A composite cooling system for tunnel excavation in hydropower projects in high-temperature areas

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology and provides a composite cooling system for hydropower tunnel excavation in high-temperature areas. It includes an advanced drainage module, a cold water spraying module, and a hot and cold water fusion module. The advanced drainage module is connected to the hot and cold water fusion module, guiding high-temperature groundwater to the fusion module. The fusion module combines the hot and cold water. The cold water spraying module is connected to the fusion module and sprays stored cold water from outside the tunnel onto the tunnel face. This system can more efficiently reduce the internal temperature of the tunnel, solving the temperature control problem in high-temperature environments and ensuring the safety of construction personnel and equipment efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically relating to a composite cooling system for excavation of hydropower tunnels in high-temperature areas. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of national infrastructure, an increasing number of tunnels in high-altitude and mountainous areas are being planned and constructed. These tunnels typically face environmental characteristics such as steep plateau terrain, intense tectonic activity, frequent geological disasters, fragile ecosystems, and harsh climatic conditions. Among these, high temperatures and adverse geological conditions have a particularly negative impact on tunnel construction and operation. The high-temperature, high-humidity, and low-oxygen working environment can lead to dehydration, vomiting, dizziness, and hypoxic shock among construction workers, as well as damage to construction equipment and even injuries or fatalities. Furthermore, high temperatures can affect the stability of the surrounding rock, increase the joint width of the bedrock, and cause further rock decomposition and deformation, thus affecting the stability of the tunnel's surrounding rock.

[0003] High ground temperatures are a particularly prominent issue in the construction of hydropower tunnels in Southwest China. Hydropower stations are typically built on the upper reaches of rivers, where tunnel temperatures are high, with significant temperature variations between winter and summer. Furthermore, some sections of the tunnels are located in areas of high ground stress, making construction extremely difficult. For example, the Hadbut Hydropower Station, located on the upper reaches of the Ertis River, experienced high-temperature geothermal disasters in some sections, with an average temperature reaching 51°C. The Qirehatar Hydropower Station project, located on the Tashkurgan River in Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County, Kashgar City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, saw its water diversion tunnel, between chainages 8+200 and 9+400, reach a measured tunnel wall temperature of up to 90°C.

[0004] Most existing cooling systems are designed for single problems, lacking a systematic and comprehensive approach, and cannot simultaneously solve the multiple problems encountered in the excavation and construction of hydropower tunnels in high-temperature areas. Especially in high-temperature, high-humidity, and low-oxygen working environments, construction workers are prone to dehydration, vomiting, dizziness, hypoxic shock, and other problems, which can also cause damage to construction equipment and personal injury.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a composite cooling system that can comprehensively solve multiple problems such as cooling, drainage, and surrounding rock stability during the excavation and construction of hydropower tunnels in high-temperature areas, so as to improve construction efficiency and safety. Utility Model Content

[0006] This utility model aims to address the technical problems existing in the prior art by providing a composite cooling system for tunnel excavation in hydropower projects in high-temperature areas. This system can reduce the internal temperature of the tunnel, solve the temperature control problem in high-temperature environments, and ensure the safety of construction personnel and the efficiency of equipment.

[0007] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This utility model provides a composite cooling system for tunnel excavation in hydropower projects in high-temperature areas, including an advanced drainage module, a cold water spraying module, and a hot and cold water fusion module; The advanced drainage module is connected to the hot and cold water fusion module, and the advanced drainage module is used to guide high-temperature groundwater to the hot and cold water fusion module; The hot and cold water fusion module is used to fuse hot and cold water. The cold water spray module is used to spray the cold water stored in the outdoor cold water supply tank to the tunnel face, and connects to the cold exhaust pipe to transport the cold water to the hot and cold water fusion tank.

[0008] Optionally, the advanced drainage module includes an advanced drainage pipe and a first intelligent control valve; One end of the advanced drainage pipe extends into the surrounding rock and is set in a borehole opened within the area affected by the water inrush, while the other end is connected to the first intelligent control valve; wherein the diameter of the borehole is sufficient to cover the area affected by the water inrush.

[0009] Optionally, the hot and cold water fusion module includes cold water pipes, hot water pipes, and a hot and cold water fusion tank; The cold water delivery pipeline is installed on the top of the inner wall of the tunnel along the tunnel axis, with one end connected to the cold water spray module and the other end connected to the cold water supply box installed outside the tunnel. The hot and cold water fusion tank is connected to the advanced drainage pipe through a hot drain pipe, the hot and cold water fusion tank is connected to the cold water spray module through a cold drain pipe, and the hot and cold water fusion tank is connected to a water tank installed outside the hole.

[0010] Optionally, the first intelligent control valve is located at the connection position between the hot water pipe and the advanced lead-out pipe, the second intelligent control valve is located at the connection position between the hot and cold water fusion tank and the cold water pipe, and the third intelligent control valve is located at the connection position between the hot and cold water fusion tank and the water tank installed outside the hole.

[0011] Optionally, the cold water spray module includes an adapter box, a booster pump, a water outlet pipe, and spray heads; The adapter box is connected to the hot and cold water fusion box via the cold exhaust pipe; The bottom of the transfer box is connected to a water outlet pipe, and the end of the water outlet pipe is equipped with a spray head for spraying cold water from the transfer box onto the tunnel face. One end of the booster pump is fixed to the bottom surface of the adapter box, and the other end is installed on the spray head to boost the pressure of the spray head; The transfer box is connected to the cold water supply box via the cold water delivery pipe, and a fourth intelligent control valve is provided at the connection point between the cold water delivery pipe and the cold water supply box.

[0012] Optionally, it also includes a rock surface insulation module, which is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0013] Optionally, the rock surface insulation module includes an insulated rock panel.

[0014] Optionally, it also includes a front-end heat source monitoring module, which includes a temperature sensor installed inside the hot and cold water fusion tank.

[0015] Optionally, it also includes an intelligent control module, which is connected to the temperature sensor and is used to control the hot and cold water fusion parameters in real time.

[0016] Optionally, it also includes a visualization system module, which is connected to the intelligent control module and is used to display the temperature distribution inside the tunnel in real time.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. This utility model achieves efficient heat dissipation and energy optimization by comprehensively utilizing a variety of composite active cooling technologies, such as advanced drainage module, cold water spray module, hot and cold water fusion module, and rock surface insulation module. It significantly reduces the temperature inside the tunnel, effectively solves the temperature control problem in high ground temperature environments, and ensures the safety of construction personnel and the efficiency of equipment. 2. This utility model adopts a cold water spray module and a hot and cold water fusion module. Through facilities such as cold water delivery pipes and cold water spray devices, it realizes effective mixing and cooling of cold and hot water, avoiding the problem of more severe humid and hot environment that may be caused by traditional water spray cooling, and improving the safety and reliability of cooling. 3. This utility model is equipped with a front-end heat source monitoring module and an intelligent control module, which realizes real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of the temperature change of hot and cold water fusion. Based on the monitoring data, it automatically adjusts parameters such as cold water supply and hot and cold water mixing ratio, which greatly improves the intelligence level of the cooling system and adapts to the cooling needs under different working conditions. 4. This utility model adopts a rock surface heat insulation module, which forms a heat insulation layer through the installation of heat insulation rock plates, effectively preventing water seepage and reducing heat transfer, improving the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock, and solving the problem of the impact of high ground temperature on the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock. 5. This utility model is equipped with a visualization system module, which realizes real-time display of temperature distribution inside the tunnel, cooling effect and working status of each module, providing intuitive data support for construction management and improving the accuracy and reliability of cooling effect. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composite cooling system for tunnel excavation in hydropower projects in high-temperature areas, according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Advanced drainage module: 11. Advanced drainage pipe; 12. First intelligent control valve; 2. Cold water spray module: 21. Transfer box; 22. Booster pump; 23. Outlet pipe; 24. Spray head; 3. Hot and cold water fusion module: 31. Hot and cold water fusion tank; 32. Second intelligent control valve; 33. Third intelligent control valve; 34. Pipe; 35. Cold water supply tank; 36. Fourth intelligent control valve; 37. Cold water delivery pipe; 38. Cold exhaust pipe; 39. Hot exhaust pipe; 4. Rock surface insulation module: 41. Insulated rock panel. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0021] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "coaxial", "bottom", "one end", "top", "middle", "other end", "upper", "side", "top", "inner", "front", "center", "both ends", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0022] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "setting", "connection", "fixing", "screw connection", etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. Unless otherwise explicitly limited, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] Example 1 Combination Figure 1 As shown, this utility model embodiment provides a composite cooling system for tunnel excavation in hydropower projects in high geothermal areas, including an advanced drainage module 1, a cold water spraying module 2, and a hot and cold water fusion module 3; The advanced drainage module 1 is connected to the hot and cold water fusion module 3, and the advanced drainage module 1 is used to guide high-temperature groundwater to the hot and cold water fusion module 3; The hot and cold water fusion module 3 is used to fuse hot and cold water. The cold water spray module 2 is used to spray the cold water stored in the outdoor cold water supply tank 35 to the tunnel face, and connects to the cold exhaust pipe 38 to transport the cold water to the hot and cold water fusion tank 31.

[0024] Example 2 Based on Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the advanced drainage module 1 includes an advanced drainage pipe 11 and a first intelligent control valve 12; One end of the advanced drainage pipe 11 extends into the surrounding rock and is set in a borehole opened in the area affected by the water inrush, and the other end is connected to the first intelligent control valve 12; wherein the diameter of the borehole is sufficient to cover the area affected by the water inrush. Specifically, the pre-drainage pipe 11 is made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel, with a diameter of 65mm, a wall thickness of 5mm, and a length of 2.5m. One end of the pre-drainage pipe 11 extends 1.2m into the surrounding rock borehole, and the other end extends 1.3m into the hot and cold water fusion tank 31. The control drainage solenoid valve is a high-temperature resistant solenoid valve, with a maximum temperature resistance of 200℃ and a working pressure range of 0-1.6MPa. Its switching state is controlled by an electrical signal, achieving precise control of the high-temperature groundwater flow rate.

[0025] The working principle of the advanced drainage module is as follows: multiple boreholes are drilled at the tunnel face, and advanced drainage pipes 11 are inserted into the boreholes. Utilizing the natural pressure of groundwater, high-temperature groundwater is guided to the hot and cold water fusion tank 31. The drainage solenoid valve, according to instructions from the intelligent control module, adjusts the flow rate of the high-temperature groundwater to ensure stable system operation. The advanced drainage module effectively reduces the direct influx of high-temperature groundwater into the tunnel, lowers the ambient temperature inside the tunnel, and creates a relatively comfortable working environment for construction personnel.

[0026] Furthermore, the hot and cold water fusion module 3 includes a cold exhaust pipe 38, a hot exhaust pipe 39, and a hot and cold water fusion box 31; The cold water delivery pipeline 37 is installed on the top of the inner wall of the tunnel along the tunnel axis, with one end connected to the cold water spray module 2 and the other end connected to the cold water supply box 35 installed outside the tunnel. The hot and cold water fusion tank 31 is connected to the advanced exhaust pipe 11 through the hot exhaust pipe 39, the hot and cold water fusion tank 31 is connected to the cold water spray module 2 through the cold exhaust pipe 38, and the hot and cold water fusion tank 31 is connected to the water tank installed outside the hole. As a preferred embodiment, the first intelligent control valve 12 is located at the connection position between the hot water pipe 39 and the advanced lead pipe 11, the connection position between the hot and cold water fusion tank 31 and the cold water pipe 38 is provided with a second intelligent control valve 32, and the connection position between the hot and cold water fusion tank 31 and the water tank installed outside the hole is provided with a third intelligent control valve 33.

[0027] Specifically, the cold water supply tank 35, made of stainless steel with a volume of 10m³, is located outside the tunnel and uses a water pump to deliver cold water into the tunnel. The cold water delivery pipe 37 is wrapped with polyurethane insulation material, with an inner diameter of 50mm, a wall thickness of 4mm, and an insulation layer thickness of 20mm, reducing water temperature loss during cold water delivery. The cold water spray device is installed at the top of the tunnel and consists of multiple nozzles spaced 2m apart with adjustable spray angles, achieving uniform cooling of the tunnel interior. The hot and cold water mixing tank 31 is made of stainless steel and has a volume of 5m³. It is equipped with internal partitions and a stirring device to ensure thorough mixing of hot and cold water. The inlet of the hot and cold water mixing tank 31 is divided into two parts: one part is connected to the pre-drainage pipe 11 via a hot water pipe 39 to receive high-temperature groundwater; the other part is connected to the cold water delivery pipe 37 via a cold water pipe 38 to receive cold water. The first intelligent control valve 12 automatically adjusts the cold water inflow based on feedback data from the temperature sensor inside the hot and cold water mixing tank 31, ensuring that the temperature of the mixed water remains within a safe range. The hot and cold water mixing tank 31 is connected to a water tank installed outside the tunnel via a pipe 34. A third intelligent control valve 33 is installed on the outlet pipe of the hot and cold water mixing tank 31, which automatically controls the outflow based on the water level inside the mixing tank to prevent overflow or drying out.

[0028] Pipeline 34 is made of high-temperature resistant PVC material, with an inner diameter of 80mm and a wall thickness of 6mm. It transports the fused water to the outside of the tunnel, where it can be used in other construction processes or reused after treatment.

[0029] The hot and cold water fusion module achieves cascaded energy utilization through a hot and cold water circulation network, combining thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and engineering practice in its comprehensive calculations. Specifically, based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics, the module calculates energy transfer and entropy change during the hot and cold water mixing process to determine the optimal mixing ratio. Simultaneously, based on fluid mechanics principles, it calculates parameters such as flow velocity and pressure loss within the pipes, optimizing pipe layout and dimensions. In engineering practice, by monitoring hot and cold water temperatures and flow rates in real time, the system's operating parameters are dynamically adjusted to achieve highly efficient energy utilization.

[0030] Furthermore, the cold water spray module 2 includes a junction box 21, a booster pump 22, a water outlet pipe 23, and a spray head 24; The adapter box 21 is connected to the hot and cold water fusion box 31 via the cold exhaust pipe 38; The bottom surface of the transfer box 21 is connected to a water outlet pipe 23, and the end of the water outlet pipe 23 is provided with a spray head 24 for spraying cold water in the transfer box 21 onto the tunnel face. One end of the booster pump 22 is fixed to the bottom surface of the adapter box 21, and the other end is installed on the spray head 24 for pressurizing the spray head 24; The transfer box 21 is connected to the cold water supply box 35 through the cold water delivery pipe 37, and a fourth intelligent control valve 36 is provided at the connection position between the cold water delivery pipe 37 and the cold water supply box 35.

[0031] Example 3 Based on Example 1, in this example, the composite cooling system for tunnel excavation in hydropower projects in high geothermal areas also includes a rock surface insulation module 4, which is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel. Specifically, the rock surface insulation module 4 can isolate the heat source.

[0032] Furthermore, the rock surface insulation module 4 includes an insulation rock plate 41; Specifically, the heat-insulating rock panel 41 is made of waterproof and high-temperature resistant heat-insulating material and is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel after the tunnel is excavated to form a heat-insulating layer, which prevents water seepage and reduces heat transfer. Specifically, the heat-insulating rock panel 41 is made of modified polyurethane material, with a thickness of 1.5mm, a thermal conductivity of less than 0.035W / (m·K), a temperature resistance range of -40℃ to 180℃, and a waterproof rating of IP65. The heat-insulating rock panel 41 is 1m × 1m in size, facilitating installation and replacement. The heat-insulating rock panel 41 is fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel using special expansion bolts with a bolt spacing of 30cm, ensuring a tight fit between the heat-insulating rock panel 41 and the tunnel wall to form a continuous insulation layer.

[0033] The working principle of the rock surface insulation module is as follows: Utilizing the low thermal conductivity of the insulating rock panel, it blocks the transfer of heat from the surrounding rock into the tunnel interior, while simultaneously preventing moisture from seeping into the surrounding rock. The surface of the insulating rock panel undergoes special treatment, giving it a certain degree of reflectivity, which reflects heat radiation from inside the tunnel, further reducing the temperature inside the tunnel. The installation of the rock surface insulation module effectively reduces the impact of heat from the surrounding rock on the tunnel's internal environment, creating a relatively comfortable working environment for construction personnel.

[0034] Example 4 Based on Example 2, in this example, the composite cooling system for tunnel excavation in hydropower projects in high-temperature areas also includes a front-end heat source monitoring module, which includes a temperature sensor installed inside the hot and cold water fusion tank.

[0035] Specifically, the temperature sensor is a PT100 platinum resistance temperature sensor with a temperature measurement range of -200℃ to 650℃, an accuracy of ±0.1℃, and a response time of less than 10 seconds. The temperature sensor is connected to the intelligent control module via a waterproof cable to monitor the temperature changes during the hot and cold water fusion process in real time. Five temperature sensors are evenly distributed inside the hot and cold water fusion tank, located at the top, middle, and bottom of the tank, to comprehensively monitor the temperature distribution within the tank.

[0036] The front-end heat source monitoring module works by using temperature sensors to monitor temperature changes in the hot and cold water fusion tank in real time and transmitting the temperature data to the intelligent control module. Based on the temperature data, the intelligent control module automatically adjusts the cold water supply and the amount of high-temperature groundwater introduced to ensure the fused water temperature remains within a safe range. The front-end heat source monitoring module provides data support for the system's intelligent operation, ensuring that the system can dynamically adjust its operating parameters according to actual conditions.

[0037] Furthermore, it also includes an intelligent control module, which is connected to the temperature sensor and is used to control the hot and cold water fusion parameters in real time; Specifically, the intelligent control module includes a monitoring center and an alarm system, which automatically adjust the working status of each module based on monitoring data to achieve intelligent operation of the system; The monitoring center uses industrial-grade computers equipped with dual-core processors (3.0GHz), 8GB of memory, and 1TB of storage. It runs professional monitoring software to achieve real-time monitoring and recording of various system parameters. The alarm system includes audible and visual alarms and SMS alarm modules. When system parameters exceed preset ranges, alarms are automatically triggered to alert management personnel for timely handling.

[0038] The intelligent control module connects to various sensors and actuators via industrial Ethernet, employing a distributed control architecture to ensure system stability and reliability. The control algorithm uses fuzzy PID control, automatically adjusting parameters such as chilled water supply and hot / cold water mixing ratio based on data from temperature sensors, achieving intelligent system operation. Furthermore, the intelligent control module has self-diagnostic capabilities, automatically detecting system faults and providing corresponding troubleshooting suggestions.

[0039] Furthermore, it also includes a visualization system module, which is connected to the intelligent control module and is used to display the temperature distribution inside the tunnel in real time, thereby allowing the cooling effect to be inferred.

[0040] The visualization system module is used to display the temperature distribution inside the tunnel, the cooling effect, and the working status of each module in real time, providing intuitive data support for construction management. Specifically, the visualization system module includes a display terminal and a data processing unit. The display terminal uses a 23-inch touchscreen with a resolution of 1920×1080, a brightness of 300 cd / m², and a contrast ratio of 1000:1, enabling clear display of the system's operating status even in high-brightness environments. The data processing unit uses an industrial-grade computer equipped with a quad-core processor with a clock speed of 3.5 GHz, 16 GB of memory, and 2 TB of storage capacity, running professional data processing and visualization software.

[0041] The visualization system module uses a graphical interface to intuitively display the temperature distribution inside the tunnel, the working status of each module, and the system's operating parameters. Temperature distribution is displayed using a heatmap, with different colors representing different temperature ranges, allowing managers to quickly understand the temperature conditions inside the tunnel. The working status of each module is displayed using dynamic icons: green indicates normal operation, yellow indicates a need for attention, and red indicates an abnormality or malfunction. System operating parameters are displayed through numbers and graphs, including key parameters such as temperature, flow rate, and pressure, facilitating real-time monitoring of system operation by managers.

[0042] The visualization system module also features data statistics and analysis capabilities, generating daily, weekly, and monthly reports to statistically analyze system operation data and provide data support for system optimization and management decisions. Furthermore, the visualization system module supports remote access, allowing administrators to view system operation status anytime, anywhere via mobile devices, enabling remote monitoring and management.

[0043] The installation of this system includes the following steps: Step 1: Assemble the advanced drainage module. On the working face, evenly distribute multiple boreholes around the water inrush point along the water inrush influence range. The radius of the circle formed by the multiple boreholes is equal to the maximum radius of the water inrush influence range. One end of the advanced drainage pipe extends into the surrounding rock and is confined to the borehole opened at the water inrush influence range. The other end extends away from the borehole and is connected to the hot and cold water fusion tank. A control drainage solenoid valve is installed at its end.

[0044] Step 2: Assemble the cold water spray module and the hot and cold water fusion module. The cold water delivery pipeline is installed along the tunnel axis on the top of the tunnel wall, with one end connected to the cold water spray device and the hot and cold water fusion tank, and the other end connected to the cold water supply tank installed outside the tunnel. An intelligent inlet control valve is installed at the connection between the cold water delivery pipeline and the hot and cold water fusion tank. The hot and cold water fusion tank is installed at the bottom of the tunnel, and an intelligent control valve is installed at the outlet. The fused water is delivered to the outside of the tunnel through the hot and cold water diversion pipeline. Among them, the cold water conveying pipeline uses polyurethane or rubber and plastic insulation materials; The calculation process for hot and cold water fusion is as follows: First, monitor the outlet temperature T1 and flow rate Q1 of the cold water supply tank, the outlet temperature T2 and flow rate Q2 of the hot water outlet, and the outlet temperature T3 of the hot and cold water fusion tank. Then, according to the fluid dynamics formula Q=A·v, where Q is the flow rate, representing the volume of fluid passing through a cross-section per unit time; A is the cross-sectional area, representing the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe or channel through which the fluid passes; and v is the average velocity, representing the average flow velocity of the fluid in the pipe or channel per unit time, which is also the volumetric velocity Qv. According to Qm=ρQv, the mass velocity Qm is obtained, that is, the mass of the water flowing out of the cold water supply tank per unit time is m1; similarly, the mass of the water flowing out of the hot water outlet is m2.

[0045] Without considering heat loss or increase during the mixing process T3=(m1×T1+ m2×T2) / (m1+m2).

[0046] Step 3: Assemble the front-end heat source monitoring module, using a temperature sensor installed inside the hot and cold water fusion tank, and connect it to the intelligent control module via a waterproof connection cable to monitor the temperature changes of the hot and cold water fusion tank in real time.

[0047] The module control logic is as follows: First, a target water temperature T0 for hot and cold water fusion is defined according to actual needs. The outlet temperature T3 of the hot and cold water fusion tank is monitored and compared with the target water temperature T0. If the outlet temperature T3 is higher than the target water temperature T0, the outlet flow rate Q1 of the cold water supply tank is increased; if the outlet temperature T3 is lower than the target water temperature T0, the outlet flow rate Q1 of the cold water supply tank is decreased. This ensures that the hot and cold water fusion temperature reaches the required value.

[0048] Step 4: Installation of rock surface insulation modules, which are installed on the inner wall of the tunnel after the tunnel is excavated; Among them, the rock surface insulation module is an insulated rock panel made of waterproof and high-temperature resistant material with a thickness of 1-2mm.

[0049] Step 5: Installation of intelligent control module and visualization system module; The intelligent control module includes a monitoring center and an alarm system. It automatically adjusts the working status of each module based on monitoring data to achieve intelligent operation of the system. Based on the data fed back by the temperature sensor, it automatically adjusts parameters such as cold water supply and hot and cold water mixing ratio. The visualization system module is connected to the intelligent control module to display the temperature distribution inside the tunnel, the cooling effect, and the working status of each module in real time, providing intuitive data support for construction management.

[0050] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the scope of this utility model application should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A composite cooling system for tunnel excavation in hydropower projects in high-temperature areas, characterized in that, Includes advanced drainage module, cold water spray module, and hot and cold water fusion module; The advanced drainage module is connected to the hot and cold water fusion module. The advanced drainage module is used to guide high-temperature groundwater to the hot and cold water fusion module. The advanced drainage module includes an advanced drainage pipe and a first intelligent control valve. One end of the advanced drainage pipe extends into the surrounding rock and is set in a borehole opened within the water inrush area, while the other end is connected to the first intelligent control valve; wherein the diameter of the borehole is sufficient to cover the water inrush area. The hot and cold water fusion module is used to fuse hot and cold water; the hot and cold water fusion module includes cold water pipes, hot water pipes, and a hot and cold water fusion tank; The cold water delivery pipeline is installed on the top of the inner wall of the tunnel along the tunnel axis, with one end connected to the cold water spray module and the other end connected to the cold water supply box installed outside the tunnel. The hot and cold water fusion tank is connected to the advanced drainage pipe through a hot exhaust pipe, the hot and cold water fusion tank is connected to the cold water spray module through a cold exhaust pipe, and the hot and cold water fusion tank is connected to a water tank installed outside the hole; The cold water spray module is used to spray the cold water stored in the outdoor cold water supply tank to the tunnel face, and connects to the cold exhaust pipe to transport the cold water to the hot and cold water fusion tank. It also includes a rock surface insulation module, which is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel; It also includes a front-end heat source monitoring module, which includes a temperature sensor installed inside the hot and cold water fusion tank; It also includes an intelligent control module, which is connected to the temperature sensor and is used to control the hot and cold water fusion parameters in real time.

2. The composite cooling system for tunnel excavation in hydropower projects in high-temperature areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first intelligent control valve is located at the connection position between the hot water pipe and the advanced lead-out pipe, the second intelligent control valve is located at the connection position between the hot and cold water fusion tank and the cold water pipe, and the third intelligent control valve is located at the connection position between the hot and cold water fusion tank and the water tank installed outside the hole.

3. The composite cooling system for tunnel excavation in hydropower projects in high-temperature areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cold water spray module includes an adapter box, a booster pump, an outlet pipe, and spray heads; The adapter box is connected to the hot and cold water fusion box via the cold exhaust pipe; The bottom of the transfer box is connected to a water outlet pipe, and the end of the water outlet pipe is equipped with a spray head for spraying cold water from the transfer box onto the tunnel face. One end of the booster pump is fixed to the bottom surface of the adapter box, and the other end is installed on the spray head to boost the pressure of the spray head; The transfer box is connected to the cold water supply box via the cold water delivery pipe, and a fourth intelligent control valve is provided at the connection point between the cold water delivery pipe and the cold water supply box.

4. The composite cooling system for tunnel excavation in hydropower projects in high-temperature areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rock surface insulation module includes an insulated rock panel.

5. The composite cooling system for tunnel excavation in hydropower projects in high-temperature areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a visualization system module, which is connected to the intelligent control module and is used to display the temperature distribution inside the tunnel in real time.

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