A rotating shaft assembly, an encoder and a driver controller

Abstract

The application provides a rotating shaft assembly, an encoder and a driver controller, and relates to the technical field of electronics. The rotating shaft assembly comprises a rotating shaft and a magnet ring. The rotating shaft comprises a first shaft section and a second shaft section arranged in sequence in the axial direction. The first shaft section and the second shaft section are detachably connected. The outer wall of the first shaft section is provided with a limiting portion. One end of the first shaft section close to the second shaft section is arranged in the magnet ring. One end of the magnet ring and the second shaft section are in close contact. The other end of the magnet ring and the limiting portion are in close contact. The application can realize the reliability of the magnetic encoder in the vibration environment, the adjustability in the production and assembly and the convenience in the use and maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic technology, and more particularly to a shaft assembly, encoder, and driver controller. Background Technology

[0002] The controller is a core control component in rail transit vehicles, construction machinery, and other equipment. The accuracy and reliability of its control handle or main control key position and angle detection are crucial. To improve detection performance, magnetic encoder solutions have gradually gained application. This solution identifies angles based on the change in magnetic field caused by the rotation of a magnet along a shaft. In the structure of a magnetic encoder, the magnet is typically fixed to the shaft by adhesive or interference fit to achieve axial and radial limiting. However, under conditions of long-term vibration, impact, or significant temperature variations, the fixation between the magnet and the shaft may loosen or experience slight displacement. Once the magnet's position shifts, its relative spatial relationship with the magnetic field sensor changes, causing the original magnetic field reference to fail, directly leading to distortion of the angle detection signal and decreased accuracy. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a shaft assembly, encoder and driver controller that can realize the reliability of magnetic encoder in vibration environment, adjustability in production assembly and convenience in use and maintenance.

[0004] This application provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a rotating shaft assembly for a magnetic encoder. The rotating shaft assembly includes a rotating shaft and a magnet ring. The rotating shaft includes a first shaft segment and a second shaft segment arranged axially in sequence, and the first shaft segment and the second shaft segment are detachably connected. The outer wall of the first shaft segment has a limiting portion, and one end of the first shaft segment near the second shaft segment passes through the magnet ring. One end of the magnet ring is pressed against the second shaft segment, and the other end of the magnet ring is pressed against the limiting portion.

[0005] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the shaft assembly further includes an elastic pad disposed between the second shaft segment and the magnet ring.

[0006] In some embodiments of the first aspect, at one end of the first shaft segment and the second shaft segment that are close to each other, one of them is formed with an external thread and the other is formed with an internal thread that mates with the external thread.

[0007] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the shaft assembly further includes a lubricating ring sleeved on the first shaft segment, one end of the lubricating ring abutting against the elastic pad, and the other end of the lubricating ring abutting against the second shaft segment.

[0008] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the limiting portion extends circumferentially along the first shaft segment.

[0009] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a magnetic encoder, the magnetic encoder including a shaft assembly as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0010] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the magnetic encoder further includes a housing, with the first shaft segment and the second shaft segment rotatably connected to the housing. The housing has a first limiting portion and a second limiting portion, with the first limiting portion and the first shaft segment forming an axial limiting fit, and the second limiting portion and the second shaft segment forming an axial limiting fit.

[0011] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the magnetic encoder further includes a control board and an insulating board, the control board being disposed within the housing and the insulating board being disposed between the control board and the housing.

[0012] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the magnetic encoder further includes a magnetic field sensor that cooperates with a magnet ring, the magnetic field sensor being disposed on the control board and electrically connected to the control board.

[0013] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a driver controller, which includes a magnetic encoder as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0014] The embodiments of this application have the following advantages: This application provides a rotating shaft assembly that innovatively decomposes a traditional integral rotating shaft into two detachable parts: a first shaft segment and a second shaft segment. These two parts axially clamp and fix a magnetic ring. During assembly, the magnetic ring is first fitted onto the first shaft segment, with one end abutting against a pre-set limiting portion (such as a shoulder or retaining ring groove) on the outer wall of the first shaft segment. Then, the second shaft segment is connected to the first shaft segment (e.g., by screwing it in). As the two shaft segments are tightened, axial pressure is applied from both ends of the magnetic ring, firmly pressing it between the limiting portion of the first shaft segment and the second shaft segment. This clamping contact creates a gapless axial and circumferential constraint, which, combined with the structural stability of the rotating shaft, tightly locks the magnetic ring in the preset installation position. Regardless of whether the rotating shaft rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, the magnetic ring will not experience axial movement.

[0015] Therefore, the rigid structure with dual-axis clamping completely eliminates the risk of axial micro-displacement (loosening) of the magnet ring under long-term vibration and impact environments. This ensures a constant relative spatial relationship between the magnet and the magnetic field sensor, and a stable magnetic field reference, thereby mitigating the problems of angle detection signal distortion and accuracy reduction caused by magnet displacement, and significantly improving the long-term operational stability of the equipment under harsh conditions. Furthermore, the detachable, split design eliminates the need for interference fit clamping force or adhesive curing during magnet ring installation, making the assembly process easier to control, reducing assembly difficulty and the requirements for precision tooling. Additionally, before final tightening, the circumferential angle position of the magnet ring can be easily fine-tuned to calibrate the zero point or compensate for assembly errors in other components, greatly improving production efficiency and initial product accuracy. When the magnet ring needs to be replaced due to long-term use, or when the sensor system needs recalibration, simply disassembling the second axis section allows for direct replacement or adjustment of the magnet ring, making the operation simple and quick.

[0016] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a rotating shaft assembly provided in an embodiment of this application is shown from one perspective; Figure 2 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a magnetic encoder provided by an embodiment of this application from one perspective.

[0019] Explanation of key component symbols: 100-Spindle assembly; 110-Second shaft section; 120-Lubricating ring; 130-Elastic pad; 140-Magnetic ring; 150-First shaft section; 160-Limiting part; 200-End cover; 300-Control board; 400-Magnetic field sensor; 500-Base. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0021] It should be noted that when an element is said to be "fixed" to another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is said to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. Conversely, when an element is said to be "directly" on another element, there is no intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0022] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the template description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0025] In related technologies, the controller is a core control component in equipment such as rail transit vehicles and construction machinery. The accuracy and reliability of its control handle or main control key position and angle detection are crucial. To improve detection performance, magnetic encoder solutions have gradually gained application. This solution identifies angles based on the change in magnetic field caused by the rotation of a magnet along a shaft. In the structure of a magnetic encoder, the magnet is usually fixed to the shaft by adhesive or interference fit to achieve axial and radial limiting. However, under long-term vibration, impact, or large temperature variations, the fixation between the magnet and the shaft may loosen or produce slight displacement. Once the magnet's position shifts, its relative spatial relationship with the magnetic field sensor 400 changes, and the original magnetic field reference becomes invalid, directly leading to distortion of the angle detection signal and a decrease in accuracy.

[0026] As shown in Figure 1, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a rotating shaft assembly 100 for a magnetic encoder. The rotating shaft assembly 100 includes a rotating shaft and a magnet ring 140. The rotating shaft includes a first shaft segment 150 and a second shaft segment 110 arranged axially in sequence. The first shaft segment 150 and the second shaft segment 110 are detachably connected. The outer wall of the first shaft segment 150 has a limiting part 160, and one end of the first shaft segment 150 near the second shaft segment 110 passes through the magnet ring 140. One end of the magnet ring 140 is pressed and abutted against the second shaft segment 110, and the other end of the magnet ring 140 is pressed and abutted against the limiting part 160.

[0027] In these embodiments, the pivot assembly 100 is used in a driver controller to enable high-precision, high-reliability detection of the rotation angle of the control handle.

[0028] The rotating shaft consists of a first shaft segment 150 and a second shaft segment 110, which are arranged sequentially along the axial direction and assembled into a single unit via a detachable connection. For example, in this embodiment, the detachable connection is a threaded connection. Specifically, the end of the first shaft segment 150 is provided with an external thread, and the end of the second shaft segment 110 is provided with a matching internal thread, achieving a tight connection through screwing. Of course, in other embodiments, the detachable connection can also employ a snap-fit ​​connection, a pin connection, or a flange bolt connection, as long as it achieves axial fixation and facilitates assembly and disassembly.

[0029] In this embodiment, the limiting part 160 is a boss structure with an outer diameter larger than the rest of the first shaft segment 150, used to stop and position one end of the magnet ring 140 in the axial direction. The limiting part 160 and the first shaft segment 150 can be integrally formed to ensure structural strength and processing accuracy. For example, the boss structure can also be configured as a ring structure.

[0030] In this embodiment, the magnet ring 140 is a radially magnetized annular permanent magnet, with its inner hole fitted onto the outer wall of the first shaft segment 150. Specifically, one end of the first shaft segment 150 near the second shaft segment 110 passes through the inner hole of the magnet ring 140, placing the magnet ring 140 in the connection area between the first shaft segment 150 and the second shaft segment 110. Of course, in other embodiments, the magnet ring 140 is partially magnetized circumferentially, which also allows for rotational changes to alter the magnetic field.

[0031] In the assembled state, one end of the magnet ring 140 is pressed against the end face of the second shaft segment 110, and the other end of the magnet ring 140 is pressed against the end face of the limiting part 160. When the first shaft segment 150 and the second shaft segment 110 are fastened by a threaded connection, the second shaft segment 110 applies axial pressure to the magnet ring 140, which is transmitted through the magnet ring 140 to the limiting part 160, thereby forming a bidirectional pressing and fixing of the magnet ring 140 in the axial direction.

[0032] In this embodiment, the magnet ring 140 and the first shaft segment 150 are fitted with a clearance fit or a transition fit, achieving circumferential fixation without relying on adhesive or interference fit. Circumferential positioning is achieved by the non-circular cross-section of the first shaft segment 150 (such as a D-shaped shaft or keyway) fitting with the inner hole of the magnet ring 140, or by friction self-locking achieved by the limiting part 160 pressing against the end face of the second shaft segment 110.

[0033] Clearly, this application effectively solves the problem of magnet loosening caused by vibration and temperature changes in the prior art by configuring the rotating shaft as a detachable two-section structure and using the limiting part 160 and the second shaft section 110 to axially and bidirectionally press the magnet ring 140, thus significantly improving the long-term reliability of angle detection. At the same time, this structure facilitates adjustment of the axial position of the magnet ring 140 during production and assembly, and allows for quick replacement of the magnet ring 140 during maintenance, improving assembly adjustability and maintenance convenience.

[0034] In some embodiments, the pivot assembly 100 further includes an elastic pad 130 disposed between the second shaft segment 110 and the magnet ring 140.

[0035] In these embodiments, taking the annular elastic pad 130 as an example, its inner hole is fitted onto the outer wall of the first shaft segment 150, located between the end face of the second shaft segment 110 and one end of the magnet ring 140. Of course, in other embodiments, the elastic pad 130 may also be arc-shaped, sheet-shaped, etc.

[0036] The elastic pad 130 is made of a material with elastic and resilient properties, such as rubber, silicone, polyurethane, or a metal spring sheet. In this embodiment, a pre-compressed silicone pad is used. When the first shaft segment 150 and the second shaft segment 110 are fastened together by a threaded connection, the second shaft segment 110 compresses the elastic pad 130, causing it to undergo axial compressive deformation, thereby applying a continuous preload to the magnet ring 140. This also reduces damage to the magnet ring 140.

[0037] Under conditions of significant temperature variations, the different coefficients of thermal expansion between the materials of the shaft and the magnet ring 140 may lead to loosening or excessive clamping force. The elastic deformation of the elastic pad 130 can absorb dimensional changes, maintain a stable axial preload, and prevent the magnet ring 140 from loosening or breaking under pressure.

[0038] In the high-vibration environment of rail transit or engineering machinery, the elastic pad 130 can effectively absorb high-frequency vibration energy, reduce the dynamic load transmitted to the magnet ring 140, and avoid positioning failure caused by fretting wear.

[0039] During the production and assembly process, there are machining dimensional tolerances in components such as the first shaft section 150, the second shaft section 110, and the magnetic ring 140. The compressibility of the elastic pad 130 can automatically compensate for the accumulated tolerances, ensuring a reliable clamping effect in different batches of assembly and improving the assembly yield.

[0040] Furthermore, by selecting elastic pads 130 with different elastic moduli, thicknesses, and compression ratios, the magnitude of the preload applied to the magnet ring 140 can be precisely controlled, avoiding the magnet from cracking due to excessive tightness or slipping due to excessive looseness.

[0041] In some embodiments, at one end of the first shaft segment 150 and the second shaft segment 110 that are close to each other, one is formed with an external thread and the other is formed with an internal thread that mates with the external thread.

[0042] In these embodiments, the outer peripheral surface of the first shaft segment 150 near the second shaft segment 110 is provided with an external thread, and the inner hole of the second shaft segment 110 near the first shaft segment 150 is provided with a matching internal thread. During assembly, the end of the first shaft segment 150 is screwed into the inner hole of the second shaft segment 110 until the end face of the second shaft segment 110 (or the elastic pad 130 on it) is in close contact with the magnet ring 140, and then a predetermined torque is applied to complete the locking.

[0043] In another embodiment, the inner hole of the first shaft segment 150 near the second shaft segment 110 is provided with an internal thread, and the outer circumferential surface of the second shaft segment 110 near the first shaft segment 150 is provided with an external thread. During assembly, the end of the second shaft segment 110 is screwed into the inner hole of the first shaft segment 150 to achieve connection and locking.

[0044] Both of the above threaded connection methods can achieve reliable axial fixation and torque transmission. The choice of method depends on the specific scenario.

[0045] For example, the external and internal threads are fine-pitch threads, such as M6×0.75, which have a smaller pitch and better self-locking performance and resistance to vibration loosening. A small amount of anaerobic adhesive (such as threadlocking adhesive) can be applied to the threaded engagement area to further prevent loosening under extreme vibration environments, without affecting disassembly during later maintenance.

[0046] In some embodiments, the shaft assembly 100 further includes a lubricating ring 120, which is sleeved on the first shaft segment 150. One end of the lubricating ring 120 abuts against the elastic pad 130, and the other end of the lubricating ring 120 abuts against the second shaft segment 110.

[0047] In these embodiments, the lubrication ring 120 is annular, and its inner hole slides in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first shaft segment 150. One end of the lubrication ring 120 abuts against the end face of the elastic pad 130, and the other end abuts against the end face of the second shaft segment 110. In this embodiment, the lubrication ring 120 is disposed between the threaded connection end face of the elastic pad 130 and the second shaft segment 110. When the second shaft segment 110 is tightened, its end face transmits pressure to the elastic pad 130 through the lubrication ring 120, thereby pressing the magnet ring 140.

[0048] The lubrication ring 120 is made of a material with self-lubricating properties, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, oil-impregnated nylon, graphite-filled polyetheretherketone, or sintered bronze impregnated with lubricating oil. In this embodiment, a PTFE-based composite material lubrication ring 120 is used, which has a low coefficient of friction, good wear resistance, and can operate for a long time without external oil supply.

[0049] During the thread engagement process, relative rotation occurs between the second shaft segment 110 and the lubricating ring 120. The lubricating ring 120 effectively reduces the sliding friction resistance between the end face of the second shaft segment 110 and the elastic pad 130, so that the torque is converted into axial preload more evenly, avoiding insufficient preload or local stress concentration due to excessive friction.

[0050] The elastic pad 130 (such as a silicone pad or a rubber pad) is generally not resistant to friction and shear. The lubrication ring 120 acts as an isolation layer to prevent the metal end face of the second shaft segment 110 from directly contacting the elastic pad 130 and causing wear or tear, thus significantly extending the service life of the elastic pad 130.

[0051] In some embodiments, the limiting portion 160 extends circumferentially along the first shaft segment 150.

[0052] In these embodiments, the limiting part 160 is an annular boss surrounding the outer periphery of the first shaft segment 150, with an outer diameter larger than the main body of the first shaft segment 150, forming a complete circumferential stop surface to abut against the end face of the magnet ring 140 in a surface contact manner.

[0053] The annular boss extends continuously and in a closed manner along the circumference, making its end face (i.e., the surface that abuts against the magnet ring 140) a complete annular plane. When the magnet ring 140 is subjected to a clamping force from the second shaft segment 110 in the axial direction, the force is transmitted through the magnet ring 140 to the end face of the limiting part 160. Since the limiting part 160 extends continuously in the circumferential direction and its bearing surface is a complete annular shape, it can evenly distribute the axial pressure across the entire contact circumference, avoiding local stress concentration and preventing the magnet ring 140 from cracking or deforming due to uneven force.

[0054] As an integral structure, the annular boss has high bending and torsional stiffness, which can effectively resist the off-center load during assembly or the radial vibration load during use, ensuring the long-term stability of the limiting function.

[0055] For example, the limiting part 160 and the first shaft segment 150 are integrally formed structures.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, this application also provides a magnetic encoder, which includes a shaft assembly 100 as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0057] This application also provides a magnetic encoder, which can be used in devices requiring high-precision angle detection, such as driver controllers for rail transit vehicles and joysticks for engineering machinery.

[0058] For example, a magnetic encoder includes a shaft assembly 100, a magnetic field sensor 400, a signal processing circuit, and an encoder housing.

[0059] The shaft of the shaft assembly 100 is rotatably mounted on the encoder housing, supported, for example, by a first bearing and a second bearing, to ensure smooth rotation and minimal axial movement. The magnet ring 140 is fixed to the shaft and rotates synchronously with it.

[0060] The magnetic field sensor 400 is fixed to the inner wall of the encoder housing, maintaining a preset radial air gap with the magnet ring 140. In this embodiment, the magnetic field sensor 400 is a Hall effect sensor or a magnetoresistive sensor, capable of sensitively detecting changes in the direction of the magnetic field when the magnet ring 140 rotates.

[0061] The signal processing circuit is electrically connected to the magnetic field sensor 400 and is used to amplify, filter, perform analog-to-digital conversion, and calculate the angle of the analog signal output by the sensor. In this embodiment, the signal processing circuit uses a dedicated angle calculation chip, such as AS5600 or MA730, which can output standard PWM, UVW, or SSI digital signals.

[0062] The encoder housing is made of magnetic or non-magnetic materials (such as aluminum alloy or engineering plastics), providing excellent electromagnetic shielding and mechanical protection. The housing is equipped with cable exit holes or connector interfaces for communication with external control systems.

[0063] When the driver rotates the control handle, it causes the shaft of the rotating shaft assembly 100 and the magnet ring 140 to rotate synchronously. The direction of the magnetic field generated by the magnet ring 140 changes accordingly, and the magnetic field sensor 400 detects this change in real time and outputs a corresponding electrical signal. The signal processing circuit processes the signal, calculates the precise rotation angle, and transmits the angle information to the main control system of the vehicle or equipment to realize the recognition and execution of the operation command.

[0064] Because this magnetic encoder uses the aforementioned shaft assembly 100 with bidirectional clamping structure, elastic compensation and lubrication function, it can effectively prevent the magnet ring 140 from loosening and displacement due to vibration, impact or temperature change during long-term operation, thereby ensuring the long-term stability and high accuracy of the angle detection signal, and significantly improving the reliability and service life of the encoder under harsh working conditions.

[0065] In some embodiments, the magnetic encoder further includes a housing, and the first shaft segment 150 and the second shaft segment 110 are rotatably connected to the housing. The housing has a first limiting part 160 and a second limiting part 160. The first limiting part 160 and the first shaft segment 150 form an axial limiting fit, and the second limiting part 160 and the second shaft segment 110 form an axial limiting fit.

[0066] In these embodiments, the housing includes a base 500 and an end cap 200, which are fixedly connected by screws or clips to form a closed or semi-closed receiving space. A first mounting hole is provided on the base 500, and a second mounting hole is provided on the end cap 200. A first bearing is mounted in the first mounting hole, with its inner ring engaging with the outer circumference of a first shaft segment 150. A second bearing is mounted in the second mounting hole, with its inner ring engaging with the outer circumference of a second shaft segment 110. Supported by the two bearings, the shaft can rotate freely around its axis while maintaining good coaxiality and low friction.

[0067] Furthermore, the housing is also provided with an axial limiting structure to limit excessive axial movement of the rotating shaft and ensure the relative position stability between the magnet ring 140 and the magnetic field sensor 400. Specifically, a first limiting part 160 is provided on the side of the housing near the first shaft segment 150, for example, an annular boss or retaining ring groove on the inner wall of the base 500. The first limiting part 160 forms an axial limiting engagement with the shaft shoulder or retaining ring on the first shaft segment 150, restricting the axial movement of the first shaft segment 150 to the outside of the housing.

[0068] The second limiting part 160 is provided on the side of the housing near the second shaft section 110, for example, as a boss or stepped hole on the inner wall of the end cover 200. The second limiting part 160 forms an axial limiting engagement with the shaft shoulder or limiting ring on the second shaft section 110, restricting the axial movement of the second shaft section 110 toward the inside of the housing.

[0069] Through the dual axial limiting cooperation of the first limiting part 160 with the first shaft segment 150 and the second limiting part 160 with the second shaft segment 110, the axial degree of freedom of the rotating shaft is effectively constrained, allowing only a small elastic float (provided by the elastic pad 130), thereby preventing axial movement caused by external impact or assembly error, and ensuring that the magnet ring 140 is always within the optimal sensing area of ​​the magnetic field sensor 400 during rotation.

[0070] Of course, in other embodiments, the first limiting part 160 and the second limiting part 160 may also be bearings on the housing, and the first shaft segment 150 and the second shaft segment 110 respectively abut and limit the inner ring of the corresponding bearing.

[0071] In some embodiments, the magnetic encoder further includes a control board 300 and an insulating plate, the control board 300 being disposed within the housing and the insulating plate being disposed between the control board 300 and the housing.

[0072] In these embodiments, the control board 300 is a printed circuit board that integrates the signal processing circuitry (such as an angle calculation chip, filtering circuitry, power management module, communication interface, etc.) and an optional magnetic field sensor 400. In this embodiment, the magnetic field sensor 400 is directly soldered to pads on the control board 300, achieving a compact layout.

[0073] The control board 300 is fixedly mounted inside the housing, for example, by means of screws, clips, or adhesive to the base 500 of the housing. The control board 300 is provided with electrical interfaces (such as pads, sockets, or lead terminals) for signal and power connection with an external control system.

[0074] Furthermore, the magnetic encoder also includes an insulating plate disposed between the control board 300 and the housing. Specifically, the insulating plate is located on the back plate side of the control board 300 (i.e., the side facing the housing base 500), between the control board 300 and the housing.

[0075] The insulating board is made of materials with excellent electrical insulation properties, such as epoxy glass cloth board, polyimide film, ceramic substrate or engineering plastic.

[0076] When the housing is made of conductive materials (such as aluminum alloy or steel), the insulating plate can effectively prevent short circuits or leakage between the circuit traces, component pins or grounding layers on the control board 300 and the housing, thereby improving electrical safety and signal stability.

[0077] The insulating board, as a dielectric layer, can reduce parasitic capacitive coupling between the control board 300 and the metal housing, reduce high-frequency noise interference, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor signal.

[0078] In some embodiments, the magnetic encoder also includes a magnetic field sensor 400 that cooperates with the magnet ring 140. The magnetic field sensor 400 is disposed on the control board 300 and is electrically connected to the control board 300.

[0079] In these embodiments, the magnetic field sensor 400 cooperates with the magnet ring 140 to detect changes in the direction of the magnetic field when the magnet ring 140 rotates, and outputs a corresponding electrical signal.

[0080] For example, the magnetic field sensor 400 is disposed on the control board 300 and electrically connected to the control board 300. In this embodiment, the magnetic field sensor 400 is a surface mount device, which is fixed to the pads of the control board 300 by soldering (such as reflow soldering), and its pins are directly connected to the circuit traces on the control board 300 to achieve electrical connection.

[0081] The magnetic field sensor 400 is located on the radial periphery of the magnet ring 140, maintaining a preset air gap with the magnet ring 140. When the magnet ring 140 rotates with the shaft, the direction of the radial magnetic field it generates changes synchronously. The magnetic field sensor 400 detects the angle of this magnetic field in real time and outputs an analog voltage signal (such as a sine / cosine signal) or a digital signal.

[0082] In this embodiment, the magnetic field sensor 400 is selected as a high-sensitivity tunneling magnetoresistive sensor or anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor. Of course, in other embodiments, a Hall sensor may also be used.

[0083] The signal processing circuit integrated on the control board 300 receives the raw signal from the magnetic field sensor 400, amplifies, filters, performs analog-to-digital conversion and angle calculation, and finally outputs a standardized angle signal for use by the external control system.

[0084] In some embodiments, this application also provides a driver controller, which includes any of the magnetic encoders described in the above embodiments.

[0085] This application also provides a driver controller, which is used in rail transit vehicles (such as subways, EMUs, locomotives) or large engineering machinery (such as excavators, cranes) as a core human-machine interaction device for operators to issue traction, braking or directional commands.

[0086] The driver controller includes a control handle, a transmission mechanism, and a magnetic encoder. The control handle is the component directly held and operated by the operator, and it can rotate, push, pull, or move in multiple dimensions to input different control commands. In this embodiment, the control handle is a rotary handle that rotates within a predetermined angle range to adjust the level of traction or braking force.

[0087] The transmission mechanism connects the control handle to the rotating shaft of the magnetic encoder. Specifically, the rotation of the control handle is transmitted to the rotating shaft via a linkage, gear set, or direct shaft connection to achieve mechanical linkage. The transmission mechanism can proportionally amplify or reduce the input motion to match the encoder's detection range and accuracy requirements.

[0088] The magnetic encoder's shaft is connected to the transmission mechanism to detect the rotation angle position of the control handle in real time. The angle signal output by the encoder is processed and converted into a digital or analog control signal, which is transmitted via cable to the main control system of the vehicle or equipment (such as TCMS or PLC) to achieve precise control of traction, braking, and other systems.

[0089] Because this driver controller uses the aforementioned magnetic encoder with a highly reliable rotating shaft assembly 100, it can maintain high accuracy and stability of angle detection even under harsh working conditions such as long-term vibration, impact, and temperature difference changes. This effectively avoids safety hazards such as miscontrol and loss of control caused by magnet loosening and signal drift, and significantly improves the operational safety and reliability of rail transit vehicles and engineering machinery.

[0090] In all examples shown and described herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations; therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0091] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0092] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A rotating shaft assembly for a magnetic encoder, characterized in that, The rotating shaft assembly includes a rotating shaft and a magnet ring. The rotating shaft includes a first shaft segment and a second shaft segment arranged axially in sequence. The first shaft segment and the second shaft segment are detachably connected. The outer wall of the first shaft segment has a limiting part, and one end of the first shaft segment near the second shaft segment passes through the magnet ring. One end of the magnet ring is pressed and abutted against the second shaft segment, and the other end of the magnet ring is pressed and abutted against the limiting part.

2. The rotating shaft assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating shaft assembly also includes an elastic pad disposed between the second shaft segment and the magnet ring.

3. The rotating shaft assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, At one end of the first shaft segment and the second shaft segment that are close to each other, one of them has an external thread and the other has an internal thread that mates with the external thread.

4. The rotating shaft assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rotating shaft assembly also includes a lubricating ring, which is sleeved on the first shaft segment. One end of the lubricating ring abuts against the elastic pad, and the other end of the lubricating ring abuts against the second shaft segment.

5. The rotating shaft assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting part extends circumferentially along the first shaft segment.

6. A magnetic encoder, characterized in that, The magnetic encoder includes a shaft assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The magnetic encoder according to claim 6, characterized in that, The magnetic encoder also includes a housing, and the first shaft segment and the second shaft segment are rotatably connected to the housing. The housing has a first limiting part and a second limiting part, the first limiting part and the first shaft segment forming an axial limiting fit, and the second limiting part and the second shaft segment forming an axial limiting fit.

8. The magnetic encoder according to claim 7, characterized in that, The magnetic encoder also includes a control board and an insulating board. The control board is disposed inside the housing, and the insulating board is disposed between the control board and the housing.

9. The magnetic encoder according to claim 8, characterized in that, The magnetic encoder also includes a magnetic field sensor that cooperates with the magnetic ring. The magnetic field sensor is disposed on the control board and is electrically connected to the control board.

10. A driver controller, characterized in that, The driver controller includes a magnetic encoder as described in any one of claims 6 to 9.

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