and a heater are sequentially arranged on the air intake pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the ammonia barrier membrane and activated carbon mesh completely cover the top cross-section of the reaction chamber; the gas condensation and collection device includes a glass cover, a diversion plate, and an exhaust pipe; the glass cover is inverted on top of the reaction chamber, completely covering the ammonia barrier membrane and activated carbon mesh, and a downwardly inclined diversion plate is provided inside the glass cover. The diversion plate is used to collect the liquid droplets that are condensed from the top of the glass cover during the composting reaction into a water collection tank formed between the glass cover and the diversion plate.

[0010] Preferably, the outer wall of the reaction chamber is provided with a 5 cm heat insulation interlayer made of carbon steel, the interlayer is filled with rock wool or polyurethane, and the inner wall is coated with an anti-corrosion layer.

[0011] Preferably, the heating chamber is also equipped with two electrode plates connected to a DC power supply, with an operating current of 0.5-1 A / m. 2The power-on time is 2-4 hours per cycle, which is used to promote microbial metabolism and rapid temperature rise.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the height ratio of the heating chamber, high-temperature chamber, cooling chamber, and composting chamber is 4:4:3:3, and each chamber is equipped with a door handle for opening and several sensor interfaces for easy monitoring of the stack status.

[0013] Preferably, the dryer uses water-absorbing resin or bentonite as filling material to adsorb water vapor.

[0014] Preferably, the ammonia barrier membrane is a three-layer composite ePTFE membrane, an activated carbon nonwoven fabric composite membrane, or a nanomolecular membrane.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages: 1) Continuous sampling and zoned control break through the traditional intermittent composting mode and the problem of mixing fresh material and fertilizer during continuous sampling, ensuring streamlined and high-efficiency operation; 2) Multidimensional nitrogen management, combining ammonia selective permeation membrane, circulating gas path and activated carbon adsorption, significantly reduces ammonia emissions and improves nitrogen retention; 3) Coordinated treatment of odor and water vapor, condensation structure and recycling reduce odor escape and secondary pollution; 4) Staged aeration control, based on sensor feedback for dynamic oxygen supply, improves fermentation efficiency and composting quality; 5) The device has a modular structure and has the potential for proportional scaling up from pilot-scale testing to engineering applications, making it suitable for various organic solid waste scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a front view of the structure of a continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor.

[0017] Figure 2 Left view of the structure of a continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a rear view of the structure of a continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a top view of the structure of a continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the partition plate.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of a continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor, showing the internal gas exchange process.

[0022] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1 Glass cover; 2 Drainage plate; 3 Reaction chamber; 4 Door handle; 5 Exhaust pipe; 6 Water collection tank; 7 Activated carbon mesh; 8 Ammonia barrier membrane; 9 Pressure relief valve; 10 Ammonia outlet; 11 Sensor interface; 12 Ammonia outlet pipe; 14 Air inlet pipe; 15 Circulating gas inlet pipe; 16 Dryer; 17 Circulating pump; 18 Air pump; 19 On / off valve; 20 Sensor; 21 Flow meter; 22 Heater; 23 Divider plate; 24 Electrode plate; 25 DC power supply; 26 In-chamber air guide pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a full understanding of this utility model. However, this utility model can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the spirit of this utility model. Therefore, this utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. Technical features in various embodiments of this utility model can be combined appropriately without conflict.

[0024] This invention provides a continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor, which is suitable for rapid aerobic fermentation of organic solid waste and mainly includes the following modules: The vertical columnar reaction chamber 3 is divided into four independent reaction chambers by removable partitions 23. From top to bottom, these are the heating chamber, high-temperature chamber, cooling chamber, and composting chamber. Figure 1 As shown.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 6 As shown, the separator 23 has a double-layer structure, including an upper perforated plate and a lower receiving plate with a certain interval. The gap between the two plates is used to temporarily store the leachate. The upper perforated plate, located on the upper layer, is about 2-3 cm thick and can be covered with wire mesh to support the material. Figure 5 As shown, the opening diameter of the upper perforated plate can be around 1cm, and the mesh size of the covered wire mesh can be 2-5mm.

[0026] In actual use, the partition plate 23 can be pulled out through the groove or an automatic flipping device to move the material to another compartment. That is to say, when the materials in each reaction compartment are turned over, in addition to manually removing the partition plate 23 to allow the materials to sink due to gravity, an automatic control module can be added to design the partition plate 23 as an automatic flipping device, which can be opened and closed manually or remotely controlled by a program to move the materials down.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the outer wall of the reaction chamber 3 is provided with a 5 cm heat insulation interlayer made of carbon steel, the interlayer is filled with rock wool or polyurethane, and the inner wall is coated with an anti-corrosion layer.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 6 As shown, the heating chamber is also equipped with two electrode plates 24 connected to the DC power supply 25. The anode of the electrode plate is a titanium-plated ruthenium-iridium electrode, and the cathode is a stainless steel conductive electrode plate. The operating current is 0.5-1 A / m. 2 The power-on time is 2-4 hours per cycle, which is used to promote microbial metabolism and rapid temperature rise.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, based on the material content reduction pattern during composting, the height ratio of the heating chamber, high-temperature chamber, cooling chamber, and composting chamber is 4:4:3:3. Each chamber is equipped with a door handle 4 that can be opened independently. Figure 2 As shown. Opening the heating chamber door allows for continuous sample introduction, while opening the composting chamber door allows for sample discharge. Turning the compost can be done by opening each chamber door. After 15-20 days of zoned fermentation, mature compost product is formed.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, different sensor interfaces 11 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom on the rear side of each compartment to facilitate monitoring of the stack status, such as... Figure 3 As shown. For example, sensor points can be installed at 4 / 5 height in each compartment to monitor the oxygen content in the air above the material, and sensor interfaces can be installed at 1 / 5 and 2 / 5 height to measure the temperature and humidity content in the material.

[0031] The feeding and discharging mechanism has a feeding port in the heating chamber and a discharging port in the composting chamber. The material is fermented sequentially between the chambers by removing the partition plate 23.

[0032] The aeration system includes air inlet pipes 14 connected to each compartment, enabling compartment-specific adaptive aeration, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, to ensure sufficient gas supply in each compartment and avoid difficulties in contact between oxygen and the materials below, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the air inlet pipe 14 and the circulating air inlet pipe 15 of each compartment are respectively guided to the area below the upper perforated plate through the in-compartment air guide pipe 26. Air can overflow from the round hole above the partition to supply oxygen to the material, so that the gas can fully contact the material in the compartment. Along the gas flow direction, the air inlet pipe 14 is sequentially equipped with an air pump 18, an on / off valve 19, a sensor 20, a flow meter 21, and a heater 22.

[0034] In practical use, the aeration rate of the heating / high-temperature chamber is 0.36 L·kg⁻¹, depending on the oxygen demand at different fermentation stages.-1 DM·min -1 The ventilation rate of the cooling / fermentation chamber is 0.24 L·kg⁻¹. -1 DM·min -1 Intermittent ventilation (on for 30 minutes / off for 30 minutes).

[0035] The ammonia and odor management unit includes, from bottom to top, an ammonia barrier membrane 8, an activated carbon mesh 7, and a gas condensation and collection device, which are respectively used for ammonia barrier, odor reduction, and water vapor recovery at the top of the reaction chamber 3. Figure 1 As shown.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the top of the heating chamber is provided with a composite cover plate. The bottom layer of the composite cover plate is an ammonia selective permeation membrane (i.e., an ammonia barrier membrane 8), and the upper layer is an activated carbon adsorption layer (i.e., an activated carbon mesh 7). Both the ammonia barrier membrane 8 and the activated carbon mesh 7 completely cover the top cross-section of the reaction chamber 3. The composite cover plate can be connected to the main body of the reaction chamber 3 by screws and silicone gaskets to ensure the airtightness of the device.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the gas condensation and collection device includes a glass cover 1, a diversion plate 2, and an exhaust pipe 5. The glass cover 1 is inverted and placed on top of the reaction chamber 3, completely covering the ammonia barrier membrane 8 and the activated carbon mesh 7. The glass cover can be made of high-temperature resistant polycarbonate (PC) light-transmitting window, which can be heated by solar energy on sunny days and covered with heat-insulating cotton at night. Inside the glass cover 1, there is a downwardly inclined diversion plate 2, which is used to collect the liquid droplets that condense from water vapor at the top of the glass cover 1 during the composting reaction into the water collection tank 6 formed between the glass cover 1 and the diversion plate 2. In actual use, the upper part of the diversion plate 2 can be funnel-shaped, that is, open in the middle and inclined downward around the edges, so as to facilitate the collection of liquid into the water collection tank 6 formed by the surrounding grooves.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the ammonia barrier membrane 8 can be a three-layer composite ePTFE membrane, an activated carbon nonwoven fabric composite membrane, or a nanomolecular membrane.

[0039] In the circulating gas path, the ammonia gas from the outlets 10 of each compartment is collected via the ammonia outlet pipe 12, then passes through the dryer 16 and the circulating pump 17, and finally flows back to each compartment through the circulating gas inlet pipe 15 to achieve circulation, thus realizing the dehumidification and reuse of the waste gas. Figure 3 As shown.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the air outlets of each zone are collected through a main pipe, dehumidified by a moisture-absorbing packing tube, and then returned to the reactor by a circulating air pump. The air inlet pipe is supplied by an independent aeration pump, which is activated when the oxygen concentration is below a preset value (e.g., 5%). The dryer 16 uses water-absorbing resin or bentonite as the filling material to absorb moisture, and is replaced as needed.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the diameter of the gas inlet and outlet of the reactor is not less than 3cm to ensure that the gas transmission process is not blocked, and each interface can be equipped with a T-connector of corresponding size to ensure airtightness.

[0042] The monitoring and control system integrates temperature, humidity, oxygen, and ammonia sensors, along with a control module, to regulate the aeration, circulation, and safety depressurization of each compartment.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, corresponding sensors for temperature, humidity, oxygen content and flow rate can be connected to the reactor body, circulation pipe and aeration pipe respectively to realize real-time data storage and online monitoring. At the same time, manually openable and closed valves are provided in the circulation pipe and air inlet pipe for control.

[0044] The safety pressure relief mechanism includes a pressure relief valve 9 in each compartment and an exhaust pipe 5 at the top of the gas condensation and collection device for automatic exhaust under abnormal pressure.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the pressure relief valve on the exhaust pipe at the top of the heating zone can be opened when the pressure is greater than 0.05 MPa, and the pressure relief valves on the exhaust pipes of each chamber can be opened when the pressure is greater than 0.1 MPa. When the pressure increases, the gas is preferentially discharged from the exhaust port 5 at the top of the reactor, and an activated carbon filter box (filled with 100 kg, replaced every six months) is installed outside the exhaust port to remove residual odor.

[0046] In practical use, the device of this utility model, such as Figure 4 As shown, the air supply methods include recirculated air supply (i.e., recirculated air inlet pipe 15) and air supply (air inlet pipe 14). When the oxygen concentration monitored at the recirculated air inlet is below 5%, the air pump is activated. When using the air pump, the ventilation parameters are: ventilation rate between the heating chamber and the high-temperature chamber is 0.36 L·kg⁻¹. -1 DM·min -1 The ventilation rate during the cooling and decomposition periods is 0.24 L·kg⁻¹. -1 DM·min -1 Intermittent operation (30 min on / 30 min off).

[0047] In actual use, the material stays in each compartment for 5 days. The heating compartment includes feeding on the first and fifth days, and the material moves to the next layer on the sixth day. The reaction time can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0048] Based on the aforementioned continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor, this invention also provides a composting method, which is as follows: The material to be processed is pretreated and then enters the heating chamber through the feed inlet. Two electrode plates 24 installed inside the heating chamber are activated to intermittently enhance the current. During the reaction, water vapor and ammonia are generated. Most of the ammonia is trapped by the ammonia barrier membrane 8 and activated carbon mesh 7, while a small amount of ammonia is discharged through the exhaust pipe 5 for subsequent processing. Because a glass cover 1 is installed on the top of the heating chamber, it can receive sunlight on sunny days to promote the heating of the material pile; when there is no sunlight, it is covered with insulating cotton.

[0049] During the reaction, each chamber generates a large amount of gas. The circulating pump 17 is intermittently activated to extract the gas from the chamber through the ammonia outlet pipe 12. The gas enters the dryer 16 to remove moisture, and then is introduced into each chamber through the circulating gas inlet pipe 15. Some of the gas is introduced to the lower part through the inlet gas guide pipe 26 to achieve vertical ventilation. The status of the reactor is monitored and recorded in real time by oxygen sensors and temperature and humidity sensors installed on the sensor interface 11. If the oxygen content is lower than the preset value, the air pump 18 is activated to introduce outside air into the chamber through the air inlet pipe 14.

[0050] After several days of continuous sampling, the partition plate 23 between each chamber is opened to transfer the material from the previous chamber to the next chamber. The material to be processed passes through the heating chamber, high temperature chamber, cooling chamber and composting chamber in sequence for fermentation treatment, and is then discharged from the outlet of the composting chamber.

[0051] The following examples will illustrate the device structure and usage method of this utility model.

[0052] Example 1 This embodiment provides a continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor. The structure of the device is as follows: Figures 1-6 As shown, it specifically includes: The reactor body, from top to bottom, consists of a glass cover 1 and a reaction chamber 3, which are fixed together with gaskets and screws to enhance their airtightness. The glass cover 1 contains a drainage plate 2, an exhaust pipe 5, and a water collection tank 6. During the composting reaction, water vapor condenses into liquid at the top of the glass cover and drips down, collecting in the water collection tank 6 via the drainage plate 2. This design effectively diverts moisture, preventing excessive moisture in the compost pile from affecting the composting process. The exhaust pipe 5 is the final channel for the treated gases to exit the reactor. The reaction chamber 3 includes a heating chamber, a high-temperature chamber, a cooling chamber, and a composting chamber. Each chamber has a door handle 4 for independent opening and closing. A support is installed at the top of the heating chamber, with an activated carbon mesh 7 on the upper layer and an ammonia barrier membrane 8 on the lower layer. The advantage of this design is that the ammonia barrier membrane 8 traps as much ammonia as possible within the chamber, allowing only water molecules and carbon dioxide to pass through. The activated carbon mesh 7 acts as a second barrier, adsorbing ammonia and further reducing the potential risk of ammonia escape.

[0053] Gas circulation system: Ammonia outlet pipe 12, air inlet pipe 14, and circulating gas inlet pipe 15 are arranged at the rear end of reaction chamber 3. Ammonia outlet 10 is located at the upper left corner of the rear side of each chamber. The ammonia gas and other mixed gases produced in each chamber are discharged through the ammonia outlet pipe 12 and finally introduced into the dryer 16. Its function is to remove moisture from the mixed gas and accelerate the composting process. The dried gas, after treatment, is pumped by the circulation pump 17 and then enters each composting chamber through the circulating gas inlet pipe 15. Its advantages include ammonia circulation, preventing overflow from the reactor and environmental pollution; the circulating gas contains oxygen for biological action; and for the heating chamber, the circulating gas contains high-temperature gases, which promote the activity of microorganisms in the fresh samples. When the sensor interface 11 in each chamber detects insufficient oxygen content in the compost pile, the air pump 18 can be activated to supplement additional oxygen. The ventilation rate of the heating / high-temperature chamber is 0.36 L·kg⁻¹. -1 DM·min -1 The ventilation rate of the cooling / fermentation chamber is 0.24 L·kg⁻¹. -1 DM·min -1 Intermittent ventilation is provided, starting for 30 minutes and stopping for 30 minutes. If the intake air temperature is low in winter and interferes with biological processes, the heater 22 can be turned on to increase the intake air temperature. At the same time, both the circulation pump 17 and the air pump 18 are equipped with on / off valves 19 to manage the gas intake and output. Sensors 20 monitor changes in intake air temperature, humidity, oxygen, and other indicators. Flow meters 21 observe the intake air volume and are installed at the branch pipes of the intake ports of each compartment to adjust the intake air flow.

[0054] Other components: Each reaction zone is separated by detachable and movable partition plates 23. The partition plates have upper and lower layers and a hollow internal structure. They are fixed by being pushed to the end via grooves on both sides of the reactor body. In addition to their separating function, the partition plates have holes at the top to facilitate oxygen supply to the material below. The hollow partition plates also store leachate for unified collection and treatment. Electrode plates 24 are designed in the heating zone. The anode uses a titanium-plated ruthenium-iridium electrode, and the cathode uses a stainless steel conductive electrode plate. The operating current is 0.5-1 A / m. 2 Intermittent power supply for 2-4 hours per cycle, connected to DC power supply 25, has the advantage of promoting interspecies electron transfer among microorganisms in the heating zone through intermittent, low-current stimulation, thus accelerating the start-up of the composting system. Furthermore, considering that each reaction chamber receives air from the top interface, oxygen may have difficulty contacting the bottom material, an internal air guide pipe 26 is installed at the air inlet of each reaction chamber to guide the gas under the partition plate 23, supplying oxygen through round holes to contact the bottom material.

[0055] Example 2 This embodiment is based on the device structure of Embodiment 1. After pretreatment (such as dehydration and addition of auxiliary materials), organic solid waste (such as kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure, etc.) can be directly introduced into the reaction chamber through the heating chamber to start composting. The specific process is as follows: Fresh samples are introduced into the reactor through the heating chamber. The electrode plate (24) is activated to start intermittent current enhancement. Water vapor and ammonia are generated during the reaction. Most of the ammonia is trapped by the ammonia barrier membrane (8) and activated carbon mesh (7), and a small amount is discharged through the exhaust pipe (5) and finally treated by the activated carbon filter box. Since the heating chamber is equipped with a glass cover, it can be exposed to sunlight on sunny days to promote the heating of the pile. When there is no sunlight, it is covered with heat insulation cotton. Samples are continuously injected every day until the fifth day, which means that the reaction chamber contains 1-5 days of mixed samples. At this time, the high temperature chamber, cooling chamber and composting chamber have also reacted for 5 days. On the sixth day, the fertilizer in the composting chamber is collected, the partitions of each chamber are opened, and the material in the previous chamber is transferred to the next chamber (Note: the partitions can be equipped with an automated device to realize the opening and closing of the partitions).

[0056] During the reaction, each chamber generates a large amount of gas. The circulating pump (17) is intermittently turned on to extract the gas, which enters the dryer (16) through the ammonia outlet pipe (12) to remove moisture. The dried gas is then introduced into each chamber through the circulating gas inlet pipe (15), and introduced into the lower part of each chamber through the gas guide branch pipe (26) to achieve vertical ventilation. The status of the stack is monitored and recorded by oxygen sensors and temperature and humidity sensors installed at the sensor (11) interface. If the oxygen content is lower than 5%, the air pump (18) can be started to introduce outside air. The ventilation rate for the heating / high temperature chamber is 0.36 L·kg. -1 DM·min -1 The ventilation rate of the cooling / fermentation chamber is 0.24 L·kg⁻¹. -1 DM·min -1 Intermittent ventilation (30 min on / 30 min off). If the oxygen content of a certain compartment is suitable as monitored by the corresponding sensor interface (11), the flow meter at the branch pipe connected to the air inlet pipe (14) can be adjusted to 0 to prevent air from entering. In order to meet the research needs, in addition to the pile body information obtained from the sensor interface (11) of each compartment, researchers can also use the sensor (20) and flow meter (21) set in the air inlet pipe to measure the air inlet pipe parameters. In the cold season, in order to prevent the low air inlet temperature from interfering with the composting system, the heater (22) can be started to raise the gas temperature.

[0057] Other matters: The turning process can be carried out manually by opening the doors of each chamber. When conditions permit, electric rakes can be installed in each reaction zone to achieve automatic turning. To ensure safety, pressure relief valves are installed at the gas outlet at the top of the reactor and at the branch pipes of the gas outlets of each reaction chamber. In case of abnormal conditions such as high reactor pressure, the gas can be discharged. Experimental operators need to check at any time to ensure safety.

[0058] The device employs a "four-zone segmented treatment + internal odor circulation + water / ammonia management + adaptive aeration control" model to achieve continuous feeding, zoned synergistic fermentation, and efficient nitrogen retention. The reactor integrates electrode-assisted microbial action, a circulating pump-driven gas recirculation, a selective membrane-based activated carbon unit for ammonia and odor reduction, and an aeration control system based on oxygen concentration feedback. While completing a fermentation cycle in approximately 20 days, it effectively reduces ammonia emissions and nitrogen loss, promotes maturation, and improves the quality of compost products, demonstrating significant engineering value for scalable applications.

[0059] The embodiments described above are merely preferred solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model. Therefore, all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor, characterized in that, include: The vertical columnar reaction chamber (3) is divided into a heating chamber, a high-temperature chamber, a cooling chamber and a composting chamber from top to bottom by a detachable partition plate (23). The feeding and discharging mechanism is provided with a feeding port in the heating chamber and a discharging port in the composting chamber. The material is fermented sequentially between the chambers by removing the partition plate (23). The aeration system includes an air inlet pipe (14) connected to each compartment to achieve compartmentalized adaptive aeration; The ammonia and odor management unit includes an ammonia barrier membrane (8), an activated carbon mesh (7), and a gas condensation and collection device arranged sequentially from bottom to top on the top of the reaction chamber (3), which are used for ammonia barrier, odor reduction and water vapor recovery, respectively. In the circulating gas path, the ammonia outlets (10) of each compartment are collected through the ammonia outlet pipe (12), and then flow back to each compartment through the dryer (16) and the circulating pump (17) via the circulating gas inlet pipe (15) to achieve circulation; The monitoring and control system integrates temperature, humidity, oxygen and ammonia sensors, and is combined with a control module to regulate the aeration, circulation and safety depressurization of each compartment. Safety pressure relief mechanism: each compartment is equipped with a pressure relief valve (9), and the top of the gas condensation collection device is equipped with an exhaust pipe (5) for automatic exhaust under abnormal pressure.

2. The continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The partition plate (23) includes an upper perforated plate and a lower receiving plate with a gap between them. The gap between the two plates is used to temporarily store the leachate of the material. In addition, the air inlet pipe (14) and the circulating air inlet pipe (15) of each compartment are partially guided to the area below the upper perforated plate through the air guide pipe (26) in the compartment so that the gas can fully contact the material in the compartment.

3. The continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the gas flow direction, an air pump (18), an on / off valve (19), a sensor (20), a flow meter (21), and a heater (22) are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipe (14).

4. The continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonia barrier membrane (8) and the activated carbon mesh (7) completely cover the top cross section of the reaction chamber (3); the gas condensation and collection device includes a glass cover (1), a diversion plate (2) and an exhaust pipe (5); the glass cover (1) is inverted on the top of the reaction chamber (3) to completely cover the ammonia barrier membrane (8) and the activated carbon mesh (7); the glass cover (1) is provided with a downward inclined diversion plate (2) inside; the diversion plate (2) is used to collect the liquid that is condensed into droplets by the top of the glass cover (1) during the composting reaction into the water collection tank (6) formed between the glass cover (1) and the diversion plate (2).

5. The continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the reaction chamber (3) is provided with a 5 cm heat insulation interlayer made of carbon steel, the interlayer is filled with rock wool or polyurethane, and the inner wall is coated with an anti-corrosion layer.

6. The continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating chamber is also equipped with two electrode plates (24) connected to a DC power supply (25), with a working current of 0.5-1 A / m. 2 The power-on time is 2-4 hours per cycle, which is used to promote microbial metabolism and rapid temperature rise.

7. The continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height ratio of the heating chamber, high temperature chamber, cooling chamber and composting chamber is 4:4:3:

3. Each chamber is equipped with a door handle (4) for opening and several sensor interfaces (11) for monitoring the status of the stack.

8. The continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dryer (16) uses water-absorbing resin or bentonite as filling material to adsorb water vapor.

9. The continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonia barrier membrane (8) is made of a three-layer composite ePTFE membrane, an activated carbon nonwoven fabric composite membrane, or a nanomolecular membrane.

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