Anti-carbon deposition device for combustion engine fuel nozzle

Abstract

The utility model relates to fuel nozzle technical field especially relates to gas turbine fuel nozzle anti carbon deposition device, including nozzle main part, the fuel import is established through the opening one side of nozzle main part, the fuel export is established through the opening other side, the fuel passage is established through the opening inside, still including the primary filter screen, secondary filter screen and cyclone chamber, the primary filter screen and secondary filter screen are arranged in fuel import inside detachable, the outer peripheral surface of primary filter screen and secondary filter screen all with fuel import inner wall adaptation anastomosis, the cyclone chamber is established in nozzle main part inside middle segment, the utility model discloses gas turbine fuel nozzle anti carbon deposition device, the primary and secondary filter screen realize the classification interception of coarse and fine particles through the aperture difference, at the same time, the spiral guide vane of specific angle induces fuel to form stable cyclone field, under the comprehensive action, the device constructs carbon deposition prevention and control system from filtration, separation, two dimensions, effectively prolongs nozzle service life, improves gas turbine operation stability, has remarkable engineering application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fuel nozzle technology, and in particular to a device for preventing carbon buildup in gas turbine fuel nozzles. Background Technology

[0002] In power equipment that operates continuously, such as gas turbines, the fuel nozzle is the core component for fuel supply and combustion control. Its operational stability directly affects the efficiency and service life of the gas turbine. In the existing technology, the fuel nozzle generally suffers from carbon buildup during long-term use, mainly due to solid particles mixed in the fuel, suspended impurities, and the pyrolysis reaction of the fuel under high temperature conditions.

[0003] When fuel nozzles are in use, traditional shutdown cleaning methods require interrupting the gas turbine operation, which not only increases equipment maintenance costs but also reduces production efficiency due to shutdowns. This is especially true in industrial scenarios that require continuous operation (such as power generation and marine propulsion), where the negative impact of frequent shutdown cleaning is more significant. While chemical additives can delay carbon buildup to some extent, they may introduce fuel pollution risks (such as additive residues or reaction byproducts), and their effectiveness in removing existing carbon deposits is limited, failing to address the root cause of impurity deposition. Furthermore, existing technologies mostly focus on post-deposition treatment of carbon deposits, lacking proactive control mechanisms for the carbon deposit formation process, leading to recurring carbon buildup problems.

[0004] Therefore, to address the issue of extending nozzle lifespan during long-term continuous operation of gas turbines, a gas turbine fuel nozzle anti-carbon deposit device can be designed. When using this fuel nozzle, fuel enters the nozzle body through the fuel inlet and first flows through a removable primary filter. Multiple sets of large-diameter filter holes on its sidewalls intercept larger solid particles or impurities in the fuel, completing preliminary filtration. The fuel then enters the secondary filter area, where multiple sets of small-diameter filter holes on the sidewalls perform secondary fine filtration, effectively trapping even smaller suspended particles. The difference in pore size between the two stages of filtration achieves graded interception, significantly reducing the total amount of particles entering subsequent flow channels. When the filtered fuel enters the swirling chamber in the middle section of the nozzle body, the spiral structure within the chamber guides the fuel to form a uniform swirling field. This swirling separation effect further separates the remaining small particles after filtration, preventing them from depositing and forming carbon deposits as they enter the combustion zone. Through these combined effects, the device constructs a carbon deposit prevention system from two dimensions: filtration and separation. This effectively extends nozzle lifespan, improves gas turbine operational stability, and has significant engineering application value. Utility Model Content

[0005] To overcome the problem that traditional shutdown cleaning methods for fuel nozzles require interrupting the gas turbine's operation, and the negative impact of frequent shutdown cleaning is more significant, while chemical additives can delay carbon buildup to some extent, they may introduce fuel pollution risks. Therefore, when used in scenarios where the gas turbine operates continuously for a long time, it is inconvenient to extend the nozzle's service life.

[0006] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows: a gas turbine fuel nozzle anti-carbon deposit device, including a nozzle body, a fuel inlet through one side of the nozzle body, a fuel outlet through the other side, a fuel channel through the inside, and a primary filter screen, a secondary filter screen, and a swirling chamber. The fuel inlet is provided with a detachable primary filter screen and a secondary filter screen. The outer circumferential surfaces of the primary filter screen and the secondary filter screen are adapted to fit the inner wall of the fuel inlet. A swirling chamber is opened in the middle section of the nozzle body.

[0007] Preferably, when using this fuel nozzle, when fuel enters the nozzle body through the fuel inlet, it first flows through a detachable primary filter screen. Multiple sets of large-diameter filter holes on its sidewalls can intercept larger solid particles or impurities in the fuel, completing the initial filtration. The fuel then enters the secondary filter screen area, where multiple sets of small-diameter filter holes on the sidewalls of this filter screen perform secondary fine filtration, effectively trapping even smaller suspended particles. The difference in pore size between the two stages of filtration achieves graded interception, significantly reducing the total amount of particles entering the subsequent flow channels. When the filtered fuel enters the swirling chamber in the middle section of the nozzle body, the spiral structure set in the chamber guides the fuel to form a uniform swirling field. This swirling separation effect can further separate the small particles remaining after filtration, preventing them from depositing and forming carbon deposits as they enter the combustion zone with the fuel. Under the combined effect, the device constructs a carbon deposit prevention and control system from two dimensions: filtration and separation, effectively extending the service life of the nozzle and improving the operational stability of the gas turbine, which has significant engineering application value.

[0008] Preferably, both the primary filter and the secondary filter have multiple sets of filter holes through their sidewalls, with the diameter of the multiple sets of filter holes on the sidewall of the primary filter being larger than that on the sidewall of the secondary filter.

[0009] Preferably, grooves are symmetrically opened on both sides of the inner wall of the fuel inlet, and clamping rods are symmetrically fixed on the upper and lower sides of the primary filter screen and the secondary filter screen. The clamping rods and the grooves are mutually adapted and engaged. The primary filter screen is fixedly set in the middle position of the upper and lower clamping rods, and the secondary filter screen is fixedly set in the inner position of the upper and lower clamping rods.

[0010] Preferably, a set of protrusions is fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the upper clamping rod to facilitate the removal of the primary and secondary filters.

[0011] Preferably, multiple sets of spiral guide vanes are fixedly arranged inside the swirling cavity, with the spiral angle of each spiral guide vane being 30°~45°.

[0012] Preferably, multiple sets of heat dissipation fins are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the nozzle body, and the multiple sets of heat dissipation fins are distributed in a circumferential array.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0014] 1. When using this fuel nozzle, fuel enters the nozzle body through the fuel inlet and first flows through the detachable primary filter screen. Multiple sets of large-diameter filter holes on its sidewalls intercept larger solid particles or impurities in the fuel, completing the initial filtration. The fuel then enters the secondary filter screen area, where multiple sets of small-diameter filter holes on the sidewalls perform a second, finer filtration, effectively trapping even smaller suspended particles. The difference in pore size between the two stages of filtration achieves graded interception, significantly reducing the total amount of particles entering subsequent flow channels. When the filtered fuel enters the swirling chamber in the middle section of the nozzle body, the spiral structure within the chamber guides the fuel to form a uniform swirling field. This swirling separation effect further separates the remaining small particles after filtration, preventing them from depositing and forming carbon deposits as they enter the combustion zone. Through these combined effects, the device constructs a carbon deposit control system from both filtration and separation dimensions, effectively extending the nozzle's service life and improving the gas turbine's operational stability, demonstrating significant engineering application value.

[0015] 2. The spiral guide vanes at a specific angle induce the fuel to form a stable swirling flow field, and use centrifugal force to separate residual microparticles, further purifying the fuel flow channel environment. The arrayed heat dissipation fins improve heat exchange efficiency, reduce nozzle operating temperature, and inhibit carbon deposition caused by high-temperature pyrolysis. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a first perspective structural schematic of the gas turbine fuel nozzle anti-carbon deposit device of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the nozzle body of the gas turbine fuel nozzle anti-carbon deposit device of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 What is shown is Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure at the area marked in the middle;

[0019] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the filter mechanism of the gas turbine fuel nozzle anti-carbon deposit device of this utility model.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Nozzle body; 2. Primary filter screen; 3. Secondary filter screen; 4. Swirl chamber; 5. Filter hole; 6. Slot; 7. Locking rod; 8. Protrusion; 9. Spiral guide vane; 10. Heat dissipation fins. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 This utility model provides an embodiment of a gas turbine fuel nozzle anti-carbon deposit device, which includes a nozzle body 1, a fuel inlet through one side and a fuel outlet through the other side, a fuel channel through the inside, and a primary filter screen 2, a secondary filter screen 3 and a swirling chamber 4. The fuel inlet is provided with a detachable primary filter screen 2 and a secondary filter screen 3. The outer circumferential surfaces of the primary filter screen 2 and the secondary filter screen 3 are adapted to fit the inner wall of the fuel inlet. The swirling chamber 4 is opened in the middle section of the nozzle body 1.

[0023] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4 Both the primary filter 2 and the secondary filter 3 have multiple sets of filter holes 5 that are opened through their side walls. The diameter of the multiple sets of filter holes 5 on the side wall of the primary filter 2 is larger than that on the side wall of the secondary filter 3. The primary filter 2 and the secondary filter 3 achieve graded interception of coarse and fine particles through the difference in pore size, reducing the total amount of impurities entering the combustion zone from the source and reducing the basic source of carbon deposits. The inner wall of the fuel inlet has symmetrical slots 6 on both sides. The primary filter 2 and the secondary filter 3 are symmetrically fixed with locking rods 7 on the upper and lower sides. The locking rods 7 and the slots 6 are mutually compatible. The primary filter 2 is fixedly positioned in the middle of the upper and lower clamping rods 7, and the secondary filter 3 is fixedly positioned inside the upper and lower clamping rods 7. The upper and lower clamping rods 7 of the primary filter 2 and the secondary filter 3 are inserted into the upper and lower sets of clamping grooves 6 on the inner wall of the fuel inlet. Then, the primary filter 2 and the secondary filter 3 are pushed in completely. A protrusion 8 is fixedly provided on the bottom wall of the upper set of clamping rods 7 for easy removal of the primary filter 2 and the secondary filter 3. The clamping rods 7 can be removed from the inside of the feed inlet by using the protrusion 8.

[0024] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 Multiple sets of spiral guide vanes 9 are fixedly installed inside the swirling chamber 4. The spiral angle of each spiral guide vane 9 is 30°~45°. When the filtered fuel enters the swirling chamber 4 in the middle section of the nozzle body 1, the multiple sets of spiral guide vanes 9 fixedly installed inside the chamber guide the fuel to form a uniform swirling field. Multiple sets of heat dissipation fins 10 are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the nozzle body 1. The multiple sets of heat dissipation fins 10 are distributed in a circumferential array. The multiple sets of heat dissipation fins 10 distributed in a circumferential array on the outer wall of the nozzle body 1 increase the contact area with the outside air, accelerate the heat dissipation during nozzle operation, effectively reduce the overall temperature of the nozzle, and reduce the phenomenon of fuel pyrolysis and carbon deposition caused by high temperature environment.

[0025] When using this fuel nozzle, the gas turbine fuel nozzle anti-carbon deposit device achieves carbon deposit inhibition through a multi-stage synergistic mechanism. The specific working process is as follows: When fuel enters the nozzle body 1 through the fuel inlet, it first flows through the detachable primary filter screen 2. The multiple sets of large-diameter filter holes 5 on its side wall can intercept larger solid particles or impurities in the fuel, completing the initial filtration. The smaller particles that are not intercepted continue to flow with the fuel and enter the secondary filter screen 3 area. The multiple sets of small-diameter filter holes 5 on the side wall of this filter screen perform secondary fine filtration of the fuel, effectively intercepting even smaller suspended particles. The difference in pore size between the two stages of filtration achieves graded interception, significantly reducing the total amount of particles entering the subsequent flow channel.

[0026] When the filtered fuel enters the swirling chamber 4 in the middle section of the nozzle body 1, multiple sets of spiral guide vanes 9 fixedly installed in the chamber guide the fuel to form a uniform swirling field. When the fuel moves tangentially along the surface of the spiral guide vanes 9, the centrifugal force causes the denser unfiltered particles or tiny carbon particles to gather towards the periphery of the swirling flow, while the clean fuel gathers towards the central area. This swirling separation effect can further separate the tiny particles remaining after filtration, preventing them from entering the combustion zone with the fuel and depositing to form carbon deposits.

[0027] Meanwhile, the multiple sets of heat dissipation fins 10 arranged in a circular array on the outer wall of the nozzle body 1 increase the contact area with the outside air, accelerate the heat dissipation during nozzle operation, effectively reduce the overall temperature of the nozzle, and reduce the phenomenon of fuel pyrolysis carbon deposition caused by high temperature environment.

[0028] Finally, the fuel, after undergoing dual filtration, cyclone separation, and enhanced heat dissipation, is stably output through the fuel outlet, completing the energy supply process.

[0029] In summary, this device significantly inhibits carbon buildup formation through the synergistic effect of three core mechanisms: First, the primary and secondary filters 3 achieve graded interception of coarse and fine particles through the difference in pore size, reducing the total amount of impurities entering the combustion zone at the source and lowering the basic source of carbon deposits. Second, the spiral guide vanes 9 at a specific angle induce the fuel to form a stable swirling flow field, using centrifugal force to separate residual microparticles and further purify the fuel flow environment. Third, the arrayed heat dissipation fins 10 improve heat exchange efficiency, reduce nozzle operating temperature, and inhibit carbon buildup caused by high-temperature pyrolysis. Under these combined effects, the device constructs a carbon buildup prevention and control system from three dimensions: filtration, separation, and heat dissipation, effectively extending nozzle lifespan and improving the stability of gas turbine operation, demonstrating significant engineering application value.

[0030] Through the above steps, when using this fuel nozzle, the fuel enters the nozzle body 1 through the fuel inlet and first flows through the detachable primary filter screen 2. The multiple sets of large-diameter filter holes on its side wall can intercept larger solid particles or impurities in the fuel, completing the initial filtration. It then enters the secondary filter screen 3 area, where multiple sets of small-diameter filter holes on the side wall of this filter screen perform secondary fine filtration of the fuel, effectively trapping even smaller suspended particles. The difference in pore size between the two-stage filtration achieves graded interception, significantly reducing the total amount of particles entering the subsequent flow channel. When the filtered fuel enters the swirling chamber 4 in the middle section of the nozzle body 1, the spiral structure set in the chamber guides the fuel to form a uniform swirling field. This swirling separation effect can further separate the small particles remaining after filtration, preventing them from depositing and forming carbon deposits as they enter the combustion zone with the fuel. Under the combined effect, the device constructs a carbon deposit prevention and control system from two dimensions: filtration and separation, effectively extending the service life of the nozzle and improving the operational stability of the gas turbine, which has significant engineering application value.

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas turbine fuel nozzle anti-carbon deposit device, comprising a nozzle body (1), wherein a fuel inlet is provided through one side of the nozzle body (1), a fuel outlet is provided through the other side, and a fuel passage is provided through the interior, characterized in that: It also includes a primary filter (2), a secondary filter (3) and a swirling chamber (4). The fuel inlet is equipped with a detachable primary filter (2) and a secondary filter (3). The outer circumference of the primary filter (2) and the secondary filter (3) are adapted to fit the inner wall of the fuel inlet. The nozzle body (1) has a swirling chamber (4) in the middle section.

2. The gas turbine fuel nozzle anti-carbon deposit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple sets of filter holes (5) are opened through the side walls of both the primary filter (2) and the secondary filter (3). The diameter of the multiple sets of filter holes (5) on the side wall of the primary filter (2) is larger than that of the multiple sets of filter holes (5) on the side wall of the secondary filter (3).

3. The gas turbine fuel nozzle anti-carbon deposit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the fuel inlet is symmetrically provided with slots (6) on both sides. The primary filter screen (2) and the secondary filter screen (3) are symmetrically fixed with locking rods (7) on the upper and lower sides. The locking rods (7) and the slots (6) are mutually adapted and locked. The primary filter screen (2) is fixedly set in the middle of the upper and lower locking rods (7), and the secondary filter screen (3) is fixedly set in the inner side of the upper and lower locking rods (7).

4. The gas turbine fuel nozzle anti-carbon deposit device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A set of levers (7) located on the upper side has protrusions (8) fixed on the bottom wall for easy removal of the primary filter screen (2) and the secondary filter screen (3).

5. The gas turbine fuel nozzle anti-carbon deposit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple sets of spiral guide vanes (9) are fixedly installed inside the swirling cavity (4), and the spiral angle of each spiral guide vane (9) is 30°~45°.

6. The gas turbine fuel nozzle anti-carbon deposit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple sets of heat dissipation fins (10) are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the nozzle body (1), and the multiple sets of heat dissipation fins (10) are distributed in a circular array.

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