A steel turnout sleeper insulation reinforced iron pad and bolt sleeve

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of railway track technology, specifically providing an insulating reinforced iron pad and bolt sleeve for a turnout sleeper. The invention includes: a turnout sleeper with ear plates on both sides; an iron pad on top of the sleeper, on which rail assemblies and rail fasteners are mounted; an elastic insulating layer between the lower surface of the iron pad and the upper surface of the sleeper; an insulating covering layer covering the perimeter of the iron pad to block conductive contact between the sides of the iron pad and the ear plates; and two sets of bolt sleeves on both sides of the iron pad to fix it to the ear plates. By providing the elastic insulating layer, the insulating covering layer, and the bolt sleeves, a multi-layered insulating protection system is formed, which can completely block the conductive path between the iron pad and the turnout sleeper, effectively solving the problem of insulation failure caused by metal-to-metal contact in the turnout sleeper.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of railway track technology, specifically providing an insulating reinforced iron pad for steel turnout sleepers and a bolt sleeve. Background Technology

[0002] Railway turnouts are key equipment for trains to switch tracks, and their structural stability and electrical insulation performance directly affect train operation safety and dispatching efficiency.

[0003] Currently, railway turnout sleepers are mainly divided into two categories: concrete sleepers and steel turnout sleepers. Concrete sleepers have excellent insulation properties, and insulation requirements can be met with a simple under-rail pad. However, they have problems such as heavy weight, difficult transportation and installation, easy brittleness at low temperatures, and low recycling rate. In comparison, steel turnout sleepers have significant advantages. However, the existing insulation scheme for steel turnout sleepers mainly relies on iron pads combined with thin insulating pads: an elastic insulating pad with a thickness of ≤10mm is laid between the iron pad and the turnout sleeper to block the conductive path between the iron pad and the turnout sleeper. However, the insulating pad is thin and lacks redundant protection, making it prone to cracking after long-term pressure. Rainwater, oil, and other impurities seep into the gaps and form conductive paths, causing a sharp drop in insulation resistance and leading to misjudgments in the track circuit. The iron pad and the turnout sleeper are directly connected by bolts. Bolts, washers, and other metal parts need to pass through the insulating pad. When tightening the bolts, excessive pressure will squeeze the insulating pad, causing local damage to the pad or deformation of the iron pad, thus compromising the insulation performance. If the tightening force is reduced, the iron pad will loosen, affecting the stability of the turnout structure.

[0004] Accordingly, there is a need in the field for a new type of steel turnout sleeper insulation reinforced iron pad and bolt sleeve to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, namely, to solve the problem of easy failure of existing insulation structures.

[0006] In a first aspect, this utility model provides an insulating reinforced iron pad for a steel turnout sleeper, characterized in that it comprises: A steel turnout sleeper, wherein the steel turnout sleeper is provided with steel turnout sleeper ear plates on both sides; A steel pad is provided on the top of the steel turnout sleeper, and a rail assembly and rail fastener are provided on the steel pad. An elastic insulating layer is disposed between the lower surface of the iron pad and the upper surface of the steel fork sleeper; An insulating covering layer is provided, which covers the periphery of the iron pad plate and is used to block the conductive contact between the side of the iron pad plate and the steel fork sleeper lug plate. Bolt sleeves, wherein two sets of bolt sleeves are provided, and the two sets of bolt sleeves are arranged on both sides of the iron pad plate, for fixing the iron pad plate to the steel fork sleeper plate.

[0007] Based on the above setup, by setting up an elastic insulation layer and an insulation covering layer, a multi-layer insulation protection system is formed, which can completely block the conductive path between the iron pad and the steel turnout sleeper, effectively solving the problem of insulation failure caused by metal contact of the steel turnout sleeper.

[0008] In the preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned steel turnout sleeper insulation reinforced iron pad, the insulation coating layer adopts an epoxy resin structure.

[0009] Based on the above settings, the insulating coating layer is made of epoxy resin. Epoxy resin has excellent insulation properties, chemical corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, which can effectively block the conductive contact between the side of the iron pad and the steel turnout sleeper plate; at the same time, its good adhesion can ensure a stable bond between the coating layer and the iron pad, adapting to the harsh working environment of railway turnouts.

[0010] In the preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned steel turnout sleeper insulation reinforced iron pad, the iron pad is made of carbon structural steel and the thickness of the iron pad is 15mm to 25mm.

[0011] Based on the above design, the iron pad is made of carbon structural steel, which has high strength and toughness and can meet the load-bearing requirements of railway turnouts for the iron pad.

[0012] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned steel turnout sleeper insulation reinforced iron pad, the elastic insulation layer is provided with a reinforcing layer inside, and the reinforcing layer is distributed at intervals along the thickness direction of the elastic insulation layer.

[0013] Based on the above configuration, the elastic insulation layer is provided with reinforcing layers spaced apart along the thickness direction. The fiberglass mesh can significantly improve the tensile strength, tear resistance and structural stability of the elastic insulation layer, prevent the elastic insulation layer from deforming or breaking under long-term pressure and vibration conditions, extend its service life, and at the same time, do not affect the insulation performance and buffering effect of the elastic insulation layer.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned steel turnout sleeper insulation reinforced iron pad, an insulating pad is provided between the rail assembly and the iron pad.

[0015] Based on the above setup, an insulating pad is installed between the rail assembly and the iron pad, which increases the insulation barrier between the rail and the iron pad, further blocking the conductive path of the rail to the turnout sleeper through the iron pad. Together with the elastic insulation layer and the insulation covering layer, it forms a multi-level insulation protection, which greatly improves the reliability of the overall insulation structure and reduces the risk of track circuit failure.

[0016] In the preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned steel turnout sleeper insulation reinforced iron pad, the tightening torque of the bolt is 150Nm~200Nm.

[0017] Based on the above settings, the tightening torque of the bolts is set to 150Nm~200Nm. This torque range can ensure a stable connection between the iron pad, the elastic insulation layer and the steel fork sleeper, and prevent loosening caused by vibration during use.

[0018] Secondly, this utility model provides a bolt sleeve, which has two sets, arranged on both sides of the iron pad plate for fixing the iron pad plate to the lug plate of the steel fork sleeper. The bolt sleeve includes an insulating steel sleeve assembly, a bolt, a spring washer, a flat washer, and a nut. The lug plate of the steel fork sleeper has a lug hole, and both ends of the iron pad plate have through holes. The through holes and the lug holes are arranged along the same axis. The insulating steel sleeve assembly is disposed in the through holes and the lug holes. The flat washer is disposed on top of the insulating steel sleeve assembly. The spring washer is disposed on top of the flat washer. The bolt passes through the spring washer, the flat washer, and the insulating steel sleeve assembly in sequence to fix the positions of the iron pad plate, the steel fork sleeper, and the elastic insulating layer. The nut is disposed at the bottom of the steel fork sleeper and engages with the bottom of the bolt.

[0019] Based on the above setup, a stable connection between the iron pad and the steel turnout sleeper is achieved through bolt sleeves, improving insulation performance and structural reliability, and ensuring the normal operation of the railway turnout track circuit. Specifically, the insulating steel sleeve within the bolt sleeves keeps the bolts, spring washers, and other metal components insulated from the iron pad and the turnout sleeper lugs, preventing direct metal contact and the formation of a conductive path. The coaxial design of the through hole and lugs ensures the accuracy of bolt tightening, enhances the stability of the connection between the iron pad and the turnout sleeper, simplifies the installation process, and improves assembly efficiency.

[0020] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned bolt sleeve, the insulating steel sleeve assembly includes an upper steel sleeve, a lower steel sleeve, an upper insulating sleeve, and a lower insulating sleeve. The upper steel sleeve is wrapped around the upper end of the bolt, and the lower steel sleeve is wrapped around the lower end of the bolt. The upper insulating sleeve covers the outside of the upper steel sleeve, and the lower insulating sleeve covers the outside of the lower steel sleeve. The upper edge of the upper insulating sleeve is provided with a cap, which covers the contact area between the flat washer and the iron pad to block the conductive contact between the flat washer and the iron pad.

[0021] Based on the above configuration, the insulating steel sleeve assembly adopts a combination structure of an upper steel sleeve, a lower steel sleeve, and a corresponding insulating sleeve. The steel sleeve ensures the structural strength of the crimping mechanism, while the insulating sleeve achieves layered insulation. The cap of the upper insulating sleeve covers the contact area between the flat washer and the iron pad, further blocking the potential conductive path between the flat washer and the iron pad, significantly improving the insulation reliability of the bolt crimping part.

[0022] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned bolt sleeve, the upper insulating sleeve and the upper steel sleeve are vulcanized to form a composite sleeve structure, and the lower insulating sleeve and the lower steel sleeve are vulcanized to form a composite sleeve structure.

[0023] Based on the above configuration, the upper insulating sleeve and the upper steel sleeve, and the lower insulating sleeve and the lower steel sleeve are vulcanized to form a composite sleeve structure, which tightly binds the insulating sleeve and the steel sleeve into a whole. This avoids relative displacement or detachment of the insulating sleeve and the steel sleeve during use, enhances the structural stability and durability of the insulating steel sleeve assembly, and extends the service life of the insulation structure.

[0024] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned bolt sleeve, both the upper insulating sleeve and the lower insulating sleeve are configured as eccentric sleeves, and the eccentricity value of the eccentric sleeve is 3mm.

[0025] Based on the above settings, the upper and lower insulating sleeves are set as eccentric sleeves with an eccentricity of 3mm. By changing the installation direction of the eccentric sleeves, the position of the rail can be finely adjusted. The gauge can be conveniently adjusted without disassembling the overall structure, which can meet the gauge calibration requirements of railway turnouts during installation and maintenance, and improve the flexibility and efficiency of turnout maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The preferred embodiments of this utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model is shown; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the bolt sleeve structure of this utility model is shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the reinforcing layer structure of this utility model is shown.

[0027] Figure label: 1. Rail assembly; 2. Rail fastener; 3. Turnout sleeper plate; 4. Elastic insulation layer; 5. Iron pad; 6. Insulation covering layer; 7. Bolt; 8. Insulation pad; 9. Upper steel sleeve; 10. Upper insulation sleeve; 11. Lower insulation sleeve; 12. Lower steel sleeve; 13. Flat washer; 14. Spring washer; 15. Nut; 16. Reinforcing layer. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make adjustments as needed to adapt to specific application scenarios.

[0029] It should be noted that in the description of this utility model, the terms "middle," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," which indicate directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These are merely for ease of description and do not indicate or imply that the structure must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] This utility model provides an insulating and reinforced iron pad for a steel turnout sleeper and a bolt sleeve, comprising: Steel turnout sleeper, with steel turnout sleeper ear plates 3 on both sides; Iron pad 5 is set on the top of the steel turnout sleeper. Rail assembly 1 and rail fastener 2 are set on the iron pad 5. Elastic insulation layer 4 is disposed between the lower surface of the iron pad 5 and the upper surface of the steel fork sleeper. Insulating layer 6 covers the periphery of the iron pad 5 and is used to block the conductive contact between the side of the iron pad 5 and the steel fork pillow lug plate 3. Bolt sleeves are provided in two sets, which are set on both sides of the iron pad 5 to fix the iron pad 5 to the steel fork pillow ear plate 3.

[0032] By setting up an elastic insulation layer 4, an insulation covering layer 6, and bolt sleeves, a multi-layer insulation protection system is formed, which can completely block the conductive path between the iron pad 5 and the steel turnout sleeper, effectively solving the insulation failure problem caused by metal contact of the steel turnout sleeper; at the same time, the bolt sleeves realize a stable connection between the iron pad 5 and the steel turnout sleeper, improving the insulation performance and structural reliability, and ensuring the normal operation of the railway turnout track circuit.

[0033] Furthermore, the bolt sleeve includes an insulating steel sleeve assembly, a bolt 7, a spring washer 14, a flat washer 13, and a nut 15. Ear holes are formed on the steel turnout sleeper lug plate 3, and through holes are formed at both ends of the iron pad plate 5. The through holes and ear holes are arranged along the same axis. The insulating steel sleeve assembly is disposed within the through holes and ear holes. The flat washer 13 is disposed on top of the insulating steel sleeve assembly. The spring washer 14 is disposed on top of the flat washer 13. The bolt 7 passes sequentially through the spring washer 14, the flat washer 13, and the insulating steel sleeve assembly to fix the positions of the iron pad plate 5, the steel turnout sleeper, and the elastic insulating layer 4. The nut 15 is disposed at the bottom of the steel turnout sleeper, and the nut 15 engages with the bottom of the bolt 7. The insulating steel sleeve in the bolt sleeve keeps the metal parts such as bolt 7 and spring washer 14 insulated from the iron pad 5 and steel turnout sleeper ear plate 3, avoiding direct metal contact and the formation of a conductive path; the coaxial design of the through hole and ear hole ensures the accuracy of bolt crimping, enhances the stability of the connection between the iron pad 5 and the steel turnout sleeper, simplifies the installation process, and improves assembly efficiency.

[0034] Furthermore, the insulating steel sleeve assembly includes an upper steel sleeve 9, a lower steel sleeve 12, an upper insulating sleeve 10, and a lower insulating sleeve 11. The upper steel sleeve 9 is wrapped around the upper end of the bolt 7, and the lower steel sleeve 12 is wrapped around the lower end of the bolt 7. The upper insulating sleeve 10 covers the outside of the upper steel sleeve 9, and the lower insulating sleeve 11 covers the outside of the lower steel sleeve 12. The upper edge of the upper insulating sleeve 10 is provided with a cap, which covers the contact area between the flat washer 13 and the iron pad 5 to block the conductive contact between the flat washer 13 and the iron pad 5. The insulating steel sleeve assembly adopts a combination structure of upper steel sleeve 9, lower steel sleeve 12, and corresponding insulating sleeves. The steel sleeves ensure the structural strength of the crimping mechanism, and the insulating sleeves achieve layered insulation. The cap of the upper insulating sleeve 10 covers the contact area between the flat washer 13 and the iron pad 5, further blocking the potential conductive path between the flat washer 13 and the iron pad 5, significantly improving the insulation reliability of the bolt crimping part.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the upper insulating sleeve 10 and the upper steel sleeve 9 are vulcanized to form a composite sleeve structure, and the lower insulating sleeve 11 and the lower steel sleeve 12 are vulcanized to form a composite sleeve structure. The upper insulating sleeve 10 and the upper steel sleeve 9, and the lower insulating sleeve 11 and the lower steel sleeve 12 are vulcanized to form a composite sleeve structure, so that the insulating sleeve and the steel sleeve are tightly bonded to a whole, avoiding relative displacement or detachment of the insulating sleeve and the steel sleeve during use, enhancing the structural stability and durability of the insulating steel sleeve assembly, and extending the service life of the insulating structure.

[0036] Furthermore, both the upper insulating sleeve 10 and the lower insulating sleeve 11 are set as eccentric sleeves with an eccentricity of 3mm. By changing the installation direction of the eccentric sleeves, the rail position can be finely adjusted. The gauge can be conveniently adjusted without disassembling the overall structure, which can meet the gauge calibration requirements of railway turnouts during installation and maintenance, and improve the flexibility and efficiency of turnout maintenance.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the insulating covering layer 6 adopts an epoxy resin structure. Epoxy resin has excellent insulation properties, chemical corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength, which can effectively block the conductive contact between the side of the iron pad 5 and the steel turnout lug plate 3. At the same time, its good adhesion can ensure a stable bond between the covering layer and the iron pad 5, adapting to the harsh working environment of railway turnouts. The iron pad 5 is made of carbon structural steel with a thickness of 15mm to 25mm. Carbon structural steel has high strength and toughness, which can meet the load-bearing requirements of railway turnouts for the iron pad 5.

[0038] Furthermore, the elastic insulation layer 4 is provided with a glass fiber mesh reinforcement layer 16 inside. The reinforcement layer 16 is distributed at intervals along the thickness direction of the elastic insulation layer 4. The glass fiber mesh reinforcement layer 16 distributed at intervals along the thickness direction inside the elastic insulation layer 4 can significantly improve the tensile strength, tear resistance and structural stability of the elastic insulation layer 4, prevent the elastic insulation layer 4 from deforming or breaking under long-term pressure and vibration conditions, extend its service life, and at the same time do not affect the insulation performance and buffering effect of the elastic insulation layer 4.

[0039] Furthermore, an insulating pad 8 is installed between the rail assembly 1 and the iron pad 5. The insulating pad 8 increases the insulation barrier between the rail and the iron pad 5, further blocking the conductive path of the rail to the turnout sleeper through the iron pad 5. Together with the elastic insulating layer 4 and the insulating covering layer 6, it forms a multi-level insulation protection, which greatly improves the reliability of the overall insulation structure and reduces the risk of track circuit failure. The tightening torque of the bolt 7 is 150Nm to 200Nm. This torque range can ensure a stable connection between the iron pad 5, the elastic insulating layer 4 and the turnout sleeper, and avoid loosening caused by vibration during use.

[0040] In this application, the steel turnout sleeper is made of low-alloy high-strength steel, which has both tensile strength and toughness, is suitable for the impact and vibration conditions of railway turnouts, and has a recyclability rate of ≥95%.

[0041] The steel turnout sleeper has a U-shaped groove structure, which can accommodate the turnout switching equipment and avoid interfering with the tamping operation of the large machine. The turnout sleeper is equipped with symmetrical turnout sleeper ear plates 3 on both sides. The ear plates are 18mm thick and 80mm wide. Each ear plate has a φ22mm ear hole, and the center of the ear hole is 30mm away from the top surface of the turnout sleeper.

[0042] After shot blasting to remove rust, the surface of the steel turnout sleeper is coated with a zinc-aluminum pseudo-alloy coating and a polyvinyl fluoride topcoat to improve its weather resistance and corrosion resistance, making it suitable for harsh environments such as rain and oil.

[0043] The iron pad 5 is made of carbon structural steel with a yield strength ≥345MPa, which can meet the vertical load transmitted by the rail. The overall dimensions of the iron pad 5 are 600mm long × 200mm wide × 20mm thick. The upper surface of the iron pad 5 is machined with stepped surfaces corresponding to the positions of the main rail and switch rail, which are used to position the rail assembly 1.

[0044] The surface of the iron pad 5 is first phosphated and then coated with an epoxy insulating coating to further block the conductive path. The upper surface of the iron pad 5 is fixed to the slide table and the fastener iron seat by gas shielded welding. The slide table has a U-shaped cavity structure for installing elastic clamps. The fastener iron seat has an L-shaped structure with 7 holes for T-bolts for fixing the rail fastener 2.

[0045] At both ends of the iron pad 5, corresponding to the ear holes of the steel fork pillow plate 3, φ25mm through holes are opened to ensure that the bolt sleeve can be accurately inserted.

[0046] The elastic insulation layer 4 is made of glass fiber reinforced neoprene rubber, which has an insulation resistance of ≥10¹²Ω・cm, a Shore hardness of 70 degrees, and a thickness of 8mm. Three layers of glass fiber mesh reinforcement 16 are embedded in the interior along the thickness direction, with a spacing of 3mm between adjacent reinforcement layers 16. This can increase the tear resistance of the elastic insulation layer 4 to ≥15kN / m, avoiding damage caused by long-term pressure and vibration.

[0047] The bolt sleeve includes an upper steel sleeve 9, a lower steel sleeve 12, an upper insulating sleeve 10 and a lower insulating sleeve 11, an M20×80 grade 8.8 high-strength bolt 7, a 65Mn steel spring washer 14, a steel flat washer 13, and an M20 nut 15.

[0048] Both the upper insulating sleeve 10 and the lower insulating sleeve 11 are eccentric sleeves made of modified nylon 66. The upper edge of the upper insulating sleeve 10 is integrally formed with a brim, and a 0.2mm gap is reserved between the lower surface of the brim and the upper surface of the iron pad 5. In this application, the pre-treated steel turnout sleeper is hoisted to the designed position of the turnout. The planar position and elevation of the steel turnout sleeper are calibrated using a total station. Then, it is fixed with temporary supports. Next, the positioning boss of the elastic insulation layer 4 is aligned with the positioning groove of the steel turnout sleeper ear plate 3, and it is slowly placed in and compacted to ensure that the elastic insulation layer 4 is completely in contact with the upper surface of the steel turnout sleeper ear plate 3 without air bubbles or gaps. Then, the through hole of the iron pad 5 is aligned with the ear hole of the steel turnout sleeper ear plate 3, and it is slowly placed on the elastic insulation layer 4, ensuring that the slide and fastener iron seat of the iron pad 5 are facing correctly. At this time, the lip of the insulating sheath 6 is in contact with the side of the steel turnout pillow ear plate 3; when installing the bolt sleeve, the bolt 7 inserts the insulating steel sleeve assembly into the through hole of the iron pad plate 5 and the ear hole of the steel turnout pillow ear plate 3, ensuring that the cap of the upper insulating sleeve 10 completely covers the edge of the through hole on the upper surface of the iron pad plate 5; place the flat washer 13 and the spring washer 14 on the top of the insulating steel sleeve assembly in sequence, then insert the bolt 7, and finally screw in the nut 15; use a torque wrench to tighten the bolt 7 to a torque of 180 Nm. During the tightening process, it is necessary to observe whether the iron pad plate 5 is offset. If it is offset, it needs to be adjusted in time.

[0049] The technical solution of this utility model has been described in conjunction with the optional embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the protection scope of this utility model is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of this utility model, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A steel turnout sleeper insulation reinforced iron pad, characterized in that, include: A steel turnout sleeper, wherein the steel turnout sleeper is provided with steel turnout sleeper ear plates on both sides; A steel pad is provided on the top of the steel turnout sleeper, and a rail assembly and rail fastener are provided on the steel pad. An elastic insulating layer is disposed between the lower surface of the iron pad and the upper surface of the steel fork sleeper; An insulating covering layer is provided, which covers the periphery of the iron pad plate and is used to block the conductive contact between the side of the iron pad plate and the steel fork pillow lug plate.

2. The steel fork sleeper insulation reinforced iron pad according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic insulating layer has a reinforcing layer inside, and the reinforcing layers are distributed at intervals along the thickness direction of the elastic insulating layer.

3. The steel turnout sleeper insulating reinforced iron pad according to claim 1, characterized in that, An insulating pad is provided between the rail assembly and the iron pad.

4. The steel fork sleeper insulation reinforced iron pad according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating coating layer adopts an epoxy resin structure.

5. The steel fork sleeper insulation reinforced iron pad according to claim 1, characterized in that, The iron pad is made of carbon structural steel and has a thickness of 15mm to 25mm.

6. A bolt sleeve, said bolt sleeve being used for the insulating and reinforcing iron pad of the steel fork sleeper as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, include: The bolt sleeve is provided in two sets, which are arranged on both sides of the iron pad plate to fix the iron pad plate to the lug plate of the steel turnout sleeper. The bolt sleeve includes an insulating steel sleeve assembly, a bolt, a spring washer, a flat washer, and a nut. The lug plate of the steel turnout sleeper has a lug hole, and the two ends of the iron pad plate have through holes. The through holes and the lug holes are arranged along the same axis. The insulating steel sleeve assembly is arranged in the through holes and the lug holes. The flat washer is arranged on top of the insulating steel sleeve assembly. The spring washer is arranged on top of the flat washer. The bolt passes through the spring washer, the flat washer, and the insulating steel sleeve assembly in sequence to fix the position of the iron pad plate, the steel turnout sleeper, and the elastic insulation layer. The nut is arranged at the bottom of the steel turnout sleeper and engages with the bottom of the bolt.

7. The bolt sleeve according to claim 6, characterized in that, The insulating steel sleeve assembly includes an upper steel sleeve, a lower steel sleeve, an upper insulating sleeve, and a lower insulating sleeve. The upper steel sleeve is wrapped around the upper end of the bolt, and the lower steel sleeve is wrapped around the lower end of the bolt. The upper insulating sleeve covers the outside of the upper steel sleeve, and the lower insulating sleeve covers the outside of the lower steel sleeve. The upper edge of the upper insulating sleeve is provided with a brim, which covers the contact area between the flat washer and the iron pad to block the conductive contact between the flat washer and the iron pad.

8. The bolt sleeve according to claim 7, characterized in that, The upper insulating sleeve and the upper steel sleeve are vulcanized to form a composite sleeve structure, and the lower insulating sleeve and the lower steel sleeve are vulcanized to form a composite sleeve structure.

9. The bolt sleeve according to claim 8, characterized in that, Both the upper insulating sleeve and the lower insulating sleeve are configured as eccentric sleeves, and the eccentricity of the eccentric sleeve is 3mm.

10. The bolt sleeve according to claim 6, characterized in that, The tightening torque of the bolt is 150 Nm to 200 Nm.

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