Toilet anti-freezing system based on solar air collection and phase change heat storage in alpine region

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of high-cold area toilet anti-freezing system based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage, and the system includes solar air heat collector, phase change heat storage tank and fan being arranged on the roof of high-cold area toilet and temperature control system being placed in toilet.Solar air heat collector is connected with phase change heat storage tank, and the phase change heat storage tank is connected with fan;Fan is connected with electric air valve by the air pipe of installing tee, or fan is connected with solar air heat collector by the air pipe of installing tee through electric air valve;Ruffled guide plate is arranged under the floor of toilet;Tee is connected with ventilation duct that extends into toilet and is divided into zones and is divided into directions, and the three-way branch pipe of the ventilation duct is respectively connected with ruffled guide plate, water pipe heat tracing air pipe and under-liquid diffuser in sewage pool or septic tank.The utility model has the characteristics of low operating energy consumption, full-automatic, long-time effect, and can effectively solve the problem of water pipe freezing, sewage icing, toilet environment being poor caused by low temperature in high-cold area toilet.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building energy conservation technology, and in particular to a toilet antifreeze system in cold regions based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage. Background Technology

[0002] Existing methods for preventing toilet freezing in high-altitude and cold regions mainly rely on electric heating, steam tracing, or coal-fired boilers, which suffer from high energy consumption, high operating costs, complex maintenance, and high carbon emissions. Some solar energy solutions only use direct solar thermal circulation, and heating interruptions at night or on cloudy days can easily lead to pipe freezing. Although phase change materials (PCMs) are used for thermal storage, they are not effectively combined with solar air collection and zoned directional hot air circulation technology, making it difficult to achieve all-weather freezing protection for toilet floors, pipes, and sewage tanks. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a low-energy-consumption, fully automatic, and long-lasting antifreeze system for toilets in cold regions based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage.

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention provides a high-altitude, cold-region toilet antifreeze system based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage. The system comprises a solar air collector mounted on the roof of the toilet in the cold region, a phase change heat storage box, a fan, and a temperature control system located inside the toilet. The air outlet I of the solar air collector is connected to the air inlet I of the phase change heat storage box via a connector, and the air outlet II of the phase change heat storage box is connected to the air inlet II of the fan. The air outlet III of the fan is connected to an electric air valve via a duct with a T-junction. Alternatively, the air outlet III of the fan can be connected to the air inlet III of the solar air collector via a duct with a T-junction and an electric air valve; a corrugated baffle is provided under the floor of the toilet; the T-junction connects to ventilation ducts extending into the toilet and branching out into different areas, and the end of the ventilation duct has three branch pipes; the three branch pipes are respectively connected to the corrugated baffle, the water pipe heating duct, and the submersible diffuser in the sewage tank or septic tank; the temperature control system is respectively connected to the solar air collector, the phase change heat storage box, the fan, and the electric air valve.

[0005] The solar air collector is installed at an angle on the roof of the toilet, with the installation angle equal to the local latitude plus 15°.

[0006] The solar air collector has a blue film with a selective absorption coating inside, an air inlet III at the bottom, and an air outlet I at the top.

[0007] The phase change thermal storage box is located below the solar air collector.

[0008] The interior of the phase change heat storage box is composed of steel or aluminum tubes arranged in the same direction at a spacing of 33±2mm to form a heat exchange structure. The space between the tubes is filled with fatty acid eutectic PCM with a phase change point of 18±2℃ and a latent heat of phase change ≥190kJ / kg.

[0009] The corrugated baffle is composed of PP baffles with a wave height of 15mm, forming a pressure equalization air duct with a duct height of 30mm. Its air inlet IV and air outlet IV are respectively located at the corners of the toilet.

[0010] The water pipe heating air duct refers to the water pipe with a heating air duct installed on its surface.

[0011] The heat tracing duct is a PVC round pipe, which is wrapped around the surface of the water pipe.

[0012] The heat tracing duct is a rectangular corrugated duct, which is spirally wound around the surface of the water pipe.

[0013] The temperature control system includes a PLC controller and a temperature sensor group connected together; the execution end of the PLC controller is electrically connected to the fan and the electric air valve, and has a built-in control strategy for starting and stopping the fan and the electric air valve according to the temperature difference; the temperature sensor group includes multiple probes, which are respectively located at the air outlet I of the solar air collector, the four corners of the toilet floor, and the center and air outlet II of the phase change heat storage box; the sensing end of the PLC controller is electrically connected to the multiple probes; the power supply end of the PLC controller is connected to an external power supply.

[0014] This utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. This utility model adopts an integrated system of "air medium + solar flat plate air collector + phase change heat storage" technology to achieve all-time antifreeze protection for toilets. It utilizes clean energy for heat storage, and its energy utilization rate is 40% higher than that of direct circulation solar thermal collector systems. It can effectively solve the problem of antifreeze protection for toilet water pipes and other facilities in high-altitude and cold regions.

[0015] 2. This utility model reduces heat loss and achieves low-energy antifreeze by directly connecting the air outlet I of the solar air collector to the air inlet I of the phase change heat storage box.

[0016] 3. The internal structure of the phase change heat storage box of this utility model consists of steel or aluminum tubes arranged in the same direction with a spacing of 33±2mm. The tubes are filled with fatty acid eutectic PCM with a phase change point of 18±2℃. Its latent heat of phase change is ≥190kJ / kg, which can provide continuous or intermittent heating for 72 hours, adapt to extreme environments of -30℃, and achieve all-time domain protection.

[0017] 4. This utility model is equipped with a ventilation duct that extends into the toilet and is divided into zones and directions. The end of the ventilation duct is equipped with three branch pipes, which are respectively connected to a corrugated guide plate, a water pipe heating air duct, and a submersible diffuser in the sewage tank or septic tank. This can realize zoned and directional hot air delivery, so that the temperature of the floor / pipe / sewage tank is not too low, effectively solving the problem of toilet freezing.

[0018] 5. This utility model uses air as a medium, eliminating the risk of freezing. It requires almost no maintenance during use, and the system has a service life of ≥10 years. It is suitable for winter antifreeze of toilets in high-altitude and frigid regions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional sectional view of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a top view of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view (AA) of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a partial enlarged view of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a BB cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the ground hot air circulation of this utility model.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a partial enlarged view (II) of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral wound air duct on the outside of the water pipe of this utility model.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the system of this utility model.

[0030] In the diagram: 1—Solar air collector; 2—Phase change thermal storage box; 3—Ventilation duct; 31—Corrugated baffle; 32—Water pipe heating duct; 321—Heating duct; 33—Submersible diffuser; 4—Fan; 5—Electric air valve; 6—Temperature control system; 7—Water pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0031] like Figures 1-6As shown, a high-altitude and cold region toilet antifreeze system based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage is provided. The system includes a solar air heat collector 1, a phase change heat storage box 2, and a fan 4 installed on the roof of the toilet in the high-altitude and cold region, as well as a temperature control system 6 placed inside the toilet. The air outlet I of the solar air collector 1 is connected to the air inlet I of the phase change heat storage box 2 via a connector. The air outlet II of the phase change heat storage box 2 is connected to the air inlet II of the fan 4. The air outlet III of the fan 4 is connected to an electric air valve 5 via a duct with a T-junction, or the air outlet III of the fan 4 is connected to the air inlet III of the solar air collector 1 via a duct with a T-junction and an electric air valve 5. A corrugated guide plate 31 is provided under the floor of the toilet. A T-junction connects to the ventilation ducts 3 that extend into the toilet and are divided into zones and directions. The end of the ventilation duct 3 is provided with three branch pipes. The three branch pipes are respectively connected to the corrugated guide plate 31, the water pipe heating duct 32, and the submersible diffuser 33 in the sewage tank or septic tank. The temperature control system 6 is connected to the solar air collector 1, the phase change heat storage box 2, the fan 4, and the electric air valve 5.

[0032] Among them: the solar air collector 1 is installed at an angle on the roof of the toilet, and its installation angle is equal to the local latitude + 15°.

[0033] The solar air collector 1 has a blue film with a selective absorption coating inside, an air inlet Ⅲ at the bottom, and an air outlet Ⅰ at the top, which is used to efficiently heat the air.

[0034] The phase change thermal storage box 2 is located below the solar air collector 1.

[0035] The internal structure of the phase change heat storage tank 2 consists of steel or aluminum tubes arranged in the same direction at intervals of 33±2mm, forming a heat exchange structure. This type of tube-and-tube heat exchange device is highly efficient, robust, and durable. The spaces between the tubes are filled with fatty acid eutectic PCM (such as the lauric acid-palmitic acid eutectic system) with a phase change point of 18±2℃, possessing a latent heat of phase change ≥190kJ / kg, and performance degradation <5% after 500 cycles. This phase change heat storage tank 2 is used to store excess heat, releasing it at night to achieve all-weather freeze protection.

[0036] This invention reduces heat loss and achieves a structural coupling design by directly connecting the air outlet I of the solar air collector 1 to the air inlet I of the phase change heat storage box 2.

[0037] The corrugated baffle 31 is a pressure-equalizing air duct composed of PP baffles with a corrugation height of 15mm and a duct height of 30mm. Its air inlet IV and air outlet IV are respectively located at the corners of the toilet. This utility model prevents ice buildup on the toilet floor by laying the corrugated baffle 31 under the floor. Its hot air circulation direction is as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0038] The water pipe heating duct 32 refers to a heating duct 32 installed on the surface of the water pipe 7, which can continuously or intermittently deliver hot air 1. When the heating duct 321 is a PVC round pipe, the PVC round pipe is wrapped around the surface of the water pipe 7, such as... Figure 8 As shown; when the heat tracing duct 321 is a rectangular corrugated duct, the rectangular corrugated duct is spirally wound around the surface of the water pipe 7, as shown. Figure 9 As shown.

[0039] In this invention, a branch pipe is directly connected to the bottom of the sewage tank or septic tank, and hot air is delivered into the sewage tank or septic tank through the submersible diffuser 33 to prevent surface freezing.

[0040] Since the hot air in the duct of this invention is directly discharged from the terminal electric air valve 5 after heat exchange, or is collected through the terminal electric air valve 5 and returned to the air inlet III of the solar air collector 1, this invention can be manufactured as an open system or a closed system. In a certain sense, the closed system is more energy-efficient.

[0041] like Figure 10 As shown, the temperature control system 6 includes a PLC controller and a temperature sensor group connected together; the execution end of the PLC controller is electrically connected to the fan 4 and the electric air valve 5, and has a built-in control strategy for starting and stopping the fan 4 and the electric air valve 5 according to the temperature difference; the temperature sensor group includes multiple probes, which are respectively located at the air outlet I of the solar air collector 1, the four corners of the toilet floor, and the center and air outlet II of the phase change heat storage box 2; the sensing end of the PLC controller is electrically connected to the multiple probes; the power supply end of the PLC controller is connected to an external power supply.

[0042] The temperature control system 6 includes the following hardware and software: Temperature sensors: PT100 platinum resistance thermometers (1 set each for collector outlet, storage unit center, floor level, and wastewater tank). Actuators: Electric air valve (DN100, leakage rate <3%), fan (power 0.75kW, air volume 800m³ / h). Controller: PLC (Siemens S7-1200), equipped with a 7-inch touchscreen.

[0043] Control logic code (software) snippet (example): ladder / / Charge-up is initiated when the collector temperature T1 > the storage unit temperature T2 + 10℃. LD T1 SUB T2 MOV #10.0, V0 GRT V0 OUT / / Fan start command / / Open the air valve when both ground temperature T3 < 5℃ and thermal storage unit temperature T2 > 15℃ are met. LD T3 MOV #5.0, V1 LES V1 AND T2 MOV #15.0, V2 GRT V2 OUT / / Air valve opening command The control strategy of the PLC controller is as follows: when the temperature difference between the outlet temperature of the solar air collector 1 and the center temperature of the phase change heat storage box 2 is ≥10℃, the fan 4 is started to charge the phase change heat storage box 2 with heat; when the temperature of the toilet floor is <5℃ and the temperature of the phase change heat storage box 2 is >15℃, the electric air valve 5 is opened.

[0044] The working logic (key control strategies) is shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1 Working principle of this utility model: Hot air from the phase change thermal storage tank 2 is divided into three branches via zoned and directional ventilation ducts 3. These branches connect to the corrugated guide plate 31 under the toilet floor, the water pipe heating air duct 32, and the submersible diffuser 33 in the sewage tank or septic tank, respectively, thus delivering hot air to the risk points of frost damage in a zoned and directional manner. The control of the ventilation and phase change thermal storage is achieved through the actuators fan 4 and electric air valve 5. Specifically, the temperature control system 6 collects temperature data from multiple probes and processes it according to preset logic to automatically start and stop the fan 4 and open and close the electric air valve 5 to determine the zoned and directional delivery of hot air.

Claims

1. A high-altitude and cold-region toilet antifreeze system based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage, characterized in that: The system includes a solar air collector (1), a phase change heat storage box (2), and a fan (4) installed on the roof of a toilet in a high-altitude cold region, as well as a temperature control system (6) placed inside the toilet. The air outlet I of the solar air collector (1) is connected to the air inlet I of the phase change heat storage box (2) via a connector, and the air outlet II of the phase change heat storage box (2) is connected to the air inlet II of the fan (4). The air outlet III of the fan (4) is connected to an electric air valve (5) via a duct with a T-junction, or the air outlet III of the fan (4) is connected to an electric air valve (5) via a duct with a T-junction. The air inlet III of the solar air collector (1) is connected; a corrugated guide plate (31) is provided under the floor of the toilet; the tee is connected to the ventilation duct (3) extending into the toilet and divided into zones and directions, and the end of the ventilation duct (3) is provided with three branch pipes; the three branch pipes are respectively connected to the corrugated guide plate (31), the water pipe heating air duct (32) and the submersible diffuser (33) in the sewage tank or septic tank; the temperature control system (6) is respectively connected to the solar air collector (1), the phase change heat storage box (2), the fan (4) and the electric air valve (5).

2. The high-altitude and cold-region toilet antifreeze system based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The solar air collector (1) is installed at an angle on the roof of the toilet, with the installation angle being the local latitude plus 15°.

3. The high-altitude and cold-region toilet antifreeze system based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The solar air collector (1) has a blue film with a selective absorption coating inside, an air inlet III at the bottom, and an air outlet I at the top.

4. The high-altitude and cold-region toilet antifreeze system based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change thermal storage box (2) is located below the solar air collector (1).

5. The high-altitude and cold-region toilet antifreeze system based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The interior of the phase change heat storage box (2) is composed of steel or aluminum tubes arranged in the same direction at a spacing of 33±2mm, forming a heat exchange structure. The spaces between the tubes are filled with fatty acid eutectic PCM with a phase change point of 18±2℃. Its latent heat of phase transition is ≥190kJ / kg.

6. The high-altitude and cold-region toilet antifreeze system based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The corrugated guide plate (31) is composed of a PP guide plate with a wave height of 15mm to form a pressure equalization air duct with a duct height of 30mm. Its air inlet IV and air outlet IV are respectively located at the corners of the toilet.

7. The high-altitude and cold-region toilet antifreeze system based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The water pipe heating air duct (32) refers to the water pipe (7) having a heating air duct (321) on its surface.

8. The high-altitude and cold-region toilet antifreeze system based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The heat tracing duct (321) is a PVC round pipe, which is wrapped around the surface of the water pipe (7).

9. The high-altitude and cold-region toilet antifreeze system based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The heat tracing duct (321) is a rectangular corrugated duct, which is spirally wound around the surface of the water pipe (7).

10. The high-altitude and cold-region toilet antifreeze system based on solar air heat collection and phase change heat storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control system (6) includes a PLC controller and a temperature sensor group connected together; the execution end of the PLC controller is electrically connected to the fan (4) and the electric air valve (5), and has a built-in control strategy for starting and stopping the fan (4) and the electric air valve (5) according to the temperature difference; the temperature sensor group includes multiple probes, which are respectively located at the air outlet I of the solar air collector (1), the four corners of the toilet floor, and the center and air outlet II of the phase change heat storage box (2); the sensing end of the PLC controller is electrically connected to the multiple probes; the power supply end of the PLC controller is connected to an external power supply.

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