Risk-avoiding structure during long tunnel construction period

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of risk-avoiding structure of long tunnel construction period, and the risk-avoiding structure, including the risk-avoiding hole being set in the side of long tunnel, risk-avoiding hole mouth is communicated with long tunnel passage, risk-avoiding hole includes the horizontal section, upslope section and lifesaving cabin placement section set in sequence, risk-avoiding hole mouth is set in one end of horizontal section, and the other end of horizontal section is communicated with the lower end of upslope section;Upslope section upper end is communicated with one end of lifesaving cabin placement section, and lifesaving cabin placement section bottom surface elevation is higher than long tunnel top portion.Risk-avoiding hole is set with horizontal section, upslope section and lifesaving cabin placement section, can effectively guide the action direction of personnel, is favorable to personnel to reach lifesaving cabin quickly, increases the escape probability of personnel in emergency situation;Lifesaving cabin placement section is located above long tunnel top portion, when long tunnel occurs sudden gushing water, lifesaving cabin is maximized to reduce the risk of being flooded by water.Lifesaving cabin placement section is located above long tunnel top portion, when long tunnel occurs sudden gushing water, lifesaving cabin is maximized to reduce the risk of being flooded by water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of safety and risk avoidance during the construction period of tunnels in water conservancy and hydropower projects, and in particular to a risk avoidance structure for long tunnel construction. Background Technology

[0002] With the vigorous development of water networks, water diversion and transfer projects are increasing, and are trending towards deeper burials and ultra-long distances. During the construction of long tunnels, due to complex and variable geological conditions, adverse geological sections may be encountered, such as fault fracture zones, rock bursts, and karst groundwater, often leading to disasters such as surrounding rock collapses, mudslides, and water inrushes. These risk factors not only threaten the lives of construction workers but can also cause serious engineering accidents. Therefore, the layout of refuge tunnels is particularly important to ensure the safety of construction workers and improve the safety of tunnel construction.

[0003] The existing layout of refuge caves has problems such as difficulty for escapees to enter the refuge caves quickly, difficulty in ensuring the safety of the refuge caves themselves, and difficulty in locating escapees.

[0004] Therefore, this utility model proposes a novel arrangement of refuge tunnels, which can indicate the direction of the escape exit, allowing escaped personnel to quickly enter the rescue capsule; the refuge tunnel itself can also avoid the hazards caused by adverse geological sections, ensuring safety and reliability and the safety of the rescue capsule; it can accurately locate escaped personnel and enable them to communicate with the outside world, thereby effectively improving the reliability of personnel safety and evacuation during the construction of long tunnels. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the above problems, this utility model provides a safety escape structure for long tunnel construction, which allows escape personnel to quickly enter the rescue capsule, effectively improving the reliability of personnel safety escape during long tunnel construction.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is: a disaster avoidance structure during the construction of a long tunnel, characterized by: a disaster avoidance tunnel set on the side of the long tunnel, the entrance of which is connected to the tunnel passage; the disaster avoidance tunnel comprising a horizontal section, an uphill section, and a rescue capsule placement section arranged sequentially; the entrance of the disaster avoidance tunnel is located at one end of the horizontal section, and the other end of the horizontal section is connected to the lower end of the uphill section; the upper end of the uphill section is connected to one end of the rescue capsule placement section, and the bottom elevation of the rescue capsule placement section is higher than the top of the long tunnel. The disaster avoidance tunnel, with its horizontal, uphill, and rescue capsule placement sections, effectively guides the movement of personnel, facilitating rapid access to the rescue capsule and increasing the probability of escape in emergencies; the rescue capsule placement section is located above the top of the long tunnel, minimizing the risk of the rescue capsule being submerged in the event of a sudden water inrush. It effectively blocks the impact of water and sediment from sudden disasters, preventing the capsule from losing its disaster avoidance function due to soaking and siltation.

[0007] Preferably, the rescue capsule placement section is equipped with a rescue capsule. Personnel proceed along the horizontal and uphill sections of the refuge tunnel to the placement section, enter the rescue capsule placed in the placement section, and after all personnel are inside the rescue capsule, the capsule is closed and rescue is awaited.

[0008] Preferably, the horizontal section is perpendicular to the axis of the long tunnel, with a horizontal projection length of 4.5m to 5.5m, and the ground is decorated with anti-slip textures. This provides space for people to change their walking direction.

[0009] Preferably, the uphill section uses reinforced concrete stairs with a step height of 150mm~180mm, a width of 280mm~300mm, and handrails made of Φ48mm steel pipes with a height of 0.9m~1.1m. The slope is controlled within 25°. This shortens the length of the uphill section, allowing personnel to quickly reach the rescue capsule, while also meeting the requirements for personnel to walk.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom elevation of the rescue capsule placement section is 1.2m to 1.5m higher than the arch of the long tunnel, so as to reduce the risk of the rescue capsule being submerged in water when water inrush and mudslide occur throughout the long tunnel.

[0011] Preferably, a 150mm thick C30 reinforced concrete pad is poured at the bottom of the rescue capsule placement section; a drainage ditch with a width of 200mm and a depth of 150mm is set around the rescue capsule placement section, and the drainage ditch of the rescue capsule placement section is connected to the main drainage system of the long tunnel to ensure that the water level around the capsule is ≤50mm.

[0012] Preferably, the rescue capsule has a rated capacity of 20% more than the maximum number of workers on a single working face in a long tunnel. The capsule body is made of Q355B steel with a wall thickness of ≥8mm and a compressive strength of ≥400Mpa. The rescue capsule is equipped with emergency supplies, including: ≥2000kJ compressed food per person per day, 1.5L of drinking water, and a medical first aid kit (including tourniquets, sterile gauze, etc.). The emergency supplies are provided at 120% of the rated capacity. The rescue capsule is equipped with an intelligent inventory management system that displays the expiration date in real time.

[0013] Preferably, a safety monitoring system is installed inside the refuge tunnel, connected to the outside world, to monitor the safety status of the long tunnel construction area in real time. Key technologies for external rescue include: a distributed fiber optic monitoring instrument inside the tunnel (monitoring displacement and deformation), a 4G+BeiDou dual-mode communication device (positioning accuracy ≤10m), and an infrared life detector. Data is transmitted to the ground control room via a dedicated optical cable with a delay of ≤2s.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: the refuge tunnel is equipped with a horizontal section, an uphill section, and a rescue capsule placement section. When a sudden water inrush, mudslide, or collapse occurs in a long tunnel, personnel can quickly reach the placement section along the horizontal and uphill sections of the refuge tunnel. This arrangement effectively guides the movement of personnel, facilitating their rapid arrival at the rescue capsule and increasing the probability of escape in emergency situations. Through reasonable arrangement, the direction of the escape exit can be effectively indicated, allowing escaped personnel to quickly enter the rescue capsule. The refuge tunnel itself can also minimize the hazards caused by adverse geological sections, ensuring safety and reliability, and guaranteeing the safety of the rescue capsule. It can accurately locate escaped personnel and facilitate communication with the outside world, thereby effectively improving the reliability of personnel safety and evacuation during the construction of long tunnels.

[0015] This utility model has the following advantages: 1. The refuge cave is designed with horizontal sections, uphill sections, and rescue capsule placement sections. The uphill sections are equipped with stairs and handrails. This arrangement can effectively guide the movement of personnel, facilitate their rapid access to the rescue capsules, and increase the probability of escape in emergency situations. 2. The rescue capsule is positioned above the top of the long tunnel, minimizing the risk of flooding in the event of a sudden water inrush. It effectively blocks the impact of water and sediment from sudden disasters, preventing the capsule from losing its safety function due to soaking or siltation. 3. The safety monitoring system inside the rescue capsule provides real-time monitoring, and external rescue technology ensures smooth communication, enabling efficient linkage with the ground and comprehensively guaranteeing life safety and rescue timeliness. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the refuge tunnel of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a front view of the refuge cave of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the internal layout of the refuge cave of this utility model; In the diagram: 1. Long tunnel; 2. Refuge entrance; 3. Horizontal section; 4. Uphill section; 5. Rescue capsule placement section; 6. Stairs (handrail); 7. Rescue capsule. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solution of this utility model will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0018] like Figure 1-3As shown, this utility model discloses a safety avoidance structure for long tunnel construction, including a safety avoidance tunnel set on the side of the long tunnel 1. The entrance 2 of the safety avoidance tunnel is connected to the passage of the long tunnel 1. The safety avoidance tunnel should be set near the long tunnel 1 in areas with adverse geological conditions such as karst, faults or rock bursts that are prone to sudden water inrush, mudslides, collapses, etc., so as to facilitate the rapid entry of construction personnel in emergency situations.

[0019] In this embodiment, the refuge tunnel is located on the side of the long tunnel with relatively favorable surrounding rock conditions, perpendicular to the tunnel axis. Fluorescent guide arrows are installed on the side walls of the refuge tunnel entrance, and audible and visual alarm signs are installed above the entrance. The refuge tunnel's support structure adopts a combination of anchor-sprayed mesh and steel arch support, with the sprayed concrete strength grade not lower than C25, ensuring its structural stability and safety, and preventing deformation or collapse under any circumstances. The net cross-sectional dimensions of the refuge tunnel meet the requirements for hoisting the rescue capsule 7 and personnel passage.

[0020] The refuge tunnel comprises a horizontal section 3, an uphill section 4, and a rescue capsule placement section 5 arranged sequentially. The entrance 2 of the refuge tunnel is located at one end of the horizontal section 3, and the other end of the horizontal section 3 connects to the lower end of the uphill section 4. The upper end of the uphill section 4 connects to one end of the rescue capsule placement section 5, and the bottom elevation of the rescue capsule placement section 5 is higher than the top of the long tunnel 1. The refuge tunnel, with its horizontal section 3, uphill section 4, and rescue capsule placement section 5, and its entrance 2 connected to the long tunnel 1, allows personnel to quickly reach the placement section 5 via the horizontal section 3 and uphill section 4 in the event of a sudden water inrush, mudslide, or collapse in the long tunnel 1. This arrangement effectively guides personnel movement, facilitating rapid access to the rescue capsule and increasing the probability of escape in emergencies. The rescue capsule placement section 5, located above the top of the long tunnel 1, minimizes the risk of the rescue capsule being submerged in the event of a sudden water inrush in the long tunnel 1. It effectively blocks the impact of water and mud from sudden disasters, preventing the capsule from losing its refuge function due to soaking or siltation.

[0021] In this embodiment, a rescue capsule 7 is installed inside the rescue capsule placement section 5. Personnel proceed along the horizontal section 3 and the uphill section 4 of the refuge tunnel to the rescue capsule placement section 5, and enter the rescue capsule 7 placed in the rescue capsule placement section 5. Once all personnel are inside the rescue capsule 7, the rescue capsule 7 is closed and rescue is awaited.

[0022] In this embodiment, the bottom elevation of the rescue capsule placement section 5 is 1.2m to 1.5m higher than the arch of the long tunnel 1, ensuring that the risk of the rescue capsule 7 being submerged in the event of water inrush or mudslide throughout the long tunnel 1 is reduced. A 150mm thick C30 reinforced concrete pad is poured at the bottom of the rescue capsule placement section 5; a drainage ditch with a width of 200mm and a depth of 150mm is set around the rescue capsule placement section 5, and the drainage ditch of the rescue capsule placement section 5 is connected to the main drainage system of the long tunnel to ensure that the water level around the capsule is ≤50mm.

[0023] In this embodiment, the rated capacity of the rescue capsule 7 is 20% greater than the maximum number of workers on a single working face of the long tunnel 1. The body of the rescue capsule 7 is made of Q355B steel with a wall thickness of ≥8mm and a compressive strength of ≥400Mpa. The rescue capsule 7 is equipped with emergency supplies, including: ≥2000kJ of compressed food per person per day, 1.5L of drinking water, and a medical first aid kit (including tourniquets, sterile gauze, etc.). The emergency supplies are provided at 120% of the rated capacity. The rescue capsule 7 is equipped with an intelligent inventory management system that displays the expiration date in real time.

[0024] In this embodiment, the horizontal section 3 is perpendicular to the axis of the long tunnel 1, with a horizontal projection length of 4.5m to 5.5m, and the ground is decorated with anti-slip textures. This provides space for people to change their walking direction.

[0025] In this embodiment, the uphill section 4 uses reinforced concrete stairs 6 with a step height of 150mm~180mm and a width of 280mm~300mm. The handrail 6 is made of Φ48mm steel pipe with a height of 0.9m~1.1m, and the slope is controlled within 25°. On the one hand, this shortens the length of the uphill section 4, allowing personnel to quickly reach the rescue capsule; on the other hand, it meets the requirements for personnel to walk.

[0026] In this embodiment, a safety monitoring system is installed inside the refuge tunnel, connected to the outside world, to monitor the safety status of the long tunnel construction area in real time. The key technologies for external rescue are: a distributed fiber optic monitoring instrument inside the tunnel (monitoring displacement and deformation), a 4G+BeiDou dual-mode communication device (positioning accuracy ≤10m), and an infrared life detector. Data is transmitted to the ground control room via a dedicated optical cable with a delay of ≤2s.

[0027] When a sudden water inrush, mud surge, or collapse occurs in the long tunnel 1, the personnel inside the long tunnel 1 immediately run along the indicator lights to the entrance of the refuge cave 2 and enter the refuge cave. The indicator lights inside the long tunnel 1 and the obvious signs at the entrance of the refuge cave 2 enable the personnel inside the tunnel to quickly reach the refuge cave, increasing the probability of escape.

[0028] Personnel proceed along the horizontal section 3 and uphill section 4 of the refuge tunnel to the resettlement section 5, where they enter the rescue capsule 7. Once all personnel are inside the rescue capsule 7, it is closed, and rescuers await rescue. The horizontal section 3 is designed to allow people to change their direction of movement; the uphill section 4 shortens the distance between the horizontal section 3 and the resettlement section 5, facilitating rapid access to the rescue capsule 7; the uphill section 4 includes stairs and handrails 6, aiding in ascent; and the resettlement section 5, being higher than the ceiling of the long tunnel 1, reduces the risk of the rescue capsule 7 being flooded. The refuge tunnel's structural design is sufficiently safe to ensure its stability, preventing rockfalls that could damage the rescue capsule and thus enhancing the safety of those escaping.

[0029] Inside the escape capsule, personnel can communicate with the outside world through a safety monitoring system. This allows the outside world to stay informed about the situation of those inside the refuge, including their number, health status, and required rescue supplies, enabling targeted rescue operations. Maintaining contact with the outside world also provides psychological support to those inside the refuge, stabilizing their emotions and boosting their confidence in survival.

[0030] After external rescuers eliminated the danger and entered the refuge cave, the refugees emerged from rescue capsule 7 and were rescued.

[0031] This utility model discloses a safety evacuation structure for long tunnel construction, which can effectively improve the safety of personnel evacuation in the event of emergencies during the construction of long tunnels. Through reasonable arrangement and the provision of necessary emergency equipment, construction personnel can quickly evacuate to the safety evacuation tunnel when encountering danger, thereby avoiding or reducing casualties and property losses.

[0032] It should be noted that the above description of the technical solutions is exemplary, and this specification may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limiting it to the technical solutions set forth herein. Rather, providing these descriptions will ensure that the disclosure of this utility model is thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the technical solutions of this utility model are defined only by the scope of the claims.

[0033] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely representative examples of this utility model. Obviously, this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments and can have many variations. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this utility model should be considered to fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A safety avoidance structure for long tunnel construction periods, characterized in that: It includes a refuge tunnel set on the side of the long tunnel, the entrance (2) of the refuge tunnel is connected to the passage of the long tunnel (1), the refuge tunnel includes a horizontal section (3), an uphill section (4) and a rescue capsule placement section (5) set in sequence, the entrance (2) of the refuge tunnel is set at one end of the horizontal section (3), the other end of the horizontal section (3) is connected to the lower end of the uphill section (4); the upper end of the uphill section (4) is connected to one end of the rescue capsule placement section (5), and the bottom elevation of the rescue capsule placement section (5) is higher than the top of the long tunnel (1).

2. The risk avoidance structure during the construction period of a long tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rescue capsule placement section (5) is equipped with a rescue capsule (7).

3. The risk avoidance structure during the construction period of a long tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal section (3) is perpendicular to the axis of the long tunnel (1), with a horizontal projection length of 4.5m to 5.5m, and anti-slip texture is set on the ground.

4. The risk avoidance structure during the construction period of a long tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The uphill section (4) is a reinforced concrete staircase with a step height of 150mm~180mm, a width of 280mm~300mm, a handrail made of Φ48mm steel pipe with a height of 0.9m~1.1m, and a slope controlled within 25°.

5. The risk avoidance structure during the construction period of a long tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom elevation of the rescue capsule placement section (5) is 1.2m~1.5m higher than the arch of the long tunnel (1).

6. The risk avoidance structure during the construction period of a long tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the life-saving cabin placement section (5) is filled with a 150mm thick C30 reinforced concrete pad; the life-saving cabin placement section (5) is surrounded by a water interception ditch with a width of 200mm and a depth of 150mm.

7. The risk avoidance structure during the construction period of a long tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The life-saving capsule (7) has a rated capacity of 20% more than the maximum number of workers on a single working face of the long tunnel (1).

8. The risk avoidance structure during the construction period of a long tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The life-saving capsule (7) is made of Q355B steel with a wall thickness of ≥8mm and a compressive strength of ≥400MPa.

9. The risk avoidance structure during the construction period of a long tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The life-saving capsule is equipped with emergency supplies, including: ≥2000kJ compressed food per person per day, 1.5L of drinking water and a medical first aid kit. The emergency supplies are provided at 120% of the rated number of people.

10. The risk avoidance structure during the construction period of a long tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refuge tunnel is equipped with a safety monitoring system that is connected to the outside world to monitor the safety status of the long tunnel construction area in real time.

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