A straw roasting device

Abstract

This application relates to a straw roasting device. First, a high-temperature heat-conducting medium is introduced into the heating pipe and the pushing assembly to raise the inner wall of the shell and the outer surface of the pushing assembly to a specified temperature. Then, the pushing assembly is controlled to rotate. Next, material is fed into the receiving cavity through the inlet. At this time, the inner wall of the shell and the outer surface of the pushing assembly contact the material, thus roasting it. Simultaneously, as the pushing assembly continuously pushes the material, it also has a stirring and agitating effect during movement, ensuring sufficient contact between the material and the inner wall of the shell and the pushing assembly, thereby improving the uniformity of roasting. During the material movement, the rotation speed of the pushing assembly is adjusted to regulate the duration of the material's residence in the receiving cavity, further adjusting the roasting time until the material is pushed to the outlet by the pushing assembly and discharged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of straw roasting technology, and in particular to a straw roasting device. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass roasting and upgrading technology is a technique that modifies biomass feedstocks through low-temperature pyrolysis (typically within the range of 200-300℃). This technology utilizes high temperatures to optimize the physical and chemical properties of biomass, significantly improving its quality as an energy feedstock. Roasting removes small amounts of light volatiles and moisture from the biomass, significantly increasing its calorific value (by 10% to 30% compared to the original feedstock). The moisture content of roasted biomass is significantly reduced (usually below 5%), preventing rotting and reducing moisture absorption, making it suitable for long-term storage. After roasting and upgrading, different types of biomass exhibit more uniform characteristics, facilitating standardized utilization. Its combustion characteristics are comparable to medium-rank coal, and it can directly replace fossil fuels in many situations.

[0003] Currently, most existing biomass roasting and upgrading technologies employ direct contact between high-temperature gas and biomass to heat the biomass. Furthermore, these technologies are primarily designed for highly fluid woody or shaped biomass, and are not suitable for roasting straw-type biomass, which has poor flowability. Utility Model Content

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a straw roasting device to address the problem that traditional biomass roasting and quality improvement technologies are not suitable for roasting straw-type biomass with poor flowability.

[0005] This application provides a straw roasting device, comprising: The shell has a hollow receiving cavity inside, the top of the shell is connected to the inlet, and the bottom of the shell is connected to the outlet. A heating element is disposed on the housing, and a heat-conducting medium is introduced into the heating element to heat the inner wall of the housing; A feeding assembly is disposed in the receiving cavity and is rotatable. The inside of the feeding assembly is hollow. A heat-conducting medium is introduced into the inside of the feeding assembly. During the rotation of the feeding assembly, the feeding assembly pushes the material from the inlet to the outlet, thereby completing the baking of the material.

[0006] Furthermore, the feeding assembly includes: The first auger component is rotatably disposed in the receiving cavity; The second auger is rotatably disposed in the receiving cavity. The first auger and the second auger are configured to be parallel to each other. The helical direction and rotation direction of the blades of the first auger are opposite to those of the blades of the second auger. The first auger and the second auger rotate in cooperation to push the material to move in the receiving cavity.

[0007] Furthermore, the first auger component includes: The first baking component is cylindrical and is rotatably disposed within the receiving cavity; The first pusher plate is configured as a spiral blade, and the first pusher plate is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the first baking part; A first interface is provided at one end of the first baking component. The first interface is connected to the first baking component through a rotary joint. The first interface is used to guide the heat transfer medium into the first baking component. The second interface is located at the other end of the first baking component. The second interface is connected to the first baking component via a rotary joint. The second interface is used to guide the heat transfer medium to be discharged from the first baking component.

[0008] Furthermore, the first baking component includes: The first roller is cylindrical and hollow inside. The first interface is connected to one end of the first roller via a rotary joint, and the second interface is connected to the other end of the first roller via a rotary joint. The first inner column is cylindrical and is disposed inside the first roller; The first guide plate is configured as a spiral blade and is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the first inner column; the first inner column and the first roller are connected through the first guide plate to form a spiral channel.

[0009] Furthermore, the second auger component includes: The second baking component is cylindrical and is rotatably disposed within the receiving cavity; The second pusher plate is configured as a spiral blade, and the second pusher plate is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second baking part; A third interface is provided at one end of the second baking component. The third interface is connected to the second baking component through a rotary joint. The third interface is used to guide the heat transfer medium into the second baking component. A fourth interface is located at the other end of the second baking component. The fourth interface is connected to the second baking component via a rotary joint and is used to guide the heat transfer medium out of the second baking component.

[0010] Furthermore, the second baking component includes: The second roller is cylindrical and hollow inside. The third interface is connected to one end of the second roller via a rotary joint, and the fourth interface is connected to the other end of the second roller via a rotary joint. The second inner column is cylindrical and is disposed inside the second roller; The second guide plate is configured as a spiral blade and is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second inner column; the second inner column and the second roller are connected through the second guide plate to form a spiral channel.

[0011] Furthermore, the housing includes: The support shell has a receiving groove, and the bottom wall of the receiving groove is set as a curved surface that cooperates with the first auger and the second auger. A cover plate is disposed on the top of the support shell, and the cover plate closes the receiving groove on the support shell to form a receiving cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, the heating element includes: The first pipe is fixedly installed on the support shell, and the first pipe is located at the bottom of the first auger component; The second pipe is fixedly installed on the support shell, and the second pipe is located at the bottom of the second auger component; The third pipe is fixedly installed on the cover plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the straw roasting device also includes: The pulley is fixedly sleeved on the first auger component.

[0014] Furthermore, the straw roasting device also includes: Multiple air outlets are provided, and each of the multiple air outlets is fixedly connected to the top of the housing and communicates with the receiving cavity.

[0015] This application relates to a straw roasting device. First, a high-temperature heat-conducting medium is introduced into the heating pipe and the pushing assembly to raise the inner wall of the shell and the outer surface of the pushing assembly to a specified temperature. Then, the pushing assembly is controlled to rotate. Next, material is fed into the receiving cavity through the inlet. At this time, the inner wall of the shell and the outer surface of the pushing assembly contact the material, thus roasting it. Simultaneously, as the pushing assembly continuously pushes the material, it also has a stirring and agitating effect during movement, ensuring sufficient contact between the material and the inner wall of the shell and the pushing assembly, thereby improving the uniformity of roasting. During the material movement, the rotation speed of the pushing assembly is adjusted to regulate the duration of the material's residence in the receiving cavity, further adjusting the roasting time until the material is pushed to the outlet by the pushing assembly and discharged. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a straw roasting device provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the first transmission gear and the second transmission gear in a straw roasting device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the first pusher plate and the second pusher plate in a straw roasting device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the first roller and the first inner column in a straw roasting device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the second roller and the second inner column in a straw roasting device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the first pipe and the second pipe in a straw roasting device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the cover plate and the feed inlet in a straw roasting device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure label: 11. Shell; 111. Receiving cavity; 112. Supporting shell; 112a. Receiving groove; 113. Cover plate; 12. Feed inlet; 13. Discharge outlet; 14. Heating element; 141. First pipe; 142. Second pipe; 143. Third pipe; 15. Pusher assembly; 151. First auger component; 151a. First baking component; 151b, First pusher plate; 151c, First interface; 151d, Second interface; 152, Second auger component; 152a, Second baking component; 152b, Second pusher plate; 152c, Third interface; 152d, fourth interface; 153, first transmission gear; 154, second transmission gear; 16, first roller; 17. First inner column; 18. First guide plate; 19. Second roller; 20. Second inner column; 21. Second guide vane; 22. Pulley; 23. Air outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the straw roasting device includes: a shell 11, a heating tube 14, and a feeding assembly 15.

[0026] The housing 11 has a hollow receiving cavity 111 inside, the top of the housing 11 is connected to the inlet 12, and the bottom of the housing 11 is connected to the outlet 13.

[0027] The heating tube 14 is disposed on the housing, and a heat-conducting medium is introduced into the heating tube 14 to heat the inner wall of the housing 11.

[0028] The feeding assembly 15 is disposed in the receiving cavity 111 and is rotatable. The interior of the feeding assembly 15 is hollow. A heat-conducting medium is introduced into the interior of the feeding assembly 15. During the rotation of the feeding assembly 15, it pushes the material from the inlet 12 to the outlet 13, thereby completing the baking of the material.

[0029] Specifically, the straw roasting device also includes multiple air outlets 23. All air outlets 23 are fixedly connected to the top of the housing 11. All air outlets 23 are connected to the receiving cavity 111. During the roasting process when no material is being roasted, moisture is generated and is discharged through the air outlets 23 and collected by external equipment.

[0030] In this embodiment, a high-temperature heat-conducting medium is first introduced into the heating tube 14 and the feeding assembly 15 to bring the inner wall of the shell 11 and the outer surface of the feeding assembly 15 to a specified temperature. Then, the feeding assembly 15 is rotated. The material is then fed into the receiving cavity 111 through the inlet 12. At this time, the inner wall of the shell 11 and the outer surface of the feeding assembly 15 are in contact with the material, thus baking the material. Simultaneously, as the feeding assembly 15 continuously pushes the material, it also agitates and stirs the material during its movement, ensuring sufficient contact between the material and the inner wall of the shell 11 and the feeding assembly 15, thereby improving the uniformity of the baking. During the material's movement, the rotation speed of the feeding assembly 15 is adjusted to regulate the duration the material remains in the receiving cavity 111, further adjusting the baking time until the material is pushed by the feeding assembly 15 to the outlet 13 for discharge.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the pushing assembly 15 includes: a first auger 151, a second auger 152, a first transmission gear 153, and a second transmission gear 154.

[0032] The first auger 151 is rotatably disposed in the receiving cavity 111.

[0033] The second auger 152 is rotatably disposed within the receiving cavity 111. The first auger 151 and the second auger 152 are configured to be parallel to each other. The helical direction and rotation direction of the blades of the first auger 151 are opposite to those of the blades of the second auger 152. The first auger 151 and the second auger 152 are rotatably engaged to push the material to move within the receiving cavity 111.

[0034] The straw roasting device also includes a first transmission gear 153 and a second transmission gear 154.

[0035] The first transmission gear 153 is fixedly sleeved on the first auger 151.

[0036] The second transmission gear 154 is fixedly sleeved on the second auger 152. The first transmission gear 153 and the second transmission gear 154 are engaged in gear transmission.

[0037] Specifically, the first transmission gear 153 and the second transmission gear 154 of the same specification mesh to drive the first auger 151 and the second auger 152 to rotate at the same speed. The first transmission gear 153 and the second transmission gear 154 are both located on the outer side of the housing 11.

[0038] In this embodiment, an external drive device, such as a motor, is connected via either the first transmission gear 153 or the second transmission gear 154. This causes the first auger 151 and the second auger 152 to rotate synchronously, with the rotation direction of the first auger 151 opposite to that of the second auger 152. The cooperative rotation of the first auger 151 and the second auger 152 pushes the material from the feed inlet 12 to the discharge outlet 13.

[0039] like Figures 3 to 4 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the first auger 151 includes: a first baking component 151a, a first pusher plate 151b, a first interface 151c, and a second interface 151d.

[0040] The first baking component 151a is cylindrical. The first baking component 151a is rotatably disposed in the receiving cavity 111.

[0041] The first pusher plate 151b is configured as a spiral blade. The first pusher plate 151b is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the first baking piece 151a.

[0042] The first interface 151c is disposed at one end of the first baking component 151a. The first interface 151c is connected to the first baking component 151a via a rotary joint. The first interface 151c is used to guide the heat transfer medium into the first baking component 151a.

[0043] The second interface 151d is located at the other end of the first baking component 151a. The second interface 151d is connected to the first baking component 151a via a rotary joint. The second interface 151d is used to guide the heat transfer medium out of the first baking component 151a.

[0044] The first baking component 151a includes: a first roller 16, a first inner column 17, and a first guide plate 18.

[0045] The first roller 16 is cylindrical. The interior of the first roller 16 is hollow. The first interface 151c is connected to one end of the first roller 16 via a rotary joint. The second interface 151d is connected to the other end of the first roller 16 via a rotary joint.

[0046] The first inner column 17 is cylindrical. The first inner column 17 is disposed inside the first roller 16.

[0047] The first guide plate 18 is configured as a spiral blade. The first guide plate 18 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the first inner column 17. The first inner column 17 and the first roller 16 are connected through the first guide plate 18, forming a spiral channel.

[0048] Specifically, both the first interface 151c and the second interface 151d are located on the outer side of the housing 11. The first pusher plate 151b is spirally wound around the outer surface of the first roller 16. The spiral channel formed between the first inner column 17 and the first roller 16 by the first guide plate 18 extends spirally along the axial direction of the first inner column 17.

[0049] The first pusher plate 151b is also provided with multiple protrusions, which are evenly distributed on the spiral surface of the first pusher plate 151b. When the first pusher plate 151b rotates and pushes the material, it will cause stronger disturbance to the material through the protrusions, further improving the uniformity of the material baking.

[0050] Multiple protruding plates are fixed on the outer circular surface of the first roller 16. When the first roller 16 rotates, it will further disturb the material to improve the uniformity of the material baking.

[0051] In this embodiment, a heat-conducting medium is introduced into the first port 151c at one end of the first roller 16, thereby allowing the heat-conducting medium to enter the spiral channel inside the first roller 16. As the heat-conducting medium flows, it then flows out through the second port 151d at the other end of the first roller 16. Through heat exchange between the heat-conducting medium and the first roller 16, the first roller 16 maintains a stable temperature.

[0052] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the second auger 152 includes: a second baking component 152a, a second pusher plate 152b, a third interface 152c, and a fourth interface 152d.

[0053] The second baking component 152a is cylindrical. The second baking component 152a is rotatably disposed in the receiving cavity 111.

[0054] The second pusher plate 152b is configured as a spiral blade. The second pusher plate 152b is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second baking piece 152a.

[0055] The third interface 152c is located at one end of the second baking component 152a. The third interface 152c is connected to the second baking component 152a via a rotary joint. The third interface 152c is used to guide the heat transfer medium into the second baking component 152a.

[0056] The fourth interface 152d is located at the other end of the second baking component 152a. The fourth interface 152d is connected to the second baking component 152a via a rotary joint. The fourth interface 152d is used to guide the heat transfer medium out of the second baking component 152a.

[0057] The second baking component 152a includes: a second roller 19, a second inner column 20, and a second guide plate 21.

[0058] The second roller 19 is cylindrical. The interior of the second roller 19 is hollow. The third interface 152c is connected to one end of the second roller 19 via a rotary joint. The fourth interface 152d is connected to the other end of the second roller 19 via a rotary joint.

[0059] The second inner column 20 is cylindrical. The second inner column 20 is disposed inside the second roller 19.

[0060] The second guide plate 21 is configured as a spiral blade. The second guide plate 21 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second inner column 20. The second inner column 20 and the second roller 19 are connected by the second guide plate 21, forming a spiral channel.

[0061] Specifically, the third interface 152c and the fourth interface 152d are both located on the outer side of the housing 11. The second pusher plate 152b is spirally wound around the outer surface of the second roller 19. The spiral channel formed between the second inner column 20 and the second roller 19 by the second guide plate 21 extends spirally along the axial direction of the second inner column 20.

[0062] The second pusher plate 152b is also provided with multiple protrusions, which are evenly distributed on the spiral surface of the second pusher plate 152b. When the second pusher plate 152b rotates and pushes the material, it will cause stronger disturbance to the material through the protrusions, further improving the uniformity of the material baking.

[0063] Multiple protruding plates are fixed on the outer circular surface of the second roller 19. When the second roller 19 rotates, it will further disturb the material to improve the uniformity of the material baking.

[0064] In this embodiment, a heat-conducting medium is introduced into the third port 152c at one end of the second roller 19, thereby allowing the heat-conducting medium to enter the spiral channel inside the second roller 19. As the heat-conducting medium flows, it then flows out through the fourth port 152d at the other end of the second roller 19. Through heat exchange between the heat-conducting medium and the second roller 19, the second roller 19 maintains a stable temperature.

[0065] Furthermore, the spiral direction of the first pusher plate 151b is opposite to that of the second pusher plate 152b, and the first pusher plate 151b and the second pusher plate 152b are staggered.

[0066] like Figures 6 to 7 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the housing 11 includes a support shell 112 and a cover plate 113.

[0067] The support shell 112 has a receiving groove 112a. The bottom wall of the receiving groove 112a is set as a curved surface that cooperates with the first auger 151 and the second auger 152.

[0068] The cover plate 113 is disposed on the top of the support shell 112. The cover plate 113 closes the receiving groove 112a on the support shell 112 to form a receiving cavity 111.

[0069] In this embodiment, the opening of the receiving groove 112a faces upward, and a protrusion is provided in the middle of the bottom wall of the receiving groove 112a to fill the gap between the first baking component 151a and the second baking component 152a, so as to prevent the material from remaining on the bottom wall of the receiving groove 112a and being unable to be pushed by the first baking component 151a and the second baking component 152a, resulting in the material being over-baked.

[0070] like Figures 6 to 7 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the heating tube 14 includes: a first pipe 141, a second pipe 142 and a third pipe 143.

[0071] The first pipe 141 is fixedly mounted on the support shell 112, and the first pipe 141 is located at the bottom of the first auger 151.

[0072] The second pipe 142 is fixedly mounted on the support shell 112, and the second pipe 142 is located at the bottom of the second auger 152.

[0073] The third pipe 143 is fixedly installed on the cover plate 113.

[0074] In this embodiment, the first pipe 141 is evenly wound around the support shell 112, and the first pipe 141 is wound into a shape that matches the bottom wall of the receiving groove 112a, so that the arc-shaped portion at the bottom of the support shell 112 can be heated evenly. Similarly, the second pipe 142 is evenly wound around the support shell 112, and the second pipe 142 is wound into a shape that matches the bottom wall of the receiving groove 112a, so that the arc-shaped portion at the bottom of the support shell 112 can be heated evenly.

[0075] The third pipe 143 consists of multiple evenly arranged horizontal pipes and vertical pipes connected to both ends of the horizontal pipes. One end of the vertical pipe serves as the inlet of the heat transfer medium, and the other end serves as the outlet of the heat transfer medium. The heat transfer medium flows from one end of the vertical pipe through multiple horizontal pipes and then flows out from the other end of the vertical pipe to heat the cover plate 113.

[0076] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the straw roasting device further includes a pulley 22.

[0077] The pulley 22 is disposed near the first transmission tooth 153. The pulley 22 is fixedly sleeved on the first auger member 151.

[0078] In this embodiment, an external drive device can be connected to the pulley 22 via a belt or other device, thereby driving the pulley 22 to rotate, which in turn causes the first transmission tooth 153 to mesh with the second transmission tooth 154.

[0079] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily, and the execution order of the method steps is not restricted. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0080] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A straw roasting device, characterized in that, The straw roasting device includes: The shell has a hollow receiving cavity inside, the top of the shell is connected to the inlet, and the bottom of the shell is connected to the outlet. A heating element is disposed on the housing, and a heat-conducting medium is introduced into the heating element to heat the inner wall of the housing; A feeding assembly is disposed in the receiving cavity and is rotatable. The inside of the feeding assembly is hollow. A heat-conducting medium is introduced into the inside of the feeding assembly. During the rotation of the feeding assembly, the feeding assembly pushes the material from the inlet to the outlet, thereby completing the baking of the material.

2. The straw roasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding assembly includes: The first auger component is rotatably disposed in the receiving cavity; The second auger is rotatably disposed in the receiving cavity. The first auger and the second auger are configured to be parallel to each other. The helical direction and rotation direction of the blades of the first auger are opposite to those of the blades of the second auger. The first auger and the second auger rotate in cooperation to push the material to move in the receiving cavity.

3. The straw roasting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first auger component includes: The first baking component is cylindrical and is rotatably disposed within the receiving cavity; The first pusher plate is configured as a spiral blade, and the first pusher plate is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the first baking part; A first interface is provided at one end of the first baking component. The first interface is connected to the first baking component through a rotary joint. The first interface is used to guide the heat transfer medium into the first baking component. The second interface is located at the other end of the first baking component. The second interface is connected to the first baking component via a rotary joint. The second interface is used to guide the heat transfer medium to be discharged from the first baking component.

4. The straw roasting device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first baking component includes: The first roller is cylindrical and hollow inside. The first interface is connected to one end of the first roller via a rotary joint, and the second interface is connected to the other end of the first roller via a rotary joint. The first inner column is cylindrical and is disposed inside the first roller; The first guide plate is configured as a spiral blade and is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the first inner column; the first inner column and the first roller are connected through the first guide plate to form a spiral channel.

5. The straw roasting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second auger component includes: The second baking component is cylindrical and is rotatably disposed within the receiving cavity; The second pusher plate is configured as a spiral blade, and the second pusher plate is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second baking part; A third interface is provided at one end of the second baking component. The third interface is connected to the second baking component through a rotary joint. The third interface is used to guide the heat transfer medium into the second baking component. A fourth interface is located at the other end of the second baking component. The fourth interface is connected to the second baking component via a rotary joint and is used to guide the heat transfer medium out of the second baking component.

6. The straw roasting device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second baking component includes: The second roller is cylindrical and hollow inside. The third interface is connected to one end of the second roller via a rotary joint, and the fourth interface is connected to the other end of the second roller via a rotary joint. The second inner column is cylindrical and is disposed inside the second roller; The second guide plate is configured as a spiral blade and is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second inner column; the second inner column and the second roller are connected through the second guide plate to form a spiral channel.

7. The straw roasting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The housing includes: The support shell has a receiving groove, and the bottom wall of the receiving groove is set as a curved surface that cooperates with the first auger and the second auger. A cover plate is disposed on the top of the support shell, and the cover plate closes the receiving groove on the support shell to form a receiving cavity.

8. The straw roasting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The heating element includes: The first pipe is fixedly installed on the support shell, and the first pipe is located at the bottom of the first auger component; The second pipe is fixedly installed on the support shell, and the second pipe is located at the bottom of the second auger component; The third pipe is fixedly installed on the cover plate.

9. The straw roasting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The straw roasting device also includes: The pulley is fixedly sleeved on the first auger component.

10. The straw roasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The straw roasting device also includes: Multiple air outlets are provided, and each of the multiple air outlets is fixedly connected to the top of the housing and communicates with the receiving cavity.

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