High-waste long tunnel intelligent ventilation system

Abstract

This utility model discloses an intelligent ventilation system for high-wattage long tunnels, belonging to the field of tunnel construction technology. It includes a main ventilation duct installed at the top along the tunnel's extension direction, with a blower at one end and a main air outlet at the other. Near the blower, the main ventilation duct is connected to side ventilation ducts arranged symmetrically and parallel to both sides of the main duct. The diameter of the side ventilation ducts is smaller than that of the main ventilation duct. Several evenly spaced side air outlets are provided along the extension direction of the side ventilation ducts. The system also includes atomizing nozzles and water pipes. The water pipes are installed along the extension direction of the side ventilation ducts and integrate multiple atomizing nozzles, each corresponding to one of the side air outlets on the side ventilation ducts. This ventilation system improves tunnel ventilation efficiency, reduces energy consumption, and ensures construction safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology and is applicable to high-gas and extra-long tunnels. Specifically, it relates to an intelligent ventilation system for high-gas and extra-long tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] As highway tunnels become increasingly longer and deeper, traditional single-duct ventilation is no longer sufficient to meet the demands of dynamically diluting methane and carbon monoxide, leading to a sharp increase in the difficulty of tunnel environmental management. While existing technologies employ main and auxiliary duct structures, they lack intelligent airflow distribution mechanisms, operating at a constant airflow rate; or they only provide parameter threshold alarms, failing to predict concentration trends and adjust accordingly. Prolonged operation at a constant airflow rate will result in insufficient effective airflow at the far end of the tunnel, leading to methane accumulation; while excessive ventilation at the near end wastes energy. Furthermore, in the event of sudden concentration anomalies, there are shortcomings such as delayed response and high safety risks. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an intelligent ventilation system for high-wattage long tunnels, which aims to solve the technical problems of low ventilation efficiency, energy waste, and high construction safety risks in the existing technology.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: This invention provides an intelligent ventilation system for long, high-wattage tunnels, comprising a main ventilation duct installed at the top along the tunnel's extension direction to ensure air circulation; a blower connected to the end of the main ventilation duct exposed outside the tunnel to provide strong air supply capacity; and a main air outlet at the other end extending into the tunnel face to deliver fresh air to the tunnel face; side ventilation ducts symmetrically and parallelly arranged on both sides of the main ventilation duct are also connected to the end of the main ventilation duct near the blower; the diameter of the side ventilation ducts is smaller than that of the main ventilation duct. To ensure aerodynamic performance and wind pressure distribution, several evenly spaced side air outlets are provided along the extension direction of the side ventilation duct, facilitating effective ventilation in multiple locations within the tunnel. The system also includes atomizing nozzles and water pipes. The water pipes are laid along the extension direction of the side ventilation duct and are equipped with multiple atomizing nozzles to form an atomizing water spray structure. Each atomizing nozzle corresponds to one of the several side air outlets on the side ventilation duct. By spraying fine water mist, the temperature inside the tunnel can be reduced, and the methane concentration can be effectively diluted, improving air quality.

[0005] The main functional characteristics of the above-mentioned solution are as follows: Firstly, it provides an effective ventilation system. Through the combination of main and side ventilation ducts, it achieves uniform ventilation throughout the tunnel, avoiding the risk of localized gas accumulation and excessive carbon monoxide levels. Secondly, it provides water mist cooling and purification. The atomizing nozzles generate water mist, which helps reduce dust and temperature within the tunnel, enhancing the comfort of the working environment and improving the work efficiency of construction personnel. In summary, this system, through its designed main and side ventilation ducts and matching atomizing nozzles, effectively improves tunnel ventilation efficiency, reduces construction risks, creates a safe and comfortable working environment, meets the needs of modern tunnel construction, and is suitable for various high-gas and long tunnel construction environments.

[0006] Optionally, a spring-loaded pressure relief valve is installed on the side ventilation duct to release internal pressure. The main function of this device is to protect the piping system from damage caused by excessive internal pressure. Specifically, the spring-loaded pressure relief valve automatically opens when the pressure inside the pipe exceeds a set value, releasing excess pressure and ensuring the safe operation of the system.

[0007] Optionally, the atomizing nozzle is arranged at a 20°-40° angle to the side air outlet. This configuration effectively enhances the mixing effect of air and atomized water droplets, thereby improving the atomization effect and the overall performance of the system. The advantages include: firstly, improved atomization effect: the appropriate angle allows the atomized water droplets to fully contact the airflow, enhancing water evaporation efficiency and ensuring uniform air humidity distribution; secondly, improved cooling effect: the appropriate nozzle angle makes the cooling effect more significant, especially in high-temperature environments, helping to reduce the ambient air temperature; thirdly, reduced water droplet settling: by adjusting the angle between the nozzle and the side air outlet, the tendency for water droplets to settle rapidly after spraying can be reduced, thereby increasing the effective atomization distance and coverage area; fourthly, energy efficiency: good atomization and airflow combination can improve the system's energy efficiency and reduce water and energy waste.

[0008] Optionally, a side air outlet can be installed every 20m-40m along the side ventilation duct. This arrangement effectively improves the efficiency of air circulation and distribution. Its advantages include: firstly, uniform air distribution; the fixed-distance placement of side air outlets ensures even air distribution within the duct, preventing localized overheating and thus improving overall system efficiency; secondly, improved ventilation; reasonable outlet spacing enhances airflow and improves ventilation efficiency, especially in long duct systems, effectively reducing resistance loss; thirdly, flexible adjustment; the opening and closing of each side air outlet can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to different ventilation requirements and environmental conditions; and fourthly, energy saving and emission reduction; by optimizing ventilation, energy waste is reduced, helping to improve system energy efficiency and achieve energy-saving goals.

[0009] Optionally, each side air outlet is equipped with a multi-parameter monitoring module. This allows for comprehensive monitoring of environmental parameters within the tunnel, ensuring safety and optimizing ventilation. The multi-parameter monitoring module consists of a gas concentration sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a dust concentration sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, and detection contacts. The gas concentration sensor monitors the gas concentration within the tunnel, ensuring it does not exceed safe thresholds. Its importance lies in the fact that gas leaks can lead to serious safety hazards, and timely monitoring can effectively prevent gas poisoning and explosion risks. The carbon monoxide sensor monitors the carbon monoxide concentration within the tunnel to assess air quality and potential hazards. Its importance lies in the fact that carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless, and highly toxic; real-time monitoring ensures a safe working environment. The dust concentration sensor monitors the dust concentration within the tunnel to ensure a clean working environment. Its importance lies in the fact that excessively high dust concentrations not only affect health but may also impair equipment operation. The temperature and humidity sensor monitors the temperature and humidity within the tunnel, identifying factors that may affect ventilation and the working environment. Its importance lies in the fact that changes in temperature and humidity are closely related to human comfort and equipment operating efficiency. The detection contacts extend outside the side air outlet and are used to sense environmental parameters inside the tunnel, so as to collect external environmental data more accurately. Its importance is to ensure the validity of the data and to obtain and report the latest environmental parameters in a timely manner.

[0010] The above-mentioned solution has the following functional characteristics: intelligent control, the system is equipped with sensors to monitor the air quality in the tunnel in real time, and once it detects excessive methane or abnormal carbon monoxide concentration, it will immediately and automatically adjust the operation of the blower and the working status of the atomizing nozzles to enhance the ventilation effect; energy saving and environmental protection, the intelligent control system not only improves ventilation efficiency, but also dynamically adjusts energy consumption according to actual needs to achieve energy saving; safety early warning mechanism, the system is linked with monitoring equipment, and when it detects that the gas concentration exceeds the standard, it can immediately issue an alarm and automatically start the emergency ventilation procedure.

[0011] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Improved Ventilation Efficiency: The coordinated airflow from the main and side ventilation ducts significantly improves ventilation efficiency. This design ensures a substantial increase in effective airflow coverage, significantly reducing wind speed attenuation at the ends of long tunnels, thus enabling better control of airflow within the tunnel. This improvement allows for more uniform and rapid dilution of methane, reducing the concentration of harmful gases and enhancing construction safety.

[0012] 2. Prevention of pipe bursts: Spring-loaded pressure relief valves installed inside the side ventilation ducts automatically open when the internal pressure exceeds a safe level, effectively preventing pipe bursts, ensuring tunnel structural safety, and avoiding secondary disasters caused by overpressure. This safety design greatly enhances the reliability and safety of the pipeline system and reduces the risk of accidents.

[0013] 3. Improved Construction Environment: The integrated sprinkler module simultaneously ventilates, reduces dust, lowers the temperature, and humidifies, not only improving the construction environment inside the tunnel but also significantly reducing health risks for construction workers. By controlling dust and humidity, air quality is improved, which helps to increase construction efficiency and personnel comfort.

[0014] In summary, compared with existing technologies, this system effectively improves air volume coverage, reduces energy consumption, and decreases the number of sudden exceedances, providing a safe, energy-saving, and intelligent ventilation solution for high-gas and extra-long tunnels.

[0015] Other advantages, objectives, and features of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination and study, or may be learned from practice of this invention. The objectives and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the preferred embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent ventilation system for high-wattage long tunnels of this utility model; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-parameter monitor; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the intelligent ventilation system for high-wattage long tunnels of this utility model; Attached reference numerals: 1-blowing fan, 2-main ventilation duct, 3-atomizing nozzle, 4-multi-parameter monitoring module, 5-working face, 6-main air outlet, 7-side ventilation duct, 8-tunnel, 9-side air outlet, 10-spring pressure relief valve; 401-gas concentration sensor, 402-carbon monoxide sensor, 403-dust concentration sensor, 404-temperature and humidity sensor, 405-detection contact. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only, representing schematic diagrams rather than actual physical objects, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0018] Please see Figure 1-2As shown, the intelligent ventilation system for this high-voltage long tunnel adds equidistant side ventilation ducts 7 on both sides of the original main ventilation duct 2, and sets up side air outlets 9 with multi-parameter monitoring modules 4 (gas, CO, dust, temperature and humidity) and atomizing nozzles 3 every 30m on the two side ventilation ducts 7; the data of the multi-parameter monitoring modules 4 are uploaded to the cloud after edge computing, and then the LSTM-CNN model predicts the concentration change in 3-5 minutes, which is linked to the frequency converter blower 1 and spring pressure relief valve 10 to achieve "on-demand air supply, overpressure self-release, over-limit alarm, and water spraying to suppress dust".

[0019] Specifically, the intelligent ventilation system for the high-wattage long tunnel mainly involves a ventilation duct module, a multi-parameter monitoring module, a safety pressure relief module, a water spraying module, and an intelligent control module. Among them, the ventilation duct module includes: a main ventilation duct 2, which is arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel 8 and is responsible for delivering a large amount of fresh air to the tunnel interior, providing the main airflow power for the entire ventilation system; and side ventilation ducts 7, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main ventilation duct 2 and connected to it, so as to evenly distribute the fresh air delivered by the main ventilation duct 2 to various areas of the tunnel 8.

[0020] Multi-parameter monitoring module 4: Used to monitor various environmental parameters in tunnel 8 in real time, including gas concentration sensor 401, carbon monoxide sensor 402, dust concentration sensor 403, temperature and humidity sensor 404 and detection contact 405. It is used to detect gas concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, dust concentration, temperature and humidity in tunnel 8, and transmit the monitoring data to the intelligent control module to adjust the wind speed of the blower 1 and the water spray volume of the atomizing nozzle 3.

[0021] The safety pressure relief module includes: a spring-loaded pressure relief valve 10, which, if installed in the middle section of the side ventilation duct 7, releases pressure P when... real Exceeding threshold P s When the pressure is released, the valve opens to relieve excess gas in the side ventilation duct 7, preventing duct rupture and ensuring the safety of the tunnel structure. The trigger pressure threshold of the spring-loaded pressure relief valve 10 is dynamically calculated using the following formula: Among them, P real To monitor air pressure values ​​in real time; P pred The future air pressure is predicted by the LSTM model; K is a safe real number (ranging from 1.2 to 1.5) and is adjusted according to the tunnel gas level.

[0022] The water spraying module includes a water pipe 11 and an atomizing nozzle 3. The atomizing nozzle 3 is installed at a 30° angle to the side air outlet 9 of the side ventilation duct 7, using airflow to diffuse water mist to the working face 5 inside the tunnel 8. When the predicted gas concentration exceeds the safety limit by 80%, the intelligent control module simultaneously starts the nozzle to spray water (water flow rate 3L / min). The water mist suppresses gas accumulation, and while providing ventilation, it also reduces dust, cools, and humidifies, improving the construction environment inside the tunnel.

[0023] The intelligent control module, serving as the control center of the entire system, includes electrically connected predictive units, ventilation regulation units, and control units. It coordinates data transmission and operational status between these modules, enabling intelligent control of the entire ventilation system. The predictive unit employs a hybrid LSTM-CNN model (Long Short-Term Memory network + Convolutional Neural Network) to predict gas concentration changes over the next 3-5 minutes by analyzing temporal fluctuations and spatial diffusion patterns, and dynamically generates airflow regulation commands. The ventilation regulation unit dynamically adjusts the ventilation volume and pressure of the main ventilation duct 2 and side ventilation duct 7 based on the prediction results provided by the predictive unit and real-time monitoring data from the multi-parameter monitoring module 4. This includes adjusting the blower 1 or the opening of valves at the connection points between the main ventilation duct 2 and side ventilation duct 7, to meet the ventilation needs of different areas within the tunnel 8.

[0024] Combined Figure 3 As shown, the steps for using this high-voltage, long tunnel intelligent ventilation system include: S101, the main ventilation duct 2 is the core component of the entire ventilation system. It has a large diameter, and its specific size is customized according to the scale of the tunnel and the ventilation requirements to ensure that it can provide sufficient air volume. The main ventilation duct 2 is arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel 8 and installed at the top of the tunnel 8 to reduce the impact on the tunnel construction space. One end of the main ventilation duct 2 is connected to the blower 1, and the other end is connected to the side ventilation duct 7 through a connector (such as a valve). The side ventilation duct 7 has a smaller diameter than the main ventilation duct 2. They are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main ventilation duct 2 and are tightly connected to the main ventilation duct 2. Multiple side air outlets 9 are evenly distributed on the side wall of the side ventilation duct 7 at a set interval.

[0025] S102, the multi-parameter monitoring module 4 is a multi-parameter sensor assembly composed of a gas concentration detector 401, a carbon monoxide sensor 402, a dust concentration sensor 403, and a temperature and humidity sensor 404, used to monitor changes in environmental parameters within tunnel 8 in real time. Each side air outlet 9 is also equipped with a multi-parameter monitoring module 4 to acquire environmental data from various locations within tunnel 8 in real time. This data is transmitted wirelessly to the intelligent control module, providing real-time data for the prediction unit and ventilation adjustment unit within the intelligent control module. The prediction unit builds a prediction model based on big data analysis and advanced machine learning algorithms. It collects historical and real-time data from the multi-parameter monitoring module 4 and trains and analyzes the data using deep learning algorithms to learn the time-series patterns of environmental parameter changes within tunnel 8 and the interrelationships between them. For example, if the prediction unit uses an LSTM-CNN hybrid model (Long Short-Term Memory Network + Convolutional Neural Network), it can predict the trends of environmental parameter changes, including changes in the concentrations of harmful gases such as gas and carbon monoxide, as well as temperature and humidity trends, over a future period. The prediction results are then transmitted to the ventilation adjustment unit. The ventilation regulation unit is closely connected to the prediction unit and the control unit, and dynamically adjusts the ventilation volume and ventilation pressure of the main ventilation duct 2 and the side ventilation duct 7 based on the prediction results and real-time monitoring data. Furthermore, this ventilation regulation unit is used to operate ventilation control devices, such as the valve located at the connection between the main ventilation duct 2 and the side ventilation duct 7, which adjusts the air velocity at the outlet of the side ventilation duct according to real-time needs.

[0026] S103, the safety pressure relief module is a spring-loaded pressure relief valve 10 installed in the middle section of the side ventilation duct 7. It is a common component available on the market, and it operates when the real-time pressure P... real Threshold P s The pressure relief valve opens automatically. That is, when the pressure inside the side ventilation duct 7 exceeds the safety set value, the spring-loaded pressure relief valve 10 automatically opens to quickly release excess gas, restoring the pressure inside the duct to a safe range. Furthermore, after the pressure returns to normal, the spring-loaded pressure relief valve 10 automatically resets, ready to handle any potential overpressure situations, effectively preventing the duct from rupturing due to excessive pressure, and ensuring the safety of the tunnel structure and the stability of the ventilation system.

[0027] S104, the water sprinkler module includes a water pipe 11 extending along the side ventilation duct 7, and an atomizing nozzle 3 connected to the water pipe 11 and located at the side air outlet 9 of the side ventilation duct 7, installed at a 30° angle. The atomizing nozzle 3 can evenly spray water into a fine mist, increasing air humidity and, to some extent, reducing ambient temperature, thus improving the construction environment inside the tunnel. If the predicted gas concentration exceeds the safety limit by 80%, the water sprinkler system is activated, automatically controlling the sprinkling time and water volume to ensure timely dust suppression, cooling, and humidification operations when needed. The water pipe 11 is connected to an external water source.

[0028] The S105 intelligent control module, as the control center of the entire ventilation system, undertakes the important task of coordinating data transmission and operational status between various modules. It communicates with modules such as the multi-parameter monitoring module, the safety pressure relief module, and the sprinkler module, receiving data from the monitoring modules, sending historical data to the prediction unit and receiving prediction results, and then sending control commands to the ventilation regulation unit based on the prediction results and real-time data. Simultaneously, it controls the operational status of the sprinkler module and the safety pressure relief module.

[0029] The main technical points of this application are summarized as follows: 1. Coordinated structural design of main and side ventilation ducts: The main ventilation duct is installed along the tunnel ceiling, with one end connected to the air supply fan and the other end having a main air outlet. Near the air supply fan, the main ventilation duct connects to two symmetrical parallel side ventilation ducts (with a smaller diameter than the main duct), each with evenly spaced side air outlets. This design solves the problem of uneven airflow distribution in traditional single-duct ventilation or main-auxiliary duct structures, which leads to insufficient airflow at the far end of the tunnel and excessive ventilation at the near end, easily causing gas accumulation and energy waste. Simultaneously, the combination of main and side ducts achieves uniform airflow throughout the tunnel, improving airflow coverage and reducing wind speed attenuation, representing an optimized and innovative duct layout.

[0030] 2. Functional Integration of Ventilation and Atomizing Sprinkler System: Water pipes are laid on the side ventilation ducts, and atomizing nozzles are integrated, corresponding one-to-one with the side air outlets. The atomizing nozzles are arranged at an angle of 20°-40° to the side air outlets. This solves the problem that traditional ventilation systems cannot simultaneously achieve cooling, dust suppression, and gas dilution due to high temperatures, dust, and gas concentrations in tunnels. Furthermore, by combining ventilation with atomizing sprinkler systems, and optimizing the angle to enhance the mixing of water mist and airflow, the efficiency of cooling, dust suppression, and gas dilution is improved, representing a functional integration enhancement.

[0031] 3. Introduction of a multi-parameter monitoring and intelligent predictive control system: A multi-parameter monitoring module (including sensors for gas, carbon monoxide, dust, temperature, and humidity) is installed at each side air outlet. Data is used to predict concentration changes every 3-5 minutes via an LSTM-CNN hybrid model, dynamically adjusting the blower and atomizing nozzles. This solves the problem of existing technologies only providing threshold alarms, failing to predict trends, and exhibiting delayed response. Simultaneously, a machine learning model (LSTM-CNN) is used for advanced prediction, achieving intelligent "on-demand air supply" control, improving system response speed and safety.

[0032] 4. Safety pressure relief mechanism design: A spring-loaded pressure relief valve is installed on the side ventilation duct, which automatically relieves pressure based on a dynamically calculated pressure threshold. This solves the problem of excessive pressure in the pipeline easily leading to rupture, and the fact that traditional pressure relief valves with fixed thresholds are not suitable for dynamic environments. Simultaneously, the pressure relief threshold is linked to real-time monitoring and predictive data to achieve dynamic pressure management, enhancing system reliability and safety.

[0033] In summary, this utility model's intelligent ventilation system for high-wattage long tunnels organically integrates multiple technical features such as ventilation duct structure, atomized water spraying, multi-parameter monitoring, intelligent control, and safety pressure relief, forming a collaborative system. Compared with the "traditional single-duct ventilation" or "main and auxiliary duct structure" mentioned in the background technology, this system not only optimizes the duct layout but also introduces a dynamic control mechanism, solving problems such as low ventilation efficiency, high energy consumption, and slow response in existing technologies.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of this technical solution, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A high-wattage, long tunnel intelligent ventilation system, characterized in that, The system includes a main ventilation duct (2) installed at the top of the tunnel (8) along its extension direction. The main ventilation duct (2) has a blower (1) connected to one end of the main ventilation duct (8) that is exposed outside the tunnel (8), and a main air outlet (6) installed at the other end that extends into the tunnel face (5) inside the tunnel (8). The main ventilation duct (2) is also connected to a side ventilation duct (7) that is symmetrically and parallelly arranged on both sides of the main ventilation duct (2) at the end near the blower (1). The diameter of the side ventilation duct (7) is smaller than that of the main ventilation duct (2). Several side air outlets (9) with uniform spacing are opened in the extension direction of the side ventilation duct (7). The system also includes atomizing nozzles (3) and a water pipe (11). The water pipe (11) is arranged in the extension direction of the side ventilation duct (7) and has multiple atomizing nozzles (3) integrated on it. The multiple atomizing nozzles (3) correspond one-to-one with several side air outlets (9) opened on the side ventilation duct (7).

2. The intelligent ventilation system for high-wattage long tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side ventilation duct (7) is equipped with a spring pressure relief valve (10) for releasing the pressure inside the duct.

3. The intelligent ventilation system for high-waste long tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The atomizing nozzle (3) is arranged at an angle of 20°-40° to the side air outlet (9).

4. The intelligent ventilation system for high-waste long tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, A side air outlet (9) is opened every 20m-40m on the side ventilation duct (7).

5. The intelligent ventilation system for high-waste long tunnels according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Each of the side air outlets (9) is equipped with a multi-parameter monitoring module (4). The multi-parameter monitoring module (4) consists of a gas concentration sensor (401), a carbon monoxide sensor (402), a dust concentration sensor (403), a temperature and humidity sensor (404), and a detection contact (405). The gas concentration sensor (401) is used to monitor the gas concentration in the tunnel (8), the carbon monoxide sensor (402) is used to monitor the carbon monoxide concentration in the tunnel (8), the dust concentration sensor (403) is used to monitor the dust concentration in the tunnel (8), the temperature and humidity sensor (404) is used to monitor the temperature and humidity in the tunnel (8), and the detection contact (405) extends out of the side air outlet (9) and is used to sense the environmental parameters in the tunnel (8).

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