River fish scale dam structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to river course technical field more specifically, relate to a river fish scale dam structure. Including cushion layer, upstream tooth wall, reinforced concrete bottom plate, reinforced concrete water retaining weir, downstream tooth wall and fish scale groove, the cushion layer sets up in river course bottom, and the cushion layer is the base structure of bearing upper structure, the upstream tooth wall is located reinforced concrete bottom plate upstream side, the reinforced concrete bottom plate is laid on the above of cushion layer, the reinforced concrete water retaining weir sets up on reinforced concrete bottom plate, and the reinforced concrete water retaining weir is the dam body structure for blocking water flow, the downstream tooth wall is located reinforced concrete bottom plate downstream side, and the downstream tooth wall is the structure for reinforcing dam body anti -slip stability, the fish scale groove is set up in the concave groove structure of fish scale distribution of reinforced concrete water retaining weir water face, this structure sets up water retaining, drainage, energy dissipation, oxygenation, landscape in an organic whole, has realized the unity of water conservancy project safety, ecology and landscape nature, the utility model mainly applies to the river fish scale dam aspect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of river technology, and more specifically, to a fish-scale dam structure for river channels. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of water conservancy and hydropower engineering and river landscape construction, rivers, as an important carrier connecting cities and the natural ecosystem, not only undertake the basic functions of flood control, drainage, and water resource regulation, but also need to meet people's needs for water-friendly environments and recreational interactions. However, in existing river management, the weirs built to achieve water retention and storage purposes mostly adopt a single concrete straight slab structure. Their design focus is only on the realization of water conservancy functions, lacking consideration for landscape effects and human interaction needs.

[0003] Specifically, traditional weirs have the following shortcomings: First, their structural form is monotonous, mostly consisting of regular linear hard surfaces that are difficult to integrate with the meandering shape of the surrounding natural river channels and ecological vegetation, resulting in a harsh overall visual effect and failing to create an aesthetically pleasing landscape. Second, their function is limited, only enabling water level regulation and flow control, without providing areas for pedestrians to stop, play in the water, or interact with it, thus restricting the usability of the river channel space. Third, they lack ecological benefits, as the hard dam surface lacks vegetation cover and habitat space for organisms, and there is no energy dissipation and buffering design for the water flow. High-speed water flow can easily scour the downstream riverbed, disrupting the original ecological balance of the river channel and hindering the protection and restoration of the river ecosystem. Utility Model Content

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, this utility model provides a fish-scale dam structure for river channels. This structure integrates water retention, flow discharge, energy dissipation, oxygenation, and landscaping, achieving a unity of safety, ecology, and aesthetics in water conservancy projects.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A fish-scale dam structure for a river channel includes a foundation layer, an upstream toothed wall, a reinforced concrete base slab, a reinforced concrete weir, a downstream toothed wall, and fish-scale grooves. The foundation layer is located at the bottom of the river channel and serves as the base structure supporting the superstructure. The upstream toothed wall is located upstream of the reinforced concrete base slab. The reinforced concrete base slab is laid on top of the foundation layer. The reinforced concrete weir is located on the reinforced concrete base slab and serves as a dam structure to block water flow. The downstream toothed wall is located downstream of the reinforced concrete base slab and serves as a structure to enhance the anti-sliding stability of the dam. The fish-scale grooves are groove structures formed on the upstream side of the reinforced concrete weir and are distributed in a fish-scale pattern.

[0006] The cushion layer is a graded sand and gravel cushion layer, and the cushion layer has evenly distributed permeability enhancement pores inside. The permeability enhancement pores penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the cushion layer to improve the drainage performance of the cushion layer.

[0007] The upstream toothed wall is provided with an anti-seepage coating on the side facing the upstream of the river channel. The anti-seepage coating is a coating layer applied to the surface of the upstream toothed wall to reduce water seepage, and the upstream toothed wall and the reinforced concrete base slab are integrally cast structures.

[0008] The bottom of the fish-scale groove is an arc-shaped surface. The fish-scale groove is arranged in multiple rows, and the multiple rows of fish-scale grooves are arranged in a stepped manner from the top of the reinforced concrete weir downwards, with the height decreasing layer by layer.

[0009] It also includes a first pavement surface layer, which covers the upstream surface of the reinforced concrete base slab. An adhesive layer is provided between the first pavement surface layer and the reinforced concrete base slab, and the adhesive layer is used to connect the first pavement surface layer and the adhesive layer of the reinforced concrete base slab.

[0010] It also includes a second paving layer, which covers the top of the reinforced concrete weir, and the surface of the second paving layer is provided with anti-slip texture.

[0011] It also includes a third paving surface layer and a circular protruding edge. The third paving surface layer covers the downstream surface of the reinforced concrete base plate and is paved with crushed stone to buffer the impact of water flow. The circular protruding edge is a flange that is set around the circumference of the fish scale groove opening to enhance the structural strength of the groove opening.

[0012] The height of the downstream toothed wall is lower than the height of the reinforced concrete weir, and the connection between the downstream toothed wall and the reinforced concrete base slab is reinforced with ribs.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The stepped, arc-shaped fish-scale channels on the upstream side of the weir create a multi-layered, continuous cascading effect as water flows through, significantly increasing the contact area and aeration between the water and air. The crushed stone paving surface provides excellent buffering and energy dissipation, effectively absorbing the energy of the flowing water and reducing scouring of the downstream riverbed and dam toe. Simultaneously, the circular raised edges at the channel openings enhance the structural strength of the channel edges, improving their resistance to water flow impact and abrasion. This structure perfectly integrates hydraulic functions with landscape design. The cascading water landscape created by the fish-scale channels is rich in layers, naturally dynamic, and enhances the aesthetic appeal of the river channel. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the installation of fish-scale dams in the river channel; Figure 2 This is an aerial view of the fish-scale dam. Figure 3 This is a side sectional view of fish scales; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the fish-scale dam's scales; In the diagram: 11 is the subbase, 12 is the upstream toothed wall, 13 is the reinforced concrete base slab, 14 is the reinforced concrete weir, 15 is the downstream toothed wall, 16 is the first paving surface layer, 17 is the second paving surface layer, 18 is the third paving surface layer, 19 is the circular raised edge, and 20 is the fish scale groove. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0016] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0017] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a fish-scale dam structure for a river channel includes a foundation layer 11, an upstream toothed wall 12, a reinforced concrete base slab 13, a reinforced concrete weir 14, a downstream toothed wall 15, and fish-scale grooves 20. The foundation layer 11 is located at the bottom of the river channel, serving as the base layer supporting the superstructure. It is constructed from well-graded, highly compacted sand and gravel, effectively dispersing the load from the superstructure and improving the overall stability of the foundation. The upstream toothed wall 12 is located upstream of the reinforced concrete base slab 13, embedded to a certain depth in the riverbed, serving to intercept seepage and enhance anti-sliding capacity. The reinforced concrete base slab 13 is laid above the foundation layer 11, serving as the foundation load-bearing slab of the entire dam structure. It is internally equipped with a bidirectional reinforcing steel mesh to enhance overall bending and shear resistance. The reinforced concrete weir 14 is located on the reinforced concrete base slab 13 and is the main water-retaining structure of the dam. Its cross-section is trapezoidal, with the upstream face being the water-facing face and the downstream face having a gentle slope, combining water retention and energy dissipation functions. The downstream toothed wall 15 is located downstream of the reinforced concrete base slab 13, embedded in the riverbed, and together with the upstream toothed wall 12, forms an anti-sliding system to improve the anti-sliding stability of the dam body along the base. The fish-scale groove 20 is opened on the upstream side of the reinforced concrete weir 14, and has a multi-row fish-scale-shaped groove structure. It can form a stepped drop during flow, enhance water aeration, improve downstream dissolved oxygen conditions, and has both landscape and ecological restoration functions.

[0018] Preferably, the cushion layer 11 is a graded sand and gravel cushion layer with a thickness of 300-500 mm, a particle size of 5-40 mm, continuous gradation, and a compaction coefficient of not less than 0.97. Permeability-enhancing holes with a diameter of 80-120 mm are provided at intervals of 1.5-2.0 meters along the longitudinal and transverse directions inside the cushion layer 11. These holes are filled with crushed stone or coarse sand, forming drainage channels that penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the cushion layer. This effectively removes seepage water from the foundation, prevents uplift pressure from rising, and improves the dam's anti-buoyancy stability.

[0019] Preferably, the upstream toothed wall 12 is coated with an anti-seepage coating on the side facing the upstream of the river channel. This coating can be a polymer cement-based waterproof coating with a thickness of not less than 2 mm. The concrete surface is roughened before application to improve adhesion. The upstream toothed wall 12 and the reinforced concrete base slab 13 are integrally cast in one piece to ensure a firm connection between the two and prevent leakage at the joint.

[0020] Preferably, the bottom of the fish-scale trough 20 is an arc-shaped curved surface with a radius of curvature 1.5 to 2 times the trough depth, which can guide the water flow smoothly and reduce the scouring of the trough bottom. The fish-scale trough 20 is arranged in three to five rows along the dam height, with each row spaced 600 to 1000 mm apart. It is arranged in a stepped staggered manner from the top of the reinforced concrete weir 14 downwards, with the height decreasing layer by layer, forming a multi-layered water feature, while enhancing the aeration and reoxygenation effect of the water flow.

[0021] Preferably, the system further includes a first paving surface layer 16, which covers the upstream surface of the reinforced concrete base slab 13 and is paved with granite or high-performance concrete blocks, with a thickness of 60–100 mm. An adhesive layer, consisting of cement mortar or polymer-modified mortar, with a thickness of 20–30 mm, is provided between the first paving surface layer 16 and the reinforced concrete base slab 13 to ensure a strong bond between the surface layer and the base slab and prevent erosion and peeling by water flow.

[0022] Preferably, a second paving layer 17 is also provided, which covers the top of the reinforced concrete weir 14 and serves as a pedestrian or maintenance passage. The second paving layer 17 is made of anti-slip tiles or roughened granite, with striped or dotted anti-slip patterns on the surface to improve walking safety in wet environments.

[0023] Preferably, the surface also includes a third paving layer 18 and a circular raised edge 19. The third paving layer 18 is laid on the downstream surface of the reinforced concrete base slab 13, and is made of natural crushed stone with a particle size of 30-60mm laid vertically, with a paving thickness of 80-120mm, providing good energy dissipation, buffering, and erosion resistance. The circular raised edge 19 is integrally cast along the circumference of the fish-scale groove 20, with a protrusion height of 20-40mm and a width of 30-50mm, and is made of concrete of the same strength grade as the weir, to enhance the wear resistance and impact resistance of the groove edge.

[0024] Preferably, the height of the downstream toothed wall 15 is lower than the height of the reinforced concrete weir 14, with the height difference being 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the weir height, to form a suitable energy dissipation gradient. Multiple reinforcing bars are provided at the connection between the downstream toothed wall 15 and the reinforced concrete base slab 13. These reinforcing bars are HRB400 grade threaded steel bars with a diameter of 16-22 mm, arranged at intervals along the length of the toothed wall, effectively enhancing the shear resistance of the connection joint.

[0025] The above description only details the preferred embodiments of the present utility model. However, the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present utility model, and all such changes should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A fish-scale dam structure for river channels, characterized in that: The structure includes a foundation layer (11), an upstream toothed wall (12), a reinforced concrete base slab (13), a reinforced concrete weir (14), a downstream toothed wall (15), and a fish-scale groove (20). The foundation layer (11) is located at the bottom of the river channel and serves as the base structure supporting the superstructure. The upstream toothed wall (12) is located upstream of the reinforced concrete base slab (13). The reinforced concrete base slab (13) is laid on top of the foundation layer (11). The reinforced concrete weir (14) is located on the reinforced concrete base slab (13) and serves as a dam structure to block water flow. The downstream toothed wall (15) is located downstream of the reinforced concrete base slab (13) and serves as a structure to enhance the anti-sliding stability of the dam. The fish-scale groove (20) is a groove structure with a fish-scale pattern distributed on the upstream side of the reinforced concrete weir (14).

2. The river channel fish-scale dam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cushion layer (11) is a graded sand and gravel cushion layer, and the cushion layer (11) has uniformly distributed permeability enhancement holes inside. The permeability enhancement holes penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the cushion layer (11) to improve the drainage performance of the cushion layer (11).

3. The river channel fish-scale dam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upstream tooth wall (12) is provided with an anti-seepage coating on the side facing the upstream of the river channel. The anti-seepage coating is applied to the surface of the upstream tooth wall and is a coating layer used to reduce water seepage. The upstream tooth wall (12) and the reinforced concrete base plate (13) are integrally cast structures.

4. A river channel fish-scale dam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the fish scale groove (20) is an arc-shaped surface. The fish scale groove (20) is arranged in multiple rows. The multiple rows of fish scale grooves (20) are arranged in a stepped manner from the top of the reinforced concrete weir (14) downwards, with the height decreasing layer by layer.

5. A river channel fish-scale dam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first paving surface layer (16), which covers the upstream surface of the reinforced concrete base plate (13). An adhesive layer is provided between the first paving surface layer (16) and the reinforced concrete base plate (13), and the adhesive layer is used to connect the first paving surface layer and the adhesive layer of the reinforced concrete base plate.

6. A river channel fish-scale dam structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a second paving layer (17), which covers the top of the reinforced concrete weir (14), and the surface of the second paving layer (17) is provided with anti-slip texture.

7. A river channel fish-scale dam structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a third paving surface layer (18) and a circular protrusion edge (19). The third paving surface layer (18) covers the downstream side surface of the reinforced concrete base plate (13). The third paving surface layer (18) is paved with crushed stone and is a paving structure used to buffer the impact of water flow. The circular protrusion edge (19) is a flange set around the circumference of the fish scale groove (20) to enhance the structural strength of the groove.

8. A river channel fish-scale dam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the downstream toothed wall (15) is lower than the height of the reinforced concrete weir (14), and the connection between the downstream toothed wall (15) and the reinforced concrete base plate (13) is provided with reinforcing ribs.

Images